Subject: Daily Scan of COVID-19 Scientific Publications / survol journalier des publications scientifiques du COVID-19, 2020-11-05
Good afternoon,
There are 383 citations in today’s scan. 286 were considered primary research or review literature.
Highlights today include:
PUBLIC HEALTH INTERVENTION
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Kwok et al. Many countries have implemented border restriction as a public health measure to limit local outbreak. However, there is
inadequate scientific data to support such a practice, especially in the presence of an established local transmission of the disease. As a public health measure to tackle COVID-19, border restriction is effective in reducing cumulative cases and mortality.
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Grundel et al
provide insights on how much testing and social distancing is required to control COVID-19. They develop a compartmental model that accounts for key aspects of the disease: 1) incubation time, 2) age-dependent symptom severity, and 3) testing and hospitalization
delays. They find that an early and short lockdown is inevitable but can be slowly relaxed over the following months.
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Russell et al
developed a mathematical simulation to evaluate the effectiveness of quarantine and testing, alone and in combination, across a variety of scenarios. We found that quarantine was more effective than testing alone, even for quarantine as short as two
days, and the value of adding testing to quarantine diminished for longer quarantine durations. Testing was most effective if performed near the end of quarantine. Compliance of travelers and the percent of infections that were asymptomatic greatly influenced
policy effectiveness.
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Saad et al
explore the efficacy of an Active Surveillance testing model where a random number of students are tested daily for early detection of asymptomatic patients and for prevention of the infection among the student population. In addition to health impacts,
we also analyze the financial impact of deploying the Active Surveillance system in schools while taking into consideration lost workdays of parents, hospitalization costs, and testing costs.
TRANSMISSION
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Jones et al., evaluate the interactions between SARS-CoV-2 positive players and other players during rugby league matches, to determine the risk of in-game
SARS-CoV-2 transmission. SARS-CoV-2 positive players were within a 2 m proximity of other players for up to 316 secs, from 60 interactions.
95 players returned negative and 5 players returned within 14 days of the match however sources of transmission were linked to internal club outbreaks and wider-community transmission. Despite a high number of tackle
involvements and close proximity interactions, these data suggest that in-game SARS-CoV-2 transmission is limited during these types of team sport activities played outdoors.
IMMUNOLOGY
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Delmas
et al investigated the prevalence of antibodies IgG against SARS-CoV-2 among all HCW in the Paris centre University hospital. Overall, the prevalence of IgG antibodies was of 11.5 and was significantly higher for paramedical staff. Five clinical
symptoms were independently associated with positive serology including asthenia, fever, myalgia, ageusia and anosmia for which the higher odd ratio was obersved. The proportion of asymptomatic subjects with a positive serology was 21.4%.
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Chen et al.
identify molecular markers in peripheral blood and plasma samples of 66 COVID‐19 patients experiencing a range of disease severities and 17 healthy controls. Chronic activation of neutrophils, IFN‐I signalling as well as a high level of inflammatory
cytokines were observed in patients with severe disease progression. In contrast, COVID‐19 patients experiencing milder disease symptoms showed robust T cell responses. Finally, we identified genes, proteins and exRNAs as potential biomarkers that might assist
in predicting the prognosis of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.
EPIDEMIOLOGY
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Fetzer, T.,
documents that a large-scale government subsidy aimed at encouraging people to eat out in restaurants in the wake of the first 2020 COVID19 wave in the United Kingdom has had a large causal impact in accelerating the subsequent second COVID19 wave. The
UK subsidized 50% off the cost of food and non-alcoholic drinks for an unlimited number of visits in participating restaurants on Mondays-Wednesdays from August 3 to August 31, 2020. Calculation suggests that the program is accountable for between 8 to 17
percent of all new local infection clusters during that time period.
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Magnusson et al evaluated whether employees in occupations that typically imply close contact with other people are at higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) and
related hospitalization, for the 1st and 2nd wave of infection in Norway. Nurses, physicians, dentists, physiotherapists, bus/tram and taxi drivers had 1.5-3.5 times the odds of COVID-19 during the 1st wave of infection when compared to everyone in their working
age. In the 2nd wave of the epidemic, bartenders, waiters, food service counter attendants, taxi drivers and travel stewards had 1.5-4 times the odds of COVID-19 when compared to everyone in their working age.
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Oren et al We examined Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) mortality following 5 mass gatherings at outdoor rallies in the United States, during August 2020. We found that
COVID-19 mortality started increasing 19-24 days after the mass gathering. In a 50-mile radius there was a 2.1-fold increase in COVID-19 mortality, and in a 51-100 miles radius there was a 1.4-fold increase. Our results suggest that precautions should be taken
in mass gatherings and in at least a 50-mile radius, in order to limit COVID-19 mortality.
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Wyllie et al
(preprint) conducted a prospective cohort study in 2,826 participants working in hospitals and Fire and Police services in England, UK during the pandemic. At recruitment they measured numbers of SARS-CoV-2 responsive T cells and antibodies to SARS-CoV-2
proteins. Of the participants with higher T cell responses, 367 (53%) had detectable antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 nuclear or spike proteins. During follow-up, 20 participants with lower T cell responses developed COVID-19, compared with none in the population
with high T cell responses. Peripheral blood SARS-CoV-2 responsive T cell numbers are associated with risk of developing COVID-19.
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Bjornstad et al.
report that in a global, multicenter, point-prevalence study 44% of children admitted to intensive care with COVID-19 had acute kidney injury.
SEROPREVALANCE
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Stadlbauer et al.
conducted a retrospective, repeated cross-sectional analysis of anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike antibodies in weekly intervals between February to July 2020, using plasma samples from routine care and urgent care patients in NYC. Seroprevalence increased at different
rates in both groups, and levelled out at slightly above 20% in both groups after the epidemic wave subsided in the region (late May). From May to July seroprevalence stayed stable, suggesting lasting antibody levels in the population
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Bi et al.
estimated the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection from household and community exposures in Geneva, Switzerland. The chance of being infected by a single SARS-CoV-2 infected household member was 17.2% compared to extra-household infection risk of 5.1%. Infection
risk from an infected household member increased with age. Seropositive household members not reporting symptoms had 74.8% lower of infecting another household member compared to those reporting symptoms, accounting for 19.6% of all household infections.
CLINICAL DATA
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van Steenkiste et al.,
investigate whether High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) treatment on the wards could be an effective alternative treatment for patients not eligible for invasive mechanical ventilation. This study suggests that HFNC could be an effective last resort respiratory
management strategy for respiratory failure in vulnerable elderly COVID-19 patients who failed on conventional high dose oxygen supply and are not eligible for invasive mechanical ventilation.
THERAPEUTICS
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Liu et al conducted a retrospective study to explore the effects of corticosteroids on mortality from COVID-19 with ARDS in five tertiary Chinese hospitals. As compared with usual
care, treatment with corticosteroids was associated with increased rate of myocardial and liver injury, of shock, of need for mechanical ventilation, and increased rate of 28-day all-cause mortality. Corticosteroid use was also associated with a delay in SARS–CoV-2
coronavirus RNA clearance in the competing risk analysis.
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AlQahtani et al conducted a randomized open label pilot trial involving 40 patients with COVID-19 who were requiring
oxygen therapy and who had radiological evidence of pneumonia. The CP group were a higher risk group with higher ferritin levels though respiratory indices did not differ. The primary outcome measure (ventilation) was required in 6 controls and 4 patients
on CP; mean time on ventilation was 10.5 days in the control against 8.2 days in patients on CP. were no significant differences in the primary or secondary outcome measures between CP and standard therapy though fewer patients required ventilation and for
a shorter period of time.
·
Behera et al explore the association between ivermectin prophylaxis
and development of COVID-19 infection among healthcare workers. Ivermectin prophylaxis was taken by 77 controls and 38 cases. Two-dose ivermectin was associated with 73% reduction of COVID-19 infection among healthcare workers for the following one month,
those who were involved in physical activity for more than an hour/day were more likely to contract COVID-19 infection. Type of household, COVID duty, single-dose ivermectin prophylaxis, vitamin-C prophylaxis and hydroxychloroquine prophylaxis were not associated
with COVID-19 infection.
Regards,
Lisa Waddell, Tricia Corrin, Rukshanda Ahmad, Robyn Odell, Maribeth Mitri, Julie Theriault, Dobrila Todoric, Alejandra Dubois, Austyn Baumeister, Anam Khan, Musaab Younis, Lien Mi Tien, Dima Ayache, Angela Sloan, Kaitlin Young, Chatura
Prematunge, Ainsley Otten, Irene Yong, Drew Greydanus, Shalane Ha, Jessie Varga, Vanessa Zubach, Meenu Sharma, Kristyn Burak, David Knox, Joanne Hiebert, Clifford Clark
Focus areas: Modelling/ prediction, Epidemiology, Transmission, Clinical data, Long-term Sequelae, Mental Health, Surveillance, Coronavirology, Diagnostics /
Pathogen detection, Therapeutics, Vaccine Research, Public health interventions, Public Health response, Public Health Priorities, IPAC, Health care response, Immunology, Economics, Animal model, Zoonoses, Review Literature, Commentary/Editorial, news
Domaines cibles: Modélisation/prédiction, Épidémiologie, Transmission, Données cliniques, Séquelles à long terme, Santé mentale ,Surveillance,
Coronavirologie, Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes, Thérapeutique, Recherche sur les vaccins, Interventions de santé publique, Priorités de santé publique, PCI,
Réponse des soins de santé, Immunologie,
économie, Modèle animal, Zoonoses, Revue de littérature, Commentaire/Éditorial, journaux
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PUBLICATIONS |
AUTHORS / AUTEURS |
SOURCE |
FOCI / DOMAINE |
SUMMARY / SOMMAIRE |
Modelling the spread of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic - Impact of lockdowns & interventions |
Agrawal, M, Kanitkar, et al |
Indian J Med Res |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health interventions*| Interventions
de santé publique |
In this study, a new model was used which was developed on lines of susceptible-asymptomatic-infected-recovered (SAIR)
to assess the impact of the lockdown and make predictions on its future course. The disease spread was reduced due to initial lockdown. An increase in γ reflects healthcare and hospital services, medications and protocols put in place. In Delhi, the predictions
from the model were corroborated with July and September serosurveys, which showed antibodies in 23.5 and 33 per cent population, respectively. If the model is correct, we may have reached herd immunity with about 380 million people already infected. However,
personal protective measures remain crucial. If there was no lockdown, the number of active infections would have peaked at close to 14.7 million, resulted in more than 2.6 million deaths, and the peak would have arrived by June 2020. The number of deaths
with the current trends may be less than 0.2 million. |
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Ahamad, S, Gupta, et al |
J Biomol Struct Dyn |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
In this study, the C-terminal domain (CTD (PDB ID: 6WJI)) was targeted for the identification of possible inhibitors of oligomerization of N protein. Multiple
computational approaches were employed to explore the potential mechanisms of binding and inhibitor activity of five antiviral drugs toward CTD. The five anti-N drugs studied in this work are 4E1RCat, Silmitasertib, TMCB, Sapanisertib, and Rapamycin. 4E1RCat
displayed highest binding affinity (-10.95 kcal/mol), followed by rapamycin (-8.91 kcal/mol), silmitasertib (-7.89 kcal/mol), TMCB (-7.05 kcal/mol), and sapanisertib (-6.14 kcal/mol). Overall, the MD simulation parameters like RMSD, RMSF, Rg, hydrogen bonds
analysis, PCA, FEL, and DCCM analysis indicated that 4E1RCat and TMCB complexes were more stable as compared to silmitasertib and sapanisertib and thus could act as effective drug compounds against CTD. |
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Ahlstrand, Erik, Cajander, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the Orebro covid-19 scale (ÖCoS) scores in relation to clinical outcome of covid-19. This is a population
based study including data from all hospitalized patients with covid-19 in Örebro Region during March to July 2020. In the 381 included patients, there was a close correlation of the ÖCoS-severity score on admittance to hospital and the hospital length of
stay. The ÖCoS-severity score on hospital admittance was a strong predictor for both a severe outcome in regards to ICU admittance or death and the time to ICU admittance. On admittance to ICU, both ÖCoS-severity score and temporal stage were correlated with
the ICU length of stay. |
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Allocca, M, Chaparro, et al |
J Clin Med |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We investigated the incidence of COVID-19 and the impact of immunosuppression and containment measures on the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a large IBD
cohort, from a multicenter cohort from 21st of February to 30th of June, 2020. The cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with IBD vs. the general population was 0.406% and 0.402% cases, respectively. Twenty-three patients (24%) were hospitalized,
21 (22%) had pneumonia, four (4%) were admitted to the Intensive Care Unit, and one patient died. Lethality in our cohort was 1% compared to 9% in the general population. At multivariable analysis, age > 65 years was associated with increased risk of pneumonia
and hospitalization (OR 11.6, 95% CI 2.18-62.60; OR 5.1, 95% CI 1.10-23.86, respectively), treatment with corticosteroids increased the risk of hospitalization (OR 7.6, 95% CI 1.48-40.05), whereas monoclonal antibodies were associated with reduced risk of
pneumonia and hospitalization (OR 0.1, 95% CI 0.04-0.52; OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.10-0.90, respectively). The risk of COVID-19 in patients with IBD is similar to the general population. |
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AlQahtani, Manaf, Abdulrahman, et al |
medRxiv |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Therapeutics| Thérapeutique RCT |
This pilot study was designed to inform the design of a definitive phase 3 clinical trial. This was a prospective, interventional and randomized open label
pilot trial involving 40 patients with COVID-19 who were requiring oxygen therapy and who had radiological evidence of pneumonia. Twenty COVID-19 patients received two 200ml transfusions of convalescent plasma (CP) over 24 hours were compared with 20 patients
who received routine care alone. The CP group were a higher risk group with higher ferritin levels (p<0.05) though respiratory indices did not differ. The primary outcome measure (ventilation) was required in 6 controls and 4 patients on CP (risk ratio 0.67
95% CI 0.22 to 2.0, p=0.72); mean time on ventilation was 10.5 days in the control against 8.2 days in patients on CP (p=0.81). There were no differences in secondary measures at the end of the study. Two patients died in the control and one patient in the
CP arm. There were no significant differences in the primary or secondary outcome measures between CP and standard therapy though fewer patients required ventilation and for a shorter period of time. |
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Ameri, P, Inciardi, et al |
Clin Res Cardiol |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
This study aims to describe pulmonary embolism (PE) in critically ill COVID-19 patients. Data were retrospectively
obtained from consecutive COVID-19 patients admitted to 13 Cardiology Units in Italy, from March 1st to April 9th, 2020, and followed until in-hospital death, discharge, or April 23rd, 2020. The study included 689 patients (67.3 ± 13.2 year-old, 69.4% males),
of whom 43.6% were non-invasively ventilated and 15.8% invasively. 52 (7.5%) had PE over 15 (9-24) days of follow-up. Compared with those without PE, these subjects had younger age, higher BMI, less often heart failure and chronic kidney disease, more severe
cardio-pulmonary involvement, and higher admission D-dimer 4344 (1099-15,118) vs. 818.5 (417-1460) ng/mL, p < 0.001]. They also received more frequently darunavir/ritonavir, tocilizumab and ventilation support. Furthermore, they faced more bleeding episodes
requiring transfusion (15.6% vs. 5.1%, p < 0.001) and non-significantly higher in-hospital mortality (34.6% vs. 22.9%, p = 0.06). In multivariate regression, only D-dimer was associated with PE (HR 1.72, 95% CI 1.13-2.62; p = 0.01). The relation between D-dimer
concentrations and PE incidence was linear, without inflection point. Only two subjects had a baseline D-dimer < 500 ng/mL. PE occurs in a sizable proportion of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The implications of bleeding events and the role of D-dimer in
this population need to be clarified. |
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Ashraf, Sohaib, Ashraf, et al |
medRxiv |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Therapeutics| Thérapeutique RCT |
We conducted a randomized, open label, placebo-controlled clinical trial using parallel group design. This was a multi-centered
study conducted in RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 patients showing moderate or severe disease. All patients receiving standard care were randomized into treatment and control groups. In the treatment arm, patients received HNS (honey plus Nigella sativa) in predefined
doses for up to 13 days. In the moderate and severe cases, the HNS treatment was associated with a normalized median symptoms alleviation time reduction of 3 and 7 days (HR: 6.11; 95% CI: 4.23-8.84 and HR: 4.04; 95% CI, 2.46-6.64) respectively. The HNS treatment
in both groups were further associated with 4 days earlier reduction in median viral clearance time (Moderate HR: 5.53; 95% CI: 3.76-8.14) and Severe HR: 4.32; 95% CI: 2.62-7.13). Moreover, in the intention-to-treat analysis, the HNS groups led to a lower
(better) clinical score on day 6 with resumption of normal activity among 63.6% of the moderate (OR: 0.07; 95% CI: 0.03-0.13) and 28% of severe cases (OR: 0.03; 95% CI: 0.01-0.09). Furthermore, a significant (14.87%) reduction (OR: 0.18; 95% CI: 0.02-0.92)
in mortality was observed in the HNS arm. No difference in adverse effects were seen between the HNS and control arms. A significant reduction in in the severity of disease, the time taken for viral clearance and mortality was observed with HNS treatment in
COVID-19 patients. |
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Aydin Sayilan, A, Kulakaç, et al |
Perspect Psychiatr Care |
Mental Health |
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This study was carried out to determine the burnout levels and sleep quality of nurses in the coronavirus disease-2019
process. The population of this descriptive and cross-sectional study consisted of all nurses working in hospitals in Turkey. Nurses' mean scores were compared by gender. The emotional burnout and personal achievement scores of male nurses were higher than
those of female nurses. Single nurses had significantly higher emotional exhaustion and depersonalization scores than married individuals. Nurses mostly experienced emotional exhaustion, and burnout levels increased in line with insomnia. |
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Babus, Ana, Das, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health
interventions*| Interventions de sant&eacute; publique |
We estimate occupation-based infection risks and use age-based infection fatality rates in a model to assign priorities
over populations with different occupations and ages. Among others, we find that 50-year-old food-processing workers and 60-year-old financial advisors are equally prioritized. Our model suggests a vaccine distribution that emphasizes age-based mortality risk
more than occupation-based exposure risk. Designating some occupations as essential does not affect the optimal vaccine allocation unless a stay-at-home order is also in effect. Even with vaccines allocated optimally, 7.14% of the employed workforce is still
expected to be infected with the virus until the vaccine becomes widely available, provided the vaccine is 50% effective, and assuming a supply of 60mil doses. |
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Baker, JuliaM, Nelson, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé Immunology
| Immunologie |
This study aimed to quantify demographic, occupational, and community risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity among
healthcare workers in a large metropolitan healthcare system. SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity was estimated to be 5.7% (95% CI: 5.2%-6.1%) among 10,275 healthcare workers. Community contact with a person known or suspected to have COVID-19 (aOR=1.9, 95% CI:1.4-2.5)
and zip code level COVID-19 incidence (aOR: 1.4, 95% CI: 1.0-2.0) increased the odds of infection. Black individuals were at high risk (aOR=2.0, 95% CI:1.6-2.4). Overall, occupational risk factors accounted for 27% (95% CI: 25%-30%) of the risk among healthcare
workers and included contact with a PCR test-positive healthcare worker (aOR=1.2, 95% CI:1.0-1.6). Community risk factors, including contact with a COVID-19 positive individual and residential COVID-19 incidence, are more strongly associated with SARS-CoV-2
seropositivity among healthcare workers than exposure in the workplace. |
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Barauna, ValerioG, Singh, et al |
medRxiv |
Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes |
We applied a superfast reagent-free and non-destructive approach of attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared
(ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy with subsequent chemometric analysis to the interrogation of virus-infected samples. Contrived samples with inactivated gamma-irradiated Covid-19 virus particles at levels down to 1582 copies/ml generated infrared (IR) spectra with
good signal-to-noise ratio. At low copy numbers, the presence of virus particle was found to be capable of modifying the IR spectral signature of saliva, again with discriminating wavenumbers primarily associated with RNA. Discrimination was also achievable
following ATR-FTIR spectral analysis of swabs immersed in saliva variously spiked with virus. Following training and validation of a genetic algorithm-linear discriminant analysis (GA-LDA) algorithm, a blind sensitivity of 95% and specificity of 89% was achieved. |
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Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in Saint
Petersburg, Russia: a population-based study |
Barchuk, Anton, Skougarevskiy, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Immunology | Immunologie |
This study aims to estimate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Saint Petersburg, Russia accounting for non-response
bias. 66,250 individuals were contacted, 6,440 adults agreed to be interviewed and blood samples were obtained from 1,038 participants between May 27, 2020 and June 26, 2020. Naive seroprevalence corrected for test characteristics was 9.0% (7.2-10.8) by CMIA
and 10.5% (8.6-12.4) by ELISA. Correction for non-response decreased seroprevalence estimates to 7.4% (5.7-9.2) and 9.1% (7.2-10.9) for CMIA and ELISA, respectively. These results suggest that even low estimates of seroprevalence in Europe's fourth-largest
city can be an overestimation in the presence of non-response. Serosurvey design should attempt to identify characteristics that are associated both with participation and seropositivity. |
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A swift and dynamic strategy to expand emergency department capacity for COVID-19 |
Barten, DG, Kusters, et al |
Disaster Med Public Health Prep |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
In an effort to increase emergency departments (ED) capacity during the COVID-19 panedemic it was decided to merge
the acute medical unit (AMU) and the ED. The conjoined AMU-ED was segregated into a high-risk and a low-risk area to maintain continuity of emergency care.This report details on the technical execution and discusses the pearls and potential pitfalls of this
expansion strategy. Although ED preparedness for pandemics may be determined by local factors such as hospital size, ED census and primary healthcare efficacy, the conjoined AMU-ED strategy may be a potential model for other EDs. |
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Basawarajappa, SG, Rangaiah, et al |
Indian J Med Res |
Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes |
The objectives of the study were to validate the performance of Truenat Beta CoV and Truenat SARS-CoV-2 PoC assays
for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 infected cases with reference to analytical sensitivity, precision/inter-machine variation, clinical sensitivity and clinical specificity. Truenat Beta CoV and Truenat SARS-CoV-2 assays showed concordant results when compared
with the reference standard rRT-PCR. These PoC assays exhibited 100 per cent sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value. |
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COVID-Anosmia Checker: A rapid and low-cost alternative
tool for mass screening of COVID-19 |
Basu, Budhaditya, Riya, et al |
medRxiv |
Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes |
To quantitatively check for the loss of smell, we developed an odor strip, COVID-Anosmia checker, spotted with gradients
of coffee and lemon grass oil. We validated its efficiency in healthy and COVID-19 positive subjects. A trial screening to identify SARS-CoV-2 infected persons was also carried out to check the sensitivity and specificity of our screening tool. It was observed
that COVID positive participants were hyposmic instead of being anosmic when they were subjected to smelling higher odor concentration. Our tool identified 97% of symptomatic and 94% of asymptomatic COVID-19 positive subjects after excluding most confounding
factors like concurrent chronic sinusitis. Further, it was possible to reliably predict COVID-19 infection by calculating a loss of smell score with 100% specificity. We coupled this tool with a mobile application, which takes the input response from the user,
and can readily categorize the user in the appropriate risk groups. |
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Behera, Priyamadhaba, Patro, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
The study was aimed to explore the association between ivermectin prophylaxis and development of COVID-19 infection
among healthcare workers. Cases and controls were healthcare workers who tested positive and negative, respectively, for COVID-19 by RT-PCR. Exposure was defined as the intake of ivermectin and/or hydroxychloroquine and/or vitamin-C and/or other prophylaxis
for COVID-19. Ivermectin prophylaxis was taken by 77 controls and 38 cases. Two-dose ivermectin prophylaxis (0.27, 95% CI, 0.15-0.51) was associated with 73% reduction of COVID-19 infection among healthcare workers for the following one month, those who were
involved in physical activity (3.06 95% CI, 1.18-7.93) for more than an hour/day were more likely to contract COVID-19 infection. Type of household, COVID duty, single-dose ivermectin prophylaxis, vitamin-C prophylaxis and hydroxychloroquine prophylaxis were
not associated with COVID-19 infection. |
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Bello, M |
J Mol Graph Model |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
Recently, the 3D structure of SARS-CoV2 M(pro) was constructed based on the monomeric SARS-CoV M(pro) and employed
to identify potential approved small inhibitors against SARS-CoV2 M(pro), allowing the selection of 15 drugs among 1903 approved drugs to be employed. In this study, we performed docking of these 15 approved drugs against the recently solved X-ray crystallography
structure of SARS-CoV2 M(pro) in the monomeric and dimeric states; the latter is the functional state that was determined in a biological context, and these were submitted to molecular dynamics (MD) simulations coupled with the molecular mechanics generalized
Born surface area (MM/GBSA) approach to obtain insight into the inhibitory activity of these compounds. Similar studies were performed with lopinavir and ritonavir coupled to monomeric and dimeric SARS-CoV M(pro) and SARS-CoV2 M(pro) to compare the inhibitory
differences. Our study provides the structural and energetic basis of the inhibitory properties of lopinavir and ritonavir on SARS-CoV M(pro) and SARS-CoV2 M(pro), allowing us to identify two FDA-approved drugs that can be used against SARS-CoV2 M(pro). This
study also demonstrated that drug discovery requires the dimeric state to obtain good results. |
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CSF of SARS-CoV-2 patients with neurological syndromes
reveals hints to understand pathophysiology |
Bernard-Valnet, Raphael, Perriot, et al |
medRxiv |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Immunology | Immunologie |
In this study we aimed at determining whether neurological symptoms were caused by SARS-CoV-2 direct infection of by
pro-inflammatory mediators. We checked for SARS-CoV-2 RNA by RT-qPCR, SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies and for 48 cytokines/chemokines/growth factors (by Luminex) in the cerebrospinal fluids (CSF) +/- sera of a cohort of 17 COVID-19 patients with neurological
presentation and 55 neurological control patients (inflammatory IND], non inflammatory NIND], multiple sclerosis MS]). Results: We found SARS-CoV-2 RNA and antibodies specific for this virus in the CSF of 0/17 and 8/16 COVID-19 patients, respectively. The
presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was explained by a rupture of the blood brain barrier (passive transfer) in 6/16 (38%). An intrathecal synthesis of SARS-CoV2-specific antibodies was present in 2/16 patients. Interestingly, among COVID-19 patients, the CSF
of those with a severe disease (encephalitis/encephalopathy) contained higher levels CXCL8 and CXCL10 than those with other neurological presentations. Our results do not show obvious SARS-CoV-2 infection of the central nervous system, but point to a mild
inflammatory reaction reflecting an astrocytic reaction. |
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Modelling the active SARS-CoV-2 helicase complex as
a basis for structure-based inhibitor design |
Berta, Dénes, Badaoui, et al |
bioRxiv |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
We present here structural insights and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation results of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA helicase both
in its apo form and in complex with its natural substrates. |
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Personalized Prescription of ACEI/ARBs for Hypertensive
COVID-19 Patients |
Bertsimas, Dimitris, Borenstein, et al |
medRxiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Clinical data| Données cliniques Therapeutics|
Thérapeutique |
We couple electronic medical record (EMR) and registry data of 3,643 patients from Spain, Italy, Germany, Ecuador,
and the US with a machine learning framework to personalize the prescription of ACEIs and ARBs to hypertensive COVID-19 patients. Our approach leverages clinical and demographic information to identify hospitalized individuals whose probability of mortality
or morbidity can decrease by prescribing this class of drugs. In particular, the algorithm proposes increasing ACEI/ARBs prescriptions for patients with cardiovascular disease and decreasing prescriptions for those with low oxygen saturation at admission.
We show that personalized recommendations can improve patient outcomes by 1.0% compared to the standard of care when applied to external populations. |
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Household Transmission of SARS-COV-2: Insights from
a Population-based Serological Survey |
Bi, Qifang, Lessler, et al |
medRxiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Transmission
Immunology | Immunologie |
To estimate the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection from household and community exposures, and identify key risk factors
for transmission and infection a household serosurvey and transmission model was used in Geneva, Switzerland. This study included 4,524 household members five years and older from 2,267 households enrolled April-June 2020. The chance of being infected by a
single SARS-CoV-2 infected household member was 17.2% (95%CrI 13.6-21.5%) compared to a cumulative extra-household infection risk of 5.1% (95%CrI 4.5-5.8%). Infection risk from an infected household member increased with age, from 7.5% (95%CrI 1.3-20.3%) among
5-9 years to 30.2% (95%CrI 14.3-48.2%) among those ≥65 years. Working-age adults (20-49 years) had the highest extra-household infection risk. Seropositive household members not reporting symptoms had 74.8% lower odds (95%CrI 43.8-90.3%) of infecting another
household member compared to those reporting symptoms, accounting for 19.6% (95%CrI 12.9-24.5%) of all household infections. |
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Bjornstad, EC, Krallman, et al |
Clin J Am Soc Nephrol |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We are conducting a multicenter, point-prevalence acute kidney injury (AKI) study among critically ill children with
COVID-19. This interim analysis includes children (1 month to 18 years) from 41 centers (six countries; 32 in the United States) with confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2–positive diagnosis (on the basis of center testing protocols) admitted
to intensive care units (ICUs) between April 15 and May 20, 2020. Only 26 of 41 (63%) centers (23 in the United States, three in Europe/Russia) had critically ill children who were COVID-19 positive during our catchment days. Of 106 included children, almost
half (n=47; 44%; 95% CI, 35% to 54%) developed AKI: 47% (n=22) had stage 1, 23% (n=11) had stage 2, and 30% (n=14) had stage 3. No child received dialysis. |
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Bor, Renáta, Szántó, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
This study aimed to determine the effect of current pandemic on the workflow and infection prevention and control strategies
of endoscopy units in real-life setting. All members of Hungarian Society of Gastroenterology were invited between 7 and 17 April 2020 to participate in this cross-section survey study and to complete an online, anonymous questionnaire. Total of 120 endoscopists
from 83 institutes were enrolled of which 35.83% worked in regions with high cumulative incidence of COVID-19. While indications of examinations in low risk patients varied widely, in high-risk or positive patients endoscopy was limited to gastrointestinal
bleeding (95.00%), removal of foreign body from esophagus (87.50%), management of obstructive jaundice (72.50%) and biliary pancreatitis (67.50%). Personal protective equipment fully complied with European guideline only in 67.50% of cases. Survey found large
variability in indications of endoscopy and relative weak compliance to national and international practical recommendations in terms of protective equipment. |
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The 'Great Lockdown': Inactive Workers and Mortality by COVID-19 |
Borri, Nicola, Drago, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health interventions*| Interventions de sant&eacute;
publique |
This paper estimates the causal effect of this measure on mortality by Covid-19 and on mobility patterns. The identification
of the causal effect exploits the variation in the number of active workers across municipalities induced by the economic lockdown. Our results show that the intensity of the economic lockdown is associated to a statistically significant reduction in mortality
by Covid-19 and, in particular, for age groups between 30-64 and older. Back of the envelope calculations indicate that 4,793 deaths were avoided, in the 26 days between April 5 to April 30, in the 3,518 municipalities which experienced a more intense lockdown. |
|
Browning, Raiha, Sulem, et al |
medRxiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
This paper evaluates the capability of discrete-time Hawkes processes by retrospectively modelling daily counts of
deaths as two distinct phases in the progression of the COVID-19 outbreak: the initial stage of exponential growth and the subsequent decline as preventative measures become effective. We consider various countries that have been adversely affected by the
epidemic, namely, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Italy, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States. These countries are all unique concerning the spread of the virus and their corresponding response measures, in particular, the types and
timings of preventative actions. However, we find that this simple model is useful in accurately capturing the dynamics of the process, despite hidden interactions that are not directly modelled due to their complexity, and differences both within and between
countries |
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Cadegiani, FlavioA, Goren, et al |
medRxiv |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
The objective of the present study was to elucidate whether the conduction of a full placebo-control RCT for COVID-19
therapeutics was still ethically viable, through a comparative analysis with two control-groups. Active group (AG) consisted of mild-to-moderate early stage COVID-19 patients enrolled in the Pre AndroCoV-Trial, treated with nitazoxanide, ivermectin, or hydroxychloroquine
in selected cases, in association with azithromycin, vitamin D, vitamin C, zinc, glucocorticoids and anticoagulants, when clinically recommended. Control Group 1 (CG1) consisted of a retrospectively obtained group of untreated patients from the same population
as those from the Pre-AndroCoV Trial, and Control Group 2 (CG2) resulted from a precise prediction of clinical outcomes, based on a thorough and structured review of articles indexed in PubMed and MEDLINE and statements by official government agencies and
specific medical societies. Compared to CG1 and CG2, AG showed a reduction of 31.5 to 36.5% in viral shedding (p < 0.0001), 70 to 85% and 70 to 73% in duration of COVID-19 clinical symptoms when including and not including anosmia and ageusia, respectively
((p < 0.0001 for both), and 100% in respiratory complications through the parameters of the Brescia COVID-19 Respiratory Scale (p < 0.0001). For every 1,000 confirmed cases for COVID-19, a minimum of 140 patients were prevented from hospitalization (p < 0.0001),
50 from mechanical ventilation, and five deaths, when comparing to age-, sex- and comorbidity-matched non-treated patients with similar initial disease severity at the moment of diagnosis. |
|
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Cadegiani, FlavioA, Goren, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
The objective of the present study was to elucidate whether the conduction of a full placebo-control RCT was still
ethically viable, through a comparative analysis with two control-groups. Active group (AG) consisted of mild-to-moderate early stage COVID-19 patients enrolled in the Pre AndroCoV-Trial, treated with nitazoxanide ivermectin, or hydroxychloroquine in selected
cases, in association with azithromycin. Vitamin D, vitamin C, zinc, glucocorticoids and anticoagulants, when clinically recommended. Control Group 1 (CG1) consisted of a retrospectively obtained group of untreated patients from the same population as those
from the Pre-AndroCoV Trial, and Control Group 2 (CG2). Compared to CG1 and CG2, AG showed a reduction of 31.5 to 36.5% in viral shedding (p < 0.0001), 70 to 85% and 70 to 73% in duration of COVID-19 clinical symptoms when including and not including anosmia
and ageusia, respectively ((p < 0.0001 for both), and 100% in respiratory complications through the parameters of the Brescia COVID-19 Respiratory Scale (p < 0.0001). Apparent benefits of the combination between early detection and early pharmacological approaches
for COVID-19 demonstrated to be consistent when when compared to different control groups of untreated patients. |
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Recurrent recurrence of positive SARS-CoV-2 RNA in a COVID-19 patient |
Cao, Shugang, Wu, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Immunology | Immunologie |
Herein, we report a rare COVID-19 patient with recurrent recurrence of positive SARS-CoV-2 RNA. A 68-year-old man was
admitted due to fever, muscle pain, and fatigue. He was initially diagnosed with COVID-19 according to two consecutive positive results for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. He was discharged from hospital when meeting the discharge criteria. He tested positive for SARS-CoV-2
RNA twice during the quarantine and was hospitalized again. He was asymptomatic then, but IgG and IgM anti-SARS-CoV-2 were both positive. He was discharged in the context of four consecutive negative test results for SARS-CoV-2 RNA after antiviral treatment.
However, he tested positive once again on the 3rd and 4th days after the second discharge. Two days later, the SARS-CoV-2 RNA results became negative in three consecutive retests, and he was finally discharged. This case suggests that convalescent patients
may become positive again for SARS-CoV-2 RNA after discharge due to prolonged nucleic acid transition. |
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Headache: A striking prodromal and persistent symptom, predictive of COVID-19 clinical
evolution |
Caronna, E, Ballvé, et al |
Cephalalgia |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Long-Term Sequelae |
|
This study aimed to define headache characteristics and evolution in relation to COVID-19 and its inflammatory response.
Headache associated with COVID-19 is a frequent symptom, predictive of a shorter COVID-19 clinical course. Disabling headache can persist after COVID-19 resolution. |
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SARS-CoV-2 detection by nasal strips: a superior
tool for surveillance of pediatric populations |
Chan, ReneeWY, Chan, et al |
medRxiv |
Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes |
We introduced nasal strip as an easy and low-risk collection method as an alternative to deep throat saliva (DTS) and
pooled nasopharyngeal swab and throat swab (NPSTS) . Nasal strip is a reliable and non-invasive sampling method for SARS-CoV-2 detection, and viral detection remains stable for at least 72 hours. It can be used as an alternative tool for community-based surveillance. |
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COVID-19 and Parkinson's Disease: Shared Inflammatory Pathways Under Oxidative Stress |
Chaudhry, ZL, Klenja, et al |
Brain Sci |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
In the current study, using in silico and in vitro methods, we sought to investigate whether NFκB-associated inflammatory
pathways following oxidative stress in SARS-CoV-2 and Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients are correlated. The results indicated that SARS-CoV-2 infection and 6-hydroxydopamine (6OHDA)-induced toxicity triggered stimulation of caspases-2, -3 and -8 via the NFκB
pathway resulting in the death of dopamine-containing neurons (dDCNs). The findings suggest that knowledge of the selective inhibition of caspases and NFκB activation may contribute to the development of potential therapeutic approaches for the treatment
of COVID-19 and PD. |
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Blood molecular markers associated with COVID-19 immunopathology and multi-organ
damage |
Chen, YM, Zheng, et al |
Embo j |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Immunology | Immunologie |
To understand host responses to COVID‐19 pathophysiology, we combined transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics
to identify molecular markers in peripheral blood and plasma samples of 66 COVID‐19 patients experiencing a range of disease severities and 17 healthy controls. Differences were observed between patients with severe disease progression and COVID‐19 patients
experiencing milder disease symptoms . Finally, we identified genes, proteins and exRNAs as potential biomarkers that might assist in predicting the prognosis of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. |
|
Cheng, Russell, Dye, et al |
medRxiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Transmission |
This paper considers SEPIR, the extension of an existing parametric SEIR continuous simulation compartment model, that
deploys an additional presymptomatic (also called asymptomatic) infectious stage that is not included in SEIR but which is known to exist in COVID-19. This paper also discusses the issue that the parameters of both models will have to be time dependent in
order to to represent more than just a single period in the behaviour of the epidemic. A numerical example using Swiss observational data is given. |
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Cheung, Chun Chau Lawrence, Goh, et al |
medRxiv |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Using multiplex immunohistochemistry, we unexpectedly detected SARS-CoV-2 viral antigens in intestinal and liver tissues,
in surgical samples obtained from two patients who recovered from COVID-19. We further validated the presence of virus by RT-PCR and flow cytometry to detect SARS-CoV-2-specific immunity in the tissues. These findings might have important implications in terms
of disease management and public health policy regarding transmission of COVID-19 via faecal-oral and iatrogenic routes during the convalescence phase. |
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Chou, WP, Wang, et al |
Int J Environ Res Public Health |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
This study aimed to determine the proportion of individuals who voluntarily reduced interaction with their family members,
friends, and colleagues or classmates to avoid coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and the associations of reduced social interaction with perceived social support during the COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan. The present study revealed that despite strict
social distancing measures not being implemented in Taiwan, more than one-third of respondents voluntarily reduced their interaction with friends and colleagues or classmates. The general public should be encouraged to maintain social contacts through appropriately
distanced in-person visits and telecommunication. |
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A COVID-19 Hotspot Area: Activities and Epidemiological Findings |
Cito, F, Amato, et al |
Microorganisms |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques Immunology | Immunologie |
Epidemiological investigation and sampling were performed, to evaluate SARS-CoV-2 circulation and the presence of SARS-CoV-2
antibodies, 22 days after the declaration of a hotspot in an area registering an incidence rate of COVID-19 cases ten times greater than the overall municipality. The overall seroprevalence was 10.9% while only one resident of the village resulted in being
positive for RNA viral shedding, Investigations showed a low SARS-CoV-2 circulation in the village at the time of the sampling, demonstrating virus transmission could be limited when strict emergency measures are followed. |
|
Clark, LaurenK, Green, et al |
bioRxiv |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
Because of the importance of nonstructural protein 1 (nsp1) in the CoV lifecycle, it has been highlighted as a viable
target for both antiviral therapy and vaccine development. Here we report the high-resolution crystal structure of the amino, globular portion of SARS-CoV-2 nsp1 (residues 10-127) at 1.77 Å resolution. Paired with the recently published structure of the carboxyl
end of nsp1 (residues 148-180), our results provide the groundwork for future studies focusing on SARS-CoV-2 nsp1 structure and function during the viral lifecycle. |
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|
Cleary, Susan May, Wilkinson, et al |
medRxiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins
de santé Economics | Économie |
Objective To assess the cost-effectiveness of ICU management for admitted COVID-19 patients across the public and private
health sector in South Africa. This study indicated that purchasing additional ICU capacity from the private sector may not be a cost-effective use of limited health resources. The ‘real time’, rapid, pragmatic, and transparent nature of this analysis demonstrates
a potential approach for further evidence generation for decision making relating to the COVID-19 pandemic response and South Africa’s wider priority setting agenda. |
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Coleman, H, Tikka, et al |
J Laryngol Otol |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
This paper details our management of a patient who tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2
days before curative surgery for laryngeal cancer. |
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Contejean, Adrien, Leporrier, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Transmission Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de
santé |
In this case-control study on 564 healthcare workers of a university hospital in Paris (France), contacts without protection
with COVID-19 patients or with colleagues were associated with infection with SARS-CoV-2, while working in a COVID-dedicated unit, using public transportation and having children kept in childcare facilities were not. |
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Antiviral activity of plant juices and green tea against
SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus in vitro |
Conzelmann, Carina, Weil, et al |
bioRxiv |
Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
We here analyzed the potential of plant derived products to inactivate SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus in vitro. We
found that black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) juice, pomegranate (Punica granatum) juice, and green tea (Camellia sinensis) have virucidal activity against both viruses, suggesting that oral rinsing may reduce viral loads in the oral cavity thereby lowering
virus transmission. |
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Cooper, DanielJ, Lear, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé Immunology
| Immunologie |
We conducted a prospective sero-epidemiological study of HCWs at a UK teaching hospital using a SARS-CoV-2 immunoassay.
Risk factors for seropositivity were analysed using multivariate logistic regression. Risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection amongst HCWs is heterogeneous and influenced by COVID-19 working location, role, age and ethnicity. Increased risk amongst Black, Asian and minority
ethnic staff cannot be accounted for solely by occupational factors. |
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Delmas, C, Plu-Bureau, et al |
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques Immunology | Immunologie |
This editorial reports the finding of the study that investigated the prevalence of antibodies IgG against SARS-CoV-2
among all HCW in the Paris centre University hospital. And also determined the correspondence between RT-PCR test and serology, and compared seroprevalence with European countries. Of 5021 present workers at study period, 4607 were included (91.8%). The mean
age was 41.8 years-old [SD 12.6]. There were 75% females. Overall, the prevalence of IgG antibodies was of 11.5% (10.6-12.4; 95%CI). It was significantly higher (13%) for paramedical staff (p=0.04). Age and gender did not differ significantly according to
seroprevalence. |
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Risk factors for outcomes of COVID-19 patients: an
observational study of 795 572 patients in Russia |
Demkina, AlexandraE, Morozov, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
This study investigated the impact of factors including whether COVID-19 was clinically or laboratory-diagnosed, influenza
vaccination, former or current tuberculosis, HIV, and other comorbidities on the hospitalized patients' outcomes. This study enrolled 705,572 COVID-19 patients aged from 0 to 121 years, 50.4% females. 1541,377 participants were included in the study, 413,950
(76.5%) of them had laboratory-verified COVID-19, and 127,427 patients (23.5%) with the clinical verification. Influenza vaccination reduced the risk of transfer to the ICU (OR 0.76), mechanical ventilation requirement (OR 0.74), and the risk of death (HR
0.77). TB increased the mortality risk (HR 1.74) but reduced the likelihood of transfer to the ICU (OR 0.27). HIV comorbidity significantly increased the risks of transfer to the ICU (OR 2.46) and death (HR 1.60). Patients with the clinically verified COVID-19
had a shorter duration of hospital stay (HR 1.45) but a higher risk of mortality (HR 1.08) and the likelihood of being ventilated (OR 1.36). According to the previously published data, age, male sex, endocrine disorders, and cardiovascular diseases increased
the length of hospital stay, the risk of death, and transfer to the ICU. |
|
Deressa, Wakgari, Worku, et al |
medRxiv |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
This cross-sectional study assessed the availability of PPE and satisfaction of HCPs in six public hospitals in Addis
Ababa, Ethiopia. An overall shortage of PPE was reported in all study hospitals. The majority (77%) of the healthcare professionals reported that their hospital did not have adequate PPE. A critical shortage of N95 respirator was particularly reported, the
self-reported availability of N95 increased from 13% to 24% before and during COVID-19, respectively. The self-reported use of N95 increased from 9% to 21% before and during COVID-19, respectively. Almost 72% of the respondents were dissatisfied with the availability
of PPE in their hospital. |
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Deressa, Wakgari, Worku, et al |
medRxiv |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
This cross-sectional study assessed the level of risk perception and practices of preventive measures of COVID-19 among
health workers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A total of 1,134 participants were surveyed. Wearing facemask (93%), hand washing for at least 20 seconds (93%), covering mouth and nose while coughing or sneezing (91%), and avoiding touching eyes, nose, and mouth
(91%) were the commonly self-reported preventive practices. About 88% perceived that they were worried about the risk of becoming infected with coronavirus, and majority (91%) worried about the risk of infection to their family. The mean score of overall fear
and worry of COVID-19 was 2.37 on a scale of 1 to 3. Respondents who ever provided clinical care to COVID-19 patients were more likely to report fear and worry (adjusted OR=1.34, 95% |
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Dogra, Prashant, Ruiz-Ramirez, et al |
medRxiv |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Immunology | Immunologie |
This study examined the SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and population susceptibility to infection in order to develop effective
disease management strategies. And used mathematical modeling - a robust in silico tool to understand COVID-19 pathophysiology and the in vivo dynamics of SARS-CoV-2. Developed a multiscale mechanistic model for simulating the time-dependent evolution of viral
load distribution in susceptible organs of the body. Following calibration with in vivo and clinical data, the authors used the model to simulate viral load progression in a virtual patient with varying degrees of compromised immune status. Further, to understand
the effects of physiological factors and underlying conditions on viral load dynamics, conducted global sensitivity analysis of model parameters and ranked them for their significance in governing clearance of viral load from the body. Antiviral drug therapy,
interferon therapy, and their combination was simulated to study the effects on viral load kinetics of SARS-CoV-2. The model highlights the importance of innate immunity (interferons and resident macrophages) in controlling viral load, and the significance
of timing when initiating therapy following infection. |
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|
Dono, F, Carrarini, et al |
Neurol Sci |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
The 2019 new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel respiratory virus which has increasingly spread all over the world.
Although the predominant clinical presentation is represented by respiratory symptoms, neurological manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 is being increasingly recognized. In the present report, we present a case of post SARS-CoV-2 autoimmune encephalitis associated
with a new-onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE). |
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Dryden-Peterson, Scott, Velásquez, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health interventions*| Interventions de sant&eacute;
publique |
This study examined the alignment of testing with epidemic intensity to mitigate subsequent waves of COVID-19 in Massachusetts.
Defined testing intensity as weekly SARS-CoV-2 tests performed per 100,000 population and used weekly test positivity (percent of tests positive) as a measure of epidemic intensity. During the observation period, 4,262,000 tests were reported in Massachusetts
and the misalignment of testing with epidemic intensity increased. The weekly testing gap increased 9.0% per week. Increasing levels of community socioeconomic vulnerability and the highest quartile of minority and language vulnerability were associated with
increased testing gaps, but the latter association was not statistically significant. Presence of large university student population (>10% of population) was associated with a marked decrease in testing gap . These analyses indicate that despite objectives
to promote equity and enhance epidemic control in vulnerable communities, testing resources across Massachusetts have been disproportionally allocated to more affluent communities. |
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Dunleavy, Lesley, Preston, et al |
medRxiv |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
This study mapped out specialist palliative care services innovations and practice changes in response to COVID-19
(CovPall). 458 respondents: 277 UK, 85 Europe (except UK), 95 World (except UK and Europe), 1 missing country. 54.8% provided care across 2+ settings; 47.4% hospital palliative care teams, 57% in-patient palliative care units, and 57% home palliative care
teams. The crisis context meant services implemented rapid changes. Changes involved streamlining, extending and increasing outreach of services, using technology to facilitate communication, and implementing staff wellbeing innovations. Barriers included;
fear and anxiety, duplication of effort, information overload, funding, and IT infrastructure issues. Enablers included; collaborative teamwork, pooling of staffing resources, staff flexibility, a pre-existing IT infrastructure and strong leadership. |
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Family Medicine Practitioners’ Stress During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional
Survey |
Dutour, Marion, Kirchhoff, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Mental Health |
|
Our objective was to estimate the self-perception of stress at the beginning of the pandemic in France, among GPs from
the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (AuRA), a french administrative area severely impacted by COVID-19, and to identify which factors may have modulated this perception. We conducted an online cross-sectional survey between 8th of April to 10th of May 2020. The self-perception
of stress was evaluated using the 10-item Perceived Stress Score (PSS-10). Overall, 898 individual answers were collected. A total of 437 GPs (49%) were stressed (PSS≥27), and 283 GPs (32%) had a very high level of stress (PSS≥30). Perceived stress was associated
with multiple components, and involved classic psychosocial risk factors such as emotional requirements: 415 GPs (49%) were affected by patient anxiety (OR=3.41, 95%CI 1.87-6.36], p<0.001). But in this context of health crisis, the main determinant of GPs’
stress appears to be the diversity and quantity of information from diverse sources (614 GPs (69%, OR=2.21, 95%CI 1.40-3.50], p<0.001). The first COVID-19 wave was stressful for AuRA’s GPs. One of the main determinants seems to be the diversity and quantity
of information received from the health authorities. |
|
Erukainure, OL, Atolani, et al |
J Biomol Struct Dyn |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
In this study, the therapeutic potential of a new iridoid glycoside isolated from the leaves of Clerodendrum volubile
against COVID-19 was investigated. Harpagide 5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (HG) was isolated, characterised and investigated for its druglikeness, optimized geometry, and pharmacokinetics properties. In silico analysis was used in determining its molecular interaction
with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-COV-2). HG displayed potent druglikeness properties, with no inhibitory effect on cytochrome P(450) (1A2, 2C19, 2C9, 2D6 and 3A4) and a predicted LD(50) of 2000 mg/kg. Its (1)H-NMR chemical shifts
showed a little deviation of 0.01 and 0.11 ppm for H-4 and H-9, respectively. HG significantly suppressed oxidative bursts in PMNs, while concomitantly inhibiting T-cell proliferation. It also displayed a very strong binding affinity with the translation initiation
and termination sequence sites of spike (S) protein mRNA of SARS-COV-2, its gene product, and host ACE2 receptor. |
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Experton, Bettina, Tetteh, et al |
medRxiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health
interventions*| Interventions de sant&eacute; publique |
This study presents an integrated multi-factor risk model for severe Covid-19 using de-identified Medicare claims from
which demographic and clinical data for a cohort of 15 million Medicare beneficiaries with 770,000 Covid-19 cases, and socio-economic data at the county and zip code level from the CDC Social Vulnerability Index were extracted. The model affirms ethnicity
(Black: OR 1.64; 95% CI 1.61-1.68, American Indian: OR 2.21; 95% CI 2.01-2.42), age over 85 (OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.69-1.81), the socio-economic factor of residing in a zip code in the lowest quartile of income (OR 1.23; 95% CI 1.21-1.26), ESRD (OR 2.35; 95% CI
2.25-2.45) and chronic lung disease (OR 1.95; 95% CI 1.90-2.00) as leading risk factors for Covid-19 hospitalizations, but reveals low risk for COPD (OR 1.15; 95% CI 1.13 -1.17) and minimal or no risk for diabetes (OR 1.03; CI 1.01-1.05), CHF (OR 1.10, 95%
CI 1.08-1.12) or hypertension (OR 0.96; 95% CI 0.94-0.98), and demonstrates an association between prior herpes zoster immunization (OR 0.74; 95% CI 0.71-0.77), and to a lesser degree prior influenza and pneumococcal vaccines with less severe Covid-19. |
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Fagard, Katleen, Gielen, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques Healthcare Response |
Réponse des soins de santé |
A retrospective analysis was performed to investigate whether typical geriatric risk factors, such as frailty, comorbidity,
living situation and cognitive decline, have added value compared to conventional risk factors in predicting severe COVID-19 disease and in-hospital death. In patients aged 70 years and over, an online geriatric assessment questionnaire was launched, from
which the CFS was scored by the geriatrics team. Additional clinical data were collected from the electronic medical records.One hundred and five patients were included, median age 82 years. CFS scores were 1-4 in 43, 5-6 in 45, and 7-9 in 17 patients. Univariable
analysis showed age, CFS, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), age-adjusted CCI and cognitive decline associated with in-hospital mortality. A retrospective analysis shows that geriatric risk factors exceed conventional risk factors for predicting in-hospital
mortality. |
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|
Farrell, RJ, O'Regan, et al |
Ir J Med Sci |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
This study describes the organisational challenges faced in managing the surge and identified risk factors for mortality
and ICU admission among hospitalised SARS-CoV-2-infected patients.Of 257 inpatients, 174 were discharged (68%) and 39 died (15%) in hospital. Two hundred three (79%) patients presented from the community, 34 (13%) from care homes and 20 (8%) were existing
inpatients. Forty-five percent of community patients were of a non-Irish White or Black, Asian or minority ethnic (BAME) population, including 34 Roma (13%) compared to 3% of care home and 5% of existing inpatients, (p < 0.001). Twenty-two patients were healthcare
workers (9%). Of 31 patients (12%) requiring ICU admission, 18 were discharged (58%) and 7 died (23%). Being overweight/obese HR (95% CI) 3.09 (1.32, 7.23), p = 0.009; a care home resident 2.68 (1.24, 5.6), p = 0.012; socioeconomically deprived 1.05 (1.01,
1.09), p = 0.012; and older 1.04 (1.01, 1.06), p = 0.002 were significantly associated with death. Non-Irish White or BAME were not significantly associated with death 1.31 (0.28, 6.22), p = 0.63 but were significantly associated with ICU admission 4.38 (1.38,
14.2), p = 0.014 as was being overweight/obese 2.37 (1.37, 6.83), p = 0.01. |
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Favalli, Ennio Giulio, Bugatti, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Therapeutics| Thérapeutique Immunology | Immunologie |
The aim of the study is to investigate the impact of glucocorticoids and immunosuppressive agents on COVID-19 in a
large cohort of patients with chronic immune-mediated inflammatory arthritis. The study population included 2050 adults with chronic inflammatory arthritis receiving glucocorticoids, conventional-synthetic (cs), or targeted-synthetic/biological (ts/b) disease-modifying
drugs (DMARDs). Laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 and highly suspicious infection were recorded in 1.1% and 1.4% of the population, respectively. Treatment with glucocorticoids was independently associated with increased risk of COVID-19 (adjusted OR 95% CI] ranging
from 1.23 1.04-1.44] to 3.20 1.97-5.18] depending on the definition used). Conversely, patients treated with ts/bDMARDs were at reduced risk (adjusted OR ranging from 0.46 0.18-1.21] to 0.47 0.46-0.48]). During the COVID-19 outbreak, treatment with immunomodulatory
medications appears safe. |
|
|
Fazio, RussellH, Ruisch, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health interventions*| Interventions de sant&eacute;
publique Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
This research examined the effectiveness of social distancing at the level of the individual. Four months after participating
in a study assessing their social distancing behavior, 2,120 participants indicated whether they had contracted COVID-19. The assessment of social distancing involved not only a self-report measure of how strictly participants had followed social distancing
recommendations, but also a series of virtual behavior measures of social distancing. These simulations presented participants with graphical depictions mirroring specific real-world scenarios, asking them to position themselves in relation to others in the
scene. Individual social distancing behavior, particularly as assessed by the virtual behavior measure, predicted whether they contracted COVID-19 during the intervening four months. |
|
|
Fenwick, C, Croxatto, et al |
J Virol |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Immunology | Immunologie |
This study evaluated SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody responses to the Spike (S) protein monomer, S protein native trimeric
form or the nucleocapsid (N) proteins in cohorts of individuals with acute infection (n=93) and in individuals enrolled in a post-infection seroprevalence population study (n=578) in Switzerland. Commercial assays specific for the S1 monomer, for the N protein
and a newly developed Luminex assay using the S protein trimer were found to be equally sensitive in antibody detection in the acute infection phase samples. Interestingly, as compared to anti-S antibody responses, those against the N protein appear to wane
in the post-infection cohort. Seroprevalence in a 'positive patient contacts' group (n=177) was underestimated by N protein assays by 10.9 to 32.2% and the 'random selected' general population group (n=311) was reduced up to 45% reduction relative to S protein
assays. The overall reduction in seroprevalence targeting only anti-N antibodies for the total cohort ranged from 9.4 to 31%. Of note, the use of the S protein in its native trimer form was significantly more sensitive as compared to monomeric S proteins. |
|
|
Subsidizing the Spread of COVID19: Evidence from the Uk's Eat-Out-To-Help-Out Scheme |
Fetzer, Thiemo |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
This paper documents that a large-scale government subsidy aimed at encouraging people to eat out in restaurants in
the wake of the first 2020 COVID19 wave in the United Kingdom has had a large causal impact in accelerating the subsequent second COVID19 wave. The scheme subsidized 50% off the cost of food and non-alcoholic drinks for an unlimited number of visits in participating
restaurants on Mondays-Wednesdays from August 3 to August 31, 2020. Areas with higher take-up saw both, a notable increase in new COVID19 infection clusters within a week of the scheme starting, and again, a deceleration in infections within two weeks of the
program ending. Areas that exhibit notable rainfall during the prime lunch and dinner hours on days the scheme was active record lower infection incidence - a pattern that is also measurable in mobility data - and non-detectable on days during which the discount
was not available or for rainfall outside the core lunch and dinner hours. A back of the envelope calculation suggests that the program is accountable for between 8 to 17 percent of all new local infection clusters during that time period. |
|
Filbin, MichaelR, Mehta, et al |
bioRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
This study uncover COVID-19 host immune and non-immune proteins by analyzing several thousand plasma proteins in 306
COVID-19 patients and 78 symptomatic controls over serial timepoints using two complementary approaches. Integration of plasma proteomics with nine published scRNAseq datasets shows that SARS-CoV-2 infection upregulates monocyte/macrophage, plasmablast, and
T cell effector proteins. By comparing patients who died to severely ill patients who survived, we identify dynamic immunomodulatory and tissue-associated proteins associated with survival, providing insights into which host responses are beneficial and which
are detrimental to survival. We identify intracellular death signatures from specific tissues and cell types, and by associating these with angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression, we map tissue damage associated with severe disease and propose which
damage results from direct viral infection rather than from indirect effects of illness. We find that disease severity in lung tissue is driven by myeloid cell phenotypes and cell-cell interactions with lung epithelial cells and T cells. |
|
|
Flisiak, Robert, Zarebska-Michaluk, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
This retrospective, observational study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of Remdesivir (RDV) in patients with
COVID-19 in real world settings. Significantly higher rates of clinical improvement, by 15% and 10% respectively, were observed after RDV treatment compared to LPV/r at days 21 and 28. The difference between regimens increased with worsening of oxygen saturation
(SpO2) and depending on the baseline score from the ordinal scale. Statistically significant differences supporting RDV were also noted regarding the rate of no clinical improvement within 28 days of hospitalization and hospitalization duration in patients
with baseline SpO2 ≤90%. In the logistic regression model only the administration of remdesivir was independently associated with at least a 2-point improvement in the ordinal scale between baseline and day 21. |
|
|
Eosinophilia in critically ill COVID-19 patients: a French monocenter retrospective
study |
Fraissé, M, Logre, et al |
Crit Care |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
This study assessed the incidence and described eosinophilia in critically ill COVID-19 patients, as well as compared
the outcome between patients developing or not eosinophilia during their ICU stay. Among 78 patients, 69 (88%) had eosinopenia at ICU admission and 26 (33%, 95% confidence interval 23–45%) developed eosinophilia during ICU stay. Among the 26 patients who developed
eosinophilia, 22 (85%) had eosinopenia at ICU admission. Eosinophilia occurred 19 [13–28] days after ICU admission and lasted 5 [3–12] days. |
|
Frenkel, L, Gomez, et al |
Allergy Asthma Proc |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
This report examined the current evidence that supports the etiopathogenesis of COVID-19 in children and the relationship
of COVID-19 with KD and MIS-C as a basis for a better understanding of the clinical course, diagnosis, and management of these clinically perplexing conditions. The pathogenesis of COVID-19 is carried out in two distinct but overlapping phases of COVID-19:
the first triggered by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) itself and the second by the host immune response. Children with KD have fewer of the previously described COVID-19-associated KD features with less prominent acute respiratory
distress syndrome and shock than children with MIS-C. |
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|
Outcomes of COVID-19 in Patients With a History of Cancer and Comorbid Cardiovascular
Disease |
Ganatra, S, Dani, et al |
J Natl Compr Canc Netw |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
This research studied the outcomes in patients with COVID-19 with both cancer and comorbid CVD. Multivariable analysis
identified cancer as an independent predictor of COVID-19-associated severe disease among all infected patients. Patients with cancer were more likely to develop COVID-19-associated severe disease than were those without cancer (hazard ratio HR], 2.02; 95%
CI, 1.53-2.68; P<.001). Furthermore, patients with both cancer and CVD had a higher likelihood of COVID-19-associated severe disease compared with those with either cancer (HR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.11-3.10; P=.02) or CVD (HR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.21-2.66; P=.004) alone.
Patients died more frequently if they had both cancer and CVD compared with either cancer (35% vs 17%; P=.004) or CVD (35% vs 21%; P=.009) alone. Arrhythmias and encephalopathy were also more frequent in patients with both cancer and CVD compared with those
with cancer alone. |
|
In Vitro Antiviral Activity of Doxycycline against SARS-CoV-2 |
Gendrot, M, Andreani, et al |
Molecules |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
This in vitro study explored the antiviral effects of doxycycline on SARS-CoV-2. Doxycycline showed in vitro activity
on Vero E6 cells infected with a clinically isolated SARS-CoV-2 strain (IHUMI-3) with median effective concentration (EC(50)) of 4.5 ± 2.9 µM, compatible with oral uptake and intravenous administrations. Doxycycline interacted both on SARS-CoV-2 entry and
in replication after virus entry. Besides its in vitro antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2, doxycycline has anti-inflammatory effects by decreasing the expression of various pro-inflammatory cytokines and could prevent co-infections and superinfections due
to broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. Doxycycline could be a potential partner of COVID-19 therapies however further research is required. |
|
The power and limitations of genomics to track COVID-19
outbreaks: a case study from New Zealand |
Geoghegan, JemmaL, Douglas, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Surveillance Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
During this August outbreak, New Zealand utilised genomic sequencing in a primary role to support its track and trace
efforts for the first time, leading to a second successful elimination of the virus. Genomic sequencing was able to rapidly identify that the new COVID-19 cases in New Zealand belonged to a single cluster and hence resulted from a single introduction. However,
successful identification of the origin of this outbreak was impeded by substantial biases and gaps in global sequencing data. |
|
Ghosh, R, Chakraborty, et al |
J Biomol Struct Dyn |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
This study adopted various in-silico approaches to examine if these phytochemicals exhibit any inhibitory effect on
SARS CoV-2 Mpro. Diterpenoids and biflavonoids those qualified pharmacological test (hinokiol, amentoflavone, bilobetin and ginkgetin) and two well-known Mpro inhibitors (N3 and lopinavir) were subjected for molecular docking studies. Only three biflavonoids
(amentoflavone, bilobetin and ginkgetin) were selected by comparing their binding affinities with N3 and lopinavir. They interacted with two most important catalytic residues of Mpro (His41 and Cys145). Molecular dynamics studies further revealed that these
three Mpro-biflavonoid complexes are highly stable and share a similar degree of compactness. Besides, these complexes experience less conformational fluctuations and more expansion than Mpro-N3 and/or Mpro-lopinavir complex. MM-GBSA and H-bond analysis further
corroborated these findings. |
|
|
Gianfrancesco, MA, Leykina, et al |
Arthritis Rheumatol |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
The aim of this study was to examine the association between race/ethnicity and COVID-19 hospitalization, ventilation
status, and mortality in people with rheumatic disease. A total of 1,324 patients were included, of whom 36% were hospitalized and 6% died; 26% of hospitalized patients required mechanical ventilation. In multivariable models, Black (OR=2.74, 95% CI 1.90,
3.95), Latinx (OR=1.71, 95% CI 1.18, 2.49), and Asian (OR=2.69, 95% CI 1.16, 6.24) patients had higher odds of being hospitalized compared to white patients. Latinx patients also had three-fold increased odds of requiring ventilatory support (OR=3.25, 95%
CI 1.75, 6.05). No differences in mortality based on race/ethnicity were found, though power may have been limited to detect associations. |
|
|
Gillard, Steven, Dare, et al |
medRxiv |
Mental Health |
|
Our paper addresses a lack of in-depth qualitative research exploring their experiences and perceptions of how life
has changed at this time. We used qualitative interviews (N=49) to explore experiences of the pandemic for people with pre-existing mental health conditions. Existing mental health difficulties were exacerbated for many people. People experienced specific
psychological impacts of the pandemic, struggles with social connectedness, and inadequate access to mental health services, while some found new ways to cope and connect to community. New remote ways to access mental health care, including digital solutions,
provided continuity of care for some but presented substantial barriers for others. People from black and ethnic minority (BAME) communities experienced heightened anxiety, stigma and racism associated with the pandemic, further impacting their mental health. |
|
|
Gollapalli, P, B, et al |
J Biomol Struct Dyn |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
Here, we performed a virtual screening of 55 compounds to identify potential molecules that can bind to the spike glycoprotein
and spike-ACE2 complex interface. It was found that the compound ethyl 1-{3-(2,4-dichlorobenzyl) carbamoyl]-1-ethyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-7-quinolinyl}-4-piperidine carboxylate (the S54 ligand) and ethyl 1-{3-(2,4-dichlorobenzyl) carbamoyl]-1-ethyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-7-quinolinyl}-4
piperazine carboxylate (the S55 ligand) forms hydrophobic interactions with Tyr41A, Tyr505B and Tyr553B, Leu29A, Phe495B, respectively of the spike glycoprotein, the hotspot residues in the spike glycoprotein RBD-hACE2 binding interface. Furthermore, molecular
dynamics simulations and free energy calculations using the MM-GBSA method showed that the S54 ligand is a stronger binder than a known SARS-CoV spike inhibitor SSAA09E3 (N-(9,10-dioxo-9, 10-dihydroanthracen-2-yl) benzamide). |
|
|
Gomez, Juan, Cuesta-Llavona, et al |
medRxiv |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
Several studies have suggested that the pharmacological targeting of CCR5 could reduce the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection
and the severity of COVID-19. We sought to investigate whether this polymorphism was associated with the risk of moderate-severe COVID-19. We genotyped 294 patients who required hospitalization due to COVID-19 (85 were severe cases) and 460 controls. We found
a significantly lower frequency of CCR5-Δ32 among the COVID-19 patients (0.10 vs 0.18 in controls; p=0.002, OR=0.48, 95%CI=0.29-0.76). The difference was mainly due to the reduced frequency of CCR5-Δ32 carriers in the severe, significantly lower than in the
non-severe patients (p=0.036). Of note, we did not find deletion-homozygotes among the patients compared to 1% among controls. We also confirmed the association between a LZTFL1 variant and COVID-19. |
|
|
Gomila, RosaM, Martorell, et al |
medRxiv |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection
d'agents pathogènes |
Here, we tested the utility of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF
MS) to classify and predict the severity of COVID-19 in a clinical setting. We used this technology to analyse the mass spectra profiles of the sera from 80 COVID-19 patients, clinically classified as mild (33), severe (26) and critical (21), and 20 healthy
controls. We found a clear variability of the serum peptidome profile depending on COVID-19 severity. Seventy-eight peaks were significantly different and 12 at least four fold more intense in the set of critical patients than in the mild ones. Analysis of
the resulting matrix of peak intensities by machine learning approaches classified severe (severe and critical) and non-severe (mild) patients with a 90% of accuracy. Furthermore, machine learning predicted correctly the favourable outcome of the severe patients
in 85% of the cases and the unfavourable in 38% of the cases. |
|
|
Gonnelli, A, Montrone, et al |
In Vivo |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
The aim of this report is to compare the volumes of Pisa radiotherapy activities from March 9(th) to May 31(st), 2020,
with the same period in 2019. The total number of first-time visits between March-May 2020 was reduced by 18%, probably due to delays in diagnosis and histological tests as well as the temporary closure of the operating rooms. None of the healthcare professionals
and only two patients contracted the infection. |
|
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Zinc-embedded fabrics inactivate SARS-CoV-2 and influenza
A virus |
Gopal, Vikram, Nilsson-Payant, et al |
bioRxiv |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
Here we used polyamide 6.6 (PA66) fibers that had zinc ions embedded during the polymerisation process and systematically
investigated if these fibers can absorb and inactivate pandemic SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus H1N1. We find that these viruses are readily absorbed by PA66 fabrics and inactivated by zinc ions embedded into this fabric. The inactivation rate (pfu.gram-1.min-1)
exceeds the number of active virus particles expelled by a cough and supports a wide range of viral loads. Overall, these results provide new insight into the development of "pathogen-free" PPE and better protection against RNA virus spread. |
|
Potential Opportunity Of Antisense Therapy Of COVID-19
on an in vitro model |
Goryachev, Anton Nikolaevich, Kalantarov, et al |
bioRxiv |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
The study of the synthesized antisense oligonucleotide 5`-AGCCGAGTGACAGCC ACACAG, complementary to the selected virus
RNA sequence, was carried out. The low toxicity of the preparations of this group in the cell culture study and the ability to reduce viral load at high doses according to real time-PCR data are shown. The cytopathogenic dose exceeds 2 mg/ml. At a dosage of
1 mg/ml, viral replication is reduced by 5 - 13 times. Conclusions are made about the prospects of this direction and the feasibility of using the inhalation way of drug administration into the body. |
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A Two-Region SEIR COVID-19 Epidemic Model for the
Island of Ireland |
Grannell, JamesJ, Grannell, et al |
medRxiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
The island of Ireland consists of two countries, Ireland and Northern Ireland, which are separated by a land border.
We develop a model for the COVID-19 epidemic which consists of two SEIR models, one for each country, coupled through border interaction terms. The model incorporates symptomatic and presymptomatic infectives, but not asymptomatic infectives, together with
a simple isolation/quarantine model. The objective of the work is to explore how the two-region epidemic could evolve by examining selected regions of parameter space. In this context we examine the effect of the border status on evolution of the epidemic.
We found that, even though the border interaction parameters are relatively small, the open border could significantly affect the course of the epidemic in some of the scenarios studied. We also looked for and found examples of sensitive dependence on several
parameters. |
|
The mental health of critical care and anaesthetic
staff during COVID-19 |
Greenberg, Neil, Weston, et al |
medRxiv |
Mental Health |
|
This study aimed to identify the rates of probable mental health disorder in ICU and anaesthetic staff in six hospitals
during June and July 2020. 709 participants completed the surveys comprising 291 (41%) Doctors, 344 (48.5%) Nurses, and 74 (10.4%) as other clinicians. Over half (58.8%) reported good wellbeing, however 45.4% met the threshold for probable clinical significance
on at least one of the following measures: severe depression (6.3%), PTSD (39.5%), severe anxiety (11.3%) or problem drinking (7.2%). 13.4% of respondents reported frequent thoughts of being better off dead, or of hurting themselves in the past two weeks.
We found that doctors consistently reported better mental health than nurses. |
|
Grundel, Sara, Heyder, et al |
arXiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Transmission Public health interventions*|
Interventions de sant&eacute; publique |
In this paper, we provide insights on how much testing and social distancing is required to control COVID-19. To this
end, we develop a compartmental model that accounts for key aspects of the disease: 1) incubation time, 2) age-dependent symptom severity, and 3) testing and hospitalization delays; the model's parameters are chosen based on medical evidence, and, for concreteness,
adapted to the German situation. Then, optimal mass-testing and age-dependent social-distancing policies are determined by solving optimal control problems both in open loop and within a model predictive control framework. We aim to minimize testing and/or
social distancing until herd immunity sets in under a constraint on the number of available intensive care units. We find that an early and short lockdown is inevitable but can be slowly relaxed over the following months. |
|
|
Gupta, A, Khurana, et al |
Indian J Med Res |
Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes |
The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of a rapid chromatographic immunoassay-based test (index
test) compared with a clinical reference standard (rRT-PCR). Of the 330 participants, 77 were rRT-PCR positive for SARS-CoV-2. Sixty four of these patients also tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by RDT. The overall sensitivity and specificity were 81.8 and 99.6
per cent, respectively. The sensitivity of RDT was higher (85.9%) in participants with a duration of illness ≤5 days. |
|
|
Gupta, Sarthak, Nakabo, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We assessed whether having pre-existing anti-IFNa; autoantibodies was associated with COVID-19 infection in SLE patients.
Ten SLE subjects with COVID-19 were identified. A 40% of these subjects had stable autoantibodies against IFNa; for up to three years preceding COVID-19 diagnosis. A 50% of the subjects with these autoantibodies neutralized IFNa; induced STAT1 phosphorylation.
None of the other SLE samples blocked IFNa; signaling. We noted an increased prevalence of pre-existing anti-IFNa; autoantibodies in SLE patients with COVID-19 compared to the reported prevalence in lupus patients and the general population with severe COVID-19. |
|
|
Hager, NathanM, Judah, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Mental Health |
|
This study examined cross-sectional associations between depression, loneliness, boredom, and RNT in a sample of college
students (N =199) in April 2020 immediately following campus closure. Results showed a serial indirect effect of loneliness on depression through boredom then RNT. Moreover, specific indirect effects of loneliness on depression were found through boredom and
RNT, individually. These data align with cognitive-behavioral theory and identify boredom and RNT as possible mechanisms of the association between loneliness and depression in college students. As such, boredom and RNT might be suitable treatment targets
for depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. |
|
|
Hamed, Amer, Latif, et al |
medRxiv |
Mental Health |
|
There has been a disproportionate effect on individuals from black Asian & Minority Ehnic (BAME) in the UK in COVID-19
pandemic, especially in the NHS staff. Many of them have been asked to remove their beard to be eligible to do the fit test which can have negative implications on their spiritual, psychological & emotional wellbeing. This paper surveyed the responses of 469
healthcare professionals (HCPs) with beards regarding the challenges they face in regard to personal protective equipment (PPE), mask fit testing and attitude of employers & colleagues. Professional discrimination through fit testing rejection, unavailability
or inadequate PPE and the pressure to shave their beard are unpleasant outcomes of this pandemic for some of the NHS staff. |
|
|
Rates of recurrent positive SARS-CoV-2 swab results among patients attending primary
care in Qatar |
Hamed, E |
J Infect |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
This record-based study reports on the cases with recurrent positive RT-PCR nasopharyngeal swab for SARS-CoV-2 results
in primary health care corporation (PHCC) settings in Qatar. 84 days was the maximum number of days for recurrent positive and the mean of the maximum number of days between recurrent positive results is 29.2 ± 11.6. (Median: 25 [Min: 21-Max: 84]). Recurrent
positive findings could occur in all age groups and different population types, including paediatric, elderly, and pregnant patients. Current smoking status was highly prevalent among patients with recurrent positive results. |
|
Characteristics and outcomes of hospitalised patients with acute kidney injury
and COVID-19 |
Hamilton, P, Hanumapura, et al |
PLoS One |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We studied the development and outcomes of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with COVID-19, in a large multicultural
city hospital trust in the UK, to better understand the role renal disease has in the disease process. There were 1032 patients included in the study of whom 210 (20.3%) had AKI in association with the diagnosis of COVID-19. The overall mortality with AKI
was considerably higher at 52.4% compared to 26.3% without AKI (p-value <0.001). More patients with AKI required escalation to critical care (34.8% vs 11.2%, p-value <0.001). Following admission to critical care those with AKI were more likely to die (54.8%
vs 25.0%, p-value <0.001) and more likely to require mechanical ventilation (86.3% vs 66.3%, p-value 0.006). |
|
Hannan, Jafrul, Parveen, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Transmission Infection Prevention and Control/ Prévention et contrôle des infections
(IPAC/PCI) |
We aimed to describe strategies that lowered viral transmission risks such as alternative anaesthetic techniques and
low-cost infection control and prevention practices for laparoscopic surgeries. Seventy two patients who presented to hospital as acute surgical emergencies between April and July 2020 and analyzed clinical data of 50 patients who underwent laparoscopic surgeries.
This was a prospective observational study. Of the 50 operated patients, the median age was 23 years with 54% females. The most frequently performed procedure was laparoscopic cholecystectomy, the overall median theatre time was 47 minutes, and 40% patients
were managed as day cases with reduced hospital stay. Use of spinal anaesthesia, a simple smoke evacuator and some additional measures during laparoscopic surgeries reduce theatre time and length of hospital stay. These strategies could address and minimize
the risks associated with Covid-19 transmission in surgical settings in low-resource countries |
|
|
Hasan, Agus, Nasution, et al |
medRxiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Transmission Public health interventions*|
Interventions de sant&eacute; publique |
This paper presents mathematical modeling and quantitative evaluation of Large Scale Social Restriction (LSSR) in Jakarta
between 10 April and 4 June 2020. The special capital region of Jakarta is the only province among 34 provinces in Indonesia with an average Testing Positivity Rate (TPR) below 5\% recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). The transmission model
is based on a discrete-time compartmental epidemiological model incorporating suspected cases. The quantitative evaluation is measured based on the estimation of the time-varying effective reproduction number (Rt). Our results show the LSSR has been successfully
suppressed the spread of COVID-19 in Jakarta, which was indicated by Rt<1. However, once the LSSR was relaxed, the effective reproduction number increased significantly. The model is further used for short-term forecasting to mitigate the course of the pandemic. |
|
|
The ACE2-binding interface of SARS-CoV-2 Spike inherently
deflects immune recognition |
Hattori, Takamitsu, Koide, et al |
bioRxiv |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Immunology | Immunologie |
Here, we designed an receptor-binding domain (RBD) mutant that disrupts the ACE2IS and used it to characterize the
prevalence of antibodies directed to the ACE2IS from convalescent sera of 94 COVID19-positive patients. We found that only a small fraction of RBD-binding antibodies targeted the ACE2IS. To assess the immunogenicity of different parts of the spike protein,
we performed in vitro antibody selection for the spike and the RBD proteins using both unbiased and biased selection strategies. Intriguingly, unbiased selection yielded antibodies that predominantly targeted regions outside the ACE2IS, whereas ACE2IS-binding
antibodies were readily identified from biased selection designed to enrich such antibodies. Furthermore, antibodies from an unbiased selection using the RBD preferentially bound to the surfaces that are inaccessible in the context of whole spike protein.
These results suggest that the ACE2IS has evolved less immunogenic than the other regions of the spike protein, which has important implications in the development of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. |
|
Hayhoe, Mikhail, Barreras, et al |
arXiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health
interventions*| Interventions de sant&eacute; publique |
In this paper we propose a data-driven model for the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and use it to design optimal control strategies
of human-mobility restrictions that both curb the epidemic and minimize the economic costs associated with implementing non-pharmaceutical interventions. We propose an optimal control problem on this data-driven model with a tractable solution provided by
geometric programming. The result of this framework is a mobility-based intervention strategy that curbs the spread of the epidemic while obeying a budget on the economic cost incurred. Our results are demonstrated with numerical simulations using real data
from the Philadelphia metropolitan area. |
|
|
Hirotsu, Y, Maejima, et al |
Sci Rep |
Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes |
To validate the feasibility of pooling samples, serial dilution analysis and spike-in experiments were conducted using
synthetic DNA and nucleic acids extracted from SARS-CoV-2-positive and -negative patients. Furthermore, we studied 1000 individuals, 667 of whom were “healthy” individuals (195 healthcare workers and 472 hospitalized patients with disorders other than COVID-19
infection), and 333 infection-suspected patients with cough and fever. By screening with this pooling strategy, by the end of April 2020 there were 12 SARS-CoV-2-positive patients in 333 infection-suspected patients (3.6%) and zero in 667 “healthy” controls.
We obtained these results with a total of 538 runs using the pooling strategy, compared with 1000 standard runs. In a prospective study, we successfully detected SARS-CoV-2 using 10- to 20-fold diluted samples of nasopharyngeal swabs from eighteen COVID-19
patients with wide ranges of viral load. |
|
|
Hoehl, Sebastian, Kreutzer, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Transmission |
Methods We conducted a longitudinal study over a period of 12 weeks (18th of June 2020 to 10th of September, 2020)
to screen attendees and staff from day care centres in the state of Hesse, Germany, for both respiratory and gastrointestinal shedding of SARS-CoV-2. 825 children (age range 3 months to 8 years) and 372 staff members from 50 day care centres. Findings 7,366
buccal mucosa swabs and 5,907 anal swabs were analysed. No respiratory or gastrointestinal shedding of SARS-CoV-2 was detected in any of the children. Shedding of SARS-CoV-2 could be detected in two staff members from distinct day care centres. One was asymptomatic
at the time of testing, and one was symptomatic. |
|
|
Optimizing Molecules using Efficient Queries from Property Evaluations |
Hoffman, Samuel, Chenthamarakshan, et al |
arXiv |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
Machine learning has shown potential for optimizing existing molecules with more desirable properties, a critical step
towards accelerating new chemical discovery. In this work, we propose QMO, a generic query-based molecule optimization framework that exploits latent embeddings from a molecule autoencoder. QMO improves the desired properties of an input molecule based on
efficient queries, guided by a set of molecular property predictions and evaluation metrics. We show that QMO outperforms existing methods in the benchmark tasks of optimizing molecules for drug likeliness and solubility under similarity constraints. We also
demonstrate significant property improvement using QMO on two new and challenging tasks that are also important in real-world discovery problems: (i) optimizing existing SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease inhibitors toward higher binding affinity; and (ii) improving
known antimicrobial peptides towards lower toxicity. Results from QMO show high consistency with external validations, suggesting effective means of facilitating molecule optimization problems with design constraints. |
|
Hu, Chao, Shen, et al |
bioRxiv |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Immunology | Immunologie |
Using a peptide library predicted with HLA class I-restriction, specific CD8+ T cell responses were identified in over
75% of COVID-19 convalescent patients. Among the 15 SARS-CoV-2 epitopes identified from the S and N proteins, N361-369 (KTFPPTEPK) was the most dominant epitope. Importantly, we discovered 2 N361-369-specific T cell receptors (TCRs) with high functional avidity,
and they exhibited complementary cross-reactivity to reported N361-369 mutant variants. In dendritic cells (DCs) and the lung organoid model, we found that the N361-369 epitope could be processed and endogenously presented to elicit the activation and cytotoxicity
of CD8+ T cells ex vivo. |
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Structure-based lead optimization of herbal medicine rutin for inhibiting SARS-CoV-2's
main protease |
Huynh, T, Wang, et al |
Phys Chem Chem Phys |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
Here, we explore the underlying molecular mechanisms of the computationally determined top candidate, namely, rutin
which is a key component in many traditional antiviral medicines such as Lianhuaqinwen and Shuanghuanlian, for inhibiting the viral target-Mpro. Using in silico methods (docking and molecular dynamics simulations), we revealed the dynamics and energetics of
rutin when interacting with the Mpro of SARS-CoV-2, suggesting that the highly hydrophilic rutin molecule can be bound inside the Mpro's pocket (active site) and possibly inhibit its biological functions. In addition, we optimized the structure of rutin and
designed two more hydrophobic analogs, M1 and M2, which satisfy the rule of five for western medicines and demonstrated that they (M2 in particular) possess much stronger binding affinities to the SARS-COV-2s Mpro than rutin, due to the enhanced hydrophobic
interaction as well as more hydrogen bonds. |
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Public Mobility Data Enables COVID-19 Forecasting
and Management at Local and Global Scales |
Ilin, Cornelia, Annan-Phan, et al |
medRxiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health
interventions*| Interventions de sant&eacute; publique |
We develop simple statistical models to measure the effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) and forecast
the spread of COVID-19 at local, state, and national levels. The method integrates concepts from econometrics and machine learning, and relies only upon publicly available data on human mobility. We evaluate this approach using local and regional data from
China, France, Italy, South Korea, and the United States, as well as national data from 80 countries around the world. We find that NPIs are associated with significant reductions in human mobility, and that changes in mobility can be used to forecast COVID-19
infections. While different policies have different effects on different populations, we observed total reductions in mobility between 40 and 84 percent. Even in the absence of other epidemiological information mobility data substantially improves 10-day
case rates forecasts at the county |
|
Precision shielding for COVID-19: metrics of assessment
and feasibility of deployment |
Ioannidis, John |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
Here, the aim is to present simple metrics of such precision shielding of people at high-risk of death after infection
by SARS-CoV-2; demonstrate how they can estimated; and examine whether precision shielding was successfully achieved in the first COVID-19 wave. Methods. The shielding ratio, S, is defined as the ratio of prevalence of infection among people at a high-risk
group versus among people in a low-risk group. The contrasted risk groups examined here are according to age (>=70 versus <70 years), and institutionalized (nursing home) setting. Findings. Across 17 seroprevalence studies, the shielding ratio S for elderly
versus non-elderly varied between 0.4 (substantial shielding) and 1.6 (substantial inverse protection). Assuming 25% infection fatality rate among nursing home residents, S values for nursing home residents ranged from 0.07 to 3.1. The best shielding was seen
in South Korea (S=0.07) and modest shielding was achieved in Israel, Slovenia, Germany, and Denmark. |
|
Ip, JD, Kok, et al |
Clin Microbiol Infect |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
This study aims to determine viral genome diversity in serial samples of COVID-19 patients. METHODS: Targeted deep
sequencing of spike gene was performed on serial respiratory specimens from COVID-19 patients using nanopore and Illumina sequencing. RESULTS: A 75-year-old patient with severe disease had a mutation, G22017T, identified in the second specimen. The frequency
of G22017T increased from ≤5% from first respiratory tract specimen (sputum) to ≥60% in the second specimen. The difference in G22017T frequency was also confirmed by Sanger sequencing. G22017T corresponds to W152L amino acid mutation in the spike protein
which was only found in <0.03% of the sequences deposited into a public database. |
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Jamshidi, Babak, Jamshidi Zargaran, et al |
medRxiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
In the present paper, our objective is to forecast the spread of the pandemic of COVID-19 in terms of the number of
confirmed cases and deaths. Our results establish that the cumulative number of confirmed cases reach 1464729 cases on 21 May 2020, with 80% confidence interval of [1375362 1540424], and the number of new confirmed cases decreases to the interval [12801 22578]
with the probability of 80% (the point prediction is equal to 17551) on 21 May 2020. Finally, we forecast that the cumulative number of deaths from 18747 cases on 11 April increases to around 47000 cases on 21 May. |
|
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Forecasting new daily confirmed cases infected by
COVID-19 in Italy from April 9th to May 18th 2020 |
Jamshidi, Babak, Talaei-Khoei, et al |
medRxiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
We aim at forecasting the outbreak of COVID-19 in Italy by using a two-part time series to model the daily relative
increments. Our model is based on the data observed from 22 February to 8 April 2020 and its objective is forecasting 40 days from 9 April to 18 May 2020. ccording to our model, it is expected that by May 18th, 2020, the relative increment (RI) falls to the
interval of 0.31% to 1.24% (average equal to 0.78%). During the last three days of the studied period, the RI belonged to the interval 2.5% to 3%. Accordingly, It is expected that the new daily confirmed cases face a decreasing to around 1900 on average. Finally,
our prediction establishes that the cumulative number of confirmed cases reaches 237635 (with 80% confidence interval equal to [226340 248417] by May 18th, 2020. |
|
Jannot, Anne-Sophie, Countouris, et al |
medRxiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
We propose here a new approach, a socio-economic wide study, to pinpoint subgroups with a high incidence of COVID-19,
and illustrated this approach using hospitalized cases in Paris area. Methods We extracted 303 socio-economic indicators from French census data for the 855 residential units in Paris and assessed their association with COVID-19 hospitalization risk. Findings
The most associated indicator was income, corresponding to the 3rd decile of the population. A model including only income achieves a high performance in both the training set and the test set. Overall, the 45% most deprived areas gathered 86% of the areas
with a high incidence of COVID-19 hospitalized cases. |
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|
Jarrett, Brooke, Peitzmeier, et al |
medRxiv |
Mental Health |
|
This study examined the impact of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and subsequent control measures
on gender-affirming care, mental health, and economic stability among transgender and non-binary people globally. Methods We collected global cross-sectional data from 964 transgender and non-binary adult users of the Hornet and Her apps from April to August
2020 to characterize changes in gender-affirming care, mental health, and economic stability as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, 55.0% reported reduced access to gender-affirming resources, and 38.0% reported reduced
time lived according to their gender. About half screened positive for depression and anxiety. One in six expected losses of health insurance, and 77.0% expected income reductions. The prevalence of depressive symptoms, anxiety, and increased suicidal ideation
were 1.63, 1.61, and 1.74 times higher for individuals whose access to gender-affirming resources was reduced versus not. |
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Neighbourhood income and physical distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic in the
United States |
Jay, J, Bor, et al |
Nat Hum Behav |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
We used mobility data from a large, anonymized sample of smartphone users to assess the relationship between neighbourhood
income and physical distancing during the pandemic. We found a strong gradient between neighbourhood income and physical distancing. Individuals in high-income neighbourhoods increased their days at home substantially more than individuals in low-income neighbourhoods
did. Residents of low-income neighbourhoods were more likely to work outside the home, compared to residents in higher-income neighbourhoods, but were not more likely to visit locations such as supermarkets, parks and hospitals. Finally, we found that state
orders were only associated with small increases in staying home in low-income neighbourhoods. |
|
Jaywant, Abhishek, Vanderlind, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
This study evaluated the frequency, severity, and profile of cognitive dysfunction in hospitalized patients recovering
from COVID-19. Methods: We obtained and analyzed cross-sectional neuropsychological data from a cohort of N=57 patients participating in inpatient rehabilitation. Our primary outcome measure was the Brief Memory and Executive Test (BMET). Results: % had documented
hypoxemic respiratory failure and 77% required intubation. 81% of patients had cognitive impairment, ranging from mild to severe. Deficits were most common in working memory (55% of patients impaired), set-shifting (47%), divided attention (46%), and processing
speed (40%). Executive dysfunction was not significantly associated with intubation length or the time from extubation to assessment, nor was it associated with the presence of a psychiatric diagnosis |
|
|
Jones, Ben, Phillips, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Transmission |
Objectives Evaluate the interactions between SARS-CoV-2 positive players and other players during rugby league matches,
to determine the risk of in-game SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Design Observational. Setting Super League rugby league during four matches in which SARS-CoV-2 positive players were retrospectively found to have participated (2nd August and 4th October 2020). Results
The eight SARS-CoV-2 positive players were involved in up to 14 tackles with other individual players. SARS-CoV-2 positive players were within a 2 m proximity of other players for up to 316 secs, from 60 interactions. One identified contact returned a positive
SARS-CoV-2 result within 14 days of the match (subsequently linked to an outbreak within their club environment, rather than in-match transmission), whereas the other 27 identified contacts returned negative SARS-CoV-2 follow up tests and no one developed
COVID-19 symptoms. Despite a high number of tackle involvements and close proximity interactions between SARS-CoV-2 positive players and players on the same and opposition teams during a rugby league match, these data suggest that in-game SARS-CoV-2 transmission
is limited during these types of team sport activities played outdoors. |
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Kahwash, BM, Deshpande, et al |
J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
To capture the experiences of allergy and immunology fellows throughout the United States and Canada during this time,
a 17-item electronic questionnaire was distributed to 380 fellow-in-training (FIT) members of the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology enrolled in US and Canadian allergy/immunology fellowship programs. Voluntary and anonymous responses were
collected from April 15 to May 15, 2020.Reassignment to COVID-19 clinical responsibilities was reported by 12% (15 of 124) of FITs, with the largest proportion in the US northeast region. A majority of FITs used telehealth (95%) and virtual learning (82%)
during the pandemic. Overall, 21% (25 of 120) of FITs expressed concern about potentially lacking clinical experience for independently practicing allergy and immunology |
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Rapid development of SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain-conjugated
nanoparticle vaccine candidate |
Kang, Yin-Feng, Sun, et al |
bioRxiv |
Vaccine Research| Recherche sur les vaccins Animal model | Modèle animal |
In this study, we designed three different RBD-conjugated nanoparticles vaccine candidates, RBD-Ferritin (24-mer),
RBD-mi3 (60-mer) and RBD-I53-50 (120-mer), with the application of covalent bond linking by SpyTag-SpyCatcher system. It was demonstrated that the neutralizing capability of sera from mice immunized with three RBD-conjugated nanoparticles adjuvanted with AddaVax
or Sigma Systerm Adjuvant (SAS) after each immunization was ~8- to 120-fold greater than monomeric RBD group in SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus and authentic virus neutralization assay. Most importantly, sera from RBD-conjugated NPs groups more efficiently blocked
the binding of RBD to ACE2 or neutralizing antibody in vitro, a further proof of promising immunization effect. |
|
Kannian, Priya, Mahanathi, et al |
medRxiv |
Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes |
In this study, we compared the sensitivity of SARS-CoV2 RT-PCR in 50 NPS samples collected from in-patients of the
COVID wards using the concentration and direct methods. The concentration method detected the viral RNA in all 50 samples, while the direct method was positive in only 41 (82%) samples (p=0.003). Additionally, the Ct values were lower in the direct method
compared to concentration method among the 41 positive samples (p=0.03 for N gene and p=0.04 for RdRp gene). The mean CV% was also greater than or equal to 10%. Thus, the concentration of the cells prior to RNA extraction drastically improves the sensitivity
of detection of SARS-CoV2 in NPS samples. |
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|
Kazemi, Mohammad Ali, Ghanaati, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic factors of early chest CT findings in COVID-19 patients. Total
chest CT-score and chest CT features can be used as prognostic factors in COVID-19 patients. |
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|
Keshmiri, Yasaman Sadat, Mirzaie, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
As data on CKD patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection is limited, we decided to carry out a cross-sectional study at Labbafinezhad
Hospital on 78 CKD patients with approved COVID-19 infection either on dialysis or not. We have also incorporated CKD patients with kidney transplant history. The mean age of the patients was 64.04 years, including 53 women and 25 men. Among all symptoms,
dyspnea (19.2%) was the most prevalent one. Laboratory data analysis shows an increase in LDH, Creatinine, and ESR and CRP levels. The most common finding on chest CT-Scan was bilateral ground-glass opacity detected in 31 (86.1%) patients, followed by pleural
effusion (12.8%) and atelectasis (19%). Among included patients, 53 (74.6%) had hypoxia (o2 saturation 94% and lower), 47 (81%) had tachypnea (respiratory rate over 16) and 9 (23.1%) had some reduction in the level of consciousness (GCS lower than 15). |
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Khan, IM, Haque, et al |
Am J Trop Med Hyg |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health
interventions*| Interventions de sant&eacute; publique |
Authors aim to predict the epidemic progression for 1 year under different scenarios in Bangladesh. The predicted total
number of deaths (in status quo) after 1 year would be 8,533 which would reduce to 3,577 if combined (0.8β, 1.2ɣ) intervention is applied. |
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Maintaining proper health records improves machine learning predictions
for novel 2019-nCoV |
KHAN, KOFFKA, R |
Research Square prepub |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
We present outcome ('recovered', 'isolated' or 'death') risk estimates of 2019-nCoV over 'early' datasets. A major
consideration is the likelihood of death for patients with 2019-nCoV. Accounting for the impact of the variations in the reporting rate of 2019-nCoV, we used machine learning techniques (AdaBoost, bagging, extra-trees, decision trees and k-nearest neighbour
classiers) on two 2019-nCoV datasets obtained from Kaggle on March 30, 2020. We used 'country', 'age' and 'gender' as features to predict outcome for both datasets. We included the patient's 'disease' history (only present in the second dataset) to predict
the outcome for the second dataset. he use of a patient's 'disease' history improves the prediction of 'death' by more than 7-fold. The models ignoring a patent's 'disease' history performed poorly in test predictions. Our ndings indicate the potential of
using a patient's 'disease' history as part of the feature set in machine learning techniques to improve 2019-nCoV predictions. |
|
khedr, Eman Mohamed, Abo-Elfetoh, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
In this study authors estimate the frequency of such complications among hospital in-patients with COVID-19 in Assiut
and Aswan University Hospitals. In COVID‑19, both the CNS and PNS are affected. Stroke was the most common complication for CNS and anosmia and/or ageusia were common for PNS diseases. |
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Kim, Dong-Min, Seo, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Immunology | Immunologie |
we conducted kinetic profiling of respiratory leukocytes and associated inflammatory mediators to show that severe
COVID-19 is associated with delayed but enhanced eosinophilic inflammation when compared to mild cases. |
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Role of IgM and IgA Antibodies in the Neutralization
of SARS-CoV-2 |
Klingler, Jéromine, Weiss, et al |
medRxiv |
Immunology | Immunologie |
Authors studied spike- and RBD-specific Ig isotypes in convalescent and acute plasma/sera to fight COVID-19. Regression
analyses revealed that IgM and IgG1 contributed most to neutralization, consistent with IgM and IgG fractions’ neutralization potency. |
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Impact of Coronavirus Disease on Persons with Dementia and Their Caregivers: An Audit
Study |
Koh, ZY, Law, et al |
Ann Geriatr Med Res |
Mental Health |
|
In this letter to the editor, authors discuss the profound impact of the secondary consequences of the pandemic, such
as reduced access to healthcare services, disruption of social support networks, and increased social isolation and loneliness, on PWD and their caregivers. Further research on the efficacy of such interventions is urgently needed to prepare for and mitigate
the impact of pandemic control measures on the provision of community services. |
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Real-life clinical sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR
test in symptomatic patients |
Kortela, Elisa, Kirjavainen, et al |
medRxiv |
Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes |
The aim of this study was to determine the real-life clinical sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR testing. The clinical
sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR testing was only moderate at best. |
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Genetic association analysis of SARS-CoV-2 infection
in 455,838 UK Biobank participants |
Kosmicki, JackA, Horowitz, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
Authors investigated human genetic determinants of COVID-19 risk and severity in 455,838 UK Biobank participants, including
2,003 with COVID-19. The analyses corroborate the association with the 3p21.31 locus and highlight that there are no rare protein-coding variant associations with effect sizes detectable at current sample sizes. |
|
Kumar, A, Kumar, et al |
J Biomol Struct Dyn |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
It is proposed that the designed hydrids or conjugates may have promising antiviral property i.e. against the main
protease of novel coronavirus and falcipan-2. The designed molecules were thoroughly studied by DFT and different thermodynamic parameters were determined. |
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Kumar, PL, Chowdhary, et al |
J Laryngol Otol |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
The objective of this work was to quantify the effect of barrier draping on particulate material dispersion during
temporal bone surgery. There is no clear consensus about otological surgical procedures as aerosol-generating procedures. |
|
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Kurstjens, Steef, Göttgens, et al |
medRxiv |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection
d'agents pathogènes Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
In this study authors developed a flowchart based on two well-known diagnostic methods: the 'corona-score' and the
'CO-RADS'. This flowchart, based on radiology (CO-RADS) and clinical chemistry parameters (lab-corona-score), results in a rapid and accurate diagnosis of COVID-19 at the ED. |
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High attack rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection through
household-transmission: a prospective study |
Kuwelker, Kanika, Zhou, et al |
medRxiv |
Transmission Clinical data| Données cliniques |
During the first month of the outbreak, authors enrolled 112 households in a prospective case-ascertained study, collecting
demographic and clinical data from index cases and household members to study household transmission of COVID-19. The risk of household transmission was higher when the index case had fever or dyspnoea during acute illness but not associated with cough. |
|
Kwok, Wang Chun, Wong, et al |
medRxiv |
Public health interventions*| Interventions de sant&eacute; publique |
Many countries have implemented border restriction as a public health measure to limit local outbreak. However, there
is inadequate scientific data to support such a practice, especially in the presence of an established local transmission of the disease. As a public health measure to tackle COVID-19, border restriction is effective in reducing cumulative cases and mortality. |
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la Cour Freiesleben, N, Egerup, et al |
Hum Reprod |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Authors address the question: Does maternal infection with SARS-CoV-2 in first trimester pregnancy have an impact on
the fetal development as measured by nuchal translucency thickness and pregnancy loss? The findings were: Maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection had no effect on the nuchal translucency thickness and there was no significant increased risk of pregnancy loss for women
with SARS-CoV-2 infection in first trimester pregnancy. |
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SARS-CoV-2 antibody prevalence and symptoms in a
local Austrian population |
Ladage, Dennis, Hoeglinger, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques Immunology | Immunologie |
Authors discuss population-based serosurveys measuring antibodies for SARS-CoV-2 to provide one method for estimating
infection rates and monitoring the progression of the epidemic. This population study demonstrated a high prevalence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 as a marker of both active and past infections in an Austrian township. |
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Lau, BillyT, Pavlichin, et al |
medRxiv |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
IN this article authors discuss the genome of SARS-CoV-2 which is susceptible to mutations during viral replication
due to the errors generated by RNA-dependent RNA polymerases. Analysis of these genetic fingerprints may provide a way of conducting molecular contact tracing. |
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Lazebnik, Teddy, Bunimovich-Mendrazitsky, et al |
medRxiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health
interventions*| Interventions de sant&eacute; publique |
Authors present a new hybrid model for COVID-19 dynamics using both an age-structured mathematical model and spatio-temporal
model in silico, analyzing the data of COVID-19 in Israel. The use of mathematical models promises to reduce the uncertainty in the choice of Lockdown policies. |
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Lee, Won Do, Qian, et al |
medRxiv |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
This study uses mobile phone data to examine how socioeconomic status was associated with the extent of mobility reduction
during the spring 2020 lockdown in England in a manner that considers both potentially confounding effects and spatial dependency and heterogeneity. It shows that socioeconomic status as approximated through income and occupation was strongly correlated with
the extent of mobility reduction. It also demonstrates that the specific nature of the association of socioeconomic status with mobility reduction varied markedly across England. The methodological implication is that conventional, spatially naïve econometric
analysis of the links between an area's socioeconomic status and mobility reduction is inadequate. Spatial regression modelling, and preferably multi-scale geographically weighted regression analysis, should be used instead. Finally, the analysis suggests
that the ability to restrict everyday mobility in response to a national lockdown is distributed in a spatially uneven manner, and may need to be considered a luxury or, failing that, a tactic of survival for specific social groupsCompeting Interest StatementThe
authors have declared no competing interest.Funding StatementThis research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.Author DeclarationsI confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been
followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained.YesThe details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below:This study has been followed the ethical guidelines
by the Central University Research Ethics Committee (CUREC), University of Oxford.All necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived.YesI understand that all clinical trials and any other
prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective
study registered retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance).Yes I have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines and uploaded the relevant EQUATOR Network research
reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material as supplementary files, if applicable.YesAll source R code and data necessary for the replication of our results and figures are available at https://github.com/wondolee/COVID19.https://github.com/wondolee/COVID19 |
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|
Leger, T, Jacquier, et al |
PLoS One |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
The purpose of this work was to assess the ability of low-dose CT (LDCT) to determine lung involvement in SARS-CoV-2
pneumonia and to describe a COVID19-LDCT severity score in France. COVID19-LDCT score did correlate with the National Early Warning Score (NEWS). |
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PMC7445484; Survey of US Living Kidney Donation and Transplantation Practices in
the COVID-19 Era |
Lentine, KL, Vest, et al |
Kidney Int Rep |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
INTRODUCTION: The scope of the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on living donor kidney transplantation
(LDKT) practices is not well defined. METHODS: We surveyed US transplant programs to assess practices, strategies, and barriers to living LDKT during the COVID-19 pandemic. After institutional review board approval, the survey was distributed from 9 May 2020
to 30 May 2020 by e-mail and postings to professional society list-servs. Responses were stratified based on state COVID-19 cumulative incidence levels. RESULTS: Staff at 118 unique centers responded, representing 61% of US living donor recovery programs and
75% of LKDT volume in the prepandemic year. Overall, 66% reported that LDKT surgery was on hold (81% in "high" vs. 49% in "low" COVID-19 cumulative incidence states). A total of 36% reported that evaluation of new donor candidates had paused, 27% reported
that evaluations were very much decreased (>0% to <25% typical), and 23% reported that evaluations were moderately decreased (25% to <50% typical). Barriers to LDKT surgery included program concerns for donor (85%) and recipient (75%) safety, patient concerns
(56%), elective case restrictions (47%), and hospital administrative restrictions (48%). Programs with higher local COVID-19 cumulative incidence reported more barriers related to staff and resource diversion. Most centers continuing donor evaluations used
remote strategies (video, 82%; telephone, 43%). As LDKT resumes, all programs will screen for COVID-19, although timeframe and modalities will vary. Recommendations for presurgical self-quarantine are also variable. CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 pandemic has had
broad impacts on LDKT practice. Ongoing research and consensus building are needed to reduce barriers, to guide optimal practices, and to support safe restoration of LDKT across centers. |
|
Levin, Roman, Chao, et al |
medRxiv |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
As COVID-19 cases resurge in the United States, understanding the complex interplay between human behavior, disease
transmission, and non pharmaceutical interventions during the pandemic could provide valuable insights to focus future public health efforts. Cell-phone mobility data offers a modern measurement instrument to investigate human mobility and behavior at an unprecedented
scale. We investigate mobility data collected, aggregated, and anonymized by SafeGraph Inc. which measures how populations at the census block-group geographic scale stayed at home in California, Georgia, Texas, and Washington since the beginning of the pandemic.
Using nonlinear dimensionality reduction techniques, we find patterns of mobility behavior that align with stay at-home orders, correlate with socioeconomic factors, cluster geographically, and reveal subpopulations that likely migrated out of urban areas.
The analysis and approach provides policy makers a framework for interpreting mobility data and behavior to inform actions aimed at curbing the spread of COVID-19.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.Funding StatementNo
external funding was received for this work.Author DeclarationsI confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained.YesThe details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval
or exemption for the research described are given below:NAAll necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived.YesI understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional
studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective study registered
retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance).Yes I have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines and uploaded the relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s)
and other pertinent material as supplementary files, if applicable.YesAll data used in this article are publicly available. We obtained mobility data from SafeGraph, Inc. SafeGraph aggregates mobile device GPS data from various sources and produces anonymized
datasets aggregated at the census block group (CBG) level. These data can be obtained free-of-charge for non-commercial use by joining their COVID-19 Data Consortium. We obtained US population data from the 2018 American Community Survey (ACS) product of the
US Census Bureau, accessed using the R package tidycensus. The US Census provides cartographic boundary files, which define simplified shapes of geographic entities designed for plotting.https://www.safegraph.com/covid-19-data-consortiumhttps://CRAN.R-project.org/package=tidycensus |
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Levine-Tiefenbrun, Matan, Yelin, et al |
medRxiv |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection
d'agents pathogènes |
We identified false-negative (FN) and true-positive (TP) results as negative and positive results preceded by a COVID-19
diagnosis in 521,696 patients and followed by a later positive test. Regression analyses were used to determine associations of false-negative results with time of sampling after diagnosis, patient demographics and viral loads based on RT-qPCR Ct values of
the next positive tests. The overall FNR was 22.8%, which is consistent with previous studies. Yet, this rate was much lower at the first 5 days following diagnosis (10.7%) and only increased in later dates. Furthermore, the FNR was strongly associated with
demographics, with odds ratio of 1.74 (95% CI: 1.58-1.9) for women over men and 2.54 (95% CI: 2.39-2.69) for a 20 versus a 50 year old patient. Finally, FNR was associated with viral loads (p-value 0.002), with a difference of 1.1 (95% CI: 0.60-1.57) between
the average Ct of the N gene in a positive test following a false-negative compared to a positive test following a true-positive. |
|
|
A Note on COVID-19 Diagnosis Number Prediction Model in China |
Li, Yi, Yin, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
We aimed to use a mathematical model to predict number of diagnosed patients in future to ease anxiety on the emergent
situation. Through the establishment of our model, we can better predict the trend of the epidemic in China. |
|
Liao, C, Guo, et al |
J Clin Nurs |
Mental Health |
|
The aim of this cross-sectional survey was to assess the level of stress response, self‐efficacy, and perceived social
support status of working nurses during the outbreak of the COVID‐19 and investigate potential factors affecting their stress. A total of 1092 clinical nurses were surveyed with 94 nurses in Wuhan, 130 nurses treating COVID‐19 patients in our hospital and
868 nurses working without direct contact with diagnosed COVID‐19 patients. The mean stress score of all surveyed nurses was 33.15 (SD: 25.551). There was a statistically significant difference in stress response scores between different departments. Noticeably,
the nurses who went to support in Wuhan showed a weaker stress response than the nurses who stayed in our hospital (mean: 19.98 (Wuhan) vs. 32.70 (Epidemic department in our hospital) vs. 34.64 (Non‐epidemic department in our hospital)). |
|
|
Lin, Gary, Hamilton, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
We assess the relative impact of absolute humidity in different climatological regimes and human mobility on reported
cases of COVID-19 across counties in the US. Our findings suggest that, similar to other respiratory viruses, the decreasing humidity in the winter is likely to lead to an increase in COVID-19 cases. Furthermore, the fact that mobility data were positively
correlated suggests that efforts to counteract the rise in cases due to falling humidity can be effective in limiting the burden of the pandemic. |
|
|
SARS-CoV-2 Innate Effector Associations and Viral
Load in Early Nasopharyngeal Infection |
Liou, TheodoreG, Adler, et al |
medRxiv |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Immunology | Immunologie |
To examine innate immune responses in early SARS-CoV-2 infection that may change clinical outcomes, we compared nasopharyngeal
swab data from 20 virus-positive and 20 virus-negative individuals. Multiple innate immune-related and ACE-2 transcripts increased with infection and were strongly associated with increasing viral load. We found widespread discrepancies between transcription
and translation. Interferon proteins were unchanged or decreased in infected samples suggesting virally-induced shut-off of host anti-viral protein responses. However, IP-10 and several interferon-stimulated gene proteins increased with viral load. Older age
was associated with modifications of some effects. Our findings may characterize the disrupted immune landscape of early disease. |
|
Corticosteroid treatment in severe COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome |
Liu, J, Zhang, et al |
J Clin Invest |
Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
We conducted a retrospective study to explore the effects of corticosteroids on mortality from COVID-19 with ARDS in
five tertiary Chinese hospitals. We also explored the effects of corticosteroids on the clearance of SARS–CoV-2 RNA. As compared with usual care, treatment with corticosteroids was associated with increased rate of myocardial (15.6% vs. 10.4%, P = 0.041) and
liver injury (18.3% vs. 9.9%, P = 0.001), of shock (22.0% vs. 12.6%, P < 0.001), of need for mechanical ventilation (38.1% vs. 19.5%, P < 0.001), and increased rate of 28-day all-cause mortality (44.3% vs. 31.0%, P < 0.001). Corticosteroid use was also associated
with a delay in SARS–CoV-2 coronavirus RNA clearance in the competing risk analysis (subhazard ratio 1.59, 95% CI 1.17–2.15, P = 0.003). |
|
López, JT, García-Azorín, et al |
Cephalalgia |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
In this cross-sectional study nested in a cohort study, we aimed to characterize the phenotype of headache attributed
to SARS-CoV-2 infection and to test the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-3) phenotypic criteria for migraine and tension-type headache. Results indicate that headaches attributed to SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalized patients has
severe intensity, frontal predominance and oppressive quality. It occurs early in the course of the disease. Most patients fulfilled ICHD-3 criteria for headache attributed to systemic viral infection; however, the phenotype might resemble migraine in a quarter
of cases and tension-type headache in half of the patients. |
|
|
Lu, Wenjie, Lu, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Immunology | Immunologie |
To investigate the immune characteristics of early SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and possible key prognostic factors
for early identification of critical COVID-19, a retrospective study including 121 children with COVID-19 was conducted. Decreased T, Th, Tc, RBC, hemoglobin and increased IL-6 and IL-10 in early SARS-CoV-2 infection in children are valuable indices for early
diagnosis of disease severity. |
|
|
Lui, DTW, Lee, et al |
J Clin Endocrinol Metab |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Immunology | Immunologie |
We evaluated the thyroid function of a cohort of consecutive COVID-19 patients (n= 191), in relation to their clinical
features, biochemical, immunological and inflammatory markers. Overall, around 15% of patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 had thyroid dysfunction. There may be a direct effect of SARS-CoV-2 on thyroid function, potentially leading to exacerbation of pre-existing
autoimmune thyroid disease. Low fT3, associated with systemic inflammation, may have a prognostic significance. |
|
|
Luijten, MichielAJ, van Muilekom, et al |
medRxiv |
Mental Health |
|
The objective in this study was to compare mental and social health of Dutch children and adolescents (8 to 18 years
of age) during the COVID-19 lockdown versus before, identify associated factors, describe the change in atmosphere at home and qualitatively assess the impact of COVID-19 regulations on daily life. More mental and social health complaints during the COVID-19
lockdown were found in children and adolescents growing up in a single-parent family, having >three children in the family, a negative change in work situation of parents due to COVID-19 regulations, and having a relative/friend infected with COVID-19. A small
effect was found on atmosphere at home during the lockdown compared to before (mean difference, -3.1; 95% CI, -4.1 - -2.1). A large majority (>90%) reported a negative impact of the COVID-19 regulations on their daily life. |
|
|
Lumley, SheilaF, Wei, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Immunology | Immunologie |
We present 6 months of data from a longitudinal seroprevalence study of 3217 UK healthcare workers (HCWs). Serial measurements
of IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid were obtained. In this cohort of working age HCWs, antibody levels rose to a peak at 24 (95% credibility interval, CrI 19-31) days post-first positive PCR test, before beginning to fall. IgG antibody levels to SARS-CoV-2
nucleocapsid wane within months, and faster in younger adults and those without symptoms. Ongoing longitudinal studies are required to track the long-term duration of antibody levels and their association with immunity to SARS-CoV-2 reinfection. |
|
|
Ma, Xiaojun, Wang, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques Healthcare Response |
Réponse des soins de santé |
The present study aimed to develop a nomogram model to predict the survival of COVID-19 patients based on their clinical
and laboratory data at admission. COVID-19 patients who were admitted at Hankou Hospital and Huoshenshan Hospital in Wuhan, China from January 12, 2020 to March 20, 2020, whose outcome during the hospitalization was known, were retrospectively reviewed. A
nomogram based on age, CHD, Lym%, platelets, C-reaction protein, LDH and D-dimer was established to accurately predict the prognosis of COVID-19 patients. |
|
|
Magdy, R, Hussein, et al |
Cephalalgia |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
The objective of this cross-sectional study was assess the characteristics of headache attributed to COVID-19 infection
and predictors of its severity. A detailed analysis of such headache was done through a face-to-face interview. Patients with any other form of secondary headache were excluded. Labs, including lymphocytic count, C-reactive protein, D-dimer and ferritin and
chest imaging, were made available. The majority of our patients had a diffuse headache (52.9%). It was pressing in 40.7%, with median intensity of 7 (assessed by visual analogue scale) and median frequency of 7 days/week. After multiple linear regression,
primary headache disorders, dehydration and comorbidities were considered predictors of frequency of COVID-19 related headache. Meanwhile, fever and dehydration were predictors of pain intensity. |
|
|
Occupational risk of COVID-19 in the 1st vs 2nd wave
of infection |
Magnusson, Karin, Nygard, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether employees in occupations that typically imply close contact with other
people are at higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) and related hospitalization, for the 1st and 2nd wave of infection in Norway. In 3 553 407 residents of Norway on January 1st 2020 aged 20-70 (with mean [SD] age 44.1 [14.3] years and 51% men), we
studied whether persons in occupations in touch with pupils/students/patients/customers had a higher risk of 1) COVID-19 and 2) hospitalization with COVID-19, compared to everyone aged 20-70 years using logistic regression adjusted for age, sex and birth country.
Nurses, physicians, dentists, physiotherapists, bus/tram and taxi drivers had 1.5-3.5 times the odds of COVID-19 during the 1st wave of infection when compared to everyone in their working age. In the 2nd wave of the epidemic, bartenders, waiters, food service
counter attendants, taxi drivers and travel stewards had 1.5-4 times the odds of COVID-19 when compared to everyone in their working age. Teachers had no or only a moderately increased odds of COVID-19. |
|
Mahajan, Shiwani, Caraballo, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
The objective of this cross-sectional study was to determine the infection fatality rate (IFR) and infection hospitalization
rate (IHR) for COVID-19 using the statewide SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence estimates for the non-congregate population in Connecticut. Of the 2.8 million individuals residing in the non-congregate settings in Connecticut through June 2020, 113,515 (90% CI 56,758-170,273)
individuals had SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. There were a total of 9425 COVID-19-related hospitalizations and 4071 COVID-19-related deaths in Connecticut between March 1 and June 1, 2020, of which 7792 hospitalizations and 1079 deaths occurred among the non-congregate
population. The overall COVID-19 IHR and IFR was 6.86% (90% CI, 4.58%-13.72%) and 0.95% (90% CI, 0.63%-1.90%) among the non-congregate population. |
|
|
malik, arif, Iqbal, et al |
medRxiv |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Immunology | Immunologie |
In the current study potential role of cytokines and related inflammatory markers have been identified that interplays
in the progression of disease in COVID-19 patients. Findings of study show significant increase in the levels of interleukins and TNF-α that signifies the presence of cytokine storm in worsening the condition in respect to the exposure of COVID-19. Levels
of IL-1 and 6 were significantly higher in patients (98.69 pg/ml and 71.95 pg/ml) as compared to controls (30.06 pg/ml and 9.46 pg/ml) where, (p=0.001 and 0.007). It also suggests that IL-6 is most sensitive test with about (98%) sensitivity in comparison
with 96%,95%, 95%,93% and 92% in case of IL-10,1,8,11 and TNF-a respectively. |
|
|
Favorable outcomes among neonates not separated from their symptomatic SARS-CoV-2-infected
mothers |
Martenot, A, Labbassi, et al |
Pediatr Res |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
The main objective of this retrospective study was to assess the safety of the current management (with no systematic
mother–infant separation, breastfeeding support, and a structured follow-up during the first month of life) in two perinatal centers in Alsace. The secondary objective was to evaluate the need for re-hospitalization during the follow-up period. Results from
the 26 mother-neonate dyads indicate that even during the COVID-19 pandemic, safely maintaining family-centered perinatal care and continuing the promotion of bonding between neonates and their SARS-CoV-2-positive mothers appear possible, as these newborns
are very rarely infected and, if infected, show only mild symptoms. |
|
Maurya, Aniket |
arXiv |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
Recent developments in medical imaging with Deep Learning presents evidence of automated diagnosis and prognosis. It
can also be a complement to currently available diagnosis methods. Deep Learning can be leveraged for diagnosis, severity prediction, intubation support prediction and many similar tasks. We present prediction of intubation support requirement for patients
from the Chest X-ray using Deep representation learning. We release our source code publicly at this https URL. |
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|
McCartney, G, Leyland, et al |
J Epidemiol Community Health |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
We aimed to calibrate the scale of the modelled mortality impact of COVID-19 using age-standardised mortality rates
and life expectancy contribution against other, socially determined, causes of death in order to inform governments and the public. The negative impact of fully unmitigated COVID-19 on life expectancy is therefore equivalent to 24 years of suicide deaths,
30 years of drug poisoning deaths and 1.7 years of inequality-related deaths for the UK. Results indicate that fully mitigating COVID-19 is estimated to prevent a loss of 5.63 years of life expectancy for the UK. Over 10 years, there is a greater negative
life expectancy contribution from inequality than around six unmitigated COVID-19 pandemics. |
|
|
Messina, Francesco, Giombini, et al |
bioRxiv |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Immunology | Immunologie |
We provide a network analysis on protein−protein interactions (PPI) between viral and host proteins to better identify
host biological responses, induced by both whole proteome of SARS−CoV−2 and specific viral proteins. A host−virus interactome was inferred on published PPI, using an explorative algorithm (Random Walk with Restart) triggered by all the 28 proteins of SARS−CoV−2,
or each single viral protein one−by−one. The functional analysis for all proteins, linked to many aspects of COVID−19 pathogenesis, allows to identify the subcellular districts, where SARS−CoV−2 proteins seem to be distributed, while in each interactome built
around one single viral protein, a different response was described, underlining as ORF8 and ORF3a modulated cardiovascular diseases and pro-inflammatory pathways, respectively. Finally, an explorative network-based approach was applied to Bradykinin Storm,
highlighting a possible direct action of ORF3a and NS7b to enhancing this condition. |
|
|
Micocci, Massimo, Gordon, et al |
medRxiv |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
This study evaluated current testing pathways in care homes to explore the role of point-of-care tests (POCTs). Ten
staff from eight care homes, purposively sampled to reflect care organisational attributes that influence outbreak severity, underwent a semi-structured remote videoconference interview. Four main steps were identified in testing: infection prevention, preparatory
steps, swabbing procedure, and management of residents. Infection prevention was particularly challenging for mobile residents with cognitive impairment. Swabbing and preparatory steps were resource-intensive, requiring additional staff resource. Swabbing
required flexibility and staff who were familiar to the resident. Frequent approaches to residents were needed to ensure they would participate at a suitable time. After-test management varied between sites. Several homes reported deviating from government
guidance to take more cautious approaches, which they perceived to be more robust. |
|
|
Test-adjusted results of mortality for Covid-19 in
Germany, USA, UK |
Mimkes, Juergen, Janssen, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
In a disease, where all infected persons show symptoms, it is reasonable to calculate mortality by case to fatality
rate CFR. Deaths follow infections by a certain time lag. However, in the Covid-19 pandemic many infectious patients show no or hardly any symptoms. The reported infections and deaths do not run parallel, but diverge with the volume of tests. Our investigations
for Germany, USA and UK indicate that deaths do not follow the number of infections, but the positive rate of tests, multiplied by a constant factor F and shifted by about two weeks. These test adjusted results of mortality allow for the estimation of the
number of deaths of Covid-19 about two weeks ahead, even in a sharply rising state of the pandemic. |
|
Miron, Oren, Yu, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
We examined Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) mortality following 5 mass gatherings at outdoor rallies in the United
States, during August 2020. We found that COVID-19 mortality started increasing 19-24 days after the mass gathering. In a 50-mile radius there was a 2.1-fold increase in COVID-19 mortality, and in a 51-100 miles radius there was a 1.4-fold increase. Our results
suggest that precautions should be taken in mass gatherings and in at least a 50-mile radius, in order to limit COVID-19 mortality. |
|
|
Miron, Oren, Yu, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
We examined COVID-19 hospitalizations following mass gatherings in Wisconsin and Minnesota, United States (September
17-18, 2020). We found that the hospitalization rate increased 15-fold in the Minnesota gathering county, and 12.7-fold in the Wisconsin gathering county. On the state level, it increased 2-fold in Minnesota, and 2.3-fold in Wisconsin, while not increasing
significantly in states without gatherings. Our findings suggest that mass gatherings are followed by increased COVID-19 hospitalizations, and that precautions should be taken. |
|
|
Analytical and Clinical Performance of the Panbio
COVID-19 Antigen-Detecting Rapid Diagnostic Test |
Mitja, Oriol |
medRxiv |
Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes |
Antigen-based rapid diagnostic tests (Ag-RDT) provide a promising alternative for diagnosis. We assessed the analytical
and clinical performance of the Ag-RDT Panbio COVID-19 Ag Test (Abbott), using RT-qPCR as a reference test. The Panbio COVID-19 Ag-RDT has high sensitivity for detecting the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in nasal or nasopharyngeal swabs of both, symptomatic and asymptomatic
individuals. The diagnostic performance of the test is particularly good in samples with viral loads associated with high risk of viral transmission (Ct <25), which show high positive and negative predictive values even when assuming a prevalence as low as
5%. |
|
Mo, Y, Deng, et al |
J Clin Nurs |
Mental Health |
|
We aimed to investigate the anxiety of nurses who are supporting Wuhan in fighting against coronavirus disease 2019
(COVID‐19) infection and explore relevant influencing factors. Anxiety was positively correlated with stress (r=0.679, P<0.001) but negatively correlated with self‐efficacy (r=−0.326, p<0.001). Multiple regression analysis showed that professional qualification,
sleep, stress, and self‐efficacy were the main factors affecting nurse anxiety (p=0.006, <0.001, <0.001, 0.039, respectively). |
|
|
Clinical features of pregnant women in Iran who died due to COVID-19 |
Moghadam, SA, Dini, et al |
Int J Gynaecol Obstet |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
This study evaluates the clinical presentation of pregnant women in Iran who died due to COVID‐19. The main presentations
at admission were fatigue and coughing, but most of the women had a fever below 38 °C. Increased white blood cell count and neutrophils were noticeable. A significant drop of saturation of O2 with ground glass and consolidation seen in both lungs were prominent.
The most common complications were acute respiratory distress syndrome followed by respiratory failure. |
|
Mohanan, Manoj, Malani, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Immunology | Immunologie |
We conducted state-wide surveillance for COVID-19, in both rural and urban areas of Karnataka between June 15-August
29, 2020. We tested for both viral RNA and antibodies targeting the receptor binding domain (RBD). Adjusted seroprevalence across Karnataka was 46.7% (95% CI: 43.3-50.0), including 44.1% (95% CI: 40.0-48.2) in rural and 53.8% (95% CI: 48.4-59.2) in urban areas.
The proportion of those testing positive on RT-PCR, ranged from 1.5 to 7.7% in rural areas and 4.0 to 10.5% in urban areas, suggesting a rapidly growing epidemic. The relatively high prevalence in rural areas is consistent with the higher level of mobility
measured in rural areas, perhaps because of agricultural activity. Overall seroprevalence in the state implies that by August at least 31.5 million residents had been infected by August, nearly an order of magnitude larger than confirmed cases. |
|
|
Revealing fine-scale spatiotemporal differences in SARS-CoV-2 introduction and
spread |
Moreno, GK, Braun, et al |
Nat Commun |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
Here we analyze 247 full-genome SARS-CoV-2 sequences from two nearby communities in Wisconsin, USA, and find surprisingly
distinct patterns of viral spread. Dane County had the 12th known introduction of SARS-CoV-2 in the United States, but this did not lead to descendant community spread. Instead, the Dane County outbreak was seeded by multiple later introductions, followed
by limited community spread. In contrast, relatively few introductions in Milwaukee County led to extensive community spread. We present evidence for reduced viral spread in both counties following the statewide “Safer at Home” order, which went into effect
25 March 2020. Our results suggest patterns of SARS-CoV-2 transmission may vary substantially even in nearby communities. Understanding these local patterns will enable better targeting of public health interventions. |
|
Morgenstern, Jose, Redondo, et al |
medRxiv |
Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
Summary: No antiviral has been shown to reduce mortality in SARS-COV-2 patients to date. In the present observational
and retrospective report, 3,099 patients with a definitive or highly probable diagnosis of infection due to COVID-19 were evaluated between May 1st to August 10th, 2020, at Centro Medico Bournigal (CMBO) and Centro Medico Punta Cana (CMPC), and all received
compassionate treatment with Ivermectin. A total of 2,706 (87.3%) were discharged for outpatient treatment, all with mild severity of the infection. In 2,688 (99.33%) with outpatient treatment, the disease did not progress to warrant further hospitalization
and there were no deaths. In 16 (0.59%) with outpatient treatment, it was necessary their subsequent hospitalization to a room without any death. In 2 (0.08%) with outpatient treatment, it was necessary their admission to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and
1 (0.04%) patient died. There were 411 (13.3%) patients hospitalized, being admitted at a COVID-19 room with a moderate disease 300 (9.7%) patients of which 3 (1%) died; and with a severe to critical disease were hospitalized in the ICU 111 (3.6%), 34 (30.6%)
of whom died. The mortality percentage of patients admitted to the ICU of 30.6%, is similar with the percentage found in the literature of 30.9%. Total mortality was 37 (1.2%) patients, which is much lower than that reported in world statistics, which are
around 3%.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.Clinical TrialIt was a retrospective observational studyFunding StatementThe authors declare that none of them have a conflict of interests with the study that serves at
the basis for this publication, none have received benefits or financial funding that could influence the results.Author DeclarationsI confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have
been obtained.YesThe details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below:All relevant ethical guidelines have been followed adn aproved by the ethics committee at Bournigal Medical Center and Punta
Cana Medical Center(Rescue Group).All necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived.YesI understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered
with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective study registered retrospectively, please provide
a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance).Yes I have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines and uploaded the relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material
as supplementary files, if applicable.YesThe data was collected in the medical charts of all the patients involved in this observational study at the Bournigal Medical Center and the Punta Cana Medical Center. |
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|
Morgenstern-Kaplan, Dan, Buitano-Tang, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
To determine the aggressiveness of SARS-CoV-2 using symptom progression in COVID-19 patients. According to the PONSS,
patients were distributed as follows: 14.89% in <24 hours, 43.25% between 1-3 days, 31.87% between 4-7 days and 9.97% >7 days. The distribution for mortality and pneumonia was 5.2% and 22.5% in <24 hours, 2.5% and 14% between 1-3 days, 3.6% and 19.5% between
4-7 days, 4.1% and 20.6% >7 days, respectively (p<0.001). Adjusted-risk of mortality was (OR [95% CI], p-value): <24 hours= 1.75 [1.55-1.98], p<0.001; 1-3 days= 1 (reference value); 4-7 days= 1.53 [1.37-1.70], p<0.001; >7 days= 1.67 [1.44-1.94], p<0.001. For
pneumonia: <24 hours= 1.49 [1.39-1.58], p<0.001; 1-3 days= 1; 4-7 days= 1.48 [1.41-1.56], p<0.001; >7 days= 1.57 [1.46-1.69], p<0.001. |
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|
Moselle, Kenneth Andrew, Chang, et al |
medRxiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Transmission |
CovidSIMVL is an agent-based infectious disease modeling tool that is designed specifically to simulate localized spread
of infectious disease. It is intended to support tactical decision-making around localized/staged re-institution of pre-pandemic levels and patterns of social/economic/health service delivery activity, following an initial stage of pan-societal closures of
social/economic institutions and reductions in services. |
|
|
Mulatu, Hailu Abera, Tesfaye, et al |
medRxiv |
Mental Health |
|
The study aimed to determine the prevalence of symptoms of common mental disorders among HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic
at St. Paul Hospital, Ethiopia. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, insomnia, and psychological distress was 20.2%, 21.9%, 12.4%, and 15.5% respectively. Frontline HCWs had higher scores of mental health symptoms than other health care workers. Logistic
regression analysis showed that being married was associated with a high level of depression. Working in a frontline position was an independent factor associated with a high-level depression, anxiety, and psychological distress. |
|
|
Murrell, Isa, Forde, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Immunology | Immunologie |
We perform a spot sero-prevalence study amongst staff in a tertiary hospitals clinical microbiology laboratory, before
undertaking validation of DBS serological testing as an alternate specimen for analysis. Finally, we characterise the spike and nucleocapsid antibody response over 160 days post a positive PCR test in nine non-hospitalised staff members. A differential rate
of decline of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies against nucleocapsid or spike protein was observed. At 4 months post a positive PCR test 7/9 (78%) individuals had detectable antibodies against spike protein, but only 2/9 (22%) had detectable antibodies against nucleocapsid
protein. This study reveals a broad agreement amongst commercial platforms tested and suggests the use of DBS as an alternate specimen option to enable widespread population testing for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. These results suggest potential limitations of
these platforms in estimating historical infection. |
|
|
Muttamba, Winters, Lusiba, et al |
medRxiv |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of collecting and processing of COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP),
in preparation for a randomized clinical trial of CCP for treatment of COVID-19 in Uganda. 192 participants were contacted of whom 179 (93.2%) were eligible to donate. Of the 179 eligible, 23 (12.8%) were not willing to donate and reasons given included:
having no time 7(30.4%), fear of being retained at the COVID-19 treatment center 10 (43.5%), fear of stigma in the community 1 (4.3%), phobia for donating blood 1 (4.3%), religious issues 1 (4.4%), lack of interest 2 (8.7%) and transport challenges 1 (4.3%).
The median age was 30 years and females accounted for 3.7% of the donors. A total of 30 (18.5%) donors tested positive for different TTIs. Antibody titer testing demonstrated titers of more than 1:320 for all the 72 samples tested. Age greater than 46 years
and female gender were associated with higher titers though not statistically significant. |
|
|
Clinical features and outcomes of hospitalized COVID-19 patients in a
low burden region |
Mylona, Eleni, Margellou, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
This is a retrospective study of COVID-19 hospitalized patients in Greece. Hospitalized COVID-19 patients in a European
country with a low burden of the disease, in which hospital capacities had not been overwhelmed, had lower mortality rate compared to those reported patients hospitalized in regions with a high burden of the disease. |
|
Simulating Pandemic Disease Spread and the Impact
of Interventions in Complex Societal Networks |
Mytelka, DanielS |
medRxiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Public health interventions*| Interventions
de sant&eacute; publique |
This paper uses assumptions based on the COVID-19 pandemic to construct a Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered model representative
of US society, focusing on the interrelationships of groups with differing contact networks (essential/non-essential workers and urban/non-urban populations). The model is used to explore the impact of interventions (reduced interactions, vaccinations and
selective isolation) on overall and group-specific disease spread. Findings show that in the absence of herd immunity, temporary interventions will only reduce the overall number of disease cases moderately and spread them over a greater period of time unless
they virtually eliminate disease and no new infections occur from exogenous sources. Vaccinations can provide stronger benefit, but can be limited by efficacy and utilization rates. |
|
Nabors, C, Sridhar, et al |
Cardiol Rev |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We characterize the clinical course and outcomes of 73 patients aged 80 or older hospitalized at an academic center
between March 15th and May 13th, 2020. These patients had multiple comorbidities and often presented with atypical clinical findings such as altered sensorium, generalized weakness and falls. Cardiovascular manifestations observed at the time of presentation
included new arrhythmia 7/73 (10%), stroke/intracranial hemorrhage 5/73 (7%) and elevated troponin 27/58 (47%). During hospitalization, 38% of all patients required intensive care, 13% developed a need for renal replacement therapy and 32% required vasopressor
support. All-cause mortality was 47% and was highest in patients who were ever in intensive care (71%), required mechanical ventilation (83%), or vasopressors (91%), or developed a need for renal replacement therapy (100%). |
|
|
Neira Ramirez, Victor, Brito, et al |
medRxiv |
Clinical data| Données cliniques zoonoses |
Here, we describe the SARS-CoV-2 infection in a household of two human adults and sibling cats (one male and two females)
using real-time RT-PCR, an ELISA test, viral sequencing, and virus isolation. On May 5th, 2020, the cat-owners tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Two days later, the male cat showed mild respiratory symptoms and tested positive. Four days after the male cat,
the two female cats became positive, asymptomatically. Also, one human and one cat showed antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. All cats excreted detectable SARS-CoV-2 RNA for a shorter duration than humans and viral sequences analysis confirmed human-to-cat transmission.
We could not determine if cat-to-cat transmission also occurred. |
|
|
RAPPID: a platform of ratiometric bioluminescent sensors
for homogeneous immunoassays |
Ni, Yan, Rosier, et al |
bioRxiv |
Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes |
Here, we introduce RAPPID (Ratiometric Plug-and-Play Immunodiagnostics), a "mix-and-measure" homogeneous immunoassay
platform that combines highly specific antibody-based detection with a ratiometric bioluminescent readout that can be detected using a basic digital camera. We also introduce the use of a calibrator luciferase that provides a robust ratiometric signal, allowing
direct in-sample calibration and quantitative measurements in complex media such as blood plasma. We developed RAPPID sensors that allow low-picomolar detection of several protein biomarkers, anti-drug antibodies, therapeutic antibodies, and both SARS-CoV-2
spike protein and anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. RAPPID combines ratiometric bioluminescent detection with antibody-based target recognition into an easy-to-implement standardized workflow, and therefore represents an attractive, fast, and low-cost alternative
to traditional immunoassays, both in an academic setting and in clinical laboratories for point-of-care applications. |
|
Nie, L, Dai, et al |
Thorac Cancer |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Here, we aimed to characterize the early clinical features of lung cancer patients with COVID‐19 and identify risk
factors associated with in‐hospital mortality. Of the 45 lung cancer patients (median [interquartile range] age, 66 [58–74] years; 68.9% males) included, 34 (75.6%) discharged and 11 (24.4%) died. Fever (73.3%) and cough (53.3%) were the dominant initial symptoms,
and respiratory symptoms were common. Lung cancer patients also presented atypical appearances of COVID‐19. In the multivariable analysis, prolonged prolongation prothrombin time (PT) (OR = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.00–4.41, P = 0.0497) and elevated high sensitivity
cardiac troponin I (hs‐TNI) (OR = 7.65, 95% CI: 1.24–47.39, P = 0.0287) were associated with an increased risk of in‐hospital mortality. |
|
|
Tracheostomy in Patients With COVID-19: A Single-center Experience |
Obata, K, Miyata, et al |
In Vivo |
Infection Prevention and Control/ Prévention et contrôle des infections (IPAC/PCI)
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
We performed a retrospective analysis on 12 patients with severe COVID-19 who were intubated and underwent tracheostomy
in our hospital. Percutaneous tracheostomy was performed in eight cases, and open tracheostomy was performed in four cases. Open tracheostomy in the operating room was performed under a negative pressure closed-space system using a surgical drape to prevent
aerosolization. Our experience suggests that bedside percutaneous tracheostomy may be a useful option in patients with COVID-19. In cases where percutaneous tracheostomy is anticipated to be difficult, open tracheostomy using a negative pressure closure may
be useful in preventing aerosolization and reducing the risk of infection of healthcare workers. |
|
Initial
review of pregnancy and neonatal outcomes of pregnant women with COVID-19 infection |
Ogamba, I, Kliss, et al |
J Perinat Med |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We conducted a retrospective analysis of all pregnant women who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 within Nuvance Health
system. Total of 40 patients were identified. Average age was 29.6 years old, 35% were Hispanic, and approximately one in three patients had comorbidities. Of the patients who had repeated testing, the average number of days between first positive test and
negative test was 36.8 days (+/− 19.9 days). Three out of four women reported symptoms. Of the 40 pregnant women who were positive for SARS-CoV-2, 25 of them delivered. About 84% of the women delivered after 37 weeks. Twelve percent of the women delivered
under 33 and 6/7 weeks. Most patients had vaginal deliveries (68%) and the remaining had cesarean deliveries. Neonatal outcomes included: mean 1 and 5 min Apgar scores of 8 and 8.8, respectively and the mean birth weight was 3212 g. Twenty neonates were tested
for SARS-CoV-2 and were all found to be negative. |
|
Oh, Juhwan, Lee, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health interventions*| Interventions de sant&eacute;
publique |
Objectives: To determine the impact of restrictions on mobility on reducing transmission of COVID-19. In two thirds
of examined countries, reductions of up to 40% in commuting mobility (to workplaces, transit stations, retailers, and recreation) were associated with decreased COVID-19 incidence, more so early in the pandemic. However, these decreases plateaued as mobility
remained low or decreased further. We found smaller or negligible associations between mobility restriction and incidence rates in the late phase in most countries. |
|
|
Oluyase, AdejokeO, Hocaoglu, et al |
medRxiv |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
We studied the response of and challenges for palliative care services during the COVID-19 pandemic. 458 services responded;
277 UK, 85 rest of Europe, 95 rest of the world (1 country unreported); 81% cared for patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19, 77% had staff with suspected or confirmed COVID-19; 48% reported shortages of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), 40% staff
shortages, 24% medicines shortages, 14% shortages of other equipment. Services provided direct care and education in symptom management and communication; 91% changed how they worked. Care often shifted to increased community and hospital care, with fewer
admissions to inpatient palliative care units. Factors associated with increased odds of PPE shortages were: charity rather than public management (OR 3.07, 95% CI 1.81-5.20),inpatient palliative care unit rather than other setting (OR 2.34, 95% CI 1.46-3.75).
Being outside the UK was associated with lower odds of staff shortages (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.26-0.76). Staff described increased workload, concerns for their colleagues who were ill, whilst expending time struggling to get essential equipment and medicines, perceiving
they were not a front-line service. |
|
|
Ong, PaulM, Pech, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
Objective: To develop indicators of vulnerability for coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) infection in Los Angeles
County (LAC) by race and neighborhood characteristics. Neighborhoods most vulnerable to covid-19 are characterized by significant clustering of racial minorities, low income households and unmet medical needs. An overwhelming 73% of Blacks reside in the neighborhoods
with the two highest quintiles of pre-existing health conditions, followed by Latinx (70%) and Cambodians, Hmong and Laotians (CHL)(60%), while 60% of whites reside in low or the lowest vulnerable neighborhoods. For the Barriers to Accessing Healthcare indicator,
40% of Latinx reside in the highest vulnerability places followed by Blacks, CHL and other Asians (29%, 22%, and 16% respectively), compared with only 7% of Whites reside in such neighborhoods. The Built Environment Indicator finds CHL (63%) followed by Latinx
(55%) and Blacks (53%) reside in the neighborhoods designated as high or the highest vulnerability compared to 32% of Whites residing in these neighborhoods. The Social Vulnerability Indicator finds 42% of Blacks and Latinx and 38% of CHL residing in neighborhoods
of high vulnerability compared with only 8% of Whites residing these neighborhoods. |
|
|
New Zealand Religious Community Responses to COVID-19 While Under
Level 4 Lockdown |
Oxholm, T, Rivera, et al |
J Relig Health |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
This research combines interview data (n = 12) collected, as New Zealand moved into Level 3—Restrict and then Level
4—Lockdown, with Facebook and online news media analysis to understand how religious leaders and their communities responded to COVID-19. Our data found four challenges: (1) The requirement to reassess worship practices, (2) the need to mitigate any potential
for community transmission, (3) significant difficulties related to social distancing for communal religious practices, and lastly, (4) welfare and pastoral concerns for congregations and others in need. |
|
Oyelade, Olaide Nathaniel, Ezugwu, et al |
medRxiv |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection
d'agents pathogènes |
This paper therefore aims to advance the application deep learning technique to the problem of characterization and
detection of novel coronavirus. The approach adopted in this study proposes a convolutional neural network (CNN) model which is further enhanced using the technique of data augmentation. The proposed model is then applied to the COVID-19 X-ray dataset in this
study which is the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Chest X-Ray dataset obtained from Kaggle for the purpose of promoting early detection and screening of coronavirus disease. Results obtained showed that our approach achieved a performance of 100% accuracy,
recall/precision of 0.85, F-measure of 0.9, and specificity of 1.0. |
|
|
Phase II Clinical trial for Evaluation of BCG as
potential therapy for COVID-19 |
Padmanabhan, Usha, Mukherjee, et al |
medRxiv |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Therapeutics| Thérapeutique RCT |
It is accepted that BCG alleviates both pathogen and allergy induced respiratory diseases that could also include Covid-19.
To investigate this possibility, we randomly assigned 60 Covid-19 patients, after admission to the hospital with pneumonia and requirement for oxygen therapy in a 1:1 ratio to receive either a single adult dose of intradermal BCG or normal saline with concomitant
standard of care (SoC) medications. Primary endpoints were favorable prognosis of Covid-19 as deduced from resolution of pneumonia, viremia and secondary outcome were enumeration of ICU admissions, duration thereof and mortalities. Both primary and secondary
endpoints were significantly improved in the BCG+SoC group. This could be seen from reduction in oxygen requirement due to Covid-19 associated pneumonia decreasing from day 3-4, improved radiological resolution from day 7-15. There were a total of 6 (10%)
adverse events in the study of which 2 deaths and 4 ICU admissions were in SoC group (1 ICU admission culminated in death of the subject) and in contrast only 1 ICU admission in the BCG+SoC group. While there was an increase in Covid-19 specific IgG levels
in the BCG+SoC group, there was no evidence of BCG induced cytokine storm in this group. Four patients showed localized inflammatory response at the injection site in the BCG+SoC group. |
|
Pagano, AM, Maiese, et al |
Int J Environ Res Public Health |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
We conducted a two-phase observational study. In the first phase, we offered and then executed serum COVID-19 screening
to all the convicted inmates. For those who had a doubtful or positive result, a swab was executed in the shortest time possible. In the second phase, a pharyngeal swab was offered and executed to all the police officers, the penitentiary administrative staff
and the medical personnel working in the prison. In the first phase, we executed 485 COVID-19 blood tests on prisoners, 3 (0.61%) of which were positive. The three positive inmates underwent nasopharyngeal swabbing, which ultimately were negative. After that,
we executed 276 nasopharyngeal swabs on the prison personnel, penitentiary administrative staff and medical personnel—all were negative. |
|
|
Palladino, R, Bollon, et al |
Disaster Med Public Health Prep |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Public health interventions*| Interventions
de sant&eacute; publique |
We modeled the daily number of COVID-19 deaths in France, Italy, Spain, and United Kingdom from January 23rd to August
15th. We found that a more rapid and homogeneous response would have avoided a substantial number of deaths. Our results underline the need of strengthening public health emergency preparedness at |
|
|
Broncho-alveolar inflammation in COVID-19 patients: a correlation with
clinical outcome |
pandolfi, laura, Tommaso, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Immunology | Immunologie |
We conducted a prospective study to assess alveolar inflammatory status in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19.
The burden of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL6 and IL8 in the broncho-alveolar environment is associated with clinical outcome. |
|
Parcesepe, Angela, Robertson, et al |
medRxiv |
Mental Health |
|
Objective: To estimate the prevalence of anxiety symptoms and the association between moderate or severe anxiety symptoms
and health and potential stressors among adults in the U.S. during the COVID-19 pandemic. (35%) of participants reported moderate or severe anxiety symptoms. Having lost income due to COVID-19 (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] 1.27 (95% CI 1.16, 1.30), having
recent COVID-like symptoms (aPR 1.17 (95% CI 1.05, 1,31), and having been previously diagnosed with depression (aPR 1.49, (95% CI 1.35, 1.64) were positively associated with anxiety symptoms. |
|
|
Paul, T, Joy, et al |
Am J Trop Med Hyg |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Here, we have discussed a case of severe COVID-19 pneumonia, developing ischemic colitis, as a rare GI complication.
The cause of ischemia in COVID-19 pneumonia is multifactorial, including hypercoagulable state, coagulopathy leading to thromboembolic complications, and use of vasopressors in severely ill patients with hemodynamic compromise. |
|
|
Chilblains-like lesions and SARS-CoV-2 in children: an overview in therapeutic
approach |
Pavone, P, Marino, et al |
Dermatol Ther |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Herein we discuss two pediatric cases, presenting with skin lesions, which tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2, thus, briefly
reviewing current literature for similar reports and related management. |
|
Pecson, BrianM, Darby, et al |
medRxiv |
Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes |
These findings of this paper suggest that a variety of methods are capable of producing reproducible results, though
the same standard operating procedure (SOP) or laboratory should be selected to track SARS-CoV-2 trends at a given facility. The methods showed a 7-log10 range of recovery efficiency and limit of detection highlighting the importance of recovery correction
and the need to consider method sensitivity when selecting methods for wastewater surveillance. |
|
|
Petras, Marek, Lesny, et al |
bioRxiv |
Vaccine Research| Recherche sur les vaccins Animal model | Modèle animal |
Our aim was to design a semi-split inactivated vaccine offering a wide range of multi-epitope determinants important
for the immune system including not only the spike (S) protein but also the envelope, membrane and nucleocapsid proteins. We designed a semi-split vaccine prototype consisting of S protein-depleted viral particles and free S protein. Next, we investigated
its immunogenic potential in BALB/c mice. The animals were immunized intradermally or intramuscularly. The data showed a very early onset of both S protein-specific antibodies and virus-neutralizing antibodies at 90% inhibition regardless of the route of vaccine
administration. However, significantly higher levels of neutralizing antibodies were detected in the intradermally (geometric mean titer - GMT of 7.8 ± 1.4) than in the intramuscularly immunized mice (GMT of 6.2 ± 1.5). We demonstrated that the semi-split
vaccine is capable of eliciting both humoral and cellular immunity early after vaccination. |
|
|
Pilarowski, Genay, Lebel, et al |
medRxiv |
Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes |
We evaluated the performance of the Abbott BinaxNOWTM Covid-19 rapid antigen test to detect virus among persons, regardless
of symptoms, at a public plaza site of ongoing community transmission. Titration with cultured clinical SARS-CoV-2 yielded a human observable threshold between 1.6x104-4.3x104 viral RNA copies (cycle threshold (Ct) of 30.3-28.8 in this assay). Among 878 subjects
tested, 3% (26/878) were positive by RT-PCR, of which 15/26 had a Ct<30, indicating high viral load. 40% (6/15) of Ct<30 were asymptomatic. Using this Ct<30 threshold for Binax-CoV2 evaluation, the sensitivity of the Binax-CoV2 was 93.3% (14/15), 95% CI: 68.1-99.8%,
and the specificity was 99.9% (862/863), 95% CI: 99.4-99.9%. |
|
|
Rapid SARS-CoV-2 Detection by Carbon Nanotube-Based
Near-Infrared Nanosensors |
Pinals, RebeccaL, Ledesma, et al |
medRxiv |
Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes |
Here, we introduce a single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT)-based optical sensing approach towards these ends. We construct
a nanosensor based on SWCNTs noncovalently functionalized with ACE2, a host protein with high binding affinity for the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Presence of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein elicits a robust, two-fold nanosensor fluorescence increase within 90
min of spike protein exposure. We characterize the nanosensor stability and sensing mechanism, and passivate the nanosensor to preserve sensing response in saliva and viral transport medium. We further demonstrate that these ACE2-SWCNT nanosensors retain sensing
capacity in a surface-immobilized format, exhibiting a 73% fluorescence turn-on response within 5 s of exposure to 35 mg/L SARS-CoV-2 virus-like particles. Our data demonstrate that ACE2-SWCNT nanosensors can be developed into an optical tool for rapid SARS-CoV-2
detection. |
|
Caspases in COVID-19 Disease and Sequela and the
Therapeutic Potential of Caspase Inhibitors |
Plassmeyer, Matthew, Alpan, et al |
medRxiv |
Long-Term Sequelae |
|
In this study, we assessed transcriptional states of caspases in immune cells from COVID-19 patients and profiled intra-cellular
caspases in immune cells and red blood cells derived from a spectrum of COVID-19 patients hospitalized with acute disease or convalescent. Gene expression levels of select caspases were increased in in vitro SARS-CoV-2 infection models and single cell RNA-Seq
data of peripheral blood from COVID-19 patients showed a distinct pattern of caspase expression in T cell, neutrophils, and dendritic cells. Flow cytometric evaluation of CD4 T cells showed up-regulation of caspase-1 in hospitalized COVID-19 patients compared
to unexposed controls, with the exception of a subset of patients with asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Convalescent COVID-19 patients with lingering symptoms (long haulers) showed persistent up-regulation of caspase-1 in CD4 T cells that was attenuated
ex vivo following co-culture with a select pan-caspase inhibitor. Further, we observed elevated caspase 3 levels in red blood cells from COVID-19 patients compared to controls that were responsive to caspase inhibition. Taken together, our results expose an
exuberant caspase response in COVID-19 that may facilitate immune-related pathological processes leading to severe outcomes. |
|
POLO FRIZ, Hernan, GELFI, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
The present study aimed to assess the prevalence of acute pulmonary embolosm (APE) in patients admitted to internal
medicine department wards for non-critical COVID-19. The traditional diagnostic tools to identify high APE pre-test probability patients does not seem to be clinically useful. These results support the use of a low threshold of suspicion for performing CTPA
to exclude or confirm APE as the most appropriate diagnostic approach in this clinical setting |
|
|
Pradhan, Somen Kumar, Sahu, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
The present study has been planned with an objective to understand the patient profile and evaluate the functioning
of COVID-19 screening OPD(CS-OPD) at a tertiary care hospital. A total of 10,735 patients visited the COVID-19 screening OPD during the defined study period out of which 3652 individuals were tested. Majority of the patients, i.e. 65.67% (7050) were male and
in 15-59 years age group (84.68%). Most common symptoms among patients visiting CS-OPD was Cough (9.86%). Out of the total, 17.17% (1843) of patient reported to the CS-OPD with contact history of COVID-19 positive patient. On the other hand, 13.49% (1448)
of patients were with either domestic or international travel history. The overall testing rate and positivity rate for CS-OPD during this period were found to be 34.02% and 7.94% respectively. |
|
|
Pugliese, L, Sbordone, et al |
In Vivo |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
This study investigated the correlation of chest computed tomography (CT), findings, graded using two different scoring
methods, with clinical and laboratory features and disease outcome, including a novel clinical predictive score, in patients with novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia (NCIP). |
|
|
Cohorting of Non-Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients:
A Multicenter Survey Study (COVID-COHORT) |
Purohit, Ushma, Fralick, et al |
medRxiv |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
An international multicenter, survey study was conducted to identify what strategies are planned or in place for patients
with COVID-19 who are not critically ill. The survey was distributed from March 23-29th, 2020 to GIM physicians in Canada, USA, Denmark, Singapore, Hong Kong, and England. 29 of 31 hospitals (94%) indicated that they plan on cohorting all GIM patients with
COVID-19 to one location in the hospital. The primary reasons for this decision were to limit the spread of COVID-19 and conserve PPE use. |
|
Ragheb, Jacqueline, McKinney, et al |
medRxiv |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Long-Term Sequelae |
|
The objective of this study was to characterize the clinical course of delirium for COVID-19 patients in the intensive
care unit, including post-discharge cognitive outcomes. Delirium was identified in 107/148 (72%) patients in the study cohort, with median (interquartile range) duration lasting 10 (4 - 17) days. |
|
|
Richmond, HL, Tome, et al |
Int J Environ Res Public Health |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
To identify the degree to which social determinants of health predict COVID-19 cumulative case rates at the county-level
in Georgia, we performed a sequential, cross-sectional ecologic analysis using a diverse set of socioeconomic and demographic variables. Findings indicate the social determinants of health and demographic factors continue to predict case rates of COVID-19
at the county-level as the pandemic evolves. |
|
|
Riley, Steven, Ainslie, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
Here we report interim results for round 6 of observations for swabs collected from the 16th to 25th October 2020 inclusive.
We estimate prevalence of PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, reproduction numbers (R) and temporal trends using exponential growth or decay models. The co-occurrence of high prevalence and rapid growth means that the second wave of the epidemic in England
has now reached a critical stage. |
|
|
Riou, Catherine, Schafer, et al |
medRxiv |
Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes |
Using a rapid whole blood assay requiring minimal amount of blood, we measured qualitatively and quantitatively SARS-CoV-2-specific
CD4 T cell responses in 31 healthcare workers, using flow cytometry. 100% of COVID-19 convalescent participants displayed a detectable SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4 T cell response. SARS-CoV-2-responding cells were also detected in 40.9% of participants with no
COVID-19-associated symptoms or who tested PCR negative. |
|
|
Rocha-Filho, P, Magalhães, et al |
Cephalalgia |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We assess the frequency and characteristics of headache in patients with COVID-19 and whether there is an association
between headache and anosmia and ageusia. Seventy-three patients were included in the study, 63% were male; the median age was 58 years (IQR: 47–66). Forty-seven patients (64.4%) reported headaches, which had most frequently begun on the first day of symptoms,
were bilateral (94%), presenting severe intensity (53%) and a migraine phenotype (51%). Headache associated with COVID-19 presented a migraine phenotype more frequently in those experiencing previous migraine (p < 0.05). |
|
|
COVID-19 morbidity and
mortality in 2020: the case of the city of Rio de Janeiro |
Rodrigues, NCP, Andrade, et al |
J Bras Pneumol |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health interventions*| Interventions de sant&eacute;
publique |
In the present study, we investigated possible changes in trends, as well as the levels of morbidity and mortality,
associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during the pandemic in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. |
|
Rogers, AA, Ha, et al |
J Adolesc Health |
Mental Health |
|
In a mixed-methods study of U.S. adolescents, we examined (1) adolescents' perceptions of how their social and emotional
lives had changed during COVID-19; and (2) associations between these perceived changes and indices of their mental health, above and beyond their prepandemic mental health status. Our findings sensitize clinicians and scholars to the vulnerabilities (changes
in friendship dynamics), as well as resiliencies (supportive family contexts), presented to U.S. adolescents during the early months of COVID-19. |
|
|
Rapid homogeneous assay for detecting antibodies
against SARS-CoV-2 |
Rusanen, Juuso, Kareinen, et al |
medRxiv |
Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes |
We have developed a rapid homogenous approach for antibody detection termed LFRET (protein L-based time-resolved Förster
resonance energy transfer immunoassay). In LFRET, fluorophore-labeled protein L and antigen are brought to close proximity by antigen-specific patient immunoglobulins of any isotype, resulting in TR-FRET signal generation. In identifying individuals with or
without a detectable neutralizing antibody response, LFRET outperformed ELISA in specificity (91-96% vs. 82-87%), while demonstrating an equal sensitivity (98%). This study demonstrates the applicability of LFRET, a 10-minute 'mix and read' assay, to detection
of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. |
|
Effectiveness of quarantine and testing to prevent
COVID-19 transmission from arriving travelers |
Russell, WA, Buckeridge, et al |
medRxiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health
interventions*| Interventions de santé publique |
We developed a mathematical simulation to evaluate the effectiveness of quarantine and testing, alone and in combination,
across a variety of scenarios. We found that quarantine was more effective than testing alone, even for quarantine as short as two days, and the value of adding testing to quarantine diminished for longer quarantine durations. Testing was most effective if
performed near the end of quarantine. Compliance of travelers and the percent of infections that were asymptomatic greatly influenced policy effectiveness. |
|
Saad, AliA, Saad, et al |
medRxiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health
interventions*| Interventions de sant&eacute; publique Economics | Économie |
In this study, we explore the efficacy of an Active Surveillance testing model where a random number of students are
tested daily for early detection of asymptomatic patients and for prevention of the infection among the student population. In addition to health impacts, we also analyze the financial impact of deploying the Active Surveillance system in schools while taking
into consideration lost workdays of parents, hospitalization costs, and testing costs. |
|
|
Sahoo, Durgesh Prasad, Singh, et al |
medRxiv |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
In this study, we have reported our experience of contact tracing and risk categorization in a tertiary care teaching
hospital in Eastern India. The case identification, risk stratification and contact tracing have helped in reducing the number of contacts with due course of time, so preventing the depletion of human resources for continuing health care. |
|
|
Are Mobile Phones part of the chain of transmission
of SARS-CoV-2 in the hospital? |
Sanchez Espinoza, Evelyn Patricia, Farrel Cortes, et al |
medRxiv |
Infection Prevention and Control/ Prévention et contrôle des infections (IPAC/PCI)
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
We investigate healthcare workers(HCWs) knowledge about SARS-CoV-2 cross-transmission and conceptions whether the virus
can remain on HCWs mobile phones(MPs) and be part of the chain of transmission. Fifty-one MPs were swabbed and a questionnaire about hand hygiene and MP use and disinfection was applied after an educational campaign. |
|
Impact of the coronavirus pandemic on pediatric eye-related emergency department
services |
Shah, K, Camhi, et al |
J aapos |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
Literature describing the trends and utilization of pediatric eye-related emergency department (ED) visits is limited.
We performed a retrospective cohort study of 311 pediatric patients visiting Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (BPEI) ED between March and May 2020 to quantify the effect of the coronavirus (COVID-19) on ophthalmology care utilization. In our study, pediatric ED
visits declined by half at the onset of the pandemic in March. The number of visits reached the lowest point in early April and increased to 48% of the pre-COVID volume by the end of May. Despite changes in volume, patient demographics and clinical diagnoses
were relatively consistent throughout the pandemic. |
|
Sharma, P, Joshi, et al |
J Biomol Struct Dyn |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
For the identification of potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro, we applied a structure-based virtual screening approach
followed by molecular dynamics (MD) study. A library of 686 phytochemicals was subjected to virtual screening which resulted in 28 phytochemicals based on binding energy. The results of 100 ns MD simulation, RMSF, SASA, Rg, and MM/PBSA show that Epsilon-viniferin
(-29.240 kJ/mol), Mpro-Peimisine (-43.031 kJ/mol) and Gmelanone (-13.093 kJ/mol) form a stable complex with Mpro and could be used as potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. |
|
|
A New Approach to the Dynamic Modeling of an Infectious
Disease |
Shayak, B, Sharma, et al |
medRxiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Public health interventions*| Interventions
de sant&eacute; publique |
Propose a delay differential equation as a lumped parameter or compartmental COVID-19 infectious disease model featuring
high descriptive and predictive capability, extremely high adaptability and low computational requirement. After demonstrating that the baseline model can successfully explain the COVID-19 case trajectories observed all over the world, we systematically show
how the model can be expanded to account for heterogeneous transmissibility, detailed contact tracing drives, mass testing endeavours and immune responses featuring different combinations of limited-time sterilizing immunity, severity-reducing immunity and
antibody dependent enhancement |
|
Estimating County-Level COVID-19 Exponential Growth Rates Using Generalized Random Forests |
She, Zhaowei, Wang, et al |
arXiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Surveillance |
Rapid and accurate detection of community outbreaks is critical to address the threat of resurgent waves of COVID-19.
This paper presents a machine learning framework to balance accuracy vs. speed using generalized random forests (GRF), and applies it to detect county level COVID-19 outbreaks. |
|
Factors Associated with COVID-19 Deaths and Infections:
A Cross Country Evidence |
Shimul, ShafiunN, Kadir, et al |
medRxiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
Attempts to understand the covariates of death and infection rates of COVID-19 across countries using multivariate
regression analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression. The OLS estimates show that the aging population and hospital bed per capita are significantly associated with the fatality rate of COVID-19, while urbanization has
a positive correlation with the inflection rate. The study suggests that an increase in health systems capacity can significantly reduce the fatality rates due to COVID-19. |
|
Shnaydman, Vladimir |
medRxiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Vaccine Research| Recherche sur les
vaccins Economics | Économie |
Presents modeling results for COVID-19 vaccines portfolio forecasting, including R&D output (rate and likelihood of
approvals at a vaccine technology platform level) and manufacturing production output to meet worldwide demand. To minimize the time and risk of global vaccination, scaling up of Operation Warp Speed (OWS) and other programs could be very beneficial, leading
to increased financing for additional vaccine development programs. OWS would also lead to a reduction of the global production time for world vaccination, from 75 months for a baseline scenario to 36 months, reducing potential global GDP loss by as much as
US$4.2 trillion (US ~ $1 trillion) when compared to the baseline scenario. |
|
|
Silva, MTT, Lima, et al |
Cephalalgia |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Describe the characteristics of headache and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) profiles in COVID-19 patients (n=56), highlighting
the cases of isolated intracranial hypertension. |
|
|
Singh, Avaneesh, Bajpai, et al |
medRxiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
A time-dependent SEAIHCRD model is the extension of the SEIR model, which includes some new compartment that is asymptomatic
infectious people, hospitalized people, critical people, and dead compartments. In this article, the authors analyzed six countries, namely the United States, Brazil, India, South Africa, Russia, and Mexico using a time-dependent SEAIHCRD model. Calculations
on the magnitude of peaks for exposed people, asymptomatic infectious people, symptomatic infectious people, hospitalized people, the number of people admitted to ICUs, and the number of COVID-19 deaths over time are estimated. |
|
|
Solmaz, I, Özçaylak, et al |
Int J Clin Pract |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Determine the factors that affect the course of the disease in the hospitalized patients with COVID 19 to reveal whether
the seasonal change has an effect on the disease course. As the seasonal temperature increases, decrease in WBC, PLT and albumin levels and increase in LDH and AST levels were observed. Risk of need for ICU has been found statistically significant (p<0.05)
with the increase in the age, LDH levels and CRP levels and with the decrease in the Ca and Albumin levels. |
|
|
Disruptions in preventive care: Mammograms during the COVID-19 pandemic |
Song, H, Bergman, et al |
Health Serv Res |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
Measure the extent to which the provision of mammograms was impacted by the COVID‐19 pandemic and surrounding guidelines. |
|
Sönmez Güngör, E, Yalçın, et al |
Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Psychiatric patients are at increased risk of contamination, morbidity, and mortality associated with COVID-19, together
with potentially more pronounced adverse effects. |
|
|
Souchelnytskyi, Serhiy, Souchelnytskyi, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
Argue that an assessment of the effectiveness of chloroquine on treatment of COVID-19 patients requires the identification
of a companion diagnostic. Systemic analysis of molecular mechanisms and markers engaged by chloroquine and SARS-CoV-2 virus was performed. Some of these markers are already used in the clinic and their interpretation may contribute to monitoring for adverse
effects of chloroquine. |
|
|
Sourij, Harald, Aziz, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Assess predictors of in-hospital mortality in people with prediabetes and diabetes hospitalized for COVID19 infection
and developed a risk score for identifying those at the highest risk of a fatal outcome. In-hospital mortality for COVID−19 was high in people with diabetes and not significantly different to the risk in people with prediabetes. A risk score using five routinely
available patient parameters demonstrated excellent predictive performance for assessing in-hospital mortality. |
|
|
Sousa, Tatiane Cristina Moraes de, Moreira, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health interventions*| Interventions de sant&eacute;
publique |
Developed an RT-PCR testing intensity effort index (RT-PCR TIEI) composed of seven indicators to assess the intensity
of testing efforts in the state of São Paulo. |
|
|
Comparison of before and after COVID-19 urology practices of a pandemic hospital |
Soytaş, M, Boz, et al |
Turk J Urol |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
The study demonstrates although the numbers have decreased, similar operations can be performed in daily urology practice
without any contamination and mortality during the pandemic, when compared to the pre-pandemic period, by taking precautions and following the algorithms. |
|
Repeated cross-sectional sero-monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 in New York City |
Stadlbauer, D, Tan, et al |
Nature |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Immunology | Immunologie |
Conducted a retrospective, repeated cross-sectional analysis of anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike antibodies in weekly intervals
from the beginning of February to July 2020 using more than 10,000 plasma samples from routine care and urgent care patients at Mount Sinai Hospital in NYC. Seroprevalence increased at different rates in both groups, with seropositive samples as early as
mid-February, and levelled out at slightly above 20% in both groups after the epidemic wave subsided by the end of May. From May to July seroprevalence stayed stable, suggesting lasting antibody levels in the population |
|
Stange, Madlen, Mari, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Transmission Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
Present a phylogenetic cross-sectional study and explore viral introduction and evolution during the exponential early
phase of a local COVID-19 outbreak in Basel, Switzerland. |
|
|
The outcome of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients with COVID-19 infection |
Sultan, AM, Mahmoud, et al |
Bone Marrow Transplant |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Describe the clinical course of stem cell transplant recipients (n=7) who survived a diagnosis of COVID-19. |
|
Sun, H, Wang, et al |
J Clin Nurs |
Mental Health |
|
The purpose of this study was to understand the emotional intelligence level (EI) and negative emotional status of
the front‐line nurses in the epidemic situation. The emotional intelligence of the front‐line nurses was in the upper middle range. Among the negative emotions, anxiety was the most prominent symptom. |
|
|
Takhar, A, Tornari, et al |
J Laryngol Otol |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
Analyzed the timing and outcomes of percutaneous tracheostomy (n=81) in COVID-19 patients and reports experiences of
a dedicated ENT–anaesthetics department led tracheostomy team. |
|
|
Effect of mitigation measures on the spreading of COVID-19 in hard-hit states
in the U.S |
Tam, KM, Walker, et al |
PLoS One |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health
interventions*| Interventions de sant&eacute; publique |
Investigate the change in the infection rate due to the mitigation efforts and project death and infection counts through
September 2020 for the states of New York, New Jersey, Michigan, Massachusetts, Illinois, and Louisiana. Analysis find that with the current mitigation efforts, five of those six states have reduced their base reproduction number to a value less than one,
stopping the exponential growth of the pandemic. Different scenarios after the mitigation is relaxed are also projected. |
|
Tan, HB, Xiong, et al |
Sci Rep |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection
d'agents pathogènes |
Explore the possibility of predicting COVID-19 pneumonia clinical presentations by analyzing the non-focus area of
the lung in the first chest CT image of patients with COVID-19 using automatic machine learning. |
|
|
Ter-Sarkisov, Aram |
medRxiv |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection
d'agents pathogènes |
We introduce a lightweight Mask R-CNN model that segments areas with the Ground Glass Opacity and Consolidation in
chest CT scans. Without any data balancing and manipulations, and using only a small fraction of the training data, COVID-CT-Mask-Net classification model with 6.12M total and 600K trainable parameters derived from Mask R-CNN, achieves 91.35% COVID-19 sensitivity,
91.63% Common Pneumonia sensitivity, 96.98% true negative rate and 93.95% overall accuracy on COVIDx-CT dataset (21191 images). We also present a thorough analysis of the regional features critical to the correct classification of the image |
|
|
Prediction of COVID-19 Possibilities using KNN Classification Algorithm |
Theerthagiri, Prasannavenkatesan, Jacob, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
This paper studies the different machine learning classification algorithms to predict the COVID-19 recovered and deceased
cases. The prediction scores of each algorithm are evaluated with performance metrics such as prediction accuracy, precision, recall, mean square error, confusion matrix, and kappa score. |
|
Urhan, Aysun, Abeel, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
In this study, we analyzed SARS-CoV-2 genomes in the Netherlands, in the context of global viral population since the
beginning of the pandemic. We have identified the most variant sites on the whole genome as well as the stable, conserved ones on the S and N proteins. We found four mutations, S:D614G, NSP12b:P314L, NSP3:F106F, to be the most frequent ones that dominate the
SARS-CoV-2 population outside of China. Our analyses suggest we have diverged away from the current SARS-CoV-2 reference enough that the reference should be re-evaluated to represent the current viral population more accurately. |
|
|
van Steenkiste, Job, van Herwerden, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
Our main objective was to investigate whether High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) treatment on the wards could be an effective
alternative treatment for patients not eligible for invasive mechanical ventilation. This study suggests that HFNC could be an effective last resort respiratory management strategy for respiratory failure in vulnerable elderly COVID-19 patients who failed
on conventional high dose oxygen supply and are not eligible for invasive mechanical ventilation. |
|
|
Multi-Targeting Approach in Selection of Potential Molecule for COVID-19
Treatment |
Velagacherla, Varalakshmi, Suresh, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
In this work, we have attempted to screen already approved drugs that have shown an affinity towards multiple protein
targets of COVID-19 using Schrödinger suit. Computational tools such as molecular docking were used to identify the most suitable molecule that forms a stable interaction with the selected viral proteins. The drug nintedanib, used for idiopathic pulmonary
fibrosis has the highest binding stability among the shortlisted molecules towards the selected viral target proteins. and can be considered for repurposing for COVVID-19 managenent. |
|
Velázquez-Kennedy, K, Luna, et al |
Transfusion |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques Healthcare Response |
Réponse des soins de santé |
The objective of this study was to assess the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on transfusion demand in the hospital
blood supply. A total of 68 COVID patients requiring transfusion (45%) died during their admission, 62 (41.1%) were discharged from hospital, and 21 (13.9%) were still admitted at the point of data collection. There was no association found between a restrictive
vs liberal transfusion strategy and mortality in our cohort of COVID patients. Although only a minority of COVID-19 inpatients required transfusion, the expected reduction in transfusion needs caused by the lack of elective surgical procedures is partially
offset by the large number of admitted patients during the peak of the pandemic. |
|
|
Computational prediction of SARS-CoV-2 encoded miRNAs
and their putative host targets |
Verma, Sonia, Dwivedy, et al |
bioRxiv |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
We identified 8 putative novel miRNAs from SARS-CoV-2 genome and explored their possible human gene targets. A significant
proportion of these targets populated key immune and metabolic pathways such as MAPK signaling pathway, maturity-onset diabetes of the young, Insulin signaling pathway, endocytosis, RNA transport, TGF-β signaling pathway, to name a few. Analysis of these datasets
reveal that a significant proportion of the target human genes were down-regulated upon SARS-CoV-2 infection. |
|
Vijayan, T, Shin, et al |
Clin Infect Dis |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
The objective of this study was to highlight geographic differences and the socio-structural determinants of SARS-CoV-2
test positivity within Los Angeles County (LAC). Between 1 March and 30 June 2020 there were 843,440 SARS-CoV-2 tests and 86,383 diagnoses reported, for an overall positivity rate of 10.2% within the study area. Communities with high proportions of Latino/a
residents, those living below the federal poverty line and with high household densities had higher crude positivity rates. Age- adjusted diagnosis rates were significantly associated with the proportion of Latino/as, individuals living below the poverty line,
population, and household density. |
|
|
Vince, Adriana, Zadro, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Immunology | Immunologie |
The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 IgA and IgG antibodies in the cohort
of asymptomatic and SARS-CoV-2 PCR negative professional football players in the Croatian First Football League by using a commercial ELISA antibody assay in the paired serum samples taken 2 months apart. Sixty-one (20%) participants were reactive in one or
two classes of antibodies at baseline and/or follow-up serology testing. Various patterns of IgA and IgG reactivity were found in the paired serum samples. Based on serology dynamics we estimate that in 5.9%-10.5% of PCR negative football players asymptomatic
exposure to SARS-CoV-2 during pandemics could not be excluded. |
|
|
Voigt, André, Martyushenko, et al |
medRxiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health
interventions*| Interventions de sant&eacute; publique |
Guided by the finding that large households function as hubs for the propagation of COVID-19, we developed a data-driven
individual-based epidemiological network-model to assess the intervention efficiency of targeted testing of large households. For an outbreak with reproductive numbers R between 1.1 and 2, our results suggest that the intervention effect of weekly pooled testing
of the 10% largest households in an urban area is on par with the effect of imposing strict lockdown measures. By testing no more than 20% of households every 4 days, the model predicts that one can reduce R from 1.6 to below unity over a few weeks, lowering
the prevalence by 75%. |
|
|
A Novel Primer Probe Set for Detection of SARS-CoV-2
by Sensitive Droplet Digital PCR |
Wang, Fang, Pervaiz, et al |
medRxiv |
Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes |
The aim of this study was to develop a new primer-probe set targeting N gene of SARS-CoV-2 to improve the sensitivity
for detection of COVID-19 Corona Virus Disease 2019 in multiplex rRT-PCR. The novel primer-probe set(LZU3) targeting N gene of SARS-CoV-2 could be both used in rRT-PCR and ddPCR with better sensitivity, furthermore, ddPCR method had higer sensitivity than
rRT-PCR, hence it could significantly improve SARS-CoV-2 detection efficiency in low virus load and asymptomatic infection. |
|
Wang, G, Guan, et al |
Disaster Med Public Health Prep |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques Mental Health |
|
The objective of this study was to investigate risk factors and psychological stress of health care workers (HCWs)
with COVID-19 in a non-frontline clinical department. The overall infection rate was 4.8% in HCWs. 10 of 25 HCWs who contacted with 2 source patients were diagnosed with confirmed COVID-19 (8/10) and suspected COVID-19 (2/10). Other 2 HCWs were transmitted
by other patients or colleagues. Most HCWs experienced a mild course with 2 asymptomatic infections, taking 9.8 days and 20.9 days to obtain viral shedding and clinical cure, respectively. Psychological stress included worry (58.3%), anxiety (83.3%), depression
(58.3%), and insomnia (58.3%). |
|
|
Wang, X, Lin, et al |
J Infect |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
The objective of this study was to describe the risk perception and behavioral responses among Chinese adults and to
assess the associations of risk communication, risk perception, and behavioral adherence during the COVID-19 epidemic. An overwhelmingly high prevalence of Chinese people was exposed to COVID-19 related risk communication messages (86.5%) and an overwhelming
majority of respondents reported engagement in preventive behaviors (88.3%). Exposed to risk communication messages were positively associated with engaging in preventive behaviors, whereas, believing in misinformation were negatively associated with wearing
masks when in public. |
|
|
Participation in TREC 2020 COVID Track Using Continuous Active Learning |
Wang, Xue Jun, Grossman, et al |
arXiv |
Public Health Priorities| Priorités de santé publique Healthcare Response | Réponse
des soins de santé |
The goal of TREC-COVID is to contribute to the response to the COVID-19 pandemic by identifying answers to many pressing
questions and building infrastructure to improve search systems |
|
Wang, Y, Chen, et al |
BMC Med |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Transmission Mental Health |
|
This longitudinal single-arm cohort study conducted in China aimed to evaluate the long-term impact of Covid-19 in
pregnancy on mother’s psychological status and infant’s neurobehavioral development. 22.2% of pregnant patients were suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder or depression at 3 months after delivery or induced abortion. There was no definite evidence
on vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2. After the termination of maternal quarantine, 49.1% of mothers chose to prolong the mother-baby separation. Negative associations were significantly identified between mother-baby separation days and three developmental
domains: communication, gross motor, and personal-social. |
|
|
[Impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on anxiety among the elderly in community] |
Wang, ZH, Qi, et al |
Zhonghua yi xue za zhi |
Mental Health |
|
The objective of this study was to compare the prevalence of anxiety among elderly people before and during the COVID-19
epidemic in China. The prevalence of anxiety symptoms in the elderly population was 4.95% before the outbreak of COVID-19, and 10.10% during the epidemic. The risk factors of developing anxiety symptoms during the epidemic were living in rural areas, participating
in social activities regularly, having a good relationship with friends and were quarantined or people around were quarantined for medical observation. |
|
Wijesekara, NWANY, H |
Research Square prepub |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Transmission Healthcare Response | Réponse
des soins de santé |
Objective of this study was to simulate the widespread community transmission of Covid-19 in Sri Lanka. The cumulative
number of cases needing admission, ICU care and ventilation are predicted allowing health care authorities to prepare for worst-case scenarios. |
|
|
Wohlers, Inken, Calonga-Solís, et al |
bioRxiv |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Recent genome wide association studies (GWAS) have identified genetic risk factors for developing severe COVID-19 symptoms.
Zeberg and Pääbo found that a genomic region is inherited from Neanderthals of Vindija in Croatia. Here we add a differently focused evaluation of this major genetic risk factor to these recent analyses. We show that (i) COVID-19-related genetic factors of
Neanderthals deviate from those of modern humans and that (ii) they differ among world-wide human populations, which compromises risk prediction in non-Europeans. Currently, caution is thus advised in the genetic risk assessment of non-Europeans during this
world-wide COVID-19 pandemic. |
|
|
Wu, Xiaolin, Chan, et al |
medRxiv |
Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes |
We report a rapid digital CRISPR method developed for the absolute quantification of SARS-CoV-2 DNA and Epstein−Barr
virus DNA in human samples that yields results within 1 hour. Digital CRISPR allows absolute quantification of DNA with a dynamic range from 0.6 to 2027 copies/µL, without cross reactivity on similar virus and human background DNA. |
|
|
Wyllie, DavidH, Mulchandani, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques Immunology | Immunologie |
The objective of this prospective cohort study was to describe T cell and antibody responses to the SARS-COV-2 virus
in 2,847 UK keyworkers. At recruitment in June 2020, we measured numbers of interferon-γ secreting, SARS-CoV-2 responsive T cells using T-SPOT® Discovery SARS-CoV-2 kits, and antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 proteins using commercial immunoassays. Of the participants
with higher T cell responses, 367 (53%) had detectable antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 nuclear or spike proteins. During a median of 118 days follow-up, 20 participants with lower T cell responses developed COVID-19, compared with none in the population
with high T cell responses. Peripheral blood SARS-CoV-2 responsive T cell numbers are associated with risk of developing COVID-19. |
|
|
Xia, QD, Xun, et al |
Cell Prolif |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
In this study, we explored the molecular mechanism of the action of Lianhua Qingwen capsule (LQC) in COVID‐19 using
network pharmacology and molecular docking. We found that Akt1 was a hub gene that LQC primarily regulated, suggesting a novel target for COVID‐19 treatment. |
|
|
Yan, L, Cai, et al |
J Cell Mol Med |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Immunology | Immunologie |
A total of 11 convalescent patients with COVID-19 and 11 patients with non-SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia (control patients)
were enrolled in this study. NK, CD8(+) T, CD4(+) T, Tfh-like and B-cell subsets were analysed. NK cell counts were significantly higher in patients with COVID-19 than in control patients. Effector memory CD8(+) T-cell counts significantly increased in patients
with COVID-19 during a convalescent period of 1 week. TIM-3(+) Tfh-like cell and CD226(+) Tfh-like cell counts significantly increased and decreased, respectively, during the same period. Moreover, ICOS(+) Tfh-like cell counts tended to decrease. No abnormal
increase in cytokine levels was observed. |
|
|
Yang, Bingyi, Huang, et al |
medRxiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health
interventions*| Interventions de sant&eacute; publique |
We estimated weekly values of the effective basic reproductive number (Reff) using a mechanistic metapopulation model
and associated these with county-level characteristics and non-pharmaceutical interventions in the United States. Interventions that included school and leisure activities closure and nursing home visiting bans were all associated with an Reff below 1 when
combined with either stay at home orders or face masks. While direct causal effects of interventions remain unclear, our results suggest that relaxation of some NPIs will need to be counterbalanced by continuation and/or implementation of others. |
|
|
Dating the emergence of the first case of COVID-19 with flights: a retrospective
modelling study |
Yang, Liwei, Zhu, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
Understanding the effect of international and inter-state flights on virus transmission is important to evaluate the
initial response of the outbreak. The evaluation suggests a high likelihood of the emergence of the first case of COVID-19 be around September 15 and September 22, 2019. |
|
Yaron, Daniel, Keidar, et al |
arXiv |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection
d'agents pathogènes |
Here we train deep neural networks to significantly enhance the capability to detect, grade and monitor COVID-19 patients
using chest X-rays (CXRs) and lung ultrasound (LUS). Collaborating with several hospitals in Israel we collect a large dataset of CXRs and use this dataset to train a neural network obtaining above 90% detection rate for COVID-19. |
|
|
Yelagandula, Ramesh, Bykov, et al |
medRxiv |
Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes |
Here we present SARSeq, saliva analysis by RNA sequencing, as an approach to monitor presence of SARS-CoV2 and other
respiratory viruses performed on tens of thousands of samples in parallel. Double blinded benchmarking to gold-standard quantitative RT-PCR performed in a clinical setting and a human diagnostics laboratory showed robust performance up to a Ct of 36. |
|
|
Zelner, Jon, Masters, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health interventions*| Interventions de sant&eacute;
publique |
In this manuscript, we show how a tendency to preferentially observe large outbreaks can lead to consistent overconfidence
in how effective interventions actually are. We show, in particular, that these inferences are highly susceptible to bias when the pathogen under consideration exhibits moderate-to-high amounts of heterogeneity in infectiousness. This includes important pathogens
such as SARS-CoV-2, influenza, Noroviruses, HIV, Tuberculosis, and many others. |
|
|
Zhai, M, Zhang, et al |
In Vivo |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
A patient with nasopharyngeal carcinoma developed severe COVID-19 after receiving immunotherapy. Unfortunately, despite
aggressive treatment after the diagnosis of COVID-19, the patient died quickly. |
|
|
Zhang, W, Ge, et al |
Disaster Med Public Health Prep |
Public health interventions*| Interventions de sant&eacute; publique Infection
Prevention and Control/ Prévention et contrôle des infections (IPAC/PCI) |
This report describes how to set up central isolation sites and run it effectively. We put isolation sites in transformed
hotels, arranged personnel according to a huge data network, and set up specific procedures to manage guests. The epidemic situation in Shanghai has confirmed the feasibility and effectiveness of the methods that other jurisdictions can adapt for their use. |
|
|
The Impact of COVID-19 on Interventional Radiology Services in the UK |
Zhong, J, Datta, et al |
Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
The aim of this multi-centre study was to measure the impact of COVID-19 on IR services in the UK. Retrospective cross-sectional
study of IR practice in six UK centres during the COVID-19 pandemic was carried out. A 31% decrease in overall number of IR procedures was observed during COVID-19 compared to the control group (1363 cases vs 942 cases); however, the acute work decreased by
only 0.5%. An increase in out-of-hours work by 10% was observed. COVID-19 was suspected or laboratory proved in 9.9% of cases (n = 93), and 15% of total cases (n = 141) were classed as aerosol-generating procedures. A 66% rise in cholecystostomy was noted
during COVID-19. During the global pandemic, IR has continued to provide emergency and elective treatment highlighting the adaptability of IR in supporting other specialties. |
|
Zhu, Haoming, Qu, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
This study aims to systematically analyze the features of hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (alpha-HBDH) in COVID-19 patients
with different ages, clinical types and outcomes. Electronic medical records including demographics, clinical manifestation, alpha-HBDH test results and outcomes of 131 hospitalized COVID-19 patients, with confirmed result of severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral infection, were extracted and analyzed. The alpha-HBDH value in greater than or equal to 61 years old group, severe group and critical group, death group all increased at first and then decreased, while no obvious changes were
observed in other groups. The optimal scale regression model showed that alpha-HBDH value and age were related to clinical type. alpha-HBDH value increases in some COVID-19 patients, obviously in greater than or equal to 61 years old, death and critical group,
indicating that patients in these three groups suffer from more serious tissues and organs damage, higher alpha-HBDH value and risk of death. The obvious difference between death and survival group in early stage may provide a approach to judge the prognosis. |
|
|
Ardekani, Ali, Hosseini, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
|
|
|
Awortwe, C, Cascorbi, et al |
Pharmacological Research |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
MA: DDI occurring in the course of anti-Covid-19 treatment and co-morbidities could lead to ADRs, increasing the risk
of hospitalization, prolonged time to recovery or death on extreme cases. COVID-19 patients with cardiometabolic diseases, chronic kidney disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease should be subjected to particular carefully clinical monitoring of adverse
events with a possibility of dose adjustment when necessary. |
|
|
Barbosa da Luz, B, de Oliveira, et al |
Intest Res |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
|
|
|
Brüssow, H |
Environ Microbiol |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
|
|
|
Etiology of fever in returning travelers and migrants: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
Buss, I, Genton, et al |
J Travel Med |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
SR-MA: Embase, MEDLINE and Cochrane Library. Malaria accounted for one fifth of febrile cases, highlighting the importance
of rapid malaria testing in febrile returning travelers, followed by other rapid tests for common tropical diseases. High variability between studies highlights the need to harmonize study designs and to promote multi-center studies investigating predictors
of diseases, including of lower incidence, which may help to develop evidence-based guidelines.
|
|
Di Castelnuovo, Augusto, Costanzo, et al |
medRxiv |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
MA: Articles were retrieved until October 20th, 2020 by searching in seven databases. HCQ use was not associated with
either increased or decreased mortality in COVID-19 patients when 4 RCTs only were evaluated, while a 7% to 33% reduced mortality was observed when observational studies were also included.
|
|
|
Frazer, Kate, Mitchell, et al |
medRxiv |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
SR: Databases (including MedRXiv pre-published repository) were systematically searched. Novel evidence in this review
details the impact of facility size, availability of staff and practices of operating between multiple facilities, and for-profit status of facilities as factors contributing to the size and number of COVID-19 outbreaks. No causative relationships can be determined;
however, this review provides evidence of interventions that reduce transmission of COVID-19 in long term care facilities. |
|
|
Hunter, Jennifer, Arentz, et al |
medRxiv |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
SR-MA: 17 English and Chinese databases and clinical trial registries were searched in April/May 2020, with additional
covid-19 focused searches in June and August 2020. Zinc is a potential therapeutic candidate for preventing and treating SARS-CoV-2, including older adults and adults without zinc deficiency (very low certainty). Zinc may also help to prevent other viral RTIs
during the pandemic (moderate certainty) and reduce the severity and duration of symptoms (very low certainty). |
|
|
Kallapur, AneeshS, Yen, et al |
medRxiv |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
SR: searched MEDLINE indexed journals on September 24, 2020. The aPL are prevalent in patients with COVID-19 and their
presence is associated with thrombosis. |
|
|
Kamel, MH, Yin, et al |
Cells |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
|
|
|
Molecular Mechanisms for Sex-based Differences in Patient Outcomes in COVID-19: A Systematic
Review |
Kumar, Ashutosh, Kulandhasamy, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
SR:PubMed, Medline (EBSCO & Ovid), Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, Bio Medical and Web of Science (WoS) were
searched for the relevant data from December 1, 2019 to October 15, 2020. The qualitative analysis of the collected data unravelled multiple molecular mechanisms, such as sex-linkage of viral host cell entry receptor and immune genes, sex hormone and gut microbiome
mediated immune-modulation, as the possible reasons for the sex-based differences in patient outcomes in COVID-19.
|
|
COVID-19 gender susceptibility and outcomes: A systematic review |
Lakbar, I, Luque-Paz, et al |
PLoS One |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
SR: search of PubMed, Medline, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library databases from inception to 1-June-2020. COVID-19
may be associated with worse outcomes in males than in females. |
|
Li, S, Yang, et al |
Front Environ Sci Eng |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
|
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|
Lubbe, L, Cozier, et al |
Clin Sci (Lond) |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
|
|
|
Mallett, S, Allen, et al |
BMC Med |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
SR: searched PubMed, LitCOVID, medRxiv, and COVID-19 Living Evidence databases. RT-PCR misses detection of people with
SARS-CoV-2 infection; early sampling minimises false negative diagnoses. Beyond 10 days post-symptom onset, lower RT or faecal testing may be preferred sampling sites.
|
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Martinez, JA, Miller, et al |
J Gen Intern Med |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
|
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|
Mesas, AE, Cavero-Redondo, et al |
PLoS One |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
SR-MA: conducted by searching the MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases of studies available through July 27,
2020. The prognostic effect of clinical conditions on COVID-19 mortality vary substantially according to the mean age of patients.
|
|
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Dermatologic manifestations of COVID-19: a comprehensive systematic review |
Mirza, FN, Malik, et al |
Int J Dermatol |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
SR: searched 12 databases for peer-reviewed or pre-print published studies until July 15, 2020. Roughly one-tenth in
both populations were otherwise asymptomatic or presented with only skin findings for the entirety of the disease course; 13.3% (pediatrics) and 5.3% (adults) presented with skin issues first. Dermatologic findings may play an important role in identifying
cases early and serve as an important proxy to manage spread. |
|
Nandy, S, Wan, et al |
Curr Cardiol Rev |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
|
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|
Vitamin D deficiency aggravates COVID-19: systematic review and meta-analysis |
Pereira, M, Dantas Damascena, et al |
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
SR-MA: Five online databases-Embase, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect and pre-print Medrevix were searched.We
observed a positive association between vitamin D deficiency and the severity of the disease. |
|
Emerging trends from COVID-19 research registered in the Clinical Trials Registry
- India |
Rao, MVV, Juneja, et al |
Indian J Med Res |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
|
|
Immunosuppressive drugs for patients with psoriasis during the COVID-19 pandemic era. A
review |
Sadeghinia, A, Daneshpazhooh, et al |
Dermatol Ther |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
|
|
Scholze, Alessandro Rolim, Melo, et al |
medRxiv |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
ScR: review conducted in the databases, MEDLINE, Cochrane, Embase, LILACS, Scopus, and Web of Science, and the gray
Google Scholar literature, until May 2020. The evidence related to diagnostic methods are clear, and include tomography and laboratory tests. Medicinal or associated medications for the treatment of COVID-19, although showing a reduction in signs and COVID-19-related
symptoms, can cause adverse effects of mild or severe intensity depending on viral load and inflammatory activity.
|
|
|
Shehab, Mohammad, Alrashed, et al |
medRxiv |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
SR-MA: from December 1st, 2019 to July 1st, 2020 PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane were searched. Our subanalysis
shows that the presence of gastrointestinal and liver manifestations does not appear to affect mortality, or ICU admission rate. However, the mortality rate was higher in the United States compared to China. |
|
|
Singh, E, Khan, et al |
J Genet Eng Biotechnol |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
|
|
|
Sumption, K, Knight-Jones, et al |
Proc Biol Sci |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
|
|
|
Yanes-Lane, M, Winters, et al |
PLoS One |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
SR-MA: searched Embase, Medline, bioRxiv, and medRxiv up to 22 June 2020. Despite study heterogeneity, the proportion
of asymptomatic infection among COVID-19 positive persons appears high and transmission potential seems substantial. |
|
|
Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of COVID-19
Vaccines: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
Yuan, Ping, Ai, et al |
medRxiv |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
SR-MA: PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and medRxiv databases were used to select the studies. In conclusion, our
analysis suggests that the current COVID-19 vaccine candidates are safe, tolerated, and immunogenic, which provides important information for further development, evaluation, and clinical application of COVID-19 vaccine. |
|
Human recombinant soluble ACE2 (hrsACE2) shows promise for treating severe COVID-19 |
Abd El-Aziz, TM, Al-Sabi, et al |
Signal Transduct Target Ther |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
|
Compliance of the Gulf Cooperation Council airlines with COVID-19 mitigation measures |
Alshahrani, NZ, Alshahrani, et al |
J Travel Med |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
|
Anderson, EL, Omenn, et al |
Risk Anal |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Storytelling and Poetry in the time of Coronavirus - medical students' perspective |
Antram, E, Burchill, et al |
Ir J Psychol Med |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
|
What does SARS-CoV-2 mean for global pneumonia prevention, diagnosis and treatment? |
Awasthi, S, Campbell, et al |
Chest |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
|
Azevedo, EHM, Pontes, et al |
Codas |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
|
|
Azuma, K, Yanagi, et al |
Environ Health Prev Med |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Baggiani, A, Briani, et al |
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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|
Bansal, P, Goyal, et al |
Arthritis Rheumatol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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|
Barnett, DJ, Knieser, et al |
Disaster Med Public Health Prep |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
|
|
Beyond Six Feet: A Guideline to Limit Indoor Airborne
Transmission of COVID-19 |
Bazant, MartinZ, Bush, et al |
medRxiv |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
|
Dutch cardiology residents and the COVID-19 pandemic: Every little thing counts
in a crisis |
Berger, WR, Baggen, et al |
Neth Heart J |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
|
Bhattacharjee, S |
ACS Chem Neurosci |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
|
|
August 2020 Interim EuGMS guidance to prepare European Long-Term Care Facilities
for COVID-19 |
Blain, H, Rolland, et al |
Eur Geriatr Med |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
|
Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Pandemic: Future Challenges for Dental Practitioners |
Bordea, IR, Xhajanka, et al |
Microorganisms |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
|
Lombardy, Italy: COVID-19 second wave less severe than the first? A preliminary
investigation |
Borghesi, Andrea, Golemi, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Regulatory Challenges in the Covid-19 Era: the Case of Tunisia |
Cherif, D, Felfel, et al |
Disaster Med Public Health Prep |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
|
Cohen, RicardoV, Drager, et al |
The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Dan, B |
Dev Med Child Neurol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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H-WORK Project: Multilevel Interventions to Promote Mental Health in SMEs and Public
Workplaces |
De Angelis, M, Giusino, et al |
Int J Environ Res Public Health |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Potential for state restrictions to impact critical care of pregnant patients
with COVID-19 |
DeMartino, ES, Chor, et al |
Chest |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
|
Frishman, WH |
Cardiol Rev |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Dynamic Quarantine: A comparative analysis of the Chilean Public Health response
to COVID-19 |
Grebe, G, Velez, et al |
Epidemiol Infect |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Gremese, E, Brondani, et al |
Ann Rheum Dis |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Dental student perspective on Post-graduation planning in the COVID-19 Era panel |
Ha, K, Lee, et al |
J Dent Educ |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Newly Discovered Cellular Pathway Blocks Ebola, COVID-19 Viruses |
Hampton, T |
Jama |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Heise, M, Dermody, et al |
J Virol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Herron, J, Herron, et al |
Bjog |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Widespread smell testing for COVID-19 has limited application |
Hopkins, Claire, Smith, et al |
The Lancet |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Incidence during COVID-19 Pandemic in Southern
Germany |
Huber, BC, Brunner, et al |
Resuscitation |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Hupkau, Claudia, petrongolo, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Juggling the COVID-19 pandemic: a cytopathologist point of view |
Iaccarino, A, Pisapia, et al |
Cytopathology |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Covid-19: Mass population testing is rolled out in Liverpool |
Iacobucci, G |
Bmj |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Covid-19: Study findings strongly support use of pooled testing, say researchers |
Iacobucci, G |
Bmj |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Ingram, AE, Hertelendy, et al |
Prehosp Disaster Med |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Key populations for early COVID-19 immunization: preliminary guidance for policy |
Ismail, SJ, Zhao, et al |
Cmaj |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Jack, SM, Munro-Kramer, et al |
J Clin Nurs |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Jankowski, J |
Proteomics |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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COVID-19: what the clinician should know about post-mortem findings |
Jonigk, D, Märkl, et al |
Intensive Care Med |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Extremely Premature Infants, Scarcity, and the COVID-19 Pandemic |
Kaempf, JW, Dirksen, et al |
Acta Paediatr |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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kalin, Asli, Greenhalgh, et al |
medRxiv |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Kaye, EC |
Hosp Pediatr |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Kerawala, C, Riva, et al |
J Laryngol Otol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Medical Student Engagement During COVID-19: Lessons Learned and Areas for Improvement |
Klasen, JM, Meienberg, et al |
Med Educ |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Liver Biopsy Shines a Light on COVID-19-Related Liver Injury |
Kleiner, DE |
Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Lewis, D |
Nature |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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PMC7519756; Erratum: Patients' Attitudes to Unproven Therapies in Treating COVID-19
Merit Evaluation |
Li, HT, Cheng, et al |
Innovation (N Y) |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Impact of COVID-19 preventative measures on dengue infections in Taiwan |
Lin, SF, Lai, et al |
J Med Virol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Lopez, J |
Clin Chem |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Letter to the editor: chronic pain tidal wave after COVID-19: are you ready? |
Louw, A |
Physiother Theory Pract |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Lubansu, A, Hadwe, et al |
World Neurosurg |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Lundstrom, K |
Future Microbiol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Role of povidone iodine in ophthalmic clinical practice amidst COVID-19 pandemic |
Madan, S, Beri, et al |
Eur J Ophthalmol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Mendoza-Saldaña, JD, Viton-Rubio, et al |
Gac Sanit |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Widespread smell testing for COVID-19 has limited application – Authors' reply |
Menni, Cristina, Sudre, et al |
The Lancet |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Evidence Regarding Vitamin D and Risk of COVID-19 and Its Severity |
Mercola, J, Grant, et al |
Nutrients |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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The hospitalized patient with COVID-19 on the medical ward: Cleveland Clinic approach
to management |
Miklowski, M, Jansen, et al |
Cleve Clin J Med |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Mikuls, TR, Fraenkel, et al |
Arthritis Rheumatol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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An Incentive Based Approach for COVID-19 using Blockchain Technology |
MK, Manoj, Srivastava, et al |
arXiv |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Guiding principles for undergraduate medical education in the time of the COVID-19
pandemic |
Muller, D, Parkas, et al |
Med Teach |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Endonasal surgery in the coronavirus era - Birmingham experience |
Naik, PP, Tsermoulas, et al |
J Laryngol Otol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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O'Sullivan, O |
Clin Med (Lond) |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Patti, G, Lio, et al |
Am J Cardiovasc Drugs |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Association between COVID-19 and headache: What evidence and history tell us |
Peng, KP |
Cephalalgia |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Peterson, KM, Ibañez, et al |
J Appl Behav Anal |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Plott, CF, Kachalia, et al |
Jama |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Opinion: To stop the next pandemic, we need to unravel the origins of COVID-19 |
Relman, DA |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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How can science be well-ordered in times of crisis? Learning from the SARS-CoV-2
pandemic |
Reydon, TAC |
Hist Philos Life Sci |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Roganović, J, Radenković, et al |
Oral Dis |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Rozen, TD |
Cephalalgia |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Russell, FM, Greenwood, et al |
Hum Vaccin Immunother |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Sawarkar, Sarthak Sanjay, Victor, et al |
medRxiv |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Modeling-based UV-C decontamination of N95 masks
optimized to avoid undertreatment |
Sears, AdamP, Ohayon, et al |
medRxiv |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Did coronaviruses cause 'influenza epidemics' prior to 1918? |
Shanks, GD, Brundage, et al |
J Travel Med |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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PMC7538864; Remdesivir for coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19): More promising but still
unproven |
Shih, RD, Maki, et al |
Contemp Clin Trials Commun |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Sly, LM, Braun, et al |
Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Smarrazzo, A, Mariani, et al |
Acta Paediatr |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Sokolowska, M |
Signal Transduct Target Ther |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Sokunbi, OJ, Mgbajah, et al |
Cardiol Young |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Solbakk, JH, Bentzen, et al |
Med Health Care Philos |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Reduced standards of scientific reporting in the COVID-19 pandemic? |
Stöllberger, C, Finsterer, et al |
Minerva Cardioangiol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Rationale for the use of sphingosine analogues in COVID-19 patients |
Tasat, DR, Yakisich, et al |
Clin Med (Lond) |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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The Lancet, Neurology |
Lancet Neurol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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The impact of the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental-health services
in Europe |
Thome, J, Deloyer, et al |
World J Biol Psychiatry |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Torres, Pptes, Irion, et al |
J Bras Pneumol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Silver linings of the COVID-19 pandemic from an infection prevention and control perspective |
Tsang, KK, Mertz, et al |
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Underwood, A |
Prehosp Disaster Med |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Viehmann-Wical, K |
J Clin Sleep Med |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Vollbrecht, PJ, Porter-Stransky, et al |
Adv Physiol Educ |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Cardiovascular health and COVID-19: time to reinvent our systems and rethink
our research priorities |
Watkins, DA |
Heart |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Wilder, JL, Parsons, et al |
Pediatrics |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Woodcock, BG |
Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Reduction in Mumps During the Fight Against the COVID-19 Pandemic |
Wu, D, Ma, et al |
Asia Pac J Public Health |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Zhang, N, Xu, et al |
Transbound Emerg Dis |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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COVID research updates: The coronavirus's spread in households is fast and often
silent |
|
Nature |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Wien Med Wochenschr |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Nat Biotechnol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
Appendix: Process and definitions.
A daily search for new publications is conducted in PubMed, Scopus,
BioRxiv and MedRxiv, SSRN,
Research Square,
arXiv for all publications related to COVID-19 disease or SARS-CoV-2 using the search terms (COVID-19 OR SARS-CoV-2
OR "novel CoV" OR "novel coronavirus" OR nCoV) adapted to each database. The capture is cross-referenced with publication announcements on the COVID-19 dashboards set up by a number of publishers and google. Publishers include
Lancet,
Elsevier,
The New England Journal of Medicine,
BMJ, Wiley,
Springer Nature, ChinaCDCweekly.
Additionally the database is cross-referenced with other literature scans and activities by collaborators. Members of the Emerging Sciences group examine and shorten the abstract or develop 1 -2 point summaries of each publication. Please email Lisa
Waddell for additional information: Lisa.Waddell@canada.ca.
References are compiled in a reworks database that has citations since the beginning of the outbreak. All references can be accessed at this
link and by the categories listed below. The daily scan has also been compiled in an excel sheet and copies can be provided upon request or
accessed
here.
Category Definitions:
Modelling/ prediction: Predictive modeling is a process that uses data mining and probability to forecast outcomes. Each model is made up of a number of predictors, which are variables that are likely
to influence future results.
Epidemiology: the branch of medicine which deals with the incidence, distribution, and possible control of diseases and other factors relating to health. Includes Ro,
attack rates, case number doubling time, case fatality rate, serial interval, clinical attack rate, asymptomatic fraction, proportion of asymptomatic and infective*
Transmission: The passage of a pathogen causing communicable disease from an infected host to an uninfected host via direct or indirect routes.
Clinical data of cases: Includes clinical parameters such as incubation period, latent period, period of communicability, duration of illness, duration of hospitalization, host risk factors, as well
as clinical profiles of patients; presenting symptoms, symptoms over course of illness, comorbidities.*
Long-term Sequelae: Data or Studies that describe the long-term effects of COVID-19 from lingering symptoms to severe conditions that persiste after acute infection has resolved.
Mental Health: All studies on mental health impacts or consequences of the pandemic for both general population and healthcare workers.
Surveillance: Public health surveillance is the continuous, systematic collection, analysis and interpretation of health-related data. Surveillance data will likely be number of cases suspected/confirmed,
number of deaths, number recovered. *
Coronavirology: All research relating to the virus; its characteristics, genetic make-up, phylogenetic analyses
Diagnostics / Pathogen detection:
All studies on identification of the virus; culture, PCR, antibody/antigen tests etc.
Therapeutics: Studies of substances that may be used to treat infected hosts including passive immunization products.
Vaccine Research: Studies of vaccine candidates to prevent infection with 2019-nCoV including clinical trials.
Public Health Priorities: These citations will focus on what the current research priorities are and/or where knowledge gaps exist.
Public Health interventions*:
Any study evaluating how effective a public health intervention is or maybe (in the case of a predictive model).
Public Health response:
Articles in this category include: COVID-19 AND substance abuse, domestic violence, social media analysis, adherence to public health measures and knowledge, attitudes and beliefs studies related to the pandemic.
Infection Prevention and Control/
Prévention et contrôle des infections (IPAC/PCI): Any research on the effectiveness of IPC interventions should also be tagged as IPC
Health care Response: This foci would include a description of activities to deal with 2019-nCoV cases including, but not limited to: set up of a special emergency multi-disciplinary intensive care team; Bed and medical equipment
preparation/ stock piling supplies; Education and training of staff; Early case recognition and classification of disease severity.
Economics: papers discussing/ forecasting the economics of COVID-19 pandemic.
Immunology: the study of the immune system and includes serology studies in conjunction with other foci (e.g. epidemiology or diagnostics)
Animal Model:
An animal model is a living, non-human, often genetic-engineered animal used during the research and investigation of human disease, for the purpose of better understanding the disease
process without the added risk of harming an actual human.
Zoonotic:
all literature discussing the transmission to and from or occurrence of naturally acquired SARS-COV-2 infection in animals.
Review Literature: All articles that summarize the published literature can be tagged as a review. This includes systematic review, meta-analysis, scoping review, overviews, umbrella reviews*
Commentary/Editorial: For commentaries, editorials, letters to the editor, other types of opinion pieces where there is no new data collected by the author or analysis conducted by the author, please tag these within the commentary
category.
News articles that have not scientific information.
*Lists are not exhaustive
Annexe: Processus et définitions.
Une recherche quotidienne des nouvelles publications est effectuée dans PubMed, Scopus,
BioRxiv and MedRxiv,
SSRN,
Research Square,
arXiv
pour toutes les publications relatives à la maladie COVID-19 ou au SRAS-CoV-2 en utilisant les termes de recherche (COVID-19 OU SARS-CoV-2 OU « novel CoV » OU « novel coronavirus » OU nCoV). La saisie renvoie à des annonces de publication
sur les tableaux de bord du nCoV mis en place par un certain nombre d'éditeurs et par Google. Parmi les éditeurs figurent
Lancet,
Elsevier,
The New England Journal of Medicine,
BMJ,
Wiley,
Springer Nature,
ChinaCDCweekly. En outre, la base de données renvoie à d'autres survols de publications, et à des activités des collaborateurs.
Les membres du groupe scientifique émergent préparent des résumés en 1 ou 2 points de chaque publication. Pour en savoir plus, veuillez envoyer un courriel à Lisa Waddell au :
Lisa.Waddell@canada.ca.
Les références sont compilées dans une base de données Refworks qui contient des citations depuis le début de l'épidémie. Toutes les références sont accessibles à partir de ce
lien et par les catégories énumérées ci-dessous. L'analyse quotidienne a également été compilée
dans une feuille Excel et des copies peuvent être fournies sur demande ou consultées
ici.
Définitions des catégories :
Modélisation / prédiction : La modélisation prédictive est un processus qui utilise l'exploration de données et la probabilité pour prévoir les résultats.
Chaque modèle est composé de plusieurs prédicteurs, qui sont des variables susceptibles d'influencer les résultats futurs.
Épidémiologie :
Branche de la médecine qui traite de l'incidence, de la répartition et du contrôle éventuel des maladies et d'autres facteurs liés à la santé. Comprend le taux de reproduction de base (Ro), les taux d'attaque,
le temps de doublement du nombre de cas, le taux de létalité, l'intervalle sériel, le taux d'attaque clinique, la fraction asymptomatique, la proportion de cas asymptomatiques et infectieux*.
Transmission :
Passage d'un agent pathogène causant une maladie transmissible d'un hôte infecté à un hôte non infecté par des voies directes ou indirectes.
Données cliniques
des cas : Comprend les paramètres cliniques tels que la période d'incubation, la période de latence, la période de contagiosité, la durée de la maladie, la durée de l'hospitalisation, les facteurs de risque de l'hôte, ainsi que
les profils cliniques des patients; les symptômes présentés, les symptômes au cours de la maladie, les séquelles, les comorbidités.*
Séquelles à long terme:
Données ou études décrivant les effets à long terme du COVID-19, des symptômes persistants aux affections graves qui persistent après la résolution de l'infection aiguë.
Santé mentale:
Toutes les études sur les impacts ou les conséquences de la pandémie sur la santé mentale tant pour la population générale que pour les travailleurs de la santé.
Surveillance : La surveillance de la santé publique est la collecte, l'analyse et l'interprétation continues et systématiques de données relatives à la santé.
Les données de surveillance concerneront probablement le nombre de cas suspects / confirmés, le nombre de décès, le nombre de personnes guéries. *
Coronavirologie : Toutes les recherches relatives au virus, ses caractéristiques, sa constitution génétique et les analyses phylogénétiques.
Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes : Toutes les études sur l'identification du virus : culture, PCR, tests de dépistage d'anticorps ou d’antigènes,
etc.
Thérapeutique :
Étude des substances pouvant être utilisées pour traiter les hôtes infectés, y compris les produits d'immunisation passive.
Recherche sur les vaccins : Études des candidats à la vaccination pour prévenir l'infection par le 2019-nCoV, y compris des essais cliniques.
Priorités de santé publique :
Ces citations porteront sur les priorités actuelles de recherche et/ou sur les lacunes dans les connaissances.
Interventions de santé publique* :
Toute étude évaluant l'efficacité (réelle ou possible) d'une intervention de santé publique (dans le cas d'un modèle prédictif).
Réponse de la santé publique :
Les articles de cette catégorie comprennent: COVID-19 ET toxicomanie, violence domestique, analyse des médias sociaux, respect des mesures de santé publique et études sur les connaissances, les attitudes et les croyances liées
à la pandémie.
Prévention et contrôle des infections/Infection Prevention and Control (PCI/IPAC) :
Les recherches sur l'efficacité des interventions en PCI doivent également être marquées comme PCI.
Réponse des soins de santé :
Ce point comprendrait une description des activités pour traiter les cas de 2019-nCoV, notamment : mise en place d'une équipe multidisciplinaire spéciale de soins intensifs d'urgence; préparation des lits et des équipements médicaux
/ stockage des fournitures; sensibilisation et formation du personnel; reconnaissance précoce des cas et classification de la gravité de la maladie.
Immunologie : l'étude du système immunitaire et comprend des études sérologiques en conjonction avec d'autres foyers (p. ex. épidémiologie ou diagnostic)
Modèle
animal:
Un modèle animal est un animal vivant, non humain, souvent génétiquement modifié, utilisé lors de la recherche et de l'investigation des maladies humaines, dans
le but de mieux comprendre le processus de la maladie sans risque supplémentaire de nuire à un humain réel.
Zoonotic:
all literature discussing the transmission to and from or occurrence of naturally acquired SARS-COV-2 infection in animals.
Économie: documents discutant / prévoyant l'économie de la pandémie de COVID-19
Revue de la documentation :
Tous les articles qui résument les documents publiés peuvent être marqués comme une revue. Cela comprend les revues systématiques, les méta-analyses, les études de la portée, les aperçus, les examens généraux*.
Commentaires/Éditorial : Pour les commentaires, éditoriaux, lettres à la rédaction, autres types d'articles d'opinion pour lesquels aucune nouvelle donnée n'est collectée ou aucune
analyse n'est effectuée par l'auteur, veuillez les marquer dans la catégorie des commentaires.
journaux Articles de presse qui n'ont pas d'informations scientifiques.
* Les listes ne sont pas exhaustives