Good afternoon,

There are 388 citations in today’s scan. 229 were considered primary research or review literature.

Highlights today include:

CANADA

· Abbas et al assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental well-being, training, and career choices of Canadian medical clerks within the first three months of the pandemic. Forty-five percent of clerks reported higher levels of stress than usual; 22% reconsidered their residency choice; and 19% reconsidered medicine as a career.

PUBLIC HEALTH INTERVENTIONS

· Gosgens et al use mobility data in the form of counts of travelers between regions, to extend the often-used SEIR models to include mobility between regions. We quantify the trade-off between mobility and infection spread in terms of a single parameter, to be chosen by policy makers, and propose strategies for restricting mobility so that the restrictions are minimal while the infection spread is effectively limited. The results show that our methods are especially effective when the infections are highly concentrated, e.g., around a few municipalities, as resulting from superspreading events that play an important role in the spread of COVID-19.

EPIDEMIOLOGY

· Hensel et al observed that after correction for confounding variables, most notably testing rates, there was no association between Bacillus Calmette–Guerin (BCG) vaccination policy and COVD-19 spread rate or percent mortality. They did find that variables describing co-morbidities, including cardiovascular death rate and smoking prevalence, were significantly associated with COVID-19 spread rate and percent mortality, respectively.

· Lai et al. studied a total of 330 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19. The authors classified the patients into immediate onset group [incubation period (IP) <3 days, 57 cases] and late onset group (IP>10 days, 75 cases) based on IP. The authors concluded that patients with different IPs had different clinical symptoms, laboratory tests, and CT presentations. Shorter IP was associated with worse CT scan findings.

· Miron et al. retrospectively examined COVID-19 incidence in 20 counties that held mass-gathering rallies (19 outdoor and 1 indoor), in August-September 2020 in the United States. These results suggest that even outdoor gatherings in areas with low COVID-19 incidence are followed by increased infections, and that further precautions should be taken at such gatherings.

SEROPREVALENCE

· Anna et al. assessed the serological response against the SARS-CoV-2 virus in a large population working in one institution of the Paris conurbation. In 5% of RT-qPCR positive individuals, no systemic IgGs were detected. Among immune individuals, 21% had been asymptomatic. In sera obtained 4-8 weeks after the first sampling anti-N and anti-S IgG titers and pseudo-neutralization activity declined by 31%, 17% and 53%, respectively with half-life of 35, 87 and 28 days, respectively. 

· Ward et al. assessed the prevalence of antibody positivity in England, UK with three cross-sectional surveys between late June and September 2020.  The findings provide evidence of variable waning in antibody positivity over time such that, at the start of the second wave of infection in England, only 4.4% of adults had detectable IgG antibodies using an LFIA. Antibody positivity was greater in those who reported a positive PCR and lower in older people and those with asymptomatic infection.

VACCINE RESEARCH

· Silva-Cayetano et al. test the immunogenicity of the adenoviral vectored vaccine ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD-1222) in aged mice. We find that a single dose of this vaccine induces cellular and humoral immunity in aged mice, but at a reduced magnitude than in younger adult mice. Furthermore, we report that a second dose enhances the immune response to this vaccine in aged mice, indicating that a prime-boost strategy may be a rational approach to enhance immunogenicity in older persons.

THERAPEUTICS

· Faíco-Filho et al evaluate viral load clearance in patients with COVID-19 who underwent hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) treatment in comparison with a control group that did not receive the drug. The viral load between studied groups, assumed as a semi-quantitative measure of cycle threshold (Ct) values, presented no significant difference within the three consecutive measures

DIAGNOSTICS

· Bouassa et al evaluate the rates of false positive test results of 3 rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) for SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific IgG and IgM detection. Detectable IgG or IgM reactivities could be observed in 31 (3.43%) of the 902 IgG and IgM bands of the 3 RDTs used with all pre‐epidemic sera. The frequencies of IgG/IgM reactivities were similar for European (3.20%) and African (3.55%) sera.

· Yee et al., assess saliva as an alternative specimen for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in children and adults. The overall positive percent agreement for adults were 83.3% and 90.7% for saliva and nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS), respectively, with saliva detecting 4 cases less than NPS. However, saliva performance in symptomatic adults was identical to NPS (PPA of 93.8%). With lower cost and self-collection capabilities, saliva can be an appropriate alternative sample choice to NPS for detection of SARS-CoV-2 in children and adults.

PUBLIC HEALTH INTERVENTION

· Rachul et al. explore how immune boosting is portrayed on the internet during the COVID-19 pandemic. The concept of immune boosting was portrayed as beneficial for avoiding COVID-19 in 85.5% of webpages and supplements were portrayed as beneficial in 40% of the webpages. The top immune boosting strategies were vitamin C (34.8%), diet (34.4%), sleep (34.4%), exercise (30.8%) and zinc (26.9%). Less than 10% of the webpages provide any critique of the concept of immune boosting. 

Regards,

Lisa Waddell, Tricia Corrin, Rukshanda Ahmad, Robyn Odell, Maribeth Mitri, Julie Theriault, Dobrila Todoric, Alejandra Dubois, Austyn Baumeister, Anam Khan, Musaab Younis, Lien Mi Tien, Dima Ayache, Angela Sloan, Kaitlin Young, Chatura Prematunge, Ainsley Otten, Irene Yong, Drew Greydanus, Shalane Ha, Jessie Varga, Vanessa Zubach, Meenu Sharma, Kristyn Burak, David Knox

Focus areas: Modelling/ prediction, Epidemiology, Transmission, Clinical data, Surveillance, Coronavirology, Diagnostics / Pathogen detection, Therapeutics, Vaccine Research, Public health interventions, Public Health response, Public Health Priorities, IPAC, Health care response, immunology, economics, animal model, zoonoses, Review Literature, Commentary/Editorial, news

Domaines cibles: Modélisation/prédiction, Épidémiologie, Transmission, Données cliniques, Surveillance, Coronavirologie, Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes, Thérapeutique, Recherche sur les vaccins, Interventions de santé publique, Priorités de santé publique, PCI, Réponse des soins de santé, immunologie, économie, modèle animal, zoonoses, Revue de littérature, Commentaire/Éditorial, journaux

PUBLICATIONS	AUTHORS / AUTEURS	SOURCE	FOCI / DOMAINE	SUMMARY / SOMMAIRE
Repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic on the well-being and training of medical clerks: a pan-Canadian survey	Abbas,  M,  Dhane, et al	BMC Med Educ	Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	This study aims to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental well-being, training, and career choices of Canadian medical clerks within the first three months of the pandemic. It also aims to assess their use of university support systems and their appreciation of potential solutions to common academic stressors. An electronic survey composed of four sections: demographics, stressors experienced during the pandemic, World Health Organization (WHO) well-being index, and stress management and resources was distributed to Canadian clerks. Clerks from 10 of the 17 Canadian medical faculties participated in this study (n = 627). Forty-five percent of clerks reported higher levels of stress than usual; 22% reconsidered their residency choice; and 19% reconsidered medicine as a career. The factors that were most stressful among clerks were: the means of return to rotations; decreased opportunities to be productive in view of residency match; and taking the national licensing exam after the beginning of residency. The mean WHO well-being index was 14.8/25 ± 4.5, indicating a poor level of well-being among a considerable proportion of students. Clerks who reconsidered their residency choice or medicine as a career had lower mean WHO well-being indices. Most clerks agreed with the following suggested solutions: training sessions on the clinical management of COVID-19 cases; being allowed to submit fewer reference letters when applying to residency; and having protected time to study for their licensing exam during residency. Overall, clerks were less concerned with being infected during their rotations than with the impact of the pandemic on their future career and residency match.
Perceived Risk and Distress related to COVID-19: Comparing Healthcare versus non-Healthcare Workers of Pakistan	Abid,  Dr Adeel,  Shahzad, et al	medRxiv	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	In this study we aim to explore the risk perceptions and psychological distress between HCWs and non-healthcare workers (NHCWs) in Pakistan. Frontline HCWs, healthcare students, young people, females and individuals with lower income were at a higher risk of psychological distress due to the pandemic.
The Binding of Remdesivir to SARS-CoV-2 RNA-Dependent RNA polymerase May Pave The Way Towards the Design of Potential Drugs for COVID-19 Treatment	Agoni,  C,  Soliman, et al	Curr Pharm Biotechnol	Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Therapeutics| Thérapeutique	We seek to provide an understanding of the binding mechanism of Remdesivir, provide structural and conformational implications on SARS-CoV-2 virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase upon its binding and identify its crucial pharmacophoric moieties. Our analysis showed that the modulatory activity of Remdesivir is characterized by an extensive array of highaffinity and consistent molecular interactions with specific active site residues that anchor Remdemsivir within the binding pocket for efficient binding. The structural insights and the optimized pharmacophoric model provided would augment the design of improved analogs of Remdesivir that could expand treatment options for COVID-19.
Long-term monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater of the Frankfurt metropolitan area in Southern Germany	Agrawal,  Shelesh,  Orschler, et al	medRxiv	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Surveillance	We monitored the time course of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentration in raw sewage in the Frankfurt metropolitan area, the European financial center. To determine the SARS-CoV-2 concentration in sewage, we continuously collected samples from two wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) influents (Niederrad and Sindlingen) serving the Frankfurt metropolitan area and performed RT-qPCR analysis targeting three genes (N gene, S gene, and ORF1ab gene). In August, a resurgence in the SARS-CoV-2 RNA load was observe which represents similar levels compared to April. This corresponds to an also continuous increase again in COVID-19 cases in Frankfurt since August, with an average of 28.6 incidences, compared to 28.7 incidences in April.
PUBLIC TRANSIT RIDERSHIP ANALYSIS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC	Ahangari,  Samira,  Chavis, et al	medRxiv	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	This study investigates the effect of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on public transport ridership in Baltimore and nine other U.S. cities similar to Baltimore, in terms of population and service area, during the first five months of 2020. The analysis is based on ridership numbers, vehicle revenue hours, and vehicles operated in maximum service. A compliance analysis was done between 2020 and 2019, as well as a monthly analysis of 2020 by mode and type of services. In comparison to 2019, the ridership decreases from March, the start of the pandemic, while all ten cities experienced the most decrease in ridership in April.
The Psychological Impacts of COVID-19: A Study of Frontline Physicians and Nurses in the Arab World	Al Mahyijari,  N,  Badahdah, et al	Ir J Psychol Med	Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	In this study, we collected data from 150 frontline health care workers who had close contact with COVID-19 patients at several health facilities in the Sultanate of Oman. The participants completed an online survey that included the Perceived Stress Scale, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, and the WHO-5 Well-Being Index.  The study found that a substantial number of health care professionals experienced relatively high levels of stress and anxiety, as well as suboptimal levels of well-being. Perceived stress and anxiety were significant predictors of health care workers' well-being.
An investigation of individuals' health anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic within the framework of the functional health patterns	Alan,  S,  Gokyildiz Surucu, et al	Perspect Psychiatr Care	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	This study investigates individuals' health perceptions and health anxiety within the framework of functional health patterns (FHP) during COVID-19 pandemic. This study is a descriptive and cross-sectional design. Data were collected from participants (n = 3464) through a three-part web-based form. Individuals' health anxiety and perceptions are at a medium level. The participants' health perception and health anxiety scale mean scores demonstrated significant differences according to the FHP except for sexuality. It can be stated that individuals use the anxiety they experience to be vigilance against a potential health threat.
Predicting the impact of COVID-19 interruptions on transmission of gambiense human African trypanosomiasis in two health zones of the Democratic Republic of Congo	Aliee,  Maryam,  Castano, et al	medRxiv	Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	We use two independent mathematical models to predict the impact of COVID-19 interruptions on transmission and reporting, and the achievement of 2030 elimination of transmission (EOT) goal for gambiense human African trypanosomiasis (gHAT) in two moderate-risk regions of DRC. Our models predict an increase in the number of new infections in the interruption period only if both active screening and passive surveillance were suspended, and with slowed reduction - but no increase - if passive surveillance remains fully functional. In all scenarios, the EOT may be slightly pushed back if no mitigation such as increased screening coverage is put in place.
PMC7581383; Cognitive profile following COVID-19 infection: Clinical predictors leading to neuropsychological impairment	Almeria,  M,  Cejudo, et al	Brain Behav Immun Health	Clinical data| Données cliniques	In our single-center cohort study, we included all consecutive adult patients, aged between 20 and 60 years old with confirmed COVID-19 infection. Neuropsychological assessment was performed by the same trained neuropsychologist from April, 22nd through June 16th, 2020. Thirty-five patients met inclusion criteria and were included in the study. Patients presenting headache, anosmia, dysgeusia, diarrhea and those who required oxygen therapy had lower scores in memory, attention and executive function subtests as compared to asymptomatic patients. Patients with headache and clinical hypoxia scored lower in the global Cognitive Index (P = 0.002, P = 0.010). A T score lower than 30 was observed in memory domains, attention and semantic fluency (2 5.7%]) in working memory and mental flexibility (3 8.6%]) and in phonetic fluency (4 11.4%]). Higher scores in anxiety and depression (P = 0.047, P = 0.008) were found in patients with cognitive complaints.
Tuning Intrinsic Disorder Predictors for Virus Proteins	Almog,  Gal,  Olabode, et al	bioRxiv	Coronavirology| Coronavirologie	To illustrate the use of our ensemble model on a novel protein, we applied this model and the 21 individual predictors to the accessory protein encoded by ORF6 in the novel 2019 coronavirus. Overall, most predictors assigned a higher probability of disorder in the C-terminal region of the protein, with the conspicuous exception of PONDR-XL1 and PONDR-CAN, which did not predict any disordered residues in this region.
COVID-19 in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients	Altuntas,  F,  Ata, et al	Bone Marrow Transplant	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	In this study, we aim to report the outcome of COVID-19 in hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients. HCT recipients (n = 32) with hematological disease and hospitalized for COVID-19 were included in the study. A cohort of age and comorbid disease-matched hospitalized COVID-19 patients with hematological malignancy but not underwent HCT (n = 465), and another cohort of age and comorbid disease-matched hospitalized COVID-19 patients without cancer (n = 497) were also included in the study for comparison. Case fatality rate (CFR) was 5.6% in patients without cancer, 11.8 in patients with hematological malignancy and 15.6% in HCT recipients. The CFR in HCT recipients who were not receiving immunosuppressive agents at the time of COVID-19 diagnosis was 11.5%, whereas it was 33% in HCT recipients who were receiving an immunosuppressive agent at the time of COVID-19 diagnosis. In conclusion, our study reveals that for the current pandemic, HCT recipients, especially those receiving immunosuppressive drugs, constitute a special population of cancer patients.
The Safest Time to Fly: Pandemic Response in the Era of Fox News	Ananyev,  Maxim,  Poyker, et al	SSRN- Lancet prepublication	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	We document a causal effect of conservative Fox News Channel in the United States on physical distancing during COVID-19 pandemic.  We show that increased exposure to Fox News led to a smaller reduction in distance traveled and smaller increase in the probability to stay home after the national emergency declaration in the United States. Our results show that slanted media can have a harmful effect on containment efforts during a pandemic by affecting people's behaviour.
A skyline birth-death process for inferring the population size from a reconstructed tree with occurrences	Andréoletti,  Jérémy,  Zwaans, et al	bioRxiv	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie	Here, we present new methodological developments around the Fossilized Birth-Death Process enabling us to (i) efficiently incorporate occurrence data while remaining computationally tractable and scalable; (ii) consider piecewise-constant birth, death and sampling rates; and (iii) reconstruct past population sizes, with or without knowledge of the underlying tree. we apply our model to the Covid-19 outbreak on the Diamond Princess ship. We infer the total prevalence throughout the outbreak, by taking into account jointly the case count record (occurrences) along with viral sequences for a fraction of infected individuals.
High seroprevalence but short-lived immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection in Paris	Anna,  Francois,  Goyard, et al	medRxiv	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques Immunology | Immunologie	Herein, we assessed the serological response against the SARS-CoV-2 virus in a large population working in one institution of the Paris conurbation. We set up two high-throughput and sensitive methods to assess SARS CoV-2 Nucleoprotein and Spike protein-specific IgG response along with a pseudo-neutralization assay in sera. We studied 1847 participants who also answered a web-based survey on clinical symptoms.  Methods and Results In May-July 2020, 11% of serums were positive for IgG against the SARS-CoV-2 N and S protein and 9.5% were pseudo-neutralizer. The prevalence of immunization was 11.6% considering positivity in at least one assays. In 5% of RT-qPCR positive individuals, no systemic IgGs were detected. Among immune individuals, 21% had been asymptomatic. Anosmia and ageusia occurred in 52% of the IgG-positive individuals and in 3% of the negative ones. In contrast, 30% of the anosmia-ageusia cases were seronegative suggesting that the true prevalence of infection may reach 16.6%. In sera obtained 4-8 weeks after the first sampling anti-N and anti-S IgG titers and pseudo-neutralization activity declined by 31%, 17% and 53%, respectively with half-life of 35, 87 and 28 days, respectively.
Clinical Course and Outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Rheumatic Disease Patients on Immunosuppression: A case Cohort Study at a Single Center with a Significantly Diverse Population	Arleo,  TimothyL,  Tong, et al	medRxiv	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	The objective on this case cohort study was to determine clinical course and outcomes in rheumatic disease patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and compare results to uninfected patients. Results find that rheumatic disease patients infected with COVID-19 were more likely to require ICU admission, ventilation, and died more frequently versus uninfected patients with autoimmune disease. Patients on anti-TNFα medications were hospitalized less frequently while those on chronic glucocorticoids were hospitalized more frequently.
PMC7581322; Remote-learning, time-use, and mental health of Ecuadorian high-school students during the COVID-19 quarantine	Asanov,  I,  Flores, et al	World Dev	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	We conducted a rapid response phone survey of over 1500 high school students aged 14 to 18 in Ecuador to learn how students spend their time during the period of quarantine, examine their access to remote learning, and measure their mental health status. We find 59 percent of students have both an internet connection at home and a computer or tablet, 74 percent are engaging in some online or telelearning, and 86 percent have done some schoolwork on the last weekday. Detailed time-use data show most students have established similar daily routines around education, although gender and wealth differences emerge in time spent working and on household tasks. Closure of schools and social isolation are the two main problems students say they face, and while the majority are mostly happy, 16 percent have mental health scores that indicate depression.
A Scalable Saliva-based, Extraction-free RT-LAMP Protocol for SARS-Cov-2 Diagnosis	Asprino,  Paula,  Bettoni, et al	medRxiv	Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes	We have developed a straight saliva-based, RNA extraction-free, RT-LAMP test that is comparable to current nasopharyngeal swab RT-PCR tests in both sensitivity and specificity.  The test is scalable to more than 30,000 tests per day with average turnaround time of less than 3 hours. The test was validated using samples from 244 symptomatic patients, and showed sensitivity of 78.9% (vs. 85.5% for nasopharyngeal swabs RT-PCR) and specificity of 100% (vs. 100% for nasopharyngeal swabs RT-PCR).
Investigating the Prevalence of Reactive Online Searching in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Infoveillance Study	Badell-Grau,  R,  Cuff, et al	J Med Internet Res	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	This study aims to assess the use of internet search terms relating to COVID-19 information and misinformation during the global pandemic, identify which were most used in six affected countries, investigate any temporal trends and the likely propagators of key search terms, and determine any correlation between the per capita cases and deaths with the adoption of these search terms in each of the six countries. This study uses relative search volume data extracted from Google Trends for search terms linked to the COVID-19 pandemic alongside per capita case and mortality data extracted from the European Open Data Portal to identify the temporal dynamics of the spread of news and misinformation during the global pandemic in six affected countries (Australia, Germany, Italy, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States). A correlation analysis was carried out to ascertain any correlation between the temporal trends of search term use and the rise of per capita mortality and disease cases. Of the selected search terms, most were searched immediately following promotion by governments, public figures, or viral circulation of information, but also in relation to the publication of scientific resources, which were sometimes misinterpreted before further dissemination. Strong correlations were identified between the volume of these COVID-19-related search terms (overall mean Spearman rho 0.753, SD 0.158), and per capita mortality (mean per capita deaths Spearman rho 0.690, SD 0.168) and cases (mean per capita cases Spearman rho 0.800, SD 0.112).  These findings illustrate the increased rate and volume of the public consumption of novel information during a global health care crisis. The positive correlation between mortality and online searching, particularly in countries with lower COVID-19 testing rates, may demonstrate the imperative to safeguard official communications and dispel misinformation in these countries.
Search for Natural Alkaloids As SARS-CoV-2 Proteas and RdRp Inhibitors: A Docking-Based Study	Bag,  Arijit,  Bag, et al	SSRN- Lancet prepublication	Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Therapeutics| Thérapeutique	To find an immediately applicable drug for the treatment of COVID-19 positive patients, a plausible life cycle of this virus is proposed. Based on this proposal and symptomatic similarities, a few common drug-molecules are tested as a protease inhibitor and RNA-dependent RNA polymarase inhibitor of the SARS-CoV-2 virus using the COVID-19 Docking Server. It is observed that anisotine and vasicoline of Justicia adhatoda and Pemirolast are very good inhibitors.
Efficacy of Convalescent Plasma Therapy compared to Fresh Frozen Plasma in Severely ill COVID-19 Patients: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial	Bajpai,  Meenu,  kumar, et al	medRxiv	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques Therapeutics| Thérapeutique RCT	We compared the efficacy and safety of convalescent plasma with fresh frozen plasma (FFP) in severe COVID-19 patients. Methods and findings: This was an open-label, single-centre phase II RCT on 29 patients with severe COVID-19 from India. One group received COPLA with standard medical care (SMC) (n=14), and another group received FFP with SMC (n=15). A total of 29 patients were randomized in the two treatment groups. We did not find significant differences in hospitalization duration between the groups.  COPLA therapy resulted in rapid improvement in respiratory parameters and shortened time to clinical recovery, although no significant reduction in mortality was observed in this pilot trial.
Hyper-Exponential Growth of COVID-19 during Resurgence of the Disease in Russia	Baruah,  Hemanta Kumar	medRxiv	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie	In this article, we are going to demonstrate that in Russia currently the rate of growth for COVID-19 cases instead of decreasing with time is actually increasing. When the disease began spreading the spread pattern was observed to have followed a highly nonlinear pattern that could be said to be approximately exponential or subexponential.
Co-infection in critically ill patients with COVID-19: An observational cohort study from England	Baskaran,  Vadsala,  Lawrence, et al	medRxiv	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	This study aimed to describe the incidence and nature of co-infection in critically ill adults with COVID-19 infection in England. Of 254 patients studied (median age 59 years (IQR 49-69); 64.6% male), 139 clinically significant organisms were identified from 83(32.7%) patients. Bacterial co-infections were identified within 48 hours of admission in 14(5.5%) patients; the commonest pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus (four patients) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (two patients). The proportion of pathogens detected increased with duration of ICU stay, consisting largely of Gram-negative bacteria, particularly Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. The co-infection rate >48 hours after admission was 27/1000 person-days (95% CI 21.3-34.1). Patients with co-infections were more likely to die in ICU (crude OR 1.78,95% CI 1.03-3.08, p=0.04) compared to those without co-infections.
Screening policies, preventive measures and	Bellato,  V,  Konishi, et al	J Glob Health	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	This study aimed to clarify the current global surgical practice including COVID-19 screening, preventive measures and in-hospital infection under the COVID-19 pandemic, and to clarify the international gaps on infection control policies among countries worldwide. During April 2-8, 2020, a cross-sectional online survey on surgical practice was distributed to surgeons worldwide through international surgical societies, social media and personal contacts. A total of 936 centers in 71 countries responded to the survey (high risk, 330 centers; intermediate risk, 242 centers; low risk, 364 centers). In the majority (71.9%) of the centers, local guidelines recommended preoperative testing based on symptoms or suspicious radiologic findings. Universal testing for every surgical patient was recommended in only 18.4% of the centers. In-hospital COVID-19 infection was reported from 31.5% of the centers, with higher rates in higher risk countries (high risk, 53.6%; intermediate risk, 26.4%; low risk, 14.8%; P < 0.001). Of the 295 centers that experienced in-hospital COVID-19 infection, 122 (41.4%) failed to trace it and 58 (19.7%) reported the infection originating from asymptomatic patients/staff members. Higher risk countries adopted more preventive measures including universal testing, routine testing of hospital staff and use of dedicated personal protective equipment in operation theatres, but there were remarkable discrepancies across the countries.
Viral RNA load in plasma is associated with critical illness and a dysregulated host response in COVID-19	Bermejo-Martin,  Jesus,  Gonzalez-Rivera, et al	medRxiv	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	We studied whether viral RNAemia or viral RNA load in plasma are associated to severe COVID-19 and also to this dysregulated response. SARS-CoV-2 RNAemia and viral RNA load in plasma are associated to critical illness in COVID-19. Viral RNA load in plasma correlates with key signatures of dysregulated host responses, suggesting a major role of uncontrolled viral replication in the pathogenesis of this disease.
The Incidence and Severity of COVID-19 in Adult Professional Soccer Players	Bezuglov,  Eduard,  Lazarev, et al	medRxiv	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	The incidence, clinical course, and severity of COVID-19 infection, as well as the duration of treatment and return to play were studied by the questioning of the team physicians and medical records assessment in the group of adult professional soccer players representing the clubs of the Russian Premier-League (RPL) during the period of championship resumption from 01.04.2020 until 20.09.2020. COVID-19 infection was detected in 103 soccer players in the course of COVID-19 screening. This number comprises 14.5% of all soccer players which were on the rosters of RPL soccer teams and which were subject to regular COVID-19 testing. The asymptomatic course was observed in 43.7% of cases (n=45). These players were isolated and their clinical condition was monitored closely. Clinical symptoms were observed in 56.3% of cases (n=58), the most common symptoms being fatigue, headache, fever, and anosmia.
Lung transplantation for pulmonary fibrosis secondary to severe COVID-19	Bharat,  Ankit,  Querrey, et al	medRxiv	Clinical data| Données cliniques Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	Here, we report the results of the first two successful lung transplantation procedures in patients with non-resolving COVID-19 associated acute respiratory distress syndrome in the United States. We performed smFISH to detect both positive and negative strands of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the explanted lung tissue, extracellular matrix imaging using SHIELD tissue clearance, and single cell RNA-Seq on explant and warm post-mortem lung biopsies from patients who died from severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Lungs from patients with prolonged COVID-19 were free of virus but pathology showed extensive evidence of injury and fibrosis which resembled end-stage pulmonary fibrosis. Single cell RNA-Seq of the explanted native lungs from transplant and paired warm post-mortem autopsies showed similarities between late SARS-CoV-2 acute respiratory distress syndrome and irreversible end-stage pulmonary fibrosis requiring lung transplantation. There was no recurrence of SARS-CoV-2 or pathogens associated with pre-transplant ventilator-associated pneumonias following transplantation in either patient. Our findings suggest that some patients with severe COVID-19 develop fibrotic lung disease for which lung transplantation is the only option for survival.
Fungemia in COVID -19 ICU Patients, a Single Medical Center Experience	Bishburg,  E,  Okoh, et al	J Med Virol	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	The current study aimed to investigate the incidence and risk factors associated with the development of nosocomial candidemia among patients admitted to the ICU for COVID-19. 89 patients were admitted to the ICU for COVID-19 during the study period. The incidence of nosocomial candidemia was 8.9% (n=8). Case-control matching identified 24 patients with similar disease severity at the time of ICU admission. Median time to first isolation of yeast was 26 days. Candidemia patients reported longer median ICU stay than controls. (40 vs. 10 days, p=0.004). In hospital death rates were comparable in both groups (38% vs. 54%, p=0.548). Prolonged mechanical ventilation support was associated with the development of nosocomial candidemia.
Implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on eliminating trachoma as a public health problem	Blumberg,  Seth,  Borlase, et al	medRxiv	Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	We use a susceptible-infected model to estimate the impact of delayed distribution of azithromycin treatment on the prevalence of active trachoma.  We identify three distinct scenarios for geographic districts depending on whether the basic reproduction number and the treatment-associated reproduction number are above or below a value of one. We find that when the basic reproduction number is below one, no significant delays in disease control will be caused. However, when the basic reproduction number is above one, significant delays can occur. In most districts a year of COVID-related delay can be mitigated by a single extra round of mass drug administration. However, supercritical districts require a new paradigm of infection control because the current strategies will not eliminate disease.
Economics and Epidemics: Evidence from an Estimated Spatial Econ-Sir Model	Bognanni,  Mark,  Hanley, et al	SSRN- Lancet prepublication	Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique Economics | Économie	We develop and estimate a spatial, micro-founded model of the joint evolution of economic variables and the spread of an epidemic. We empirically discipline the model using new U.S. county-level data on health, mobility, employment outcomes, and non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) at a daily frequency. If vaccine development proved impossible, a utilitarian policymaker cannot improve significantly over the laissez-faire equilibrium by using lockdowns.  If a vaccine will arrive within two years, NPIs can improve upon the laissez-faire outcome by dramatically decreasing the number of infectious agents and keeping infections low until vaccine arrival. Mitigation measures that reduce viral transmission (e.g., mask-wearing) both reduce the virus's spread and increase economic activity.
Evaluating the Potential Indirect Impact of COVID-19: A Modelling Study of Programme Interruptions for Seven Neglected Tropical Diseases	Borlase,  Anna,  Le Rutte, et al	SSRN- Lancet prepublication	Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	For the control of the current global COVID-19 pandemic, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended postponement of all neglected tropical disease (NTD) control activities which involve community-based surveys, active case-finding and mass drug administration (MDA). This study aimed to evaluate the potential impact of this interruption. We use mathematical transmission models to assess the potential impact of the current disruption to programmes on the dynamics of each of these diseases in different endemic settings. We demonstrate that the impact of the COVID-19 induced interruption in terms of delay to achieving elimination goals is likely to be greatest in those areas where NTD endemicity is highest.
Unexpected high frequency of unspecific reactivities by testing pre-epidemic blood specimens from Europe and Africa with SARS-CoV-2 IgG-IgM antibody rapid tests points IgM as Achilles heel	Bouassa,  RM,  Péré, et al	J Med Virol	Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes	We aimed to evaluate the rates of false positive test results of 3 rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) for SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific IgG and IgM detection. Detectable IgG or IgM reactivities could be observed in 31 (3.43%) of the 902 IgG and IgM bands of the 3 RDTs used with all pre‐epidemic sera. The frequencies of IgG/IgM reactivities were similar for European (3.20%) and African (3.55%) sera. IgM reactivities were observed in 9 European and 14 African sera, while IgG reactivity was observed in only 1 African serum (15.1% versus 0.66%). A risk of false positive reactivities when using currently available RDT for SARS‐CoV‐2 serological screening, especially for the IgM band is observed.
Residential context and COVID-19 mortality among adults aged 70 years and older in Stockholm: a population-based, observational study using individual-level data	Brandén,  Maria,  Aradhya, et al	The Lancet Healthy Longevity	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie	The aim of this study was to investigate how individual-level housing and neighbourhood characteristics are associated with COVID-19 mortality in older adults. Close exposure to working-age household members and neighbours is associated with increased COVID-19 mortality among older adults. Similarly, living in a care home is associated with increased mortality, potentially through exposure to visitors and care workers, but also due to poor underlying health among care-home residents.
Performance of At-Home Self-Collected Saliva and Nasal-Oropharyngeal Swabs in the Surveillance of COVID-19	Braz-Silva,  Paulo,  Mamana, et al	medRxiv	Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes	The aim of this study was to compare the performance of at-home self-collected samples - saliva and combined nasal-oropharyngeal swabs (NOP) - for SARS-CoV-2 detection in a telemedicine platform for COVID-19 surveillance. We analyzed 201 patients who met the criteria of suspected COVID-19. Detection of SARS-COV-2 was performed by using the Altona RealStar SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR Kit 1.0. According to our data, there was an overall significant agreement (k coefficient value of 0.58) between the performances of saliva and NOP. Assuming that positive results in either sample represent true infections, 70 patients positive for SARS-CoV-2 were identified, with 52/70 being positive in NOP and 55/70 in saliva. This corresponds to sensitivities of 74.2% (95% CI; 63.7% to 83.1%) for NOP and 78.6% (95% CI; 67.6% to 86.6%) for saliva. We also found a strong correlation (Beta coefficients < 1) between the cycle threshold values in saliva and NOP. Ageusia was the only symptom associated with patients SARS-CoV-2 positive only in NOP (p=0.028). In conclusion, our data show the feasibility of using at-home self-collected samples (especially saliva), as an adequate alternative for SARS-CoV-2 detection.
Dramatic changes in oncology care pathways during the COVID-19 pandemic: The French ONCOCARE-COV study	Brugel,  M,  Carlier, et al	Oncologist	Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	We aimed to evaluate changes in every oncology care pathway essential steps, from screening to treatment during the pandemic. Monthly oncological activity differences between 2019 and 2020 (screening tests, histopathological analyzes, multidisciplinary tumor board meetings (MTMB), diagnostic announcement procedures (DAP), and treatments) were calculated in two French areas experiencing different pandemic's intensity (Reims and Colmar). COVID-19 has had a dramatic impact in terms of screening (-86% to -100%), diagnosis (-39%) , and surgical treatment (-30%) . This global decrease in all essential oncology care pathway steps contrasted with the relative stability of chemotherapy (-9%) and radiotherapy use (-16%).
Machine learning for coronavirus covid-19 detection from chest x-rays	Brunese,  L,  Martinelli, et al		Clinical data| Données cliniques Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes	We propose a method aimed to automatically detect the COVID-19 disease by analysing medical images. We exploit supervised machine learning techniques building a model considering a data-set freely available for research purposes of 85 chest X-rays. The experiment shows the effectiveness of the proposed method in the discrimination between the COVID-19 disease and other pulmonary diseases.
Integrated Single-Cell Atlases Reveal an Oral SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Transmission Axis	Byrd,  KevinM,  Huang, et al	medRxiv	Transmission Clinical data| Données cliniques	Despite signs of infection, the involvement of the oral cavity in COVID-19 is poorly understood. To address this, single-cell RNA sequencing datasets were integrated from human minor salivary glands and gingiva to identify 11 epithelial, 7 mesenchymal, and 15 immune cell clusters. Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 viral entry factor expression showed enrichment in epithelia including the ducts and acini of the salivary glands and the suprabasal cells of the mucosae. COVID-19 autopsy tissues confirmed in vivo SARS CoV-2 infection in the salivary glands and mucosa. Saliva from SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals harbored epithelial cells exhibiting ACE2 expression and SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Matched nasopharyngeal and saliva samples found distinct viral shedding dynamics and viral burden in saliva correlated with COVID-19 symptoms including taste loss. Upon recovery, this cohort exhibited salivary antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 proteins. Collectively, the oral cavity represents a robust site for COVID-19 infection andimplicates saliva in viral transmission.
Vitamin D and COVID-19 Severity and Related Mortality: A Prospective Study in Italy	Campi,  Irene,  Gennari, et al	SSRN- Lancet prepublication	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	We aimed to assess the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin-D (25OHD) levels and COVID-19 severity and mortality. Fifty-two subjects with SARS-CoV-2 infection but mild COVID-19 symptoms and 206 matched subjects without SARS-CoV-2 infection were controls. Vitamin D levels were positively correlated with higher IL-6 levels and negatively associated to COVID-19 severity and mortality.
Impact of COVID-19 on the diagnoses, HbA1c monitoring and mortality in people with type 2 diabetes: a UK-wide cohort study involving 13 million people in primary care	Carr,  MatthewJ,  Wright, et al	medRxiv	Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	We constructed a cohort of 23M patients using electronic health records from 1709 UK general practices registered with the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD), including 13M patients followed between March and July 2020. We compared trends in diagnoses, monitoring and mortality in T2D, before and after the first COVID-19 peak, using regression models and 10-year historical data. As engagement with the NHS increases, healthcare services will need to manage the backlog and the expected increase in T2D severity due to delayed diagnoses and reduced monitoring. Older people, men, and those from deprived backgrounds with T2D may be groups to target for early intervention.
Lessons from Italian front-line nurses' experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative descriptive study	Catania,  G,  Zanini, et al	J Nurs Manag	Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	AIM: Explore nursing management issues within COVID-19 narratives of Italian front-line nurses. METHOD: A descriptive qualitative study with thematic analysis. RESULTS: Twenty-three testimonies from clinical nurses were analyzed. Six macro themes were identified: organizational and logistic change; leadership models adopted to manage the emergency; changes in nursing approaches; personal protective equipment issues; physical and psychological impact on nurses; and team value/spirit. CONCLUSIONS: Our testimonies highlighted the huge impact of COVID-19 on the Italian nursing workforce, especially in terms of the high risks associated with caring for COVID-19 patients, exacerbated by the shortage of appropriate personal protective equipment.
Symptomatic COVID-19 infections in outpatient image-guided corticosteroid injection patients during the lockdown phase	Chang,  CY,  Prabhakar, et al	Skeletal Radiol	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	The purpose is to determine if image-guided corticosteroid injections administered during the COVID-19 lockdown phase were associated with a higher infection rate compared to the general population.  In a prospective study, patients undergoing image-guided corticosteroid injections for pain management during the lockdown phase between April 15 and May 22, 2020, were enrolled. One month after the injection, patients were surveyed by telephone for any COVID-19-related symptoms, and the electronic medical record (EMR) was reviewed for symptoms and test results. Seventy-one subjects were recruited, 31 (44%) females, 40 (56%) males, ages 58 ± 17 (20-92) years. Follow-up was available in 66 (93%) of subjects, 60 (91%) by phone survey and EMR, 6 (9%) by EMR only, 45 ± 22 (19-83) days after injection. One (1/66, 1.52%; 95% CI 0.04-8.2%) 25-year-old male subject developed symptomatic infection 19 days after a tibiotalar injection. The prevalence of COVID-19 cases in the state of Massachusetts was 0.91% (62,726/6,892,503) during the study period. There was no significant difference in the rate of occurrence of new cases of COVID-19 infection between the corticosteroid injection group and the general population (p = 0.44).
Comparing two sample pooling strategies for SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection for efficient screening of COVID-19	Chen,  F,  Geng, et al	J Med Virol	Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes	In this study, the sample pools of 6 and 10 were detected by a real‐time Reverse Transcription‐Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT‐PCR) assay targeting ORF1ab and N genes of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). Each pool consisted of 5 or 9 negative SARS‐CoV‐2 samples and 1 positive counterpart with varying viral loads. this study demonstrates that the swab pooling strategy may serve as an effective and economical approach for screening SARS‐CoV‐2 infections in large populations
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 Spike Protein Nanogel as a Pro-Antigen Strategy with Enhanced Protective Immune Responses	Chen,  L,  Liu, et al	Small	Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Vaccine Research| Recherche sur les vaccins	Herein, a general pro‐antigen strategy for subunit vaccine development based on the reversibly formulated receptor binding domain of SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein (S‐RBD) is reported. Synchronized release of S‐RBD monomers from the internalized S‐RBD‐NG pro‐antigen triggers more potent immune responses in vivo. In addition, by optimizing the adjuvant used, the potency of S‐RBD‐NG is further improved, which may provide a generally applicable, safer, and more effective strategy for subunit vaccine development against SARS‐CoV‐2 as well as other viruses.
A Large-Scale Survey on Trauma, Burnout, and Posttraumatic Growth among Nurses during the COVID-19 Pandemic	Chen,  R,  Sun, et al	Int J Ment Health Nurs	Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	A large-scale survey study was conducted to assess trauma, burnout, posttraumatic growth, and associated factors for nurses in the COVID-19 pandemic. In total, 12 596 completed the survey, and 52.3% worked in COVID-19 designated hospitals. At the survey's conclusion in April, 13.3% reported trauma (Trauma ≥ 6), there were moderate degrees of emotional exhaustion, and 4,949 (39.3%) experienced posttraumatic growth. Traumatic response and emotional exhaustion were greater among (i) women (odds ratio OR]: 1.48, 95% CI 1.12-1.97 P = 0.006; emotional exhaustion OR: 1.30, 95% CI 1.09-1.54, P = 0.003), (ii) critical care units (OR: 1.20, 95% CI 1.06-1.35, P = 0.004; emotional exhaustion OR: 1.23, 95% CI 1.12-1.33, P < 0.001) (iii) COVID-19 designated hospital (OR: 1.24, 95% CI 1.11-1.38; P < 0.001; emotional exhaustion OR: 1.26, 95% CI 1.17-1.36; P < 0.001) and (iv) COVID-19-related departments (OR: 1.16, 95% CI 1.04-1.29, P = 0.006, emotional exhaustion only).
A new rapid screening program based on risk scores for COVID-19 patients	Chen,  R,  Xu, et al	Intern Emerg Med	Clinical data| Données cliniques Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes	We aimed at establishing a new COVID-19 risk scores, serving as a guide for rapidly screening the COVID-19 patients in order to reduce the risk of COVID-19 hospital-related transmission. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of COVID-19 risk score system was 0.96 (P = 0.000).
The COVID-19 Suffolk Events Toolkit (C-SET): A structured approach to conducting COVID-secure events	Chowdhury,  Avirup,  Zermanos, et al	medRxiv	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	Objectives: To develop a toolkit to provide a structured framework for assessing whether large events are COVID-secure. The COVID  Suffolk Event Toolkit provides a semi-quantitative summary output, and in conjunction with the detailed links to guidance in the framework, allows development of clear, actionable recommendations to tangibly improve the quality of events.
High-throughput fluorescent assay for inhibitor screening of proteases from RNA viruses	Cihlova,  Bara,  Huskova, et al	bioRxiv	Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes	Here, we developed a quick and inexpensive high-throughput fluorescent assay to test inhibitors of viral proteases. Accordingly, we employed this assay to sample inhibitors for papain-like protease from SARS-CoV-2. In addition, we validated this assay for screening inhibitors of flaviviral protease from the tick-borne encephalitis virus to emphasize a broad range of applications of our approach. This fluorescent high-throughput assay is based on fluorescent energy transfer (FRET) between two distinct fluorescent proteins (eGFP and mCherry) connected via a substrate polypeptide. When the substrate is cleaved, FRET is abolished and the change in fluorescence corresponds to reaction progress. Our data show that this assay can be used for testing the inhibitors in the 96 or 384 well plates format with robust and reproducible outcomes.
Assessing concerns for the economic consequence of the COVID-19 response and mental health problems associated with economic vulnerability and negative economic shock in Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom	Codagnone,  C,  Bogliacino, et al	PLoS One	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	In this study we analyse the results of a multi-country survey conducted in Italy (N = 3,504), Spain (N = 3,524) and the United Kingdom (N = 3,523), with two separate analyses. In the first analysis, we examine the elicitation of citizens’ concerns over the downplaying of the economic consequences of the lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic. In the second analysis, we examine the data from the same survey to predict the level of stress, anxiety and depression associated with being economically vulnerable and having been affected by a negative economic shock.  We find that the concern for the economy and for “the way out” of the lockdown is diffuse and there is evidence of minor underreporting. Additionally, we estimate that around 42.8% of the populations in the three countries are at high risk of stress, anxiety, and depression, based on their level of economic vulnerability and their exposure to a negative economic shock.
Impact of COVID-19 on Farming Community	Das,  Abhijit,  Saikia, et al	SSRN- Lancet prepublication	Economics | Économie	The present study aims to analyse the impact of COVID-19 on the economy and farming community of India. First, we focused on current global economic scenario along with Indian economy and how COVID-19 lockdown affects both global and national economy, after focusing in the economic condition; we tried to showcase the impact of COVID-19 on farming community of India. Several parameters were chosen for this study such as primary agriculture, supply chain, food retail, food processing, food export.
PREVALENCE OF MOLECULAR AND SEROLOGICAL TESTS OF THE NEW CORONAVIRUS (SARS-CoV-2) IN CARLOS CHAGAS-SABIN LABORATORIES IN CUIABA	de Paula,  Cristiane Coimbra,  Passos, et al	medRxiv	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie	This study aimed to characterize the population that performed the SARS-CoV-2 molecular and serological tests in Carlos Chagas-Sabin laboratories in Cuiaba. In the analyzed period, 11,113 PCR-Covid-19 exams were registered. Of this total of cases, 3,912 (35.20%) tested positive, while 6,889 (61.90%) did not detect viral RNA and 312 (2.80%) of the visits resulted as undetermined. The peak of positive RT-PCR performed in July (n = 5878), with 35.65% (n = 2096). A total of 6,392 tests performed on SOROVID-19, with a peak of 1161 (18.16%) of the positive tests for SARS-CoV-2 in July.
Clinical manifestations and factors associated with mortality from COVID-19 in older adults: Retrospective population-based study with 9807 older Brazilian COVID-19 patients	de Souza,  CD,  de Arruda Magalhães, et al	Geriatr Gerontol Int	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	This study aimed to describe the clinical manifestations and factors associated with mortality from COVID‐19 among older adults in Brazil. A total of 52.5% (n = 5145) were women, and with an average age of 70.21 ± 8.37 years. The fatality rate was 11.9%, with a higher rate in men (14.4%) compared with women (9.8%). The fatality rate increased with age. The most common manifestations were fever (n = 4926; 50.2%), cough (n = 5737; 58.5%), headache (n = 1980; 20.2%) and fatigue (n = 2022; 20.6%). The most prevalent comorbidities were diabetes (n = 1528; 5.6%), cardiovascular disease (n = 1528; 15.6%) and systemic arterial hypertension (n = 597; 6.1%). The factors associated with mortality were male sex (OR 1.54), age ≥75 years (OR 2.40), dyspnea (OR 2.92), diabetes (OR 2.33), hypertension (OR 1.53) and chronic kidney disease (OR 2.02).
Successful containment to date of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the Northern Territory	Douglas,  NM,  Meumann, et al	Med J Aust	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques Coronavirology| Coronavirologie	In this article, we describe epidemiologic, clinical, and virological aspects of the first 28 cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in the Northern Territory (NT), Australia.  Between 4 March and 4 April 2020, 28 cases of COVID‐19 were diagnosed in the NT, all linked to overseas or interstate travel. Symptoms had been present for a median 3 days (range, 0–16 days) before oro‐nasopharyngeal swab collection and lasted a median 9.5 days (range, 4–18 days). Viral RNA could be detected by multiplex tandem real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for a median 25 days after symptom onset and in most patients for more than two weeks after symptom resolution.  Five genetic clusters were evident (maximum of one single nucleotide polymorphism within each cluster) that were also epidemiologically linked by shared travel or household contact. The SARS‐CoV‐2 genomes from two independent travellers without epidemiologic connections were identical, but matched other publicly available genomes, highlighting the importance of interpreting genomic analyses in their epidemiologic context. The high degree of temporal variability in viral shedding during follow‐up indicates that a single assay is not adequate for excluding infection in patients at epidemiologic risk of COVID‐19.
Establishment & lineage dynamics of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in the UK	du Plessis,  Louis,  McCrone, et al	medRxiv	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Coronavirology| Coronavirologie	Here we reveal the fine-scale genetic lineage structure of this epidemic through analysis of 50,887 SARS-CoV-2 genomes, including 26,181 from the UK sampled throughout the country's first wave of infection. Using large-scale phylogenetic analyses, combined with epidemiological and travel data, we quantify the size, spatio-temporal origins and persistence of genetically-distinct UK transmission lineages. Rapid fluctuations in virus importation rates resulted in >1000 lineages; those introduced prior to national lockdown were larger and more dispersed. Lineage importation and regional lineage diversity declined after lockdown, whilst lineage elimination was size-dependent. We discuss the implications of our genetic perspective on transmission dynamics for COVID-19 epidemiology and control.
No benefit of hydroxychloroquine on SARS-CoV-2 viral load reduction in non-critical hospitalized patients with COVID-19	Faíco-Filho,  KS,  Conte, et al	Braz J Microbiol	Clinical data| Données cliniques Therapeutics| Thérapeutique	This study aims to evaluate viral load clearance in patients with COVID-19 who underwent hydroxychloroquine  (HCQ) treatment in comparison with a control group that did not receive the drug. This prospective study comprised consecutive viral load measurements in patients with COVID-19 hospitalized with a moderate illness. Patients received 400 mg of HCQ every 12 h for 10 days according to the medical decision. Nasal swab samples were collected from patients during early, intermediary, and final clinical stage of COVID-19. A total of 155 samples were collected from 66 patients with COVID-19 (60% female), with a median age of 58 years. The viral load between studied groups, assumed as a semiquantitative measure of cycle threshold (Ct) values, presented no significant difference within the three consecutive measures (ΔCt) (p > 0.05). We also analyzed the ΔCt viral load at different intervals of sample collection (Δt  12 days) without significant differences at any ΔCt (p > 0.05). In this study, we did not observe any change in viral load reduction in vivo with the use of HCQ.
Large-scale population analysis of SARS-CoV2 whole genome sequences reveals host-mediated viral evolution with emergence of mutations in the viral Spike protein associated with elevated mortality rates	Farkas,  Carlos,  Mella, et al	medRxiv	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Coronavirology| Coronavirologie	We aimed to further characterize and analyze in depth intra-host variation and founder variants of SARS-CoV-2 worldwide up until August 2020, by examining in excess of 94,000 SARS-CoV-2 viral sequences in order to understand SARS-CoV-2 variant evolution, how these variants arose and identify any increased mortality associated with these variants. SARS-CoV-2 is evolving non-randomly, and human hosts shape emergent variants with positive fitness that can easily spread into the population. We propose that V1776F and S477N variants occurring in the Spike protein are two novel mutations occurring in SARS-CoV-2 and may pose significant public health concerns in the future.
Who is (Not) Complying with the Social Distancing Directive and Why? Testing a General Framework of Compliance with Multiple Measures of Social Distancing	Fazio,  RussellH,  Ruisch, et al	medRxiv	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	A study involving over 2000 online participants tested a general framework regarding compliance with a directive in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study featured not only a self-report measure of social distancing but also behavioral measures -- simulations that presented participants with graphical depictions mirroring multiple real-world scenarios and asked them to position themselves in relation to others in the scene. The conceptual framework highlights three essential components of a directive: (1) the source, some entity is advocating for a behavioral change; (2) the surrounding context, the directive is in response to some challenge; and (3) the target, the persons to whom the directive is addressed. Belief systems relevant to each of these three components are predicted, and were found, to relate to compliance with the social distancing directive. The implications of the findings for public service campaigns encouraging people to engage in social distancing are discussed.
Using Mixed Methods to Identify the Primary Mental Health Problems and Needs of Children, Adolescents, and Their Caregivers during the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic	Fitzpatrick,  O,  Carson, et al	Child Psychiatry Hum Dev	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	Quantitative analyses revealed that child and adolescent mental health symptoms were positively associated with number of children in the home, and both caregiver and child/adolescent symptoms were more pronounced in regions with more lenient COVID-19 restrictions. Through idiographic responses, caregivers reported a substantial need for mental health services among themselves and their children, as well as a range of mental health problems that may be important pandemic-specific intervention targets.
SARS-CoV-2 membrane glycoprotein M antagonizes the MAVS-mediated innate antiviral response	Fu,  YZ,  Wang, et al	Cell Mol Immunol	Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Immunology | Immunologie	In this study, we identified SARS-CoV-2 membrane glycoprotein M as a negative regulator of the innate immune response. We found that the M protein interacted with the central adaptor protein MAVS in the innate immune response pathways. This interaction impaired MAVS aggregation and its recruitment of downstream TRAF3, TBK1, and IRF3, leading to attenuation of the innate antiviral response. Our findings reveal a mechanism by which SARS-CoV-2 evades the innate immune response and suggest that the M protein of SARS-CoV-2 is a potential target for the development of SARS-CoV-2 interventions.
Survey of Hearing Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Implications for Service Delivery	Gaeta,  L	Am J Audiol	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	This study aimed to explore older adults' perceptions of their hearing health during the stay-at-home order issued during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method A 24-item survey was completed by 150 community-dwelling older adults in the United States. Participants were asked about their self-reported hearing status, use of hearing aids and difficulty wearing masks while wearing hearing aids, relative importance of their hearing health, priority of their hearing health during the COVID-19 pandemic, difficulty communicating with masks, and utilization of telepractice services. Results The majority of participants did not wear hearing aids despite reporting that they had at least a little trouble hearing. Most participants reported that their hearing health was important and indicated that they were likely to visit their audiologist for an in-person or virtual visit during the pandemic.
Determinants of psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown measures: a nationwide on-line survey in Greece and Cyprus	Galanis,  PetrosA,  Andreadaki, et al	medRxiv	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	We studied psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown measures in the general population in Greece and Cyprus. Also, we investigated several demographic, clinical and job characteristics of the participants as possible determinants of distress. Seventeen point four percent of the participants had overall IES-R score from 24 to 32 indicating that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a clinical concern, while 33.5% had overall IES-R score >32 indicating that PTSD is a probable diagnosis. Females, Cyprus residents, participants that live with elderly people or patients with a chronic disease in home, participants with a mental health disease or/and chronic disease, participants under pharmaceutical treatment, participants that lost their work due to the pandemic and participants that work in hospital experienced greater distress. Also, increased age and decreased educational level was associated with increased distress.
PMC7567432 (available upon request from the corresponding author), and declare no conflicts of interest; Early psychological impact of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and lockdown in a large Spanish sample	García-Álvarez,  L,  de la Fuente-Tomás, et al	J Glob Health	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	We aimed to describe the early psychological impact of COVID-19 and its contributing factors in a large Spanish sample, globally and according to mental status  (never mental disorder NMD, past mental disorder PMD, current mental disorder CMD). We found a statistically significant gradient in the psychological impact experienced in five domains according to mental status, with the NMD group being the least affected and the CMD group being the most affected. In the three groups, the depressive response was the most prevalent (NMD = 40.9%, PMD = 51.9%, CMD = 74.4%, F = 1011.459, P < 0.001). Risk factors were female sex and classification as a case in any psychological domain. Protective factors were younger age and ability to enjoy free time. Variables related to COVID-19 had almost no impact except for having COVID-19 symptoms, which was a risk factor for anxiety in all three groups.
Human movement can inform the spatial scale of interventions against COVID-19 transmission	Gibbs,  Hamish,  Nightingale, et al	medRxiv	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	Here we use detailed human mobility data from Facebook to determine the spatially-explicit network community structure of the UK before and during the lockdown period, and how that has changed in response to the easing of restrictions and to locally-targeted interventions. We found that the mobility network became more sparse and the number of mobility communities decreased under the national lockdown. During this period, there was no evidence of re-routing in the network. Communities in which locally-targeted interventions have happened following resurgence did not show reorganization but did show small decreases in measurable mobility effects in the Facebook dataset. We propose that geographic communities detected in Facebook or other mobility data be part of decision making for determining the spatial extent or boundaries of interventions in the UK.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on emergency department CT for suspected diverticulitis	Gibson,  AL,  Chen, et al	Emerg Radiol	Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	This study examined the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on emergency department CT use for acute nontraumatic abdominal pain. During the COVID-19 pandemic, overall emergency imaging volume decreased 30% compared to 2019 (p = 0.002). The number of cases of diverticulitis decreased significantly compared to 2019 (p = 0.001).
Baseline phenotype and 30-day outcomes of people tested for COVID-19: an international network cohort including >3.32 million people tested with real-time PCR and >219,000 tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in South Korea, Spain and the United States	Golozar,  Asieh,  Lai, et al	medRxiv	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	Here, we characterised socio-demographics and comorbidity in 3,316,107 persons tested and 219,072 persons tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 since January 2020, and their key health outcomes in the month following the first positive test. The majority of study participants were women aged 18-65 years old. Positive/tested ratio varied greatly geographically (2.2:100 to 31.2:100) and over time (from 50:100 in February-April to 6.8:100 in May-June). Fever, cough and dyspnoea were the most common symptoms at presentation. Between 4%-38% required admission and 1-10.5% died within a month from their first positive test. Observed disparity in testing practices led to variable baseline characteristics and outcomes, both nationally (US) and internationally.
Covid-19 diagnosis by combining RT-PCR and pseudo-convolutional machines to characterize virus sequences	Gomes,  Juliana,  Masood, et al	Research Square prepub	Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes	The RT-PCR with virus DNA identification is still the benchmark Covid-19 diagnosis method. In this work we propose a new technique for representing DNA sequences: they are divided into smaller sequences with overlap in a pseudo-convolutional approach, and represented by co-occurrence matrices. The molecular diagnosis of Covid-19 can be optimized by combining RT-PCR and our pseudo-convolutional method to identify SARS-CoV-2 DNA sequences faster with higher specificity and sensitivity.
Containment strategies after the first wave of COVID-19 using mobility data	Gösgens,  Martijn,  Hendriks, et al	arXiv	Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique	We use mobility data in the form of counts of travelers between regions, to extend the often-used SEIR models to include mobility between regions. We quantify the trade-off between mobility and infection spread in terms of a single parameter, to be chosen by policy makers, and propose strategies for restricting mobility so that the restrictions are minimal while the infection spread is effectively limited. The results show that our methods are especially effective when the infections are highly concentrated, e.g., around a few municipalities, as resulting from superspreading events that play an important role in the spread of COVID-19.
Secondary metabolites from spice and herbs as potential multitarget inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 proteins	Gupta,  S,  Singh, et al	J Biomol Struct Dyn	Therapeutics| Thérapeutique	In this study we screened in silico, a group of natural spice and herbal secondary metabolites (SMs) for their inhibition efficacy against multiple target proteins of SARS-CoV-2 as well as the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 protein. Docking and simulation results indicated that epicatechin, embelin, hesperidin, cafestol, murrayanine and murrayaquinone-A have higher inhibition efficacy over at least one of the known antiviral drugs such as Hydroxychloroquine, Remdesivir and Ribavirin. The identified SMs may be useful in the development of preventive nutraceuticals, food supplements and antiviral drugs.
COVIDTrach; a prospective cohort study of mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients undergoing tracheostomy in the UK	Hamilton,  NickJI	medRxiv	Clinical data| Données cliniques Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	COVIDTrach is a UK multi-centre prospective cohort study project evaluating the outcomes of tracheostomy in patients with COVID-19 receiving mechanical ventilation. It also examines the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers involved in the procedure. Tracheostomy appears to be safe in mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19 and to operators performing the procedure and we identified clinical indicators that are predictive of mortality. Optimal timing of the procedure remains to be determined.
Management of Acute Appendicitis in Children: Takeaway from Coronavirus Disease-2019, a Perspective of Pediatric Surgeons from South Asia	Hannan,  Md Jafrul,  Parveen, et al	medRxiv	Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	The objective was to determine if the practice of non-operative treatment (NOT) has increased in usage in South Asia and whether these levels of practice would be sustained after the pandemic subside. A total of 134 responses were collected. A significant increase in the practice of NOT was observed for the entire cohort, though no effect was observed when grouped by country or institute. When grouped by position, seniors increased the practice of NOT the most, while juniors reported the least change. The data suggests that only Professors would be inclined to maintaining the COVID level of NOT practice after the pandemic.
Controlled randomized clinical trial on using Ivermectin with Doxycycline for treating COVID-19 patients in Baghdad, Iraq	Hashim,  HashimA,  Maulood, et al	medRxiv	Clinical data| Données cliniques Therapeutics| Thérapeutique RCT	Randomized controlled study on 70 COVID-19 patients (48 mild-moderate, 11 severe, and 11 critical patients) treated with 200ug/kg PO of Ivermectin per day for 2-3 days along with 100mg PO doxycycline twice per day for 5-10 days plus standard therapy; the second arm is 70 COVID-19 patients (48 mild-moderate and 22 severe and zero critical patients) on standard therapy. Ivermectin with doxycycline reduced the time to recovery and the percentage of patients who progress to more advanced stage of disease; in addition, Ivermectin with doxycycline reduced mortality rate in severe patients from 22.72% to 0%; however, 18.2% of critically ill patients died with Ivermectin and doxycycline therapy. Taken together, the earlier administered Ivermectin with doxycycline, the higher rate of successful therapy.
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of favipiravir and interferon compared to lopinavir/ritonavir and interferon in moderately ill patients with COVID-19: a structured summary of a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial	Hassaniazad,  M,  Bazram, et al	Trials	RCT	Objectives: We will evaluate the efficacy and safety of favipiravir and interferon beta-1a compared to lopinavir/ritonavir and interferon beta-1a in patients with confirmed COVID-19, who are moderately ill. This is a phase 3, single-center, randomized, open-label, controlled trial with a parallel-group design carried out at Shahid Mohammadi Hospital, Bandar Abbas, Iran. (Study protocol)
Protection against SARS-CoV-2 by BCG vaccination is not supported by epidemiological analyses	Hensel,  J,  McAndrews, et al	Sci Rep	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique	THis study observed that after correction for confounding variables, most notably testing rates, there was no association between  Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination policy and COVD-19 spread rate or percent mortality. Moreover, we found variables describing co-morbidities, including cardiovascular death rate and smoking prevalence, were significantly associated COVID-19 spread rate and percent mortality, respectively. While reporting biases may confound our observations, our epidemiological findings do not provide evidence to correlate overall BCG vaccination policy with the spread of CoV-2 and its associated mortality.
Social inequalities in human mobility during the Spanish lockdown and post-lockdown in the Covid-19 pandemic of 2020	Hernando,  Alberto,  Mateo, et al	medRxiv	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	We report in this work that the imprints in mobility of both the lockdown and post-lockdown on the Spanish population are measurable by means of the daily radius of gyration using mobile phone data. We cross mobility with economic data segmented by average salary per person so as to find large inequalities between low- and high-income populations. Indeed, low-income populations typically show a 17% higher radius of gyration than high-income ones during pre-lockdown (8.1 km vs. 6.9 km). However, this relative difference grows to a maximum during lock-down (3.3 km vs. 900 m) since most of the essential workers (carriers, nurses, supermarket cashiers, farmworkers, etc.) belong to the first segment. Post-lockdown shows reversed inequality in the weeks during summer vacations as high-income populations multiplied their pre-lockdown radius by 70% as a rebound effect driven by leisure, while low-income populations recovered their normal pre-lockdown radius. This period is correlated with an extraordinary increase in the number of new Covid cases, which stabilized after the holyday weeks once at the so-called new normal. We find that this new normal emphasizes the pre-lockdown inequalities in mobility between low- and high-income population, increasing the inequality up to a 47%. These results show the relevance of devising measures that could account for potential collateral inequalities.
Analytical and clinical evaluation of four anti-SARS-CoV-2 serologic (IgM, IgG, and total) immunoassays	Higgins,  Victoria,  Fabros, et al	medRxiv	Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes	We evaluated the Abbott anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG assays along with DiaSorin anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and Roche anti-SARS-CoV-2 Total. Abbott IgM sensitivity was 63.6% at 0 days post-PCR positivity, 76.5% at 1-5d, 76.3% at 6-14d, 85.2% at 15-30d, and 63.6% at >30d. All assays exhibited highest sensitivity 15-30d post-PCR positivity (83.3-85.2%). Combining Abbott IgM and IgG improved sensitivity by 22.7% compared to IgG alone when tested 0d post-PCR positivity. All assays had a specificity of 100% and only Abbott IgG exhibited cross-reactivity (anti-dsDNA). Cohen's kappa varied between 0.86-0.93. Time to seroconversion from PCR positivity was lowest for Abbott IgM and highest for Abbott IgG. NPV was highest for Abbott IgM <14 days post-PCR positivity and Abbott IgG ≥14 days.
Association between Hydroxyzine Use and Reduced Mortality in Patients Hospitalized for Coronavirus Disease 2019: Results from a multicenter observational study	Hoertel,  Nicolas,  Sánchez, et al	medRxiv	Clinical data| Données cliniques Therapeutics| Thérapeutique Immunology | Immunologie	The goal of this study it to examine the association between hydroxyzine use and mortality in patients hospitalized for COVID-19, based on its anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties. Hydroxyzine use was associated with reduced mortality in patients hospitalized for COVID-19.
Dexamethasone use and Mortality in Hospitalized Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019: a Multicenter Retrospective Observational Study	Hoertel,  Nicolas,  Sánchez, et al	medRxiv	Clinical data| Données cliniques Therapeutics| Thérapeutique	Objective: To examine the association between dexamethasone use and mortality among hospitalized patients for COVID-19.  Setting: Greater Paris University hospitals, France. Participants: 12,217 adults hospitalized with COVID-19 between 24 January and 20 May 2020, including 171 patients (1.4%) who received dexamethasone orally or by intravenous perfusion during the visit.  In this observational study involving patients with Covid-19 who had been admitted to the hospital, dexamethasone use administered either orally or by intravenous injection at a cumulative dose between 60 mg and 150 mg was associated with decreased mortality among those requiring respiratory support.
Early prediction and identification for severe	Hu,  H,  Du, et al	J Glob Health	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and early predictors for severe COVID-19, and to establish a prediction model for the identification and triage of severe patients. A total of 40 patients were enrolled in this study, of whom 19 were mild and 21 were severe. The proportions of patients with venerable age (≥60 years old), comorbidities, and hypertension in severe patients were higher than that of the mild (P < 0.05). The duration of fever and respiratory symptoms, and the interval from illness onset to viral clearance were longer in severe patients (P < 0.05). Most patients received at least one form of oxygen treatments, while severe patients required more mechanical ventilation (P < 0.05). Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that venerable age, hypertension, lymphopenia, hypoalbuminemia and elevated neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were the independent high-risk factors for severe COVID-19. ROC curves demonstrated significant predictive value of age, lymphocyte count, albumin and NLR for severe COVID-19. The sensitivity and specificity of the newly constructed prediction model for predicting severe COVID-19 was 90.5% and 84.2%, respectively, and whose positive predictive value, negative predictive value and crude agreement were all over 85%.
Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 in the female reproductive tract of COVID-19 patients: A prospective study	Hu,  YY,  Ji, et al	J Biol Regul Homeost Agents	Clinical data| Données cliniques	No abstract and full text not available.
Features of C-reactive protein in COVID-19 patients within various period: a cohort study	Huang,  Guoxin,  Qu, et al	medRxiv	Clinical data| Données cliniques	All laboratory confirmed COVID-19 patients hospitalized in Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital were included. CRP increased before symptom onset and substantially increased during the early-to-mid stage (especially early stage), which was different from other virus-infected diseases. The changes of CRP before the transformation of clinical type was inconsistent with the aggravating of illness. And the CRP maintained over 100.00 mg/L prompted poor prognosis.
Staging and typing of chest CT images: A quantitative analysis based on an ambispective observational cohort study of 125 patients with COVID-19 in Xiangyang, China	Huang,  Guoxin,  Wang, et al	medRxiv	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	This study aimed to investigate the staging duration and classification of CT images of patients with COVID-19 based on quantitative analysis. The CT images of 125 patients with COVID-19 (50.13 plus-or-minus 16.91 years, 66 women) were analyzed in this study. Except for pre-early stage, the duration of early, progression-consolidation, and dissipation stage of CT images was 3.40 plus-or-minus 2.31, 10.07 plus-or-minus 4.91, and 20.60 plus-or-minus 7.64 days, respectively. The median CT score was 5.00 (2.00-8.50) during the first 30 days, which reached a peak on the 11th day. Significant differences were found between the median CT scores of different clinical types (P less than 0.05). Besides, the age was correlated with the clinical type (P less than 0.001), the CT scores of 0.00-11.50, 11.50-16.00, and 16.00-20.00 were separately correlated with the moderate, severe, and critical type with the output accuracy 69.60%.
SARS-CoV-2 RBD Neutralizing Antibody Induction is Enhanced by Particulate Vaccination	Huang,  WC,  Zhou, et al	Adv Mater	Vaccine Research| Recherche sur les vaccins Immunology | Immunologie	Here, it is shown that rapid conversion of recombinant RBD into particulate form via admixing with liposomes containing cobalt-porphyrin-phospholipid (CoPoP) potently enhances the functional antibody response. Antigen binding via His-tag insertion into the CoPoP bilayer results in a serum-stable and conformationally intact display of the RBD on the liposome surface. Compared to other vaccine formulations, immunization using CoPoP liposomes admixed with recombinant RBD induces multiple orders of magnitude higher levels of antibody titers in mice that neutralize pseudovirus cell entry, block RBD interaction with ACE2, and inhibit live virus replication. Enhanced immunogenicity can be accounted for by greater RBD uptake into antigen-presenting cells in particulate form and improved immune cell infiltration in draining lymph nodes. In mice, high dose immunization results in minimal local reactogenicity, is well-tolerated, and does not elevate serum cobalt levels. Taken together, these results confirm that particulate presentation strategies for the RBD immunogen should be considered for inducing strongly neutralizing antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2.
A2B-COVID: A method for evaluating potential SARS-CoV-2 transmission events	Illingworth,  ChristopherJR,  Hamilton, et al	medRxiv	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie	We here describe A2B-COVID, an approach for the rapid identification of linked cases of coronavirus infection. Our method combines knowledge about infection dynamics, data describing the movements of individuals, and novel approaches to genome sequence data to assess whether or not cases of infection are consistent or inconsistent with linkage via transmission. We apply our method to analyse and compare data collected from two wards at Cambridge University Hospitals, showing qualitatively different patterns of linkage between cases on designated Covid-19 and non-Covid-19 wards. Our method is suitable for the rapid analysis of data from clinical or other potential outbreak settings.
Preliminary Estimates of Years of Life Lost (YLL) Due to COVID-19 in India	Indrayan,  Abhaya,  Mishra, et al	medRxiv	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie	In this communication, we present an estimate the years of life lost (YLL) due to COVID-19 so far and the projection for the full year so that the health damage by this new disease can be compared with some other ailments. The YLL by one premature death is the expectation of life at that age.  A total of more than 2 million years of life have already lost due to COVID-19 and the pattern indicates that we may end up with nearly 4 million YLL due to this disease in India. This is nearly 20 years lost per COVID death, 303 years lost per 1000 cases of COVID, and about 3 years lost per 1000 population in the full year. The age-group 50-59 years has been particularly affected.
Data-Driven Insights on the Effects of COVID-19 on Public Interest in Medical Aesthetics: Part II (Active Analysis)	Jenny,  HE,  Chandawarkar, et al	Aesthet Surg J	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	We included 704 of 838 total responses. One-half of respondents were female; the median age group was 25 to 34 years. During the pandemic, 21% of respondents had increased and 33% decreased interest in at least one intervention. Non-invasive procedures (7.3%), facial aesthetic surgery (6.6%), and medical-grade skincare (5.9%) elicited the greatest interest increase. Seeing themselves in the mirror more often (43.2%), desire to look better after the crisis (41.8%), and increased time on social media (40.4%) were the top reasons for increased interest. The most common reasons for decreased interest were changing spending priorities (58%), focusing on other health aspects (49.8%), and worrying about infection in medical facilities (46.3%). Almost one-half of respondents considered virtual consultations for interventions of increased interest.
Genetic determinants of COVID-19 drug efficacy revealed by genome-wide CRISPR screens	Jiang,  Wei,  Yang, et al	bioRxiv	Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Therapeutics| Thérapeutique	We designed a screen approach that could employ genome-wide sgRNA libraries to systematically uncover genes crucial for these drugs' action. Here we present our findings, including genes crucial for the import, export, metabolic activation and inactivation of remdesivir, as well as genes that regulate colchicine and dexamethasone's immunosuppressive effects. Our findings provide preliminary information for developing urgently needed genetic biomarkers for these drugs. Such biomarkers will help better interpret COVID-19 clinical trial data and point to how to stratify COVID-19 patients for proper treatment with these drugs.
Quantification of a Viromed Klinik Akut V 500 disinfection device to reduce the indirect risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection by aerosol particles	Kähler,  ChristianJ,  Fuchs, et al	medRxiv	Infection Prevention and Control/ Prévention et contrôle des infections (IPAC/PCI)	This study assessed the ability of the Viromed Klinik Akut V 500 disinfection unit to remove aerosols in enclosed spaces. The quantitative measurement results show that with the tested Viromed Klinik Akut V 500 disinfection device, the aerosol concentrations in a 22.5 m² room can be halved in around 5 minutes. The air exchange rate in these cases is 8 per hour. This means that a single Viromed Klinik Akut V 500 disinfection device is very well suited to ensure a high level of safety from indirect SARS-CoV-2 infection in rooms up to approx. 30 m². The room size corresponds to typical treatment rooms, waiting rooms, reception areas, pharmacies, offices. In a 42.5 m² room, a half-life of 4.8 minutes was achieved with simultaneous operation of two Viromed Klinik Akut V 500 disinfection units, and the air exchange rate was 8.4. A comparison with the results in the smaller room clearly shows that scaling is easily possible. and therefore the device is analyzed and evaluated in this study for its suitability to protect against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
The impact of COVID-19 on the hospice and palliative care workforce	Kates,  J,  Gerolamo, et al	Public Health Nurs	Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	Objective: To understand the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the hospice and palliative workforce and service delivery. Most respondents (70%) reported an increase in specific palliative care services as a result of the pandemic. Two thirds (78%) of respondents reported their agency has cared for confirmed COVID‐19 patients. Only half reported the agency had access to laboratory facilities for surveillance and detection of outbreaks in both patients and staff (58%) and that the agency could test patients and providers for COVID‐19 (55%). Qualitative comments described the impact of the pandemic and resulting social distancing measures on the emotional well‐being of patients, families, and staff.
SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in healthcare workers of dedicated COVID hospitals and non COVID hospitals of District Srinagar, Kashmir	Khan,  MuhammadS,  Haq, et al	medRxiv	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Immunology | Immunologie	We present the results of a cross-sectional serosurvey in healthcare workers from two different hospital settings based on their role in the management of SARS-CoV-2 patients in District Srinagar, Kashmir. Of 2915 healthcare workers who participated in the study, we analysed data from 2905 healthcare workers. The overall prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG antibodies was 2.5% (95% CI 2.0-3.1) in the healthcare workers of District Srinagar. Healthcare workers who had ever worked at a dedicated-COVID hospital had a substantially lower seroprevalence of 0.6% (95%CI: 0.2 - 1.9). Among healthcare workers who had tested positive for RT-PCR, seroprevalence was 27.6% (95%CI: 14.0 - 47.2).
Age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index score is the best predictor for severe clinical outcome in the hospitalized patients with COVID-19 infection: a result from nationwide database of 5,621 Korean patients	Kim,  Do Hyoung,  Park, et al	medRxiv	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	This retrospective, nationwide cohort study was performed to evaluate patient mortality and clinical outcome according to CCIS among the hospitalized patients with COVID-19 infection. We included 5,621 patients who had been discharged from isolation or had died from COVID-19 by April 30, 2020. Among 5,621 patients, the high CCIS (≥3) group showed higher proportion of elderly population and lower plasma hemoglobin and lower lymphocyte and platelet counts. The high CCIS group was an independent risk factor for composite outcome (HR 3.63, 95% CI 2.45-5.37, P < 0.001) and patient mortality (HR 22.96, 95% CI 7.20-73.24, P < 0.001). The nomogram demonstrated that the CCIS was the most potent predictive factor for patient mortality. The predictive nomogram using CCIS for the hospitalized patients with COVID-19 may help clinicians to triage the high-risk population and to concentrate limited resources to manage them.
N-Terminomics for the Identification of in vitro Substrates and Cleavage Site Specificity of the SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease	Koudelka,  T,  Boger, et al	Proteomics	Coronavirology| Coronavirologie	To identify substrates of the three main proteases from SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, and hCoV-NL63 coronviruses, we performed an LC-MS based N-terminomics in vitro analysis using recombinantly expressed proteases and lung epithelial and endothelial cell lysates as substrate pools. For SARS-CoV-2 M(pro) we identified 445 cleavage events from over 300 proteins, while 151 and 331 M(pro) derived cleavage events were identified for SARS-CoV and hCoV-NL63, respectively. These data enable to better understand the cleavage site specificity of the viral proteases and will help to identify novel substrates in vivo.
Disruptions to schistosomiasis programmes due to COVID-19: an analysis of potential impact and mitigation strategies	Kura,  Klodeta,  Ayabina, et al	medRxiv	Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	Authors use mathematical modelling to explore how postponement of MDA and various mitigation strategies affect achievement of the EPHP goal for Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium. Schistosomiasis MDA programmes in medium and high prevalence areas should restart as soon as is feasible, and mitigation strategies may be required in some settings.
Outcome of patients hospitalized for COVID-19 and exposure to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin-receptor blockers in France: results of the ACE-CoV study	Lafaurie,  M,  Martin-Blondel, et al	Fundam Clin Pharmacol	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	The ACE-CoV study was designed to assess the impact of ACEI/ARB exposure on unfavorable outcome in the population of patients hospitalized for COVID-19 with hypertension/cardiovascular disease. The study was conducted in the Covid-Clinic-Toul cohort, which contains data about all patients hospitalized at Toulouse University hospital, France with a SARS-CoV-2 infection since March, 2020. We selected the patients with a history of cardiovascular disease and/or arterial hypertension. We used logistic regression models with propensity scores (PS) weighted by overlap weighting (OW) and inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW). Between March 2020 and April 20, 2020, the Covid-Clinic-Toul included 263 patients.In OW-PS-adjusted analyses, the association of exposure to ACEIs or ARBs with outcome occurrence was OR: 1.56 (95% CI: 0.73-3.33). It was 0.99 (95% CI: 0.68-1.45) for ACEIs and 1.64 (95% CI: 0.77-3.50) for ARBs. The ACE-CoV study found no association between exposure to ACEIs or ARBs and unfavorable outcome in hospitalized patients for COVID-19 with a history of cardiovascular disease/arterial hypertension.
Shorter incubation period is associated with severe disease progression in patients with COVID-19	Lai,  C,  Yu, et al	Virulence	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	A total of 330 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 were enrolled and classified into immediate onset group (incubation period IP<3 days, I group, 57 cases) and late onset group (IP>10 days, L group, 75 cases) based on IP. patients with different IP were different in clinical symptoms, laboratory tests, and CT presentations. Shorter IP was associated with the aggravation of lung involvement in CT scan.
The psychological impact of health risk communication and social media among college students during the 2019 novel coronavirus disease pandemic: A cross-sectional research	Li,  M,  Liu, et al	J Med Internet Res	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	Objective: The aim of this research was to assess the prevalence of psychological problems and explore the association with health risk communication and social media. There was a high prevalence of psychological problems among college students. Health risk communication and social media were important in predicting psychological problems, especially health anxiety.
Remdesivir Metabolite GS-441524 Efficiently Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Mouse Model	Li,  Yingjun,  Cao, et al	bioRxiv	Therapeutics| Thérapeutique Animal model | Modèle animal	Authors report that the parent nucleotide of remdesivir, GS-441524, potently inhibits the replication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Vero E6 and other cells. Results also supported that GS-441524 as a promising and inexpensive drug candidate in the treatment of COVID-19 and future emerging CoVs diseases.
Head-to-head comparison of SARS-CoV-2 antigen-detecting rapid test with self-collected anterior nasal swab versus professional-collected nasopharyngeal swab	Lindner,  AndreasK,  Nikolai, et al	medRxiv	Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes	This report discusses the results of a manufacturer-independent, prospective diagnostic accuracy study with comparison of a supervised, self-collected anterior nasal (AN) swab sample with a professional-collected NP swab sample, using a WHO-listed SARS-CoV-2 Ag-RDT, STANDARD Q COVID-19 Ag Test (SD Biosensor), which is also being distributed by Roche. Supervised self-sampling from the anterior nose is a reliable alternative to professional nasopharyngeal sampling using a WHO-listed SARS-CoV-2 Ag-RDT.
ISG15-dependent Activation of the RNA Sensor MDA5 and its Antagonism by the SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease	Liu,  GuanQun,  Lee, et al	bioRxiv	Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Immunology | Immunologie	This work demonstrates a crucial role for ISG15 in the MDA5-mediated antiviral response, and also identifies a novel immune evasion mechanism of SARS-CoV-2, which may be targeted for the development of new antivirals and vaccines to combat COVID-19.
Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibodies in the Staff of a Public School System in the Midwestern United States	Lopez,  Lilah,  Weber, et al	medRxiv	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Immunology | Immunologie	This study is a cross-sectional, population-based analysis of the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in  Lake Central School Corporation (LCSC) staff measured in July 2020. 753 participants representative of the staff at large were enrolled. 22 participants (2.9%, 95% CI: 1.8% - 4.4%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Correcting for test performance parameters, the seroprevalence is estimated at 1.7% (90% Credible Interval: 0.27% - 3.3%). Multivariable logistic regression including mask wearing, travel history, symptom history, and contact history revealed a 48-fold increase in the odds of seropositivity if an individual previously tested positive for COVID-19 (OR: 48.2, 95%CI: 4 - 600). Amongst individuals with no previous positive test, exposure to a person diagnosed with COVID-19 increased the odds of seropositivity by 7-fold ( OR: 6.5, 95%CI: 2.06 - 18.9).
Reducing Covid-19 risk in schools: a qualitative examination of staff and family views and concerns	Lorenc,  Ava,  Kesten, et al	medRxiv	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	This study investigated young people, parent and school staff attitudes towards secondary school Covid-19 mitigation measures. Participants were 13 school staff, 20 parents and 17 young people. Concerns about Covid-19 risk at school, especially to vulnerable individuals, were outweighed by perceived risks of not returning to school. Some teachers anticipated guilt around being a potential spreader. Participants saw school mitigation measures as an acceptable and pragmatic solution to the impossibility of social distancing, although anticipated challenges in changing habitual behaviour. Participants supported school Covid-19 testing but identified the need to consider data security and stigma. Staff were concerned about unintended consequences of risk-reduction strategies and widening inequalities.
Fluctuating High Throughput Serological Assay Results in Recurrent Convalescent Plasma Donors	Luchsinger,  LarryL,  Rehmani, et al	medRxiv	Clinical data| Données cliniques Immunology | Immunologie	This study analyzed 63 donors and measured antibody levels using two high throughput screening assays (HTSA) designed to detect antibodies targeting the spike protein (S1) and nucleocapsid protein (NP) of SARS-CoV-2 and monitored antibody levels between 2-8 consecutive donations. Showed that anti-S1 antibody levels, as measured using the Ortho Total Ig HTSA, increased over time in repeat COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP)  donors while anti-NP antibody levels, as measured using the Abbott IgG HTSA, were unchanged or decreased over time. When normalized these data, it was found that both the absolute levels of anti-S1 antibodies and the ratio between S1 and NP antibodies tends to increase over time.
COVID-19 lockdown: physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep in Italian medicine students	Luciano,  F,  Cenacchi, et al	Eur J Sport Sci	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	This study aimed at describing medicine students’ behaviours during lockdown and comparing them with pre-lockdown data and current recommendations. Decreased physical activity, and increased sitting and sleep time were observed from pre- to during lockdown in 6th year students (p<0.01). Even participants with higher physical activity featured high sitting time. Sleeping less than recommended (<7 hours/night) was associated with more sitting time and less energies to perform daily activities.
A multiagent coronavirus model with territorial vulnerability parameters	Magalhaes,  Patricia,  Pinto, et al	medRxiv	Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Transmission	Authors developed a simple and user-friendly simulator called MD Corona that is based on a multiagent model and describes the transmission dynamics of coronavirus for a given location considering three setting parameters: population density, social-isolation rate, and effective transmission probability. The simulator can be used for scientific outreach purposes, bringing science closer to the general public in order to raise awareness and increase engagement about the effectiveness of social distancing in reducing the transmissibility of the virus, but also to support effective actions to mitigate the spread of the virus.
Risk and Protective Factors for Prospective Changes in Adolescent Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic	Magson,  NR,  Freeman, et al	J Youth Adolesc	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	Two hundred and forty eight adolescents were surveyed over two time points; in the 12 months leading up to the COVID-19 outbreak (T1), and again two months following the implementation of government restrictions and online learning (T2). This study provides initial longitudinal evidence for the decline of adolescent’s mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results suggest that adolescents are more concerned about the government restrictions designed to contain the spread of the virus, than the virus itself, and that those concerns are associated with increased anxiety and depressive symptoms, and decreased life satisfaction.
Global Sentiment Analysis Of COVID-19 Tweets Over Time	Mansoor,  Muvazima,  Gurumurthy, et al	arXiv	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	This paper presents the global sentiment analysis of tweets related to Coronavirus and how the sentiment of people in different countries has changed over time. Furthermore, to determine the impact of Coronavirus on daily aspects of life, tweets related to Work From Home (WFH) and Online Learning were scraped and the change in sentiment over time was observed.
Transmission of COVID-19 in 282 clusters in Catalonia, Spain: a cohort study	Marks,  Michael,  Millat, et al	medRxiv	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Transmission Clinical data| Données cliniques Therapeutics| Thérapeutique	Authors analysed data collected in a trial of hydroxychloroquine post-exposure prophylaxis to investigate the risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and developing symptomatic Covid-19 and in particular the relationship to viral load (VL). The risk of symptomatic Covid-19 is strongly associated with viral load of the contact at baseline, which shortens the incubation time in a dose-dependent manner
COVID-19 outbreak in long-term care facilities from Spain. Many lessons to learn	Mas Romero,  M,  Avendaño Céspedes, et al	PLoS One	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie	Objectives: To analyze mortality, costs, residents and personnel characteristics, in six long-term care facilities (LTCF) during the outbreak of COVID-19 in Spain. Participants: 198 residents and 190 workers from LTCF A were included, between 2020 March 6 and April 5. Epidemiological data were also collected from six LTCFs of Albacete for the same period of time, including 1,084 residents. The most common symptoms were fever, cough and dyspnea. The COVID-19 pandemic posed residents at high mortality risk, mainly in those older, frail and with worse functional status. Personal and economic costs were high.
Lack of Serologic Evidence of Infection Among Health Care Personnel and Other Contacts of First 2 Confirmed Patients With COVID-19 in Illinois, 2020	McPherson,  TD,  Ghinai, et al	Public Health Rep	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Immunology | Immunologie	In this study, we used comprehensive contact tracing of the first 2 confirmed patients in Illinois with COVID-19 and serologic SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing to determine whether contacts had evidence of undetected COVID-19. Contacts were eligible for serologic follow-up if previously tested for COVID-19 during an initial investigation or had greater-risk exposures. Contacts completed a standardized questionnaire during the initial investigation.  Serologic testing used a SARS-CoV-2 spike enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay on serum specimens collected from participants approximately 6 weeks after initial exposure to either index patient. The 2 index patients provided serum specimens throughout their illness. Of 347 contacts, 110 were eligible for serologic follow-up; 59 (17% of all contacts) enrolled. Of these, 53 (90%) were health care personnel and 6 (10%) were community contacts. No participant had evidence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The 2 index patients had antibodies detected at dilutions >1:6400 within 4 weeks after symptom onset. In serologic follow-up of the first 2 known patients in Illinois with COVID-19, we found no secondary transmission among tested contacts
Russia’s Covid – 19 Vaccine: Social discussion and first emotions	Meena,  R,  T	Research Square prepub	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	Social media chats related to healthcare are the prodigious basis of analysing the emotions of the people. Now, the Covid-19 vaccine is being the prevalent hope of nearly the entire mankind in the planet. Russia’s first vaccine announcement kindled the various rays of emotions among the social media users which are shared as tweets. The tweet data is collected and analysed for the emotions and psychology of the users along with the topic of interest in their discussion. Using computational methods and algorithms such as machine learning and LDA, the social emotions are revealed and presented.
A Deep Learning Prognosis Model Help Alert for COVID-19 Patients at High-Risk of Death: A Multi-center Study	Meng,  L,  Dong, et al	IEEE J Biomed Health Inform	Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie	We developed a 3D densely connected convolutional neural network (termed De-COVID19-Net) to predict the probability of COVID-19 patients belonging to the high-risk or low-risk group, combining CT and clinical information.  The De-COVID19-Net yielded an AUC of 0.952 (95% confidence interval, 0.928-0.977) on the training set and 0.943 (0.904-0.981) on the test set. The stratified analyses indicated that our model's performance is independent of age, sex, and with/without chronic diseases. The Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that our model could significantly categorize patients into high-risk and low-risk groups (p < 0.001). In conclusion, De-COVID19-Net can non-invasively predict whether a patient will die shortly based on the patient's initial CT scan with an impressive performance, which indicated that it could be used as a potential prognosis tool to alert high-risk patients and intervene in advance.
Online information on face masks in Italian and English websites: issues and responsibilities of search engines	Meta,  Shaily,  Ghezzi, et al	medRxiv	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	We analyzed 450 webpages returned by searching the string 'are face masks dangerous' in Italy, the UK and the USA using three search engines (Bing, Duckduckgo and Google). The majority (64-79%) were pages from news outlets, with few (2-6%) pages from government and public health agencies. Webpages with a positive stance on masks were more frequent in English (50%) than in Italian (36%), and those with a negative stance were more frequent in Italian (28% vs. 19% in English). Google returned the highest number of mask-positive pages and Duckduckgo the lowest. Google also returned the lowest number of pages mentioning conspiracy theories and Duckduckgo the highest. Webpages in Italian scored lower than those in English in transparency (reporting authors, their credentials and backing the information with references). When issues about the use of face masks were analyzed, mask effectiveness was the most discussed followed by hypercapnia (accumulation of carbon dioxide), contraindication in respiratory disease, and hypoxia, with issues related to their contraindications in mental health conditions and disability mentioned by very few pages. This study suggests that: 1) public health agencies should increase their web presence in providing correct information on face masks; 2) search engines should improve the information quality criteria in their ranking; 3) the public should be more informed on issues related to the use of masks and disabilities, mental health and stigma arising for those people who cannot wear masks.
COVID-19 Infections Following Physical School Reopening	Miron,  Oren,  Yu, et al	medRxiv	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique	This study examined Coronavirus Disease-19 incidence following school reopening in Florida. Found that counties teaching physically had 1.2-fold incidence increase in elementary schools and 1.3-fold increase in high schools, while counties teaching remotely had no increase.
COVID-19 infections following outdoor mass gatherings in low incidence areas: retrospective cohort study	Miron,  Oren,  Yu, et al	medRxiv	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie	Authors retrospectively examined COVID-19 incidence in 20 counties that held mass-gathering rallies (19 outdoor and 1 indoor), in August-September 2020 in the United States. These results suggest that even outdoor gatherings in areas with low COVID-19 incidence are followed by increased infections, and that further precautions should be taken at such gatherings.
Real-world evaluation of a computed tomography-first triage strategy for suspected coronavirus disease 2019 in emergency outpatients in Japan: an observational cohort study	Miyake,  Shigeta,  Higurashi, et al	Research Square prepub	Clinical data| Données cliniques Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	The aim of this single-center cohort study is to investigate the real-world efficacy and limitations of a CT-first triage strategy in patients with suspected COVID-19. In total, 108 outpatients with suspected COVID-19 were examined at our hospital. Using the CT-first triage protocol, 48 (44.9%) patients were suspected of having COVID-19. Nine patients (18.8%) in this group were positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 using polymerase chain reaction; no patients in the group not suspected of having COVID-19 were diagnosed with COVID-19 during follow up. The protocol significantly shortened the duration of isolation for the not-suspected versus the suspected group
Macrophage activation in obese type 2 diabetes: an enhanced risk for COVID-19 and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome?	Moin,  Abu,  Sathyapalan, et al	Research Square prepub	Clinical data| Données cliniques	Hyperactivation of the immune system through obesity and diabetes may enhance infection severity complicated by Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), the hallmark of severe COVID-19 disease. The objective of this case-controlled study was to determine the circulatory biomarkers for macrophage activation at baseline and after serum glucose normalization in obese type 2 diabetes (OT2D) subjects. In the basal state, macrophage activation markers are elevated, and these reflect the expression of circulatory cytokines, chemokines, growth factors and matrix metalloproteinases in obese individuals with type 2 diabetes, that were not changed by glucose normalisation. These differences may predispose the diabetic individuals to ARDS reflecting in increased COVID-19 disease severity.
The French Covid-19 contact tracing app: usage and opinions by students in the health domain	Montagni,  Ilaria,  Roussel, et al	medRxiv	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	This study aimed to investigate health-related students' usage and opinions about the StopCovid app in France. A field survey was conducted among 318 students at the health sciences campus of the University of Bordeaux, France. Quota sampling method was used and descriptive statistics were performed. A total of 77.3% (246/318) students had heard about the app, but only 11.3% (36/318) had downloaded it and 4.7% (15/318) were still using it. Main reasons for not using the app were: belief that it was not effective given its limited diffusion (17.6%, 37/210), lack of interest (17.6%, 37/210) and distrust in data security and fear to be geo-located (15.7%, 33/210). Among those who had not heard about the app, after a brief description of its functioning and confidentiality policy, 52.7% (38/72) would use it. Participants reported that the main solution for increasing the use of the app would be a better communication strategy (71.4%, 227/318).
PMC7505562; Forecasting of COVID-19 pandemic: From integer derivatives to fractional derivatives	Nabi,  KN,  Abboubakar, et al	Chaos Solitons Fractals	Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique	A new compartmental mathematical model has been proposed incorporating imperfect quarantine and ineffective lockdown policies. With an aim to gain a deeper understanding about probable peak dates and sizes, a fractional model has been developed by using the concept of Caputo derivative. Adams-Bashforth-Moulton numerical scheme has been applied for numerical simulations of the fractional model. Efficacy of confinement measures is found to be the most significant parameter in controlling the transmission dynamics of COVID-19.
Quantifying SARS-CoV-2 spread in Switzerland based on genomic sequencing data	Nadeau,  Sarah,  Beckmann, et al	medRxiv	Coronavirology| Coronavirologie	Authors demonstrate that no one lineage became dominant, pointing against evolution towards general lower virulence. The framework can be applied to quantify evolution and epidemiology in other locations or for other pathogens based on genomic data.
NET-TF-SW: Event popularity quantification with network structure	Nagaya,  H,  Hayashi, et al		Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	Here, we propose Net-TF-SW - a noise-robust and explainable topic popularity analysis method. This method is applied to tweets related to COVID-19 and the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Disaster, which are two significant crises that have caused significant anxiety and confusion among Japanese citizens. Tweets about COVID-19 which were extracted from 16 January, 2020-21 March, 2020. Based on the data presented, a tendency of a sudden climax is observed, although a gradual trend is also observed to exist. These results can be interpreted to be accurate representations of the characteristics of social media, such as the reactions of users to related news and the flames of a particular user. Based on the data presented, it was confirmed that a list of prospective influencers with respect to the Fukushima disaster and COVID-19 could be successfully compiled based on user attributes detected from their profiles and tweets.
The efficacy of Siddha Medicine, Kabasura Kudineer (KSK) compared to Vitamin C & Zinc (CZ) supplementation in the management of asymptomatic COVID-19 cases: A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial	Natarajan,  S,  Anbarasi, et al	Trials	RCT	Study protocol: The primary objectives of this study are to determine efficacy of Siddha medicine, Kabasura kudineer in reduction of SARS-CoV-2 viral load and reducing the onset of symptoms in asymptomatic COVID-19 when compared to Vitamin C and Zinc (CZ) supplementation. In addition, the trial will examine the changes in the immunological markers of the Siddha medicine against control. The secondary objectives of the trial are to evaluate the safety of the Siddha medicine and to document clinical profile of asymptomatic COVID-19 as per principles of Siddha system of Medicine.
SFLT-1 LEVELS IN COVID-19 PATIENTS: ASSOCIATION WITH OUTCOME AND THROMBOSIS	Negro,  A,  Fama, et al	Am J Hematol	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	Our primary goal was to assess factors associated with survival in patients with moderate/severe COVID-19. The study population included 105 inpatients with COVID-19 diagnosis, confirmed by RT-PCR SARS-COV-2 assay on nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs, and followed to death or until recovery. In multivariable analysis only 3 risk factors retained significance: age (p=0.018), white blood cell count (p=0.022), and sFlt-1 levels (p=0.003). The best threshold for each variable was determined with logistic regression: sFlt-1 > 165 pg/ml; Age > 65 years; WBC > 10000 cells/mcl. The predictive accuracy of the three new binomial categories combined was evaluated with the ROC curve: AUC 0.87.
Analyzing the effects of public interventions on reducing public gatherings in China during the COVID-19 epidemic via mobile terminals positioning data	Nie,  L,  Guo, et al	Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique	. In this article, we explored the feasibility of using mobile terminal positioning data to study the impact of some nonpharmaceutical public health interventions implemented by China. The data-driven experimental results showed that the interventions that China implemented reduced the number of people in public places by approximately 60% between January 24 and February 28. Among the 31 provinces in the Chinese mainland, some provinces, such as Tianjin and Chongqing, were more affected by the interventions, while other provinces, such as Gansu, were less affected. In terms of the stages, the phase with the greatest intervention effect was from February 3 to 14, during which the number of daily confirmed cases in China showed a turning point.
Heuristic assessment of the economic effects of pandemic control	Niu,  Xiang,  Brissette, et al	arXiv	Economics | Économie	We introduce a method for converting network interaction data into continuous dynamics to which we apply optimal control. We contribute the first method for constructing and controlling risk network dynamics based on empirically collected data. We identify seven risks commonly used by governments to control COVID-19 spread and show that many alternative driver risk sets exist with potentially lower cost of control.
Clinical evaluation of a fully automated, lab developed multiplex RT-PCR assay integrating dual-target SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza-A/B detection on a high-throughput platform	Nörz,  Dominik,  Hoffmann, et al	medRxiv	Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes	This study adapted and evaluated a laboratory developed multiplex RT-PCR assay for simultaneous detection of SARS-CoV-2 (dual-target), Influenza-A and Influenza-B (SC2/InflA/InflB-UCT) on a fully automated high-throughput system (cobas6800). The assay demonstrated analytical performance comparable to currently available commercial tests, with limits of detection of 94.9 cp/ml for SARS-CoV-2, 14.6 cp/ml for Influenza-A and 422.3 cp/ml for Influenza-B. Clinical evaluation showed excellent agreement with the comparator assays (sensitivity 98.1%, 97.7% and 100% for Sars-CoV-2, Influenza-A and -B respectively). The SC2/InflA/InflB-UCT allows for efficient high-throughput testing for all three pathogens and thus provides streamlined diagnostics while conserving resources during the Influenza-season.
CO2 measurements in instrumental and vocal closed room settings as a risk reducing measure for a Coronavirus infection	Nusseck,  Manfred,  Richter, et al	medRxiv	Transmission Infection Prevention and Control/ Prévention et contrôle des infections (IPAC/PCI)	In this study, carbon dioxide concentration (CO2) as an indicator of the indoor air quality (IAQ) was measured during 47 music lessons and rehearsals at a university of music including 141 persons.  Wind instruments had the highest CO2 emissions. Singers showed low CO2 emission rates comparable to the control group which only spoke and listened.
Evaluating Intimate Partner Violence and the Psychological Implications Amid the COVID-19 Lockdown: A Nigerian Study	Ojeahere,  Margaret Isioma,  Kumswa, et al	SSRN- Lancet prepublication	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	We aimed to determine the prevalence of IPV, its forms and psychological implications among Nigerian Households amid the COVID-19 lockdown. Decreased prevalence of IPV were found, suggesting that couples may experience less partner violence during periods of confinement, however taking into cognisance underreporting and not reporting by participants.
Economic and social impacts of COVID-19 and public health measures: results from an anonymous online survey in Thailand, Malaysia, the United Kingdom, Italy and Slovenia	Osterrieder,  Anne,  Cuman, et al	medRxiv	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	To aid understanding of the impact of public health measures on different social groups authors conducted a mixed-methods study in five countries (Thailand, Malaysia, the United Kingdom, Italy and Slovenia). Data showed that COVID-19 public health measures have uneven economic and social impacts on people from different countries and social groups.
Awake prone positioning in COVID-19 hypoxemic respiratory failure: exploratory findings in a single-center retrospective cohort study	Padrão,  EM,  Valente, et al	Acad Emerg Med	Clinical data| Données cliniques	Our objective was to evaluate if prone positioning is associated with a reduced intubation rate when compared to usual care. This retrospective cohort study was conducted in the emergency department of a large quaternary hospital in Sao Paulo. We retrieved data from all admitted patients in need of oxygen supplementation (> 3 L/min) and tachypnea (> 24 ipm). In the intervention group (prone positioning), 33 (58%) were intubated versus 53 (49%) in the control group. We observed no difference in intubation rates in the univariate analysis (hazard ratio, 1.21; 95% CI 0.78 to 1.88; p=0.39) neither in the adjusted analysis (hazard ratio, 0.90; 95% CI 0.55 to 1.49; p=0.69). Results were robust to the sensitivity analyses. Secondary outcomes did not differ between groups.
Balint-Holmes syndrome due to stroke following SARS-CoV-2 infection: a single-case report	Panico,  F,  Arini, et al	Neurol Sci	Clinical data| Données cliniques	Here we report a patient showing BHS following bilateral parieto-occipital damage due to a stroke after SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Clinical Outcome of Asymptomatic COVID-19 Infection Among a Large Nationwide Cohort of 5,621 Hospitalized Patients in Korea	Park,  Hayne Cho,  Kim, et al	medRxiv	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	This study investigated clinical outcome of asymptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and identified risk factors associated with high patient mortality using Korean nationwide public database of 5,621 hospitalized patients. The prevalence of asymptomatic COVID-19 infection was 25.8%. The mortality rates were not different between asymptomatic and symptomatic patients (3.3% vs. 4.5%, p=0.17). However, symptomatic patients were more likely to receive ICU care compared to asymptomatic patients (4.1% vs. 1.0%, p<0.0001). The age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index score (CCIS) was the most potent predictor for patient mortality in asymptomatic patients.
COVID-19 Seroprevalence in Military Police Forces, Southern Brazil	Pasqualotto,  AlessandroC,  Pereira, et al	SSRN- Lancet prepublication	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Immunology | Immunologie	In this cross-section study we evaluated COVID-19 seroprevalence in military police forces of ten major cities in Rio Grande do Sul, South of Brazil. Antibodies were detected in 3.3%, mostly IgA (2.7%), and IgG (1.7%). After 3 weeks, 66.7% of IgA and IgG results turned negative, in addition to 78.3% and 100% of borderline IgA and IgG results, respectively. Asymptomatic people were more prone to have negative antibody titters in the second run. The seroprevalence of COVID-19 amongst military police was at least 3.4 higher than the findings of other studies performed in the general population, in the same cities and dates.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on remote mental healthcare and prescribing in psychiatry	Patel,  Rashmi,  Irving, et al	medRxiv	Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	This study investigated the impact of the pandemic on the use of remote consultation and on the prescribing of psychiatric medications. Following the onset of the pandemic, the frequency of in-person contacts was significantly reduced compared to that in the previous year (β coefficient: -5829.6 contacts, 95% CI -6919.5 to -4739.6, p<0.001), while the frequency of remote contacts significantly increased (β coefficient: 3338.5 contacts, 95% CI 3074.4 to 3602.7, p<0.001). Rates of remote consultation were lower in older adults than in working age adults, children and adolescents. Despite this change in the type of patient contact, antipsychotic and mood stabiliser prescribing remained at similar levels.
ACE2 Netlas: In-silico functional characterization and drug-gene interactions of ACE2 gene network to understand its potential involvement in COVID-19 susceptibility	Pathak,  GitaA,  Wendt, et al	medRxiv	Coronavirology| Coronavirologie	Authors performed a multi-level characterization of genes that interact with ACE2 (ACE2-gene network) for their over-represented biological properties in the context of COVID-19. Overall, functional characterization of ACE2-gene network highlights several potential mechanisms in COVID-19 susceptibility.
PMC7567446 (available upon request from the corresponding author) and declare that they have no competing interests; Retrospective analysis of the accuracy of predicting the alert level of COVID-19 in 202 countries using Google Trends and machine learning	Peng,  Y,  Li, et al	J Glob Health	Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie	We aim to develop a model from a small number of countries to predict the epidemic alert level in all the countries worldwide.  Our model performed well in 154 (76.2%) countries, of which each had no more than four misclassified samples. In these 154 countries, the accuracy was 0.8133, and the kappa coefficient was 0.6828. While in all 202 countries, the accuracy was 0.7527, and the kappa coefficient was 0.5841. The proposed algorithm based on Random Forest Classification and nine features performed better compared to other machine learning methods and the models with different numbers of features.  Our result suggested that the model developed from 20 countries with Google Trends data and Random Forest Classification can be applied to  predict the epidemic alert levels of most countries worldwide.
Eosinopenia could be a relevant prognostic biomarker in patients with coronavirus disease 2019	Perlini,  S,  Ciprandi, et al	Allergy Asthma Proc	Clinical data| Données cliniques	Abstract not available. Full text not available open access.
Cardiovascular comorbidities as predictors for severe COVID-19 infection or death	Phelps,  M,  Christensen, et al	Eur Heart J Qual Care Clin Outcomes	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	In a nationwide Danish cohort of hospital-screened COVID-19 patients aged > =40, we investigated if pre-existing CVDs predict the 30-day risk of (1) composite outcome of severe COVID-19 and (2) all-cause mortality.   Predicted risks of both outcomes at age 75 among men with single CVD comorbidities did not differ in clinically meaningful amounts compared to men with no comorbidities risks for the composite outcome of severe infection; women with heart failure (28.2%; 95% CI 21.1%-37.0%) or atrial fibrillation (30.0%; 95% CI: 24.2%-36.9%) showed modest increases compared to women with no comorbidities (24.0%; 95% CI: 21.4%-26.9%).
Network-based Prediction of COVID-19 Epidemic Spreading in Italy	Pizzuti,  Clara,  Socievole, et al	arXiv	Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique	In this paper, we investigate the prediction accuracy of the SIR model on networks also for Italy. We modify the network-based SIR model in order to take into account the different lockdown measures adopted by the Italian Government in the various phases of the spreading of the COVID-19. Our results indicate that the network-based model better predicts the daily cumulative infected individuals when time-varying lockdown protocols are incorporated in the classical SIR model.
Community prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in England during April to September 2020: Results from the ONS Coronavirus Infection Survey	Pouwels,  KoenB,  House, et al	medRxiv	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie	This study investigated  spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the community and evaluated risk factors for testing positive. Between 26 April and 19 September 2020, in total, results were available from 514,794 samples from 123,497 individuals, of which 489 were positive overall from 398 individuals. The percentage of people testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 changed substantially over time, with an initial decrease between end of April and June, followed by low levels during the summer, before marked increases end of August and September 2020. Having a patient-facing role and working outside your home were important risk factors for testing positive in the first period but not (yet) in the second period of increased positivity rates, and age (young adults) being an important driver of the second period of increased positivity rates. A substantial proportion of infections were in individuals not reporting symptoms (53%-70%, dependent on calendar time).
Symptoms at presentation for patients admitted to hospital with Covid-19: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study	Pritchard,  MarkG	medRxiv	Clinical data| Données cliniques	Authors used international prospective observational data from patients admitted to hospital with laboratory-confirmed Covid-19. Older adults and children admitted to hospital with Covid-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms of cough, fever and shortness of breath.
Antibody binding epitope Mapping (AbMap) of hundred antibodies in a single run	Qi,  H,  Ma, et al	Mol Cell Proteomics	Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Immunology | Immunologie	We developed a strategy, Antibody binding epitope Mapping (AbMap), by combining a phage displayed peptide library with next generation sequencing. Using AbMap, profiles of the peptides bound by 202 antibodies were determined in a single test, and linear epitopes were identified for >50% of the antibodies. Using spike protein (S1 and S2)-enriched antibodies from the convalescent serum of one COVID-19 patient as the input, both linear and conformational epitopes of spike protein specific antibodies were identified. We defined peptide-binding profile of an antibody as the Binding Capacity (BiC). Conceptually, the BiC could serve as a systematic and functional descriptor of any antibody. Requiring at least one order of magnitude less time and money to map linear epitopes than traditional technologies, AbMap allows for high-throughput epitope mapping and creates many possibilities.
A quantitative exploration of symptoms in COVID-19 patients: an observational cohort study	Qu,  Gaojing,  Chen, et al	medRxiv	Clinical data| Données cliniques	This study presents an ambispective observational cohort study, and 133 confirmed COVID-19 patients were included and all symptoms over the course were analyzed qualitatively.   The symptoms of COVID-19 patients mainly related to upper respiratory tract infection, cardiopulmonary function, and digestive system.
Economic Losses Associated with COVID-19 Deaths in the United States	Quast,  Troy,  Andel, et al	medRxiv	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Economics | Économie	This study estimates the economic loss associated with COVID-19 deaths in the U.S. from February 1, 2020 through July 11, 2020. Uses estimates of years of life lost that are based on the age and gender of decedents. Using a value of life year estimate of $66,759, calculated economic losses of roughly $66 billion. The losses are concentrated in New York and New Jersey, which account for 17.5% of the total losses. The analysis of per capita losses by state indicates that the highest values are located in the northeastern region of the country, while the values in the western states are relatively low. While economic losses associate with COVID-19 deaths is just one aspect of the pandemic, these estimates can provide context to the value of prevention and mitigation efforts.
COVID-19 and 'immune boosting' on the internet: a content analysis of Google search results	Rachul,  C,  Marcon, et al	BMJ Open	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	This study explores how immune boosting is portrayed on the internet during the COVID-19 pandemic. We compiled a dataset of 227 webpages from Google searches in Canada and the USA using the phrase ‘boost immunity’ AND ‘coronavirus’ on 1 April 2020. No significant differences were found between webpages that appeared in the searches in Canada and the USA. The most common types of webpages were from news (40.5%) and commercial (24.7%) websites. The concept of immune boosting was portrayed as beneficial for avoiding COVID-19 in 85.5% of webpages and supplements were portrayed as beneficial in 40% of the webpages, but commercial sites were more likely to have these portrayals. The top immune boosting strategies were vitamin C (34.8%), diet (34.4%), sleep (34.4%), exercise (30.8%) and zinc (26.9%). Less than 10% of the webpages provide any critique of the concept of immune boosting.  Pairing evidence-based advice for maintaining one’s health (eg, healthy diet, exercise, sleep) with the phrase immune boosting and strategies lacking in evidence may inadvertently help to legitimise the concept, making it a powerful marketing tool. Results demonstrate how the spread of misinformation is complex and often more subtle than blatant fraudulent claims.
A case of COVID-19, with cytokine storm, treated by consecutive use of therapeutic plasma exchange followed by convalescent plasma transfusion: a case report	Ragab,  D,  Salah Eldin, et al	J Med Virol	Clinical data| Données cliniques	Herein, we report a case of a 72 year old man with severe COVID-19 with ARDS and cytokine storm that dramatically improved on combined use of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and convalescent plasma transfusion
Mobile Network Performance during the COVID-19 Outbreak from a Testbed Perspective	Rajiullah,  M,  Khatouni, et al		Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	We investigate the performance of 9 mobile networks in Europe around the time when restrictions were imposed, considering web QoE, throughput, RTT, and signal coverage. Our results show countries' mobile networks are impacted by COVID-19 (as high as 46 % increase in page load time) at different times based on the outbreak timelines in these countries. Moreover, we find that operators responded properly and the network performance is back to the pre-COVID-19 times.
Rapid Development of a  De Novo  Convalescent Plasma Program in Response to a Global Pandemic: A Large Southeastern U.S. Blood Center's Experience	Reik,  Rita,  Gammon, et al	medRxiv	Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	This study describe a large US blood center's (BC) rapid implementation of a COVID-19, convalescent plasma (CPP) program in response to community needs. 619 CCP donors (299 females, 320 males) presented for CCP donation 161 (25.6%) whole blood, 466 (74.1%) plasmapheresis] resulting in 1219 CCP units. Production of CCP increased as processes were automated and streamlined, from a mean of 11 donors collected/day for the first month to a mean of 25 donors collected/day in the subsequent two weeks. Backlogged orders were cleared, and inventory began to accumulate 4 weeks after project initiation.
The psychological burden experienced by Chinese citizens during the COVID-19 outbreak: prevalence and determinants	Ren,  Z,  Zhou, et al	BMC Public Health	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	The present study is aims to investigate the prevalence and determinants of depression and anxiety among the general population in the context of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China. Among the 6130 participants, the prevalence of anxiety and depression was 7.1 and 12%, respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that psychological disturbances were associated with gender, people with religious background, being a medical professional, having physical or mental health disease, difficulty accessing medical aids, experience with traumatic incidents, the perceived possibility of sequelae after being cured of COVID-19, daily online time, the source of the information relevant to COVID-19, frequency of receiving information regarding COVID-19, and negative feelings triggered by social media.
The spatio-temporal landscape of lung pathology in SARS-CoV-2 infection	Rendeiro,  AndreF,  Ravichandran, et al	medRxiv	Clinical data| Données cliniques	Authors use high parameter imaging mass cytometry targeting the expression of 36 proteins, to investigate at single cell resolution, the cellular composition and spatial architecture of human acute lung injury including SARS-CoV-2.  This spatial single-cell landscape enabled the pathophysiological characterization of the human lung from its macroscopic presentation to the single-cell, providing an important basis for the understanding of COVID-19, and lung pathology in general
PMC7567444 form (available upon request from the corresponding author), and declare no conflicts of interest; COVID-19 mortality among pregnant women in Mexico: A retrospective cohort study	Ríos-Silva,  M,  Murillo-Zamora, et al	J Glob Health	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	The objective of this study was to identify risk factors for the complications and death in women of childbearing age and pregnant women with suspected COVID-19. Ten (2.2%) pregnant women with confirmed COVID-19 died. Positive pregnant patients did not have a higher risk of complications (admission to the ICU, pneumonia, or requirement for mechanical ventilation) or death than the controls. In the multivariate analysis, only history of diabetes and chronic kidney disease remained independently associated with death in the positive cohort. Seven (0.6%) pregnant women with a negative test died. In bivariate analysis, pregnant patients with a positive test had a higher risk of death than pregnant patients with a negative test (relative risk (RR)=3.87, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.48-10.12), but no higher risk was found than in non-pregnant women with a positive test (RR=0.82, 95% CI=0.44-1.53), and 60-day mortality did not significantly differ among pregnant patients with or without a positive test (hazard ratio (HR)=0.40, 95% CI=0.12-1.30) or between COVID-19-positive patients who were pregnant or not pregnant (HR=0.74, 95% CI=0.35-1.56).
Forecasting the Effectiveness of Interventions to Control the Second Wave of COVID-19 Outbreaks: A Modelling Study in 12 Countries of 6 Regions	Rui,  Jia,  Lin, et al	SSRN- Lancet prepublication	Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique	This study constructs mathematical model, which interventions includes vaccination, pharmacotherapy, isolation, social distancing and mask-wearing , and analyses the effect of these interventions used alone and in combination. For US, Brazil and Algeria, the combination of “Vaccination & Isolation & Wearing mask” is recommended in these countries to prevent and control the development of COVID-19, and the combination of “Isolation & Social distancing & Wearing mask” is recommended in UK and China. For the rest, they suggest that Russia, Iran, Saudi Arabia, India, Thailand and South Africa take a combination of these various intervention measures.
Factors driving availability of COVID-19 convalescent plasma: Insights from a demand, production and supply model	Russell,  WA,  Grebe, et al	medRxiv	Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	This study developed a detailed simulation model of Convalescent Plasma (CCP)  donor recruitment, collection, production and distribution processes.  Changes in collection capacity utilization lagged increases and decreases in COVID-19 hospital discharges, and never exceeded 75% in most simulations. Demand could be met for most of the simulation period in most simulations, but in states with early sharp increases in hospitalizations a substantial portion of demand went unmet during these early peaks. Modeled second wave demand could generally be met with stockpiles established during first epidemic peaks. Apheresis machine capacity (number of machines) and probability that COVID-19 recovered individuals are willing to donate were the most important supply-side drivers of ability to meet demand. Recruitment capacity was important in states with early peaks.
Nonparametric estimation of highest density regions for COVID-19	Saavedra-Nieves,  Paula	arXiv	Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie	In this work, we compare the behavior of classical plug-in methods and a recently proposed hybrid algorithm for highest density regions estimation through an extensive simulation study. Both methodologies are applied to analyze a real data set about COVID-19 cases in the United States.
Early expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells inhibits SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cell response and may predict fatal COVID-19 outcome	Sacchi,  A,  Grassi, et al	Cell Death Dis	Clinical data| Données cliniques Immunology | Immunologie	In this study, we performed an in depth analysis of MDSC in 128 SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. Polymorphonuclear (PMN)-MDSC expanded during COVID-19, in particular in patients who required intensive care treatments, and correlated with IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α plasma levels. PMN-MDSC inhibited T-cells IFN-γ production upon SARS-CoV-2 peptides stimulation, through TGF-β- and iNOS-mediated mechanisms, possibly contrasting virus elimination. Accordingly, a multivariate regression analysis found a strong association between PMN-MDSC percentage and fatal outcome of the disease. The PMN-MDSC frequency was higher in non-survivors than survivors at the admission time, followed by a decreasing trend. Interestingly, this trend was associated with IL-6 increase in non-survivors but not in survivors. In conclusion, this study indicates PMN-MDSC as a novel factor in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV2 infection, and open up to new therapeutic options.
Fernando de Noronha: how an island controlled the community transmission of COVID-19 in Brazil	Sales,  Mozart Julio Tabosa,  Kerr, et al	medRxiv	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	This paper reports the results of the first wave of a cohort study evaluating measures to fight the COVID-19 pandemic in Fernando Noronha (FNA), a small Brazilian archipelago in the Atlantic. A random sample of 904 residents were selected from the health register, interviewed and tested for COVID-19 (RT-PCR and serology). The survey explored socioeconomic variables and adherence to prevention behaviors. Flights were reduced from 38 to once a week, FNA was closed to tourism, schools were closed, and testing and tracing contacts was mandated along with social distancing and use of masks. A household lockdown was briefly imposed for residents. A prevalence of 5.1% was found, and a total of 158 cases of COVID-19 was estimated, although only 28 had been reported in routine surveillance. Half of the population reported food insecurity and applied for government COVID-19 benefits. Adherence to control measures was high, except for intrahousehold mask use with family and friends.
SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and detection fraction in Utah urban populations from a probability-based sample	Samore,  Matthew,  Looney, et al	medRxiv	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Immunology | Immunologie	This project's aim was to generate an unbiased estimate of the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in four urban counties in Utah. Between May 4 and June 30, 2020, surveys were completed and sera drawn from 8,108 individuals belonging to 5,125 households.  The overall prevalence of IgG antibody to SARS-CoV-2 was estimated at 0.8%. The estimated seroprevalence-to-case count ratio was 2.4, corresponding to a detection fraction of 42%. Only 0.2% of individuals who had a nasopharyngeal swab collected were reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) positive. The prevalence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in Utah urban areas between May and June was low and the prevalence of positive RT-PCR even lower. The detection fraction for COVID-19 in Utah was comparatively high.
PMC7577259; A less objectionable greed? Work-life conflict and unjust pay during a pandemic	Schieman,  S,  Narisada, et al	Res Soc Stratif Mobil	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	authors investigate whether the social and economic changes associated with the coronavirus pandemic 2019 (COVID-19) modify the relationship between work-life-conflict (WLC) and perceptions of unjust pay. We observe that the strong positive association between WLC and unjustly low pay decreased overall in the population—but the strength and direction of that association differed significantly across several dimensions of social stratification. Specifically, we found a weaker relationship among visible minorities, younger workers, and individuals with lower socioeconomic status. We interpret these patterns as suggesting that—at least among more vulnerable groups—the “greed” represented in the process of work interfering with non-work was unevenly experienced during peak period of the COVID-19 pandemic.
The Liver in COVID-19-Related Death: Protagonist or Innocent Bystander?	Schmit,  G,  Lelotte, et al	Pathobiology	Clinical data| Données cliniques	We performed 14 complete autopsies of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. to study the effect of COVID-19 on the liver. Macroscopically, livers were pale and yellowish in 8 of 14 (57%) patients, and had a nutmeg appearance in the other 6 cases (42%).  Histologically, centrolobular necrosis was observed in 12 cases (86%), and was associated with discreet to moderate lobular or portal inflammation. Steatosis was seen in 8 cases (57%), but fibrosis was rare. Cholestasis and discrete bile duct proliferation was observed in 5 cases (36%). The main histological changes can be explained by the hypoxic status as a result of severe hypoxemic pneumonia leading to death. Drug toxicity may also play a role in certain cases.
Abnormal liver tests in admitted patients with SARS-Cov-2 or other respiratory viruses- prognostic similarities and temporal disparities	Shafran,  Noa,  Issachar, et al	medRxiv	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	We aimed to compare the pattern of abnormal liver tests in SARS-CoV-2 patients with those of patients infected with influenza or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), two non-hepatotropic respiratory viruses, and their association with in-hospital mechanical ventilation or death. A retrospective cohort study of 1271 hospitalized patients (872 influenza, 218 RSV, and 181 SARS-Cov-2) in a tertiary medical center. Abnormal liver tests were mild-moderate in the majority of patients regardless of infection type but the majority of patients with influenza or RSV had a transaminases peak earlier during hospitalization compared to patients with SARS-Cov-2. Abnormal liver tests correlated with markers of severe disease across all types of infections, and were associated with mechanical ventilation or death, occurring mainly in patients with severe liver tests abnormalities (>200IU/L) (27.2%, 39.4% and 55.6% of patients with influenza, RSV or SARS-Cov-2).
Finding the real COVID-19 case-fatality rates for SAARC countries	Shah,  Md Rafil Tazir,  Ahammed, et al	medRxiv	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie	This study estimated both survival interval and underreporting adjusted case fatality rate (CFR) of COVID-19 for the  South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) countries and observed the CFR changes due to the imposition of fees on COVID-19 tests in Bangladesh. Afghanistan had the highest CFR, followed by Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Maldives, and Sri Lanka. The estimated crude CFR varied from 3.71% to 0.29%, survival interval adjusted CFR varied from 3.77% to 0.3% and further underreporting adjusted CFR varied from 1.1% to 0.08%. Also found that crude CFR increased from 1.261% to 1.572% after imposing the COVID-19 test fees in Bangladesh.
Prevalence, Psychological Responses and Associated Correlates of Depression, Anxiety and Stress in a Global Population, During the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic	Shah,  SMA,  Mohammad, et al	Community Ment Health J	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	This paper evaluates the prevalence, psychological responses, and associated correlates of depression, anxiety, and stress in a global population during the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic. A cross-sectional study design was adopted.   50.9% of participants showed traits of anxiety, 57.4% showed signs of stress, and 58.6% exhibited depression. Stress, anxiety, and depression are overwhelmingly prevalent across the globe during this COVID-19 pandemic, and multiple factors can influence the rates of these mental health conditions. Our factorial analysis showed notable associations and manifestations of stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. People aged 18–24, females, and people in non-marital relationships experienced stress, anxiety, and depression. Separated individuals experienced stress and anxiety. Married people experienced anxiety. Single and divorced people experienced depression. Unemployed individuals experienced stress and depression. Students experienced anxiety and depression. Canada, the UK, and Pakistan are all countries that are experiencing stress and depression as a whole. An extended number of days in quarantine was associated with increased stress, anxiety, and depression. Family presence yielded lower levels of stress, anxiety, and depression. Lastly, lack of exercise was associated with increased stress, anxiety, and depression.
PMC7568231 (available upon request from the corresponding author) and declares no conflicts of interest; SARS-CoV-2-related pneumonia cases in pneumonia picture in Russia in March-May 2020: Secondary bacterial pneumonia and viral co-infections	Sharov,  KS	J Glob Health	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	This paper presents the results of investigating statistics on SARS-CoV-2-related pneumonias in Russia: percentage, mortality, cases with other viral agents, cases accompanied by secondary bacterial pneumonias, age breakdown, clinical course and outcome. We studied two sampling sets; set 1 consisted of results of testing 3382 assays of out-patients and hospital patients (5-88 years old) with community-acquired and hospital-acquired pneumonia of yet undetermined aetiology. Set 2 contained results of 1204 assays of hospital patients (12-94 years old) with pneumonia and COVID-19 already diagnosed by molecular biological techniques in test laboratories. n Set 1, 4.35% of total pneumonia cases were related to SARS-CoV-2, with substantially larger proportion (18.75%) of deaths of pneumonia with COVID-19 diagnosed. However, studying Set 2, we revealed that 52.82% patients in it were also positive for different typical and atypical aetiological agents usually causing pneumonia. SARS-CoV-2, a low-pathogenic virus itself, becomes exceptionally dangerous if secondary bacterial pneumonia attacks a COVID-19 patient as a complication.
COVID-19 Impacts and Responses: The Role of the National Governments and International Organizations	Shayegh,  Soheil,  Crippa, et al	SSRN- Lancet prepublication	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	We report the results of an international survey of 856 respondents from 55 countries which was conducted between late March and mid-April 2020, on the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and the social protection policies on people’s lives and livelihood, their perception of the effectiveness of such policies, and their concerns in the context of other global challenges. Our findings indicate that most people believe that their national government is more responsible than international organizations in (mis-)handling of the pandemic crisis. Subsequently, in most countries the approval rating of the WHO’s performance is higher than the national government.  We also find that climate change, public health, and education are at the top of the list of the concerns shared by the survey participants.
Effects of New York's Executive Order on Face Mask Use on COVID-19 Infections and Mortality: A Modeling Study	Shen,  Mingwang,  Zu, et al	medRxiv	Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique	A dynamic compartmental model of COVID-19 transmission among NYC residents was developed to assess the effect of the Executive Order on face mask use on infections and deaths due to COVID-19 in NYC. The Executive Order on face mask use is estimated to avert 99,517 (95% CIs: 72,723-126,312) COVID-19 infections and 7,978 (5,692-10,265) deaths in NYC. If the Executive Order was implemented one week earlier (on April 10), the averted infections and deaths would be 111,475 (81,593-141,356) and 9,017 (6,446-11,589), respectively. If the Executive Order was implemented two weeks earlier (on April 3 when the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommended face mask use), the averted infections and deaths would be 128,598 (94,373-162,824) and 10,515 (7,540-13,489), respectively.
Intention to have the seasonal influenza vaccination during the COVID-19 pandemic among eligible adults in the UK	Sherman,  Susan Mary,  Sim, et al	medRxiv	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	We investigated likelihood of having the seasonal influenza vaccination in 645 participants who were eligible for the vaccination in the UK. 55.8% indicated they were likely to have the vaccination. Previous research suggests that increasing uptake of the influenza vaccination may help contain a COVID-19 outbreak, so steps need to be taken to convert intention into behaviour and to reach the 23.9% who were unlikely to have the vaccination and the 20.3% who were unsure.
A Case Report of Prolonged COVID-19 Positive RT-PCR for five months	Siami,  Zeinab,  Soleimani, et al	Research Square prepub	Clinical data| Données cliniques	In this study, we have presented a 56-year-old Persian male patient, a known case of lymphoma since 2015, who experiences many episodes of chemotherapy with a five-month positive RT-PCR COViD-19 laboratory test and finally was intubated and then died of opportunistic pulmonary infections.
A booster dose enhances immunogenicity of the COVID-19 vaccine candidate ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 in aged mice	Silva-Cayetano,  Alyssa,  Foster, et al	bioRxiv	Vaccine Research| Recherche sur les vaccins Animal model | Modèle animal	Age is one of the most significant risk factors for poor health outcomes after SARS-CoV-2 infection, therefore it is desirable that any new vaccine candidates should elicit a robust immune response in older adults. Here, we test the immunogenicity of the adenoviral vectored vaccine ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD-1222) in aged mice. We find that a single dose of this vaccine induces cellular and humoral immunity in aged mice, but at a reduced magnitude than in younger adult mice. Furthermore, we report that a second dose enhances the immune response to this vaccine in aged mice, indicating that a prime-boost strategy may be a rational approach to enhance immunogenicity in older persons.
Evaluation of a Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS) adjusted for COVID-19 patients (CEWS) to identify risk of ICU admission or death	Smid,  Linda,  Osman, et al	medRxiv	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	The commonly used Modified Early Warning score (MEWS) may poorly predict deterioration in COVID-19 patients. Therefore, an adjusted MEWS for COVID-19 patients (CEWS) was constructed. All adult (≥18 years old) patients consecutively admitted with a proven COVID-19 infection from March 18th to April 30th 2020, were considered eligible for this study. CEWS exceeded MEWS at all time points and impending death or intensive care unit (ICU) admission was strongly correlated with a persistently high CEWS.
Causes of death in mental health service users during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic: South London and Maudsley data from March to June 2020, compared with 2015-2019	Stewart,  Robert,  Jewell, et al	medRxiv	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie	Taking advantage of a large mental healthcare database linked to death registrations, this study describes numbers of deaths within specific underlying-cause-of-death groups for the period from 1st March to 30th June in 2020 and compare these with the same four-month periods in 2015-2019. In past and current service users, there were 2561 deaths in March-June 2020, compared to an average of 1452 for the same months in 2015-19: an excess of 1109. The 708 deaths with COVID-19 as the underlying cause in 2020 accounted for 63.8% of that excess. The remaining excess was accounted for by unnatural/unexplained deaths and by deaths recorded as due to neurodegenerative conditions, with no excess in those attributed to cancer, circulatory disorders, digestive disorders, respiratory disorders, or other disease codes. Of 295 unexplained deaths in 2020 with missing data on cause, 162 (54.9%) were awaiting a formal death notice (i.e. the group that included deaths awaiting a coroner inquest), an excess of 129 compared to the average of previous years, accounting for 11.6% of the excess in total deaths.
COVID -19: could green tea catechins reduce the risks?	Storozhuk,  Maksim	medRxiv	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Therapeutics| Thérapeutique	The aim of this study was to assess whether countries with higher per/capita green tea consumption would be less affected by COVID-19. Evidence supporting the idea that green tea constituents could reduce overall risks related to COVID-19 has been obtained.
Decline in mortality among hospitalised covid-19 patients in Sweden: a nationwide observational study	Stralin,  Kristoffer,  Wahlstrom, et al	medRxiv	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	The aim of this study was to describe the dynamics of mortality among patients hospitalised for covid-19 in a nationwide study. DESIGN Nationwide observational cohort study of all patients hospitalised in Sweden 1 March to 30 June 2020 with SARS-CoV-2 RNA positivity 14 days before to 5 days after admission, and a discharge code for covid-19. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Outcome was 60-day all-cause mortality. RESULTS The overall 60-day mortality was 17.8%, and it decreased from 24.7%  in March to 13.3% in June. Corresponding RR for patients not admitted to ICU and those admitted to ICU were 0.60  and 0.61,  respectively. The proportion of patients admitted to ICU decreased from 19.5%  in the March cohort to 11.0% in the June cohort.
The Activin/Follistatin-axis is severely deregulated in COVID-19 and independently associated with in-hospital mortality	Synolaki,  Evgenia,  Papadopoulos, et al	medRxiv	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	Methods: Levels of Activin-A, Activin-B and Follistatin, were retrospectively analyzed in totally 574 serum samples from 263 COVID-19 hospitalized patients from three independent centers, and compared with common demographic, clinical and laboratory parameters. Optimal-scaling with ridge-regression was used to screen variables and establish a prediction model. Results: The Activin/Follistatin-axis was significantly deregulated during the course of COVID-19, correlated with severity and independently associated with in-hospital mortality. FACT-CLINYCoD, a novel disease scoring system, adding one point for each of Follistatin>6235 pg/ml, Activin-A>591 pg/ml, Activin-B>249 pg/ml, CRP>10.3 mg/dL, LDH>427 U/L, Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission, Neutrophil/Lymphocyte-Ratio>5.6, Years of Age>61, Comorbidities>1 and D-dimers>1097 ng/ml, efficiently predicted and monitored fatal outcome in an initial cohort.
Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia in a 30-Year-Old Woman in the 36th Week of Pregnancy Treated with Postpartum Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation	Takayama,  W,  Endo, et al	Am J Case Rep	Clinical data| Données cliniques	We report a case of severe COVID-19 pneumonia in a pregnant woman urgently treated with ECMO in the postpartum period. Thus, this case highlights the importance of close monitoring and appropriate medical care for pregnant women with severe COVID-19 pneumonia.
Covert Subclinical Neurocognitive Sequelae during the Rehabilitation Course of Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Case Report	Tay,  MRJ,  Low, et al	Am J Phys Med Rehabil	Clinical data| Données cliniques	We report the rehabilitative course of a middle-aged male patient with severe COVID-19 who required intensive care and mechanical ventilation. During post-acute inpatient rehabilitation for severe ICU-related weakness, an abnormal cognitive screen prompted brain MRI imaging which revealed destructive leukoencephalopathy. Subsequently, detailed psychometric evaluation revealed significant impairments in the domains of processing speed and executive function. After 40 days of intensive inpatient rehabilitation, he was discharged home with independent function.
Detection and Segmentation of Lesion Areas in Chest CT Scans For The Prediction of COVID-19	Ter-Sarkisov,  Aram	medRxiv	Clinical data| Données cliniques Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes	In this paper we compare the models for the detection and segmentation of Ground Glass Opacity and Consolidation in chest CT scans. We train a Mask R-CNN model to segment these areas with high accuracy using three approaches: merging masks for these lesions into one, deleting the mask for Consolidation, and using both masks separately. The classification model, COVID-CT-Mask-Net, which learns to predict the presence of COVID-19 vs common pneumonia vs control, achieves the 93.88% COVID-19 sensitivity, 95.64% overall accuracy, 95.06% common pneumonia sensitivity and 96.91% true negative rate on the COVIDx-CT.
Standard blood laboratory results in SARS-CoV-19 positive patients: do they show a typical pattern?	Thell,  Rainer,  Zimmermann, et al	medRxiv	Clinical data| Données cliniques	We evaluated standard blood laboratory parameters of 655 patients suspected to be infected with SARS-CoV-2, who underwent PCR testing in one of five hospitals in Vienna, Austria. We compared standard blood laboratory parameters, clinical characteristics, and outcomes between positive and negative PCR-tested patients and evaluated the ability of those parameters to distinguish between groups. Of the 590 study patients including 276 females and 314 males, aged between 20 and 100 years, 208 were tested positive by means of PCR. Patients with positive compared to negative PCR-tests had significantly lower levels of leukocytes, basophils, eosinophils, monocytes, and thrombocytes; while significantly higher levels were detected with hemoglobin, C-reactive-protein (CRP), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), activated-partial-thromboplastin-time (aPTT), creatine-kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alanine-aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate-aminotransferase (AST), and lipase. Our multivariate model correctly classified 83.9% of cases with a sensitivity of 78.4%, specificity of 87.3%, positive predictive value of 79.5%, and negative predictive value of 86.6%. Decreasing leucocytes and eosinophils and increasing hemoglobin and CRP were significantly associated with an increased likelihood of being COVID-19 positive tested.
Estimating the Case Fatality Ratio for COVID-19 using a Time-Shifted Distribution Analysis	Thomas,  BronwynS,  Marks, et al	medRxiv	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie	We present a simple method for calculating the case fatality ratio CFR) using only public case and death data over time by exploiting the correspondence between the time distributions of cases and deaths.  The usefulness of time-shifted distribution (TSD) in characterizing a new disease as well as the state of the health and reporting systems is discussed.
COVID-19 associated arterial ischaemic stroke and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: a case report	Tiwari,  Lokesh,  Shekhar, et al	The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health	Clinical data| Données cliniques	A 9-year-old girl was admitted to the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) with a history of high-grade fever for 14 days, throbbing frontal headache, vomiting, and progressive weakness on the right side of her body for 5 days. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA was detected on nasopharyngeal swab by RT-PCR on presentation.
Epidemic Dynamics via Wavelet Theory and Machine Learning, with Applications to Covid-19	Tô,  Tat Dat,  Protin, et al	arXiv	Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie	We present a novel method for modelling epidemic dynamics by a model selection method using wavelet theory and, for its applications, machine learning based curve fitting techniques. We apply our method by modelling and forecasting the spread of the current Covid-19 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic in France, Germany, Italy and the Czech Republic, as well as in the US federal states New York and Florida.
Corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients requiring oxygen support? Yes, but not for everyone: Effect of corticosteroids on mortality and Intensive Care Unit admission in patients with COVID-19 according to patients' oxygen requirements	Tortajada,  C,  Colomer, et al	J Med Virol	Clinical data| Données cliniques Therapeutics| Thérapeutique	This study assessed the response of COVID-19 patients using Corticsteroids. This retrospective cohort study included COVID-19 patients with oxygen saturation (SatO2) in room air 0.40, the HR for death or ICU admission, between corticosteroids and non-corticosteroids group, was 0.07 (95% CI 0.01-0.4), p= 0.002, and for patients requiring low-flow oxygen the HR was 070 (95% CI 0.13-3.8), p= 0.68. Significant differences were also observed when all patients were analyzed together. A significant reduction in mortality and ICU admission frequency was observed among patients requiring high-flow oxygen or NIV, but not among those requiring low-flow oxygen.
PMC7567433 www.icmje.org/coi_disclosure.pdf (available upon request from the corresponding author), and declare no conflicts of interest; Rapid response to the COVID-19 pandemic: Vietnam government's experience and preliminary success	Tran,  TPT,  Le, et al	J Glob Health	Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique	In this study, we aim to give insights into the Vietnamese government's progress during the first three months of the outbreak. The data on the number of COVID-19 confirmed and recovered cases in Vietnam was obtained from the Dashboard for COVID-19 statistics of the Ministry of Health (https://ncov.vncdc.gov.vn/). All data was updated as of 24 April 2020. Preliminary positive results have been achieved given that the nation confirmed no new community-transmitted cases since 16 April and zero COVID-19 - related deaths throughout the 3-month pandemic period.  To date, the pandemic has been successfully controlled thanks to the Vietnamese government's prompt, proactive and decisive responses including mobilization of the health care systems, security forces, economic policies, along with a creative and effective communication campaign corresponding with crucial milestones of the epidemic's progression. Vietnam could be one of the role models in pandemic control for low-resource settings.
Characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized adult COVID-19 patients in Georgia	Tsertsvadze,  Tengiz,  Ezugbaia, et al	medRxiv	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	This retrospective study included 582 adult patients admitted to 9 dedicated COVID-19 hospitals in Georgia as of July 30, 2020 (72% of all hospitalizations). Among 582 adults included in this analysis 14.9% were 65+ years old, 49.1% were women, 59.3% had uni- or bi-lateral lung involvement on chest computed tomography, 27.1% had any co-morbidity, 13.2% patients had lymphopenia, 4.1% had neutophilosis, 4.8% had low platelet count, 37.6% had d-dimer levels of >0.5 mcg/l. Overall mortality was 2.1% (12/582). After excluding mild infections, mortality among patients with moderate-to-critical disease was 3.0% (12/399), while among patients with severe-to-critical disease mortality was 12.7% (8/63).
Assessment of boron-containing compounds and oleoylethanolamide supplementation on the recovery trend in patients with COVID-19: A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial	Tutunchi,  H,  Mobasseri, et al	Trials	RCT	In this protocol we outline our investigation of the effect of boron-containing compounds and oleoylethanolamide supplementation on the recovery trend in patients with COVID-19. The current study is a single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial with parallel groups.
Apps Against the Spread: Privacy Implications and User Acceptance of COVID-19-Related Smartphone Apps on Three Continents	Utz,  Christine,  Becker, et al	arXiv	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	We conducted a representative online study in Germany (n = 1,003), the US (n = 1,003), and China (n = 1,019) to investigate user acceptance of corona apps, using a vignette design based on the contextual integrity framework. We explored apps for contact tracing, symptom checks, quarantine enforcement, health certificates, and mere information. Our results provide insights into data processing practices that foster adoption and reveal significant differences between countries, with user acceptance being highest in China and lowest in the US.
Detecting COVID-19 infection hotspots in England using large-scale self-reported data from a mobile application	Varsavsky,  Thomas,  Graham, et al	medRxiv	Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	We performed modelling on longitudinal, self-reported data from users of the COVID Symptom Study app in England between 24 March and 29 September, 2020.  the results suggest that Self-reported data from mobile applications can provide a cost-effective and agile resource to inform a fast-moving pandemic, serving as an independent and complementary resource to more traditional instruments for disease surveillance.
Global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cytopathology practice: Results from an international survey of laboratories in 23 countries	Vigliar,  E,  Cepurnaite, et al	Cancer Cytopathol	Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on cytopathology practices from around the world. In the current study, data from 41 respondents from 23 countries were reported. Overall, the sample volume was lower compared with 2019 (104,319 samples vs 190,225 samples), with an average volume reduction of 45.3% (range, 0.1%‐98.0%). An overall increase of 5.56% (95% CI, 3.77%‐7.35%) in the malignancy rate in nongynecological samples during the COVID‐19 pandemic was observed. When the suspicious category was included, the overall increase was 6.95% (95% CI, 4.63%‐9.27%).
Serologic SARS-CoV-2 testing in healthcare workers with positive RT-PCR test or Covid-19 related symptoms	Visci,  Giovanni,  Lodi, et al	medRxiv	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Immunology | Immunologie	We analyzed the results of serologic testing among 544 HCWs with at least one positive RT-PCR test and 157 HCWs with Covid-19 related symptoms without a positive RT-PCR test from public hospitals in Bologna, Northern Italy between March and August 2020. Our study provides the best available data on sensitivity of serologic tests and on determinants of serologic response among HCWs positive for SARS-CoV-2, and provide evidence on the low specificity of Covid-19 related symptoms to identify infected HCWs.
Challenges for non-technical implementation of digital proximity tracing: early experiences from Switzerland	von Wyl,  Viktor	medRxiv	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	This study used media articles published during the first three months after the launch of a digital proximity tracing (DPT) app in Switzerland to describe non-technical implementation challenges reported by different stakeholders and to map these reports to the four constructs of normalization process theory (NPT), a framework to develop and evaluate complex digital health interventions. Out of 94 articles deemed pertinent and selected for closer inspection, 38 provided unique information on implementation challenges. These challenges included unclear DPT benefits, which affected commitment and raised fears among different health system actors regarding resource competition with established pandemic mitigation measures. Moreover, media reports indicated process interface challenges such as delays or unclear responsibilities in the notification cascade, as well as misunderstandings and unmet communication needs from certain health system actors. Finally, some reports suggested misaligned incentives, not only for app usage by the public but also for process engagement by other actors in the app notification cascade.
Viral load in community SARS-CoV-2 cases varies widely and temporally	Walker,  Ann Sarah,  Pritchard, et al	medRxiv	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie	Included all positive nose and throat swabs between 26 April-11 October 2020 from the UK national COVID-19 Infection Survey. Community SARS-CoV-2 infections show marked variation in viral load. Incorporating pre-test probability and Ct values, higher evidence positives had higher Ct values (p<0.0001) in the summer suggesting lower viral burden.  Declines in mean/median Ct values were apparent throughout August and preceded increases in positivity rates. Cycle threshold (Ct) values could be a useful epidemiological early-warning indicator.
Examining Deep Learning Models with Multiple Data Sources for COVID-19 Forecasting	Wang,  Lijing,  Adiga, et al	arXiv	Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie	Here we focus on the design and analysis of deep learning-based models for COVID-19 forecasting. We implement multiple recurrent neural network-based deep learning models and combine them using the stacking ensemble technique. The results show that simple deep learning models can achieve comparable or better performance when compared with more complicated models.
Comparing Chinese and US practitioners' attitudes towards teletherapy during the COVID-19 pandemic	Wang,  X,  Gordon, et al	Asia Pac Psychiatry	Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	We predicted that CAPA practitioners as compared to US psychoanalytic practitioners would be more prepared for teletherapy services during the pandemic, since they their training and treatment had been on-line. METHOD: We compared survey results from 164 CAPA practitioners with 165 US psychoanalytic practitioners (matched for age) who had recently psychoanalytically treated a patient on-line. RESULTS: CAPA practitioners as compared to US psychoanalytic practitioners had more positive opinions about teletherapy before the pandemic; had more positive opinions about teletherapy during the pandemic; and had more positive opinions about the effectiveness of teletherapy in working with transference, relational issues and resistance. The CAPA practitioners were more prepared to do psychoanalytic psychotherapy during the pandemic than the US psychoanalytic practitioners.
Hospitalised COVID-19 patients of the Mount Sinai Health System: a retrospective observational study using the electronic medical records	Wang,  Z,  Zheutlin, et al	BMJ Open	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	The objective of this retrospective observational study was to assess association of clinical features on COVID-19 patient outcomes at five member hospitals  from the Mount Sinai Health System in New York City (NYC). Results indicate While race was associated with higher risk of infection, we did not find racial disparities in inpatient mortality suggesting that outcomes in a single tertiary care health system are comparable across races. Significant risk factors for mortality included age (HR 1.05, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.06; p=1.15e-32), oxygen saturation (HR 0.985, 95% CI 0.982 to 0.988; p=1.57e-17), care in intensive care unit areas (HR 1.58, 95% CI 1.29 to 1.92; p=7.81e-6) and elevated creatinine (HR 1.75, 95% CI 1.47 to 2.10; p=7.48e-10), white cell count (HR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.04; p=8.4e-3) and body mass index (BMI) (HR 1.02, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.03; p=1.09e-2). Deceased patients were more likely to have elevated markers of inflammation.
Declining prevalence of antibody positivity to SARS-CoV-2: a community study of 365,000 adults	Ward,  Helen,  Cooke, et al	medRxiv	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Immunology | Immunologie	Methods Prevalence of antibody positivity in England, UK (REACT2) with three cross-sectional surveys between late June and September 2020. 365104 adults used a self-administered lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) test for IgG. Results There were 17,576 positive tests over the three rounds. Antibody prevalence, adjusted for test characteristics and weighted to the adult population of England, declined from 6.0%, to 4.8% and 4.4%, a fall of 26.5% over the three months of the study. There was a decline between rounds 1 and 3 in all age groups, with the highest prevalence of a positive result and smallest overall decline in positivity in the youngest age group (18-24 years), and lowest prevalence and largest decline in the oldest group (75+); there was no change in antibody positivity between rounds 1 and 3 in healthcare workers .
A methodological blueprint to identify COVID-19 vulnerable locales by socioeconomic factors, developed using South Korean data	Weinstein,  Bayarmagnai,  da Silva, et al	medRxiv	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie	Principal component analysis created composite indexes for each SES factor, while Geographically Weighted Negative Binomial Regressions mapped a continuous surface of COVID-19 risk for South Korea. High area morbidity, risky health behaviors, crowding, and population mobility elevated area risk for COVID-19, while improved social distancing, healthcare access, and education decreased it. Our results indicated that falling SES-related COVID-19 risks and spatial shift patterns over three consecutive time periods reflected the implementation of reportedly effective public health interventions.
Inconsistent with the intent of public health strategies on incidence and fatality in states with extra mandatory stay-at-home and face masks orders during COVID-19 pandemic in the US	Wu,  Xin,  Wu, et al	medRxiv	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique	The purpose of this study was to characterize the relationship between stay at home (SAH) and mandatory face mask (MFM) approaches in Texas with the incidence and fatality.  When normalized to population density, beside higher case fatality ratio in no-SAH+no-MFM, there were no significant differences in total positive cases, average daily new cases and average daily fatality among the 3 groups during the pandemic periods.  Overall, our results were inconsistent with the intent of public health strategies of SAH and MFM in lowering transmission and fatality.
Differences in how interventions coupled with effective reproduction numbers account for marked variations in COVID-19 epidemic outcomes	Xia,  F,  Xiao, et al	Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering	Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique	On the basis of the daily number of confirmed local (imported) cases and onset-to-confirmation distributions for local cases, we initially estimated the daily number of local (imported) illness onsets by a deconvolution method for mainland China, South Korea, Japan and Spain, and then estimated the effective reproduction numbers Rt by using a Bayesian method for each of the four countries. China and South Korea adopted a strict SARS LCS, to completely block the spread via lockdown, strict travel restrictions and by detection and isolation of patients, which led to persistent declines in effective reproduction numbers. In contrast, Japan and Spain adopted a typical PAIN LMS to mitigate the spread via maintaining social distance, self-quarantine and isolation etc., which reduced the Rt values but with oscillations around 1.
SARS-CoV-2 viroporin triggers the NLRP3 inflammatory pathway	Xu,  Huanzhou,  Chitre, et al	bioRxiv	Coronavirology| Coronavirologie	We report that the SARS-CoV-2 viroporin encoded by ORF3a activates the NLRP3 inflammasome, the most promiscuous of known inflammasomes. ORF3a triggers IL-1 beta expression via NFkB, thus priming the inflammasome while also activating it via ASC-dependent and -independent modes. ORF3a-mediated inflammasome activation requires efflux of potassium ions and oligomerization between NEK7 and NLRP3. With the selective NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 able to block ORF3a-mediated inflammasome activation and key ORF3a residues needed for virus release and inflammasome activation conserved in SARS-CoV-2 isolates across continents, ORF3a and NLRP3 present prime targets for intervention.
Cathepsin L plays a key role in SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans and humanized mice and is a promising target for new drug development	Yang,  Jin-Kui,  Zhao, et al	medRxiv	Clinical data| Données cliniques Therapeutics| Thérapeutique Animal model | Modèle animal	Cathepsin L (CTSL)overexpression enhanced pseudovirus infection in human cells. Amantadine, a licensed anti-influenza drug, significantly inhibited CTSL activity after SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus infection and prevented infection both in vitro and in human ACE2 transgenic mice.  Suggests that CTSL is a promising target for anti-COVID drug development
SARS-Cov-2 trajectory predictions and scenario simulations from a global perspective: a modelling study	Yang,  T,  Liu, et al	Sci Rep	Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique	we combine both human mobility and non-pharmaceutical interventions (social-distancing and suspected-cases isolation) into SEIR transmission model to understand how coronavirus transmits in a global environment. Dynamic trends of region-specific time-variant reproduction number, social-distancing rate, work-resumption rate, and suspected-cases isolation rate have been estimated and plotted for each region by fitting stochastic transmission processes to the real total confirmed cases reported of each region. We find after shutdown in Wuhan, the reproduction number in Wuhan greatly declined from 6·982 (95% CI 2·558-14·668) on January 23rd, 2020 to 1.130 (95% CI 0.289-3.279) on February 7th, 2020, and there was a higher intervention level in terms of social-distancing and suspected-cases isolation in Wuhan than the Chinese average and Western average, for the period from the shutdown in Wuhan to mid-March. Future epidemic trajectories of Western countries up to October 10th, 2020, have been predicted with 95% confidence intervals. Through the scenario simulation, we discover the benefits of earlier international travel ban and rigorous intervention strategies, and the significance of non-pharmaceutical interventions.
Comparison of VEGF-A Values between Pregnant Women with COVID-19 and Healthy Pregnancies and Its Association with Composite Adverse Outcomes	Yazihan,  N,  Tanacan, et al	J Med Virol	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	To compare VEGF-A values between pregnant women with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and healthy controls. This prospective case-control study was conducted on pregnant women who were admitted to Ankara City Hospital between 14 June 2020 and 28 August 2020. Pregnant women with COVID-19 (n=95) were compared with a control group of healthy pregnant women (n=92) with similar clinical and demographic characteristics. Two groups were similar except for obstetric complications (p>0.05). Obstetric complication rate was higher in the COVID-19 group (p=0.02). Two groups were comparable in terms of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and VEGF-A values. VEGF-A values were slightly different between the trimesters. A negative moderate statistically significant correlation was found between the neutrophil and VEGF-A values (r=-0.231, p=0.02).VEGF-A values were similar between patients with and without composite adverse outcomes (p>0.05).
Saliva is a promising alternative specimen for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in children and adults	Yee,  Rebecca,  Truong, et al	medRxiv	Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes Public Health Priorities| Priorités de santé publique	We prospectively collected paired NPS and saliva samples from a total of 300 unique adult and pediatric patients in Los Angeles. The overall positive percent agreement for adults were 83.3% and 90.7% for saliva and nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS), respectively, with saliva detecting 4 cases less than NPS. However, saliva performance in symptomatic adults was identical to NPS (PPA of 93.8%). With lower cost and self-collection capabilities, saliva can be an appropriate alternative sample choice to NPS for detection of SARS-CoV-2 in children and adults
Triple-view Convolutional Neural Networks for COVID-19 Diagnosis with Chest X-ray	Zhang,  Jianjia	arXiv	Clinical data| Données cliniques Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes	This paper proposes triple-view convolutional neural networks for COVID-19 diagnosis with CXR images. Specifically, the proposed networks extract individual features from three views of each CXR image, i.e., the left lung view, the right lung view and the overall view, in three streams and then integrate them for joint diagnosis. The experimental results show that the proposed method achieves state-of-the-art performance, especially in the more challenging three class classification task, and admits wide generality and high flexibility.
The psychological typhoon eye effect during the COVID-19 outbreak in China: the role of coping efficacy and perceived threat	Zhang,  L,  Ma, et al	Global Health	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	The first goal of this study was to examine the robustness of the “Psychological Typhoon Eye” effect during the COVID-19 epidemic: the closer people are to the “center” of the epidemic (i.e., the higher the exposure level), the less serious their mental health problems are. The second goal was to investigate the mechanism of the “Psychological Typhoon Eye” effect. We conducted a survey in 31 provinces of China during 3–13 March 2020 to test the effect of the exposure level on mental health problems (n=2,987). The results showed that the level of exposure to COVID-19 in China was negatively associated with mental health problems, which confirmed the “Psychological Typhoon Eye” effect. Further analyses indicated that both perceived threat and coping efficacy partially mediated the relationship between them.
Development of Multiplexed RT-LAMP for Detection of SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza Viral RNA	Zhang,  Yinhua,  Tanner, et al	medRxiv	Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes	As flu season arrives in the Northern Hemisphere the ability to screen for multiple viral targets will be increasingly important. Here we describe a multiplexing approach to reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (SARS-CoV2, Influenza A, Influenza B and internal control human RNA).
SARS-CoV-2 spike D614G variant confers enhanced replication and transmissibility	Zhou,  Bin,  Thao, et al	bioRxiv	Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Animal model | Modèle animal	Here, we generated isogenic SARS-CoV-2 variants and demonstrate that the S-614G variant has (i) enhanced binding to human ACE2, (ii) increased replication in primary human bronchial and nasal airway epithelial cultures as well as in a novel human ACE2 knock-in mouse model, and (iii) markedly increased replication and transmissibility in hamster and ferret models of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Collectively, our data show that while the S-614G substitution results in subtle increases in binding and replication in vitro, it provides a real competitive advantage in vivo, particularly during the transmission bottle neck, providing an explanation for the global predominance of S-614G variant among the SARS-CoV-2 viruses currently circulating.
Exploiting an early warning Nomogram for predicting the risk of ICU admission in patients with COVID-19: a multi-center study in China	Zhou,  Y,  He, et al	Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med	Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie	We developed and validated a practical model based on the data from a multi-center cohort in China for early identification and prediction of which patients will be admitted to the ICU. Data of 1087 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 were collected from 49 sites between January 2 and February 28, 2020, in Sichuan and Wuhan. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator and logistic regression analyzes were used to develop the nomogram. The performance of the nomogram was evaluated for the C-index, calibration, discrimination, and clinical usefulness. Further, the nomogram was externally validated in a different cohort. The individualized prediction nomogram included 6 predictors: age, respiratory rate, systolic blood pressure, smoking status, fever, and chronic kidney disease. The model demonstrated a high discriminative ability in the training cohort (C-index = 0.829), which was confirmed in the external validation cohort (C-index = 0.776). In addition, the calibration plots confirmed good concordance for predicting the risk of ICU admission. Decision curve analysis revealed that the prediction nomogram was clinically useful.
Post COVID-19 lockdown: measures and practices for dental institutes	Al Kawas,  S,  Al-Rawi, et al	BMC Oral Health	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Recent Advances towards Drug Design Targeting the Protease of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)	Bano,  S,  Hameed, et al	Curr Med Chem	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Favipiravir use for SARS CoV-2 infection	Boretti,  A	Pharmacol Rep	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Artificial Intelligence for COVID-19: Rapid Review	Chen,  J,  See, et al	J Med Internet Res	Review Literature| Revue de littérature	Rapid Review:  search of the PubMed and EMBASE databases for COVID-19-related English-language studies published between December 1, 2019, and March 31, 2020.
A critical review of the safety of minimally invasive surgery in the era of COVID-19	Emile,  SH,  Hamid, et al	Minim Invasive Ther Allied Technol	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
PMC7537649; Transmission routes for SARS-CoV-2 infection: review of evidence	Falahi,  S,  Kenarkoohi, et al	New Microbes New Infect	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and associated factors in health care workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis	Galanis,  PetrosA,  Vraka, et al	medRxiv	Review Literature| Revue de littérature	SR-MA: Databases including PubMed/MEDLINE and pre-print services (medRχiv and bioRχiv) were searched from inception up to August 24, 2020. The seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among HCWs is high. Excellent adherence to infection prevention and control measures, sufficient and adequate personal protective equipment, and early recognition, identification and isolation of HCWs that are infected with SARS-CoV-2 are imperative to decrease the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Potential mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 action on male gonadal function and fertility: Current status and future prospects	Haghpanah,  A,  Masjedi, et al	Andrologia	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Sleep problems during COVID-19 pandemic by population: a systematic review and meta-analysis	Jahrami,  H,  BaHammam, et al	J Clin Sleep Med	Review Literature| Revue de littérature	SR-MA: APA PsycINFO; Cochrane; Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL); EBSCOhost; EMBASE; Google Scholar; MEDLINE; ProQuest Medical; ScienceDirect; Scopus; and Web of Science from 01 November 2019 to 05 July 2020. he prevalence of sleep problems during the COVID-19 pandemic is high and approximately affect 40% of people from the general and healthcare populations. COVID-19 active patients appeared to have higher prevalence rates of sleep problems.
Facing COVID-19: Early Recognition and Triage Tool for Medical Treatment Facilities With Limited Resources	Jänig,  C,  Gurney, et al	Mil Med	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
PMC7567434 (available upon request from the corresponding author), and declare no conflicts of interest; Effects of underlying morbidities on the occurrence of deaths in COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis	Khan,  MMA,  Khan, et al	J Glob Health	Review Literature| Revue de littérature	SR-MA: Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, and CINAHL databases were searched using pre-specified search strategies. This study provides evidence that COVID-19 patients with pre-existing comorbidities had a higher likelihood of death. These findings could potentially help health care providers to sort out the most susceptible COVID-19 patients by comorbidities, take precautionary measures during hospitalization, assess susceptibility to death, and prioritize their treatment, which could potentially reduce the number of fatalities in COVID-19.
COVID-19 in healthcare workers: lessons from SARS and MERS epidemics and perspectives for chemoprophylaxis and vaccines	Labetoulle,  R,  Detoc, et al	Expert Rev Vaccines	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Perspectives for the use of N-acetylcysteine as a candidate drug to treat COVID-19	Luo,  P,  Liu, et al	Mini Rev Med Chem	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Clinical features and physiotherapy management for Covid-19 in children	Magalhães,  PF,  Lanza, et al	Minerva Pediatr	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Clinical spectrum of COVID-19 in the pediatric patient	Márquez-Aguirre,  MP,  Gutiérrez-Hernández, et al	Acta Pediatrica de Mexico	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Outcomes evaluated in controlled clinical trials on the management of COVID-19: A methodological systematic review	Mathioudakis,  AlexanderG,  Fally, et al	medRxiv	Review Literature| Revue de littérature	SR: systematic review describes the outcomes evaluated in 415 RCTs on the management of COVID-19, that were registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, by 5/5/2020.   Outcome measurement instruments are poorly reported and heterogeneous. In general, simple instruments that can control for important sources of bias are favoured. Follow-up does not exceed one month in 64.3% of these earlier trials, and long-term COVID-19 burden is rarely assessed.
Pandemic impacts on healthcare utilisation: a systematic review	Moynihan,  Ray,  Sanders, et al	medRxiv	Review Literature| Revue de littérature	SR:  PubMed, Embase, Cochrane COVID-19 Study Register, and pre-prints were searched, without language restrictions, until August 10.  Healthcare utilisation decreased by about a third during the pandemic, with considerable variation, and with greater reductions among people with less severe illness. While addressing unmet need remains a priority, studies of health impacts of reductions may help health-systems prioritise higher-value care in the post-pandemic recovery.
PMC7567429 (available upon request from the corresponding author), and declares no conflicts of interest; Estimating transportation role in pandemic diffusion in Nigeria: A consideration of 1918-19 influenza and COVID-19 pandemics	Olapoju,  OM	J Glob Health	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
PMC7567430 form (available upon request from the corresponding author), and declare no conflicts of interest; Early epidemiological indicators, outcomes, and interventions of COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review	Patel,  U,  Malik, et al	J Glob Health	Review Literature| Revue de littérature	SR: Systematic review was performed searching PubMed from December 1, 2019, to March 25, 2020. A collective approach undertaken by a responsible government, wise strategy implementation and a receptive population may help contain the spread of COVID-19 outbreak. Close monitoring of predictive models of such indicators in the highly affected countries would help to evaluate the potential fatality if the second wave of pandemic occurs.
PMC7534595; Hydroxychloroquine is effective, and consistently so when provided early, for COVID-19: a systematic review	Prodromos,  C,  Rumschlag, et al	New Microbes New Infect	Review Literature| Revue de littérature	SR: searched PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Google Scholar and Google for all reports on HCQ as a treatment for COVID-19 patients. HCQ was found to be consistently effective against COVID-19 when provided early in the outpatient setting. It was also found to be overall effective in inpatient studies. No unbiased study found worse outcomes with HCQ use. No mortality or serious safety adverse events were found. HCQ is consistently effective against COVID-19 when provided early in the outpatient setting, it is overall effective against COVID-19, it has not produced worsening of disease and it is safe.
PMC7578778; Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) prevention and treatment methods and effective parameters: A systematic literature review	Rahmani,  AM,  Mirmahaleh, et al	Sustain Cities Soc	Review Literature| Revue de littérature	SR: Our experimental results and observations demonstrate the impact of the proposed medical, prevention, detection, prediction, and social methods for facing the spread of COVID-19 from December 2019 to July 2020.
COVID-19: innovative antiviral drugs required for long-term prevention and control of coronavirus diseases	Ratcliffe,  NA,  Castro, et al	Curr Med Chem	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Hypoxia, HIF-1α, and COVID-19: from pathogenic factors to potential therapeutic targets	Serebrovska,  ZO,  Chong, et al	Acta Pharmacol Sin	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Natural Products in Mitigation of SARS CoV Infections	Sharma,  V,  Sharma, et al	Curr Med Chem	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Laboratory Biomarkers in the Management of Patients With COVID-19	Weidmann,  MD,  Ofori, et al	Am J Clin Pathol	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Discharge may not be the end of treatment: pay attention to pulmonary fibrosis caused by severe COVID-19	Zhang,  C,  Wu, et al	J Med Virol	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Stretching and break-up of saliva filaments during speech: A route for pathogen aerosolization and its potential mitigation	Abkarian,  M,  Stone, et al	Physical Review Fluids	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
The Blooming Risks - At Whose Cost?	Adekore,  Olusola Temi	SSRN- Lancet prepublication	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7563088 (available upon request from the corresponding author), and declare no conflicts of interest; A cautionary note on the association between meteorological parameters and COVID-19 pandemic	Adeyemi,  S,  Yakutcan, et al	J Glob Health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7567410 submitted work. The authors completed the ICMJE Unified Competing Interest form (available upon request from the corresponding author), and declare no further conflicts of interest; Earthquake rebuilding and response to COVID-19 in Nepal, a cou	Adhikari,  B,  Ozaki, et al	J Glob Health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
A call to action: commercial tobacco smoking cessation support as a priority for healthcare services during the COVID-19 pandemic	Adhikari,  K,  Scott, et al	Nicotine Tob Res	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7535135 (available upon request from the corresponding author), and declares no conflicts of interest; In the COVID-19 era, let's keep an eye on clinical trials in Africa	Agoro,  R	J Glob Health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
The COVID-19 Pandemic and Ethical Challenges Posed by Neoliberal Healthcare	Ahlbach,  C,  King, et al	J Gen Intern Med	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7566657 from the corresponding author) and declare no conflict of interest; Concerns of HIV-positive migrant workers in COVID-19 pandemic: A call for action	Ahmed,  A,  Dujaili, et al	J Glob Health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7568914 (available upon request from the corresponding author) and declare no competing interest; The myth that Nigerians are immune to SARS-CoV-2 and that COVID-19 is a hoax are putting lives at risk	Aiyewumi,  O,  Okeke, et al	J Glob Health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7533609 (available upon request from the corresponding author), and declare no conflicts of interest; Assessment of the preparedness of the Ugandan health care system to tackle more COVID-19 cases	Ajari,  EE,  Ojilong, et al	J Glob Health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Towards a General Pedagogic Model of Plagues and Pandemics	Akiva Lehrer,  Keith	SSRN- Lancet prepublication	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7565735 (available upon request from the corresponding author), and declare no conflicts of interest; Will Jordan be closer to UHC after the COVID-19 pandemic?	Al-Ajlouni,  R,  Al Rabayah, et al	J Glob Health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7568202 (available upon request from the corresponding author). All authors are funded by the BMGF for the implementation of the COMSA project in Mozambique; National Sample Vital Registration System: A sustainable platform for COVID-19 and other infec	Amouzou,  A,  Kante, et al	J Glob Health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
RAAS Inhibitors and Risk of Covid-19	Angeli,  F,  Verdecchia, et al	N Engl J Med	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
The vital role of health psychology in the response to COVID-19	Arden,  MA,  Byrne-Davis, et al	Br J Health Psychol	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7363361; A Role for Telemedicine in Medical Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic	Aron,  JA,  Bulteel, et al	Acad Med	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
COVID19 in Solid Organ Transplantation: an analysis of the impact on transplant activity and waitlists	Bellini,  MI,  Tortorici, et al	Transpl Int	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Research on high-resolution quantum medical image technology for COVID-19	Bi,  S,  Chen, et al		Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
The UK Government's Vaccine Taskforce: strategy for protecting the UK and the world	Bingham,  Kate	The Lancet	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7417162; Opportunities and challenges for telehealth within, and beyond, a pandemic	Blandford,  A,  Wesson, et al	Lancet Glob Health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Resuming cadaver dissection during a pandemic	Bond,  G,  Franchi, et al	Med Educ Online	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7586361; Correction to: Is diet partly responsible for differences in COVID-19 death rates between and within countries?	Bousquet,  J,  Anto, et al	Clin Transl Allergy	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Melatonin controversies, an update	Boutin,  JA,  Jockers, et al	J Pineal Res	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
The Virtual Match: A New Approach to Celebrating Students During Social Distancing Due to COVID-19	Boysen-Osborn,  M,  Youm, et al	Acad Med	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
COVID-19 vaccine race: analysis of age-dependent immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 indicates that more than just one strategy may be needed	Campillo,  NE,  Jimenez, et al	Curr Med Chem	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Covid-19: French sidelining of patient associations is a global trend	Casassus,  B	Bmj	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7561276 (available upon request from the corresponding author), and declare no conflicts of interest; Mental health and holistic care of migrant workers in Singapore during the COVID-19 pandemic	Chan,  LG,  Kuan, et al	J Glob Health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Interactive Virtual Surgical Education During COVID-19 and Beyond	Chao,  TN,  Frost, et al	Acad Med	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Policies Matter! Factors Contributing to Nursing Home Outbreaks During the COVID-19 Pandemic	Chapman,  S,  Harrington, et al	Policy Polit Nurs Pract	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7563090 (available upon request from the corresponding author), and declare no conflicts of interest; COVID 19 and BAME health care staff: Wrong place at the wrong time	Chaudhry,  FB,  Raza, et al	J Glob Health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7565745 (available upon request from the corresponding author) and declare no conflicts of interest; Clinical nutrition care challenges in low-resource settings during the COVID-19 pandemic: A focus on Malawi	Chimera,  B,  Potani, et al	J Glob Health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7535344 (available upon request from the corresponding author), and declare no conflicts of interest; A combination of COVID-19 and dengue fever in Bangladesh: Preparedness of Bangladesh	Chowdhury,  PB,  Hossain, et al	J Glob Health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7562751 (available upon request from the corresponding author), and declare no conflicts of interest; The collateral damage of the COVID-19 pandemic on surgical health care in sub-Saharan Africa	Chu,  K,  Reddy, et al	J Glob Health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Reopening Schools During COVID-19: School Nurse Ethical Conflicts and Moral Dilemmas	Combe,  LG	NASN Sch Nurse	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7561216 (available upon request from the corresponding author), and declare no conflicts of interest; National COVID-19 lockdown exit strategies need to pay more attention to community engagement and workplace safety	Cresswell,  K,  Dhami, et al	J Glob Health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Preserving equipoise and performing randomized trials for COVID-19 social distancing interventions	Cristea,  IA,  Naudet, et al	Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Getting insights from a large corpus of scientific papers on specialisted comprehensive topics - The case of Covid-19	Dousset,  B,  Mothe, et al		Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Covid-19 and the healthcare professionals of the future	Duignan,  K,  Bradbury, et al	Med Leg J	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Covid-19: Doctors question ethics of treating adults in paediatric ICUs	Dyer,  C	Bmj	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
What Can Be Learned from the Economic Policies of Other Countries in Response to the Coronavirus Epidemic? Lessons from the First Wave	Eckstein,  Zvi,  Bental, et al	SSRN- Lancet prepublication	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7580673; Weaving public health and safety nets to respond the COVID-19 pandemic	Fan,  D,  Li, et al	Saf Sci	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Commentary on: Data-Driven Insights on the Effects of COVID-19 (Parts I and II)	Fiala,  T	Aesthet Surg J	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Mental Health Providers During COVID-19 : Essential to the US Public Health Workforce and in Need of Support	Fish,  JN,  Mittal, et al	Public Health Rep	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7537564 form (available upon request from the corresponding author) and declare no conflicts of interest; SARS-CoV-2 and displaced persons in Afghanistan: A blind spot in epidemic preparedness	Flower,  BC,  MacDonald, et al	J Glob Health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
How to Prepare and Protect Health-Care Teams During COVID-19: Know Thyself	Freeman,  WD,  Karnatovskaia, et al	Neurocrit Care	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Evaluation of the impact of shielding to avoid COVID-19 infection on respiratory symptoms in children with severe asthma	Gajaweera,  H,  Oladele, et al	Arch Dis Child	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7561271 (available upon request from the corresponding author), and declare no conflicts of interest; COVID-19 in Malaysia: Crucial measures in critical times	Ganasegeran,  K,  Ch'ng, et al	J Glob Health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7535133 form (available upon request from the corresponding author), and declare no conflicts of interest; Breaking the cycle of the COVID-19 transmission: A challenge for Nigeria	Garba,  B,  Zakaria, et al	J Glob Health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7506193 (available upon request from the corresponding author), and declare no further conflicts of interest; COVID-19 pandemic: The African paradox	Ghosh,  D,  Bernstein, et al	J Glob Health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7568916 (available upon request from the corresponding author), and declare no conflicts of interest; Zero confirmed cases: The ways we curb COVID-19 in Taiwanese prisons	Goh,  KK,  Lu, et al	J Glob Health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Financial Stability as a Goal of Payment Reform-A Lesson From COVID-19	Gondi,  S,  Chokshi, et al	Jama	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Development of e-service virtual museum tours in Poland during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic	Gutowski,  P,  Klos-Adamkiewicz, et al		Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Who should be prioritised for COVID-19 vaccines?	Hassan-Smith,  Zaki,  Hanif, et al	The Lancet	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
How do we respond to COVID-19 pandemic with rapid rescue plan for ALF/ACLF patients by living-donor liver transplantation?	He,  K,  Qian, et al	J Dig Dis	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Evaluating the industrial hygiene, toxicology, and public health aspects of COVID-19	Hollins,  D,  Kiorpes, et al	Toxicol Ind Health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7535346 (available upon request from the corresponding author), and declare no conflicts of interest; Regularizing daily routines for mental health during and after the COVID-19 pandemic	Hou,  WK,  Lai, et al	J Glob Health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
33040042; Late presentation of â € Lemierre's syndrome': How a delay in seeking healthcare and reduced access to routine services resulted in widely disseminated Fusobacterium necrophorum infection during the global COVID-19 pandemic	Howley,  F,  Odoherty, et al	BMJ Case Reports	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
RAAS Inhibitors and Risk of Covid-19	Islam,  N,  Khunti, et al	N Engl J Med	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Mental health of forensic odontologists in Covid-19: An Indian perspective	Johnson,  A,  Parekh, et al	Med Leg J	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7535134 form (available upon request from the corresponding author), and declare no conflicts of interest; To wear or not to wear a mask in the COVID-19 era? The broken bridge between recommendations and implementation in Lebanon	Kabakian-Khasholian,  T,  Makhoul, et al	J Glob Health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Dealing with COVID-19 Outbreaks in Long-term Care Homes: A Protocol for Room Moving and Cohorting	Kain,  D,  McCreight, et al	Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
The COVID-19 nephrology compendium: AKI, CKD, ESKD and transplantation	Kant,  S,  Menez, et al	BMC Nephrol	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
The implications of hearing loss on a medical student: A personal view and learning points for medical educators	Karunaratne,  N,  Karunaratne, et al	Med Teach	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Syndemic responses to COVID-19 should include an ecological dimension	Kenyon,  Chris	The Lancet	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Excessive Pricing during COVID-19 Crisis in EU - An Empirical Inquiry	Kianzad,  Behrang	SSRN- Lancet prepublication	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Macrolides for patients with COVID-19 and concurrent pertussis infection	Kow,  CS,  Hasan, et al	Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7417143; Global health and data-driven policies for emergency responses to infectious disease outbreaks	Kozlakidis,  Z,  Abduljawad, et al	Lancet Glob Health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Maintaining confidentiality of emerging results in COVID-19 vaccine trials is essential	Krause,  PhilipR,  Fleming, et al	The Lancet	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Health Care Worker SARS-CoV-2 Infection Is Flying Under the Radar	Kuehn,  BM	Jama	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Can Tenofovir diphosphate be a candidate drug for Sars-Cov2? First clinical perspective	Kutlu,  O	Int J Clin Pract	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7363379; Focusing on Vulnerable Populations During COVID-19	Kuy,  S,  Tsai, et al	Acad Med	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Responding to Patients Who Refuse to Wear Masks During the Covid-19 Pandemic	Lehmann,  EY,  Lehmann, et al	J Gen Intern Med	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
On the relationship between BCG coverage and national Covid-19 outcome: could "heterologous" herd immunity explain why some countries are better off?	Lerm,  M	J Intern Med	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Planetary Health Humanities-Responding to COVID Times	Lewis,  B	J Med Humanit	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7363369; Medical Education Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: New Perspectives for the Future	Li,  HO,  Bailey, et al	Acad Med	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7363366; Cardiology Training in Singapore During the COVID-19 Pandemic	Lim,  Y,  Chook, et al	Acad Med	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7535345 (available upon request from the corresponding author), and declare no conflicts of interest; Reopening safely - Lessons from Taiwan's COVID-19 response	Lin,  C,  Mullen, et al	J Glob Health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7566656 (available upon request from the corresponding author), and declare no conflicts of interest; Online keyword searching in three countries and languages reflects different perceptions and behaviors in response to the name of the novel coronaviru	Liu,  R,  Gavrin, et al	J Glob Health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7533428 (available upon request from the corresponding author), and declare no further conflicts of interest; From biological safety to social safety: How Taiwan's community centered prevention program controlled the COVID-19 outbreak	Lo,  A,  Huang, et al	J Glob Health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7375189 (Elsevier, 2016) and Health Systems Science Review (Elsevier, 2019); Contributions of Health Professions Students to Health System Needs During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Potential Strategies and Process for U.S. Medical Schools	Long,  N,  Wolpaw, et al	Acad Med	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7340135; How to Support Residents During the COVID-19 Pandemic	Love,  S	Acad Med	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7568006 form (available upon request from the corresponding author) and declare no conflicts of interest; Addressing COVID-19 in Afghanistan: What are the efforts and challenges?	Lucero-Prisno,  D,  Ahmadi, et al	J Glob Health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7568007 (available upon request from the corresponding author) and declare no conflicts of interest; Gender-based violence during the COVID-19 pandemic response in Italy	Lundin,  R,  Armocida, et al	J Glob Health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7561274 (available upon request from the corresponding author), and declare no conflicts of interest; Maternity and child care amidst COVID-19 Pandemic: A forgotten agenda	Manchanda,  NK	J Glob Health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
RAAS Inhibitors and Risk of Covid-19. Reply	Mancia,  G,  Rea, et al	N Engl J Med	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Recovery from COVID-19 in a Child with Chronic Granulomatous Disease and T Cell Lymphopenia	Mantravadi,  V,  Nguyen, et al	J Clin Immunol	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
NICU Collaboration During the COVID-19 Worldwide Pandemic: A Memory of Gratitude	Marana,  J	Adv Neonatal Care	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7506468 Co-editor in Chief of the Journal of Global Health; Correcting the pandemic: Analysis of corrections to journal articles on COVID-19 and Ebola	Matas,  J,  Buljan, et al	J Glob Health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
The positive rate of saliva for the detection of 2019-nCoV and possible factors related to the sensitivity results	Meng,  M,  Zhou, et al	J Med Virol	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Sharing moments of "this is it!" with colleagues to research and develop optical communication technology for revolutionizing society	Miyamoto,  Y	NTT Technical Review	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7561210 (available upon request from the corresponding author), and declare no conflicts of interest; Coping with the COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy and Spain: Lessons in Response Urgency	Montesó-Curto,  P,  Sánchez-Montesó, et al	J Glob Health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7561217 (available upon request from the corresponding author), and declare no conflicts of interest; Learning from tuberculosis: COVID-19 highlights the need for more robust infection control policy	Moran,  A,  Mphahlele, et al	J Glob Health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7561213 (available upon request from the corresponding author), and declare no conflicts of interest; How prepared is Brazil to tackle the COVID-19 disease?	Moreira,  RM,  Villa Montoya, et al	J Glob Health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7561275 (available upon request from the corresponding author), and declare no conflicts of interest; Lessons from COVID-19 on the role of the state and the market in providing early testing	Morel,  CM,  Lindahl, et al	J Glob Health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7567409 (available upon request from the corresponding author) and declare no conflicts of interest; SARS-CoV-2 updates in a West African population and precautionary measures for sustaining quality antenatal care delivery	Morhe,  EKS,  Anto, et al	J Glob Health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Covid-19 and kawasaki disease: is there a need for revising treatment guidelines?	Mormile,  R	Minerva Pediatr	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7561273 (available upon request from the corresponding author), and declare no conflicts of interest; SARS-CoV-2 in Malawi: Are we sacrificing the Youth in sub-Saharan Africa?	Nandi,  B,  Schultz, et al	J Glob Health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Povidone-iodine solution as SARS-CoV-2 prophylaxis for procedures of the upper aerodigestive tract a theoretical framework	Naqvi,  SHS,  Citardi, et al	J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Covid-19: Hospital discharges during pandemic were often chaotic, says watchdog	Oliver,  D	Bmj	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Moving from rhetoric to action: how Africa can use scientific evidence to halt the COVID-19 pandemic	Olu,  OO,  Waya, et al	Infect Dis Poverty	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Can secondary lymphoid organs exert a favorable effect on the mild course of COVID-19 in children?	Onal,  M,  Onal, et al	Acta Otolaryngol	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7568915 (available upon request from the corresponding author) and declare no conflicts of interest; COVID-19 in Myanmar: Spread, actions and opportunities for peace and stability	Oo,  MM,  Tun, et al	J Glob Health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
One country, two crises: what Covid-19 reveals about health inequalities among BAME communities in the United Kingdom and the sustainability of its health system?	Otu,  A,  Ahinkorah, et al	Int J Equity Health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7565744 form (available upon request from the corresponding author), and declare no conflicts of interest; Health coverage and what Kenya can learn from the COVID-19 pandemic	Ouma,  PN,  Masai, et al	J Glob Health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7510337 the national expert group on Digital Ethics. She is also an advisor to the World Health Organisation on Digital Health and a theme leader of the NHS Digital Academy. Interpretations and opinions expressed in this paper are her own. The author h	Pagliari,  C	J Glob Health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7561270 (available upon request from the corresponding author), and declares no conflicts of interest; COVID-19 in Greece: People take precedence over economics	Papadimos,  TJ	J Glob Health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7363372; Anatomy: Beyond the COVID-19 Pandemic	Pearson,  S	Acad Med	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Patient Contribution to the Development and Safe Use of Medicines During the Covid-19 Pandemic	Pitts,  PJ,  Houÿez, et al	Ther Innov Regul Sci	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
National observation of death by suicide in the first 3 months under COVID-19 pandemic	Qin,  P,  Mehlum, et al	Acta Psychiatr Scand	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
The COVID-19 Pandemic: An Opportunity to Transform Higher Education in Public Health	Resnick,  BA,  Mui, et al	Public Health Rep	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
RAAS Inhibitors and Risk of Covid-19. Reply	Reynolds,  HR,  Adhikari, et al	N Engl J Med	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Covid-19: Two fifths of doctors say pandemic has worsened their mental health	Rimmer,  A	Bmj	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Facing postdural puncture headache in COVID-19 times	Rocha-Romero,  A,  Roychoudhury, et al	Reg Anesth Pain Med	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7363386; Answering the Call to Action: COVID-19 Curriculum Design by Students for Students	Roll,  R,  Chiu, et al	Acad Med	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7508006; First evaluation of hydroxychloroquine recommendations in treating SARS-CoV-2	Roussel,  Y,  Raoult, et al	New Microbes New Infect	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Lessons from Sweden: where can older adults shelter from COVID-19?	Roxby,  AlisonC,  Gure, et al	The Lancet Healthy Longevity	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Substance Use Disorder Linked to Higher COVID-19 Risk	Rubin,  R	Jama	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7506195 Republic of Croatia for COVID-19 response and co-Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Global Health. The author has completed the ICMJE Unified Competing Interest form (available upon request from the author), and declares no conflicts of interest	Rudan,  I	J Glob Health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Gandhi's vision and the current health crisis: an Indian perspective	Saha,  Kalyan Brata,  Saxena, et al	The Lancet	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7565742 from the corresponding author) and declare no conflicts of interest; Implementation of the International Health Regulations in Somaliland supports multisectoral response to COVID-19	Sane,  J,  Ruutu, et al	J Glob Health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7585989; Response to the letter by Meng-jun Zhan et al. regarding the paper "A technical report from the Italian SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. Postmortem sampling and autopsy investigation in cases of suspected or probable COVID-19"	Santurro,  A,  Scopetti, et al	Forensic Sci Med Pathol	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7387256; Letter to the editor: Possible role of topical povidone iodine in case of accidental ocular exposure to SARS-CoV-2	Sarma,  P,  Kaur, et al	Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Is newly diagnosed diabetes a stronger risk factor than pre-existing diabetes for COVID-19 severity?	Sathish,  T,  de Mello, et al	J Diabetes	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7363370; Courage in the Face of COVID-19	Scarcella,  J	Acad Med	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
ESSD Commentary on Dysphagia Management During COVID Pandemia	Schindler,  A,  Baijens, et al	Dysphagia	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7363365; Teaching Basic Surgical Skills Using Homemade Tools in Response to COVID-19	Schlégl Á,  T,  Pintér, et al	Acad Med	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7561215 (available upon request from the corresponding author), and declare no conflicts of interest; The COVID-19 pandemic and Community Health Workers: An opportunity to maintain delivery of care and education for families of children with epilepsy i	Sham,  L,  Ciccone, et al	J Glob Health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7561211 (available upon request from the corresponding author), and declare no conflicts of interest; Burdening the poor: Extreme responses to COVID-19 in India and the Southeastern United States	Sharma,  K,  Yount, et al	J Glob Health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Adaptations in teaching modalities for medical undergraduates in response to coronavirus disease 2019 at a single teaching institute in India	Sharma,  S,  Ray, et al	Korean J Med Educ	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Short Communication: Linguistic Semantics of the COVID-19 Quarantine Concept Perceived by Ukrainians	Shymko,  Vitalii,  Babadzhanova, et al	SSRN- Lancet prepublication	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
RAAS Inhibitors and Risk of Covid-19	Sriram,  K,  Loomba, et al	N Engl J Med	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
RAAS Inhibitors and Risk of Covid-19	Strauss,  MH,  Hall, et al	N Engl J Med	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7563089 (available upon request from the corresponding author), and declare no conflicts of interest; Lessons from COVID-19 pandemic for the child survival agenda	Subramanian,  SV,  Chatterjee, et al	J Glob Health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7562727 (available upon request from the corresponding author), and declare no conflicts of interest; A primary care alternative to a hospital-based approach to COVID-19 in India	Sudhir,  A,  Mor, et al	J Glob Health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation during the COVID-19 pandemic: a scientific statement on CPR management protocol of Kasr Al-Ainy University Hospital is presented	Taha,  HS,  Shaker, et al	Egypt Heart J	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Covid-19: Virus is out of control, White House admits	Tanne,  JH	Bmj	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
How COVID-19 Reveals Structures of Vulnerability	Team,  V,  Manderson, et al	Med Anthropol	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7561290; Mental health matters	The Lancet Global,  Health	Lancet Glob Health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Salzburg Deklaration [Salzburg Declaration]: Outcome of the Conference “System Change?! The Chance of Transformation of the Healthcare Sector: Analysis and Chance withing the Coronavirus Crisis”	Tomek,  Reinhardt Stefan,  Richter, et al	SSRN- Lancet prepublication	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Can we rely on digital thermometer at home for kids going to school during COVID-19 outbreak?	Tornese,  G	Minerva Pediatr	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7559422 (available upon request from the corresponding author), and declare no conflicts of interest; Mobilizing medical students for COVID-19 responses: Experience of Vietnam	Tran,  BX,  Vo, et al	J Glob Health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7568913 (available upon request from the corresponding author), and declare no conflicts of interest; Coronavirus in Colombia: Stigma and quarantine	Trejos-Herrera,  A,  Vinaccia, et al	J Glob Health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Call for telephone outreach to older people with cognitive impairment during the COVID-19 pandemic	Ura,  C,  Okamura, et al	Geriatr Gerontol Int	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7537566 (available upon request from the corresponding author) and declare no conflicts of interest; Undertesting of COVID-19 in Indonesia: what has gone wrong?	van Empel,  G,  Mulyanto, et al	J Glob Health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
A dynamic human-in-the-loop recommender system for evidence-based clinical staging of COVID-19	Varatharajah,  Y,  Chen, et al		Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7561277 (available upon request from the corresponding author), and declare no conflicts of interest; Alcohol consumption: An important epidemiological factor in COVID-19?	Vasudeva,  A,  Patel, et al	J Glob Health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7535132 ICMJE Unified Competing Interest form (available upon request from the corresponding author), and declare no conflicts of interest; How to safely and smoothly resume trials after the COVID-19 outbreak	Wang,  Z,  Chen, et al	J Glob Health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Inflammatory syndromes associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection: dysregulation of the immune response across the age spectrum	Weatherhead,  JE,  Clark, et al	J Clin Invest	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7580598; Impact analysis of COVID-19 responses on energy grid dynamics in Europe	Werth,  A,  Gravino, et al	Appl Energy	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7568527 BMO Financial Group Chair in Health Professions Education Research, University Health Network. All authors completed the ICMJE Unified Competing Interest Form (available upon request from the corresponding author), and no other authors declare	Wondimagegn,  D,  Petros, et al	J Glob Health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7506194 (available upon request from the corresponding author), and declare no conflicts of interest; UNCOVER registry: A searchable online catalogue for COVID-19 evidence reviews	Xu,  W,  Zhang, et al	J Glob Health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Disease burden and clinical severity of the first pandemic wave of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China	Yang,  J,  Chen, et al	Nat Commun	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
An unusual inflammatory disease linked to SARS coronavirus-2 in children: are we prepared enough?	Yasmin,  F,  Farhan, et al	Minerva Pediatr	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Adaptation of internet-based multiple mini-interviews in a limited-resource medical school during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic	Yolanda,  S,  Wisnu, et al	Korean J Med Educ	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7363371; Utilizing Virtual Interviews in Residency Selection Beyond COVID-19	Zaki,  MM,  Nahed, et al	Acad Med	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7533429 (available from the corresponding author), and declare no conflicts of interest; Strategies and implications for improving the cure rate of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia in Wuhan	Zhang,  Y,  Cao, et al	J Glob Health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7562728 Veterans Affairs, World Heart Federation, Jooma and Tahir Family Honorarium, and serves as Associate Editor for Innovations, acc.org, American College of Cardiology. The authors completed the ICMJE Unified Competing Interest form (available upo	Zhu,  D,  Mishra, et al	J Glob Health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Surgical Smoke Safety for Dermatologists During the COVID-19 Pandemic	Zouzias,  CD,  Ciocon, et al	Dermatol Surg	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
COVID research updates: Basketball stars score with coronavirus insights		Nature	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial

Appendix: Process and definitions. 

A daily search for new publications is conducted in PubMed, Scopus, BioRxiv and MedRxiv, SSRN, Research Square, arXiv for all publications related to COVID-19 disease or SARS-CoV-2 using the search terms (COVID-19 OR SARS-CoV-2 OR "novel CoV" OR "novel coronavirus" OR nCoV) adapted to each database.  The capture is cross-referenced with publication announcements on the COVID-19 dashboards set up by a number of publishers and google.  Publishers include Lancet, Elsevier, The New England Journal of Medicine, BMJ, Wiley, Springer Nature, ChinaCDCweekly. Additionally the database is cross-referenced with other literature scans and activities by collaborators.  Members of the Emerging Sciences group examine and shorten the abstract or develop 1 -2 point summaries of each publication. Please email Lisa Waddell for additional information: Lisa.Waddell@canada.ca.  References are compiled in a reworks database that has citations since the beginning of the outbreak.  All references can be accessed at this link and by the categories listed below.  The daily scan has also been compiled in an excel sheet and copies can be provided upon request or accessed here.

Category Definitions:

Modelling/ prediction: Predictive modeling is a process that uses data mining and probability to forecast outcomes. Each model is made up of a number of predictors, which are variables that are likely to influence future results.

Epidemiology: the branch of medicine which deals with the incidence, distribution, and possible control of diseases and other factors relating to health. Includes Ro, attack rates, case number doubling time, case fatality rate, serial interval, clinical attack rate, asymptomatic fraction, proportion of asymptomatic and infective*

Transmission: The passage of a pathogen causing communicable disease from an infected host to an uninfected host via direct or indirect routes.

Clinical data of cases: Includes clinical parameters such as incubation period, latent period, period of communicability, duration of illness, duration of hospitalization, host risk factors, as well as clinical profiles of patients; presenting symptoms, symptoms over course of illness, sequelae, comorbidities.* 

Surveillance: Public health surveillance is the continuous, systematic collection, analysis and interpretation of health-related data.  Surveillance data will likely be number of cases suspected/confirmed, number of deaths, number recovered. *

Coronavirology: All research relating to the virus; its characteristics, genetic make-up, phylogenetic analyses

Diagnostics / Pathogen detection:  All studies on identification of the virus; culture, PCR, antibody/antigen tests etc.

Therapeutics: Studies of substances that may be used to treat infected hosts including passive immunization products.

Vaccine Research:  Studies of vaccine candidates to prevent infection with 2019-nCoV including clinical trials.

Public Health Priorities: These citations will focus on what the current research priorities are and/or where knowledge gaps exist.

Public Health interventions*: Any study evaluating how effective a public health intervention is or maybe (in the case of a predictive model).

Public Health response: These papers are typically overviews of past and current activities, they often also identify knowledge gaps and suggest future activities or objectives.

Infection Prevention and Control/ Prévention et contrôle des infections (IPAC/PCI): Any research on the effectiveness of IPC interventions should also be tagged as IPC

Health care Response: This foci would include a description of activities to deal with 2019-nCoV cases including, but not limited to:  set up of a special emergency multi-disciplinary intensive care team; Bed and medical equipment preparation/ stock piling supplies; Education and training of staff; Early case recognition and classification of disease severity.

Economics: papers discussing/ forecasting the economics of COVID-19 pandemic.

Immunology: the study of the immune system and includes serology studies in conjunction with other foci (e.g. epidemiology or diagnostics)

Animal Model: An animal model is a living, non-human, often genetic-engineered animal used during the research and investigation of human disease, for the purpose of better understanding the disease process without the added risk of harming an actual human.

Zoonotic: all literature discussing the transmission to and from or occurrence of naturally acquired SARS-COV-2 infection in animals.

Review Literature:  All articles that summarize the published literature can be tagged as a review.  This includes systematic review, meta-analysis, scoping review, overviews, umbrella reviews*

Commentary/Editorial: For commentaries, editorials, letters to the editor, other types of opinion pieces where there is no new data collected by the author or analysis conducted by the author, please tag these within the commentary category.

News articles that have not scientific information.

*Lists are not exhaustive

Annexe: Processus et définitions. 

Une recherche quotidienne des nouvelles publications est effectuée dans PubMed, Scopus, BioRxiv and MedRxiv, SSRN, Research Square, arXiv pour toutes les publications relatives à la maladie COVID-19 ou au SRAS-CoV-2 en utilisant les termes de recherche (COVID-19 OU SARS-CoV-2 OU « novel CoV » OU « novel coronavirus » OU nCoV).  La saisie renvoie à des annonces de publication sur les tableaux de bord du nCoV mis en place par un certain nombre d'éditeurs et par Google.  Parmi les éditeurs figurent Lancet, Elsevier, The New England Journal of Medicine, BMJ, Wiley, Springer Nature, ChinaCDCweekly.  En outre, la base de données renvoie à d'autres survols de publications, et à des activités des collaborateurs.  Les membres du groupe scientifique émergent préparent des résumés en 1 ou 2 points de chaque publication. Pour en savoir plus, veuillez envoyer un courriel à Lisa Waddell au : Lisa.Waddell@canada.ca.  Les références sont compilées dans une base de données Refworks qui contient des citations depuis le début de l'épidémie.  Toutes les références sont accessibles à partir de ce lien et par les catégories énumérées ci-dessous. L'analyse quotidienne a également été compilée dans une feuille Excel et des copies peuvent être fournies sur demande ou consultées ici.

Définitions des catégories :

Modélisation / prédiction : La modélisation prédictive est un processus qui utilise l'exploration de données et la probabilité pour prévoir les résultats. Chaque modèle est composé de plusieurs prédicteurs, qui sont des variables susceptibles d'influencer les résultats futurs.

Épidémiologie : Branche de la médecine qui traite de l'incidence, de la répartition et du contrôle éventuel des maladies et d'autres facteurs liés à la santé. Comprend le taux de reproduction de base (Ro), les taux d'attaque, le temps de doublement du nombre de cas, le taux de létalité, l'intervalle sériel, le taux d'attaque clinique, la fraction asymptomatique, la proportion de cas asymptomatiques et infectieux*.

Transmission : Passage d'un agent pathogène causant une maladie transmissible d'un hôte infecté à un hôte non infecté par des voies directes ou indirectes.

Données cliniques des cas : Comprend les paramètres cliniques tels que la période d'incubation, la période de latence, la période de contagiosité, la durée de la maladie, la durée de l'hospitalisation, les facteurs de risque de l'hôte, ainsi que les profils cliniques des patients; les symptômes présentés, les symptômes au cours de la maladie, les séquelles, les comorbidités.* 

Surveillance : La surveillance de la santé publique est la collecte, l'analyse et l'interprétation continues et systématiques de données relatives à la santé.  Les données de surveillance concerneront probablement le nombre de cas suspects / confirmés, le nombre de décès, le nombre de personnes guéries. *

Coronavirologie : Toutes les recherches relatives au virus, ses caractéristiques, sa constitution génétique et les analyses phylogénétiques.

Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes : Toutes les études sur l'identification du virus : culture, PCR, tests de dépistage d'anticorps ou d’antigènes, etc.

Thérapeutique : Étude des substances pouvant être utilisées pour traiter les hôtes infectés, y compris les produits d'immunisation passive.

Recherche sur les vaccins : Études des candidats à la vaccination pour prévenir l'infection par le 2019-nCoV, y compris des essais cliniques.

Priorités de santé publique : Ces citations porteront sur les priorités actuelles de recherche et/ou sur les lacunes dans les connaissances.

Interventions de santé publique* : Toute étude évaluant l'efficacité (réelle ou possible) d'une intervention de santé publique (dans le cas d'un modèle prédictif).

Réponse de la santé publique : Ces articles sont généralement des aperçus des activités passées et actuelles, qui identifient souvent les lacunes dans les connaissances et suggèrent des activités ou des objectifs futurs.

Prévention et contrôle des infections/Infection Prevention and Control (PCI/IPAC) : Les recherches sur l'efficacité des interventions en PCI doivent également être marquées comme PCI.

Réponse des soins de santé : Ce point comprendrait une description des activités pour traiter les cas de 2019-nCoV, notamment :  mise en place d'une équipe multidisciplinaire spéciale de soins intensifs d'urgence; préparation des lits et des équipements médicaux / stockage des fournitures; sensibilisation et formation du personnel; reconnaissance précoce des cas et classification de la gravité de la maladie.

Immunologie : l'étude du système immunitaire et comprend des études sérologiques en conjonction avec d'autres foyers (p. ex. épidémiologie ou diagnostic)

Modèle animal: Un modèle animal est un animal vivant, non humain, souvent génétiquement modifié, utilisé lors de la recherche et de l'investigation des maladies humaines, dans le but de mieux comprendre le processus de la maladie sans risque supplémentaire de nuire à un humain réel.

Zoonotic: all literature discussing the transmission to and from or occurrence of naturally acquired SARS-COV-2 infection in animals.

Économie: documents discutant / prévoyant l'économie de la pandémie de COVID-19

Revue de la documentation :  Tous les articles qui résument les documents publiés peuvent être marqués comme une revue.  Cela comprend les revues systématiques, les méta-analyses, les études de la portée, les aperçus, les examens généraux*.

Commentaires/Éditorial : Pour les commentaires, éditoriaux, lettres à la rédaction, autres types d'articles d'opinion pour lesquels aucune nouvelle donnée n'est collectée ou aucune analyse n'est effectuée par l'auteur, veuillez les marquer dans la catégorie des commentaires.

journaux Articles de presse qui n'ont pas d'informations scientifiques.

* Les listes ne sont pas exhaustives