Subject: Daily Scan of COVID-19 Scientific Publications / survol journalier des publications scientifiques du COVID-19,
2020-10-22
Good afternoon,
There are 500 citations in today’s scan. 323 were considered primary research or review literature.
Highlights today include:
CANADA
·
Anand et al
performed a longitudinal analysis to measure the RBD-specific antibody response in convalescent plasma from 33 to 114 days post-symptom onset using a semi-quantitative ELISA. A decrease in RBD-specific antibody titers between the first and last donations
was observed for all 15 donors tested and this decline was shown to depend on time post-recovery but not on the number of donations. Antibodies against S also decreased over time in these plasma samples, with the decrease being significant ~74 days post-symptom
onset onwards. These findings help to better understand the decline of humoral responses against the SARS-CoV-2 Spike and suggest that plasma should be collected rapidly after recovery from active infection in order to keep high levels of anti-Spike antibodies
which are supposed to provide a clinical benefit in convalescent plasma transfer.
PUBLIC HEALTH INTERVENTION
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Lei et al used surveillance data of COVID-19 and seasonal influenza in the year 2018-2020 were used to quantify the relative efficiency of NPIs against COVID-19 in China, since
isolation/quarantine was not used for the influenza epidemics. The mean effective reproductive number, Rt, of COVID-19 before NPIs was 2.12. By March 11, 2020, the overall reduction in Rt of COVID-19 was 66.1%. In the epidemiological year 2019/20, influenza
transmissibility reduced by 34.6% compared with that in the epidemiological year 2018/19. Under the observed contact patterns changes in China, social distancing had similar efficiency against COVID-19 in three different scenarios. By assuming same efficiency
of social distancing against seasonal influenza and COVID-19 transmission, isolation/quarantine and social distancing could lead to a 48.1% and 34.6% reduction of the transmissibility of COVID-19.
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Baggett et al
conduct a modeling study to assess clinical outcomes, costs, and cost-effectiveness of strategies for COVID-19 management among sheltered homeless adults. Results demonstrate that daily symptom screening and alternate care
sites were associated with fewer COVID-19 infections and decreased costs compared with no intervention. In a modeled surging epidemic, adding universal PCR testing every 2 weeks was associated with further decrease in COVID-19 infections at modest incremental
cost and should be considered during future surges.
IPAC
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Ong,
et al. aimed to evaluate the extent of environmental contamination in the ICU and correlate this with patient and disease factors, including the impact of different ventilatory modalities. 200 samples from 20 patient rooms, and 75 samples from common
areas and the staff pantry, were tested. 14 rooms had at least one site contaminated, with an overall contamination rate of 14%. Environmental contamination in the ICU is lower compared to the GW. Use of mechanical ventilation or high-flow nasal oxygen was
not associated with greater surface contamination, supporting their use and safety from an infection control perspective.
EPIDMIOLOGY
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Ogimi, et al.
investigated whether countries with higher coverage of childhood live vaccines [BCG or measles-containing-vaccine (MCV)] have reduced risk of COVID-19 related mortality, accounting for known systems differences between countries. In this ecological study
of 140 countries using publicly available national-level data, higher vaccine coverage, representing estimated proportion of people vaccinated during the last 15 years, was associated with lower COVID-19 deaths.
·
Prodhan
(preprint) presents an extension of an existing Bayesian network model for an application in which people can add their own personal risk factors to calculate their probability of exposure to the virus and likely severity if they do catch the illness.
SEROPREVALANCE
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Le Vu et al present estimates for prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the French population and the proportion of infected individuals who developed potentially
protective neutralizing antibodies throughout the first epidemic wave (prior to (9-15 March), during (6-12 April) and following (11-17 May) a nationwide lockdown). Nationwide seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was estimated at 0.41% mid-March, 4.14% mid-April
and 4.93% mid-May. Approximately 70% of seropositive individuals had detectable neutralising antibodies. Seroprevalence was higher in regions where circulation occurred earlier and was more intense.
·
Kamath et al.
analyzed blood specimens from 1,559 healthy blood donors, collected in the greater New York metropolitan area between the months of March and July 2020 for antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 virus. They observed a significant
increase in SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity rates over the four-month period, from 0% (March) to 11.6% (July).
CLINICAL DATA
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White et al
report on their experience at Evelina London Children’s Hospital, when observing the emergence of what is now called paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS). They report on the emergence of more than
70 cases of PIMS-TS in 6 weeks, and the pathogenesis, management, treatment and support of these new case.
VACCINE RESEARCH
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Fernandes et al., test the safety of the putative vaccine candidates and to study immune response against the virus. Based on the in vivo and
in silico results presented here, we propose the zebrafish as a model for translational research into the safety of the vaccine and the immune response of the vertebrate organism to the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
THERAPEUTICS
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Lyngbakken et al.
randomized 53 patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 to hydroxychloroquine therapy in addition to standard care or standard care alone. Treatment with hydroxychloroquine did not result in a significantly greater rate of decline in SARS-CoV-2 oropharyngeal
viral load compared to standard care alone during the first five days.
·
Hermine et al. conducted a RCT in France (130 patients hospitalized with COVID-19) to assess the effect
of tocilizumab, an anti–interleukin-6 receptor antibody, in patients with COVID-19 and moderate-to-severe pneumonia. They found that tocilizumab did not reduce the WHO 10-point Clinical Progression Scale scores lower than 5 at day 4, and the proportion of
patients with noninvasive ventilation, intubation, or death at day 14 was 36% with usual care and 24% with tocilizumab. No difference in mortality over 28 days was found between the 2 groups.
·
Emirik, M suggest that turmeric spice have a potential to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 vital proteins and can be use a therapeutic or protective agent against SARS-CoV-2 via
inhibiting key protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The compound 4, 23 and 6 are the most prominent inhibitor for the main protease, the spike glycoprotein and RNA polymerase of virus, respectively.
DIAGNOSTICS
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Woods et al
preform a prospective study of nasopharyngeal swab technique by staff in an academic tertiary referral centre. They asses swab technique of 228 participants. They find that technique was poor, with a success rate of nasopharyngeal swabbing at 38.6%,
angle and length of insertion were significantly different between those with successful and unsuccessful technique and doctors were significantly more accurate than nurses and non-healthcare professionals.
·
Mancini et al.
developed a diagnostic test that can distinguish SARS-CoV-2 from influenza viruses. The assay developed was able to detect and distinguish each virus target and to intercept co-infections. Only two influenza co-infections were detected in COVID-19 samples.
According to the authors, this study suggests that the assay is a rapid, valid, and accurate method for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza viruses in clinical samples.
PUBLIC HEALTH RESPONSE
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Wright et al find evidence that increased confidence in government to tackle the pandemic is longitudinally related
to higher compliance. Their results suggest that to effectively manage the pandemic, governments should ensure that confidence is maintained, something which has not occurred in all countries.
·
Lazarus et al surveyed 13,426 people in 19 countries to determine potential acceptance rates and factors influencing acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine. Of these, 71.5% of
participants reported that they would be very or somewhat likely to take a COVID-19 vaccine, and 61.4% reported that they would accept their employer's recommendation to do so. Differences in acceptance rates ranged from almost 90% (in China) to less than
55% (in Russia). Respondents reporting higher levels of trust in information from government sources were more likely to accept a vaccine and take their employer's advice to do so.
·
Yun et al investigated the impact of social distancing practiced during the Covid-19 pandemic on the incidence of selected
vaccine preventable diseases (VPDs) in South Korea. In 2020, there were 44% decline for mumps, 44% decline for varicella, 28% decline for pertussis, 22% decline for IPD, 14% decline in incidence of hepatitis A, and no change for hepatitis B incidences, compared
to baseline years (2015-2019). The largest decline of total VPDs were in April (65%) and in May (67%), during the intensified social distancing measures. In the setting of sustained vaccination coverage, social distancing may provide additional public health
benefit in controlling the VPDs.
Regards,
Lisa Waddell, Tricia Corrin, Rukshanda Ahmad, Robyn Odell, Maribeth Mitri, Julie Theriault, Dobrila Todoric, Alejandra Dubois, Austyn Baumeister, Anam Khan, Musaab Younis, Lien Mi Tien, Dima Ayache, Angela Sloan, Kaitlin Young, Chatura
Prematunge, Ainsley Otten, Irene Yong, Drew Greydanus, Shalane Ha, Alex Gilbert, Jessie Varga, Vanessa Zubach, Meenu Sharma, Kristyn Burak
Focus areas: Modelling/ prediction, Epidemiology, Transmission, Clinical data, Surveillance, Coronavirology, Diagnostics / Pathogen detection, Therapeutics,
Vaccine Research, Public health interventions, Public Health response, Public Health Priorities, IPAC, Health care response, immunology, economics, animal model, zoonoses, Review Literature, Commentary/Editorial, news
Domaines cibles: Modélisation/prédiction, Épidémiologie, Transmission, Données cliniques, Surveillance, Coronavirologie, Diagnostics
/ Détection d'agents pathogènes, Thérapeutique, Recherche sur les vaccins, Interventions de santé publique, Priorités de santé publique, PCI,
Réponse des soins de santé, immunologie, économie, modèle animal, zoonoses, Revue de littérature, Commentaire/Éditorial, journaux
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PUBLICATIONS |
AUTHORS / AUTEURS |
SOURCE |
FOCI / DOMAINE |
SUMMARY / SOMMAIRE |
PMC7566672; Presenting Symptoms and Predictors of Poor Outcomes Among 2,184 Patients with COVID-19 in Lagos State, Nigeria |
Abayomi, A, Odukoya, et al |
Int J Infect Dis |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
This study assessed the relationship between patients' presenting symptoms, sociodemographic and clinical characteristics
and COVID-19 deaths. The ages of the patients ranged from 4 days to 98 years with a mean of 43.0(16.0) years. Of the patients who presented with symptoms, cough (19.3%) was the most common presenting symptom. This was followed by fever (13.7%) and difficulty
in breathing, (10.9%). The most significant clinical predictor of death was the severity of symptoms and signs at presentation. Difficulty in breathing was the most significant symptom predictor of COVID-19 death (OR:19.26 95% CI 10.95-33.88). The case fatality
rate was 4.3%. |
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Abbas, Kiran, UlHaq, et al |
medRxiv |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
This study highlighted the main challenges faced by the social workers amid the pandemic. A qualitative study was conducted between March 2020 to May 2020
in Karachi, Pakistan. All participants who belonged to a non-profit organization were eligible to participate. Open-ended questions were asked by the participants. The mean age of the participants was 24.8 ± 5.9 years. The main challenges faced by the social
workers were: i) resistance from the family and friends, ii) lack of personal protective equipment, iii) mistrust from the public, iv) uncooperative government/authorities. |
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The Early Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Acute Care Mental Health Services |
Abbas, MJ, Kronenberg, et al |
Psychiatr Serv |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
This study explored the effects of COVID-19 and the lockdown measures adopted in England on patients with acute mental illness. The number of crisis resolution
and home treatment (CRHT) referrals and inpatient admissions were lower during the COVID-19 period, compared with the control periods, by approximately 12% and 20%, respectively. Patients admitted during the COVID-19 period were significantly more often detained
under the Mental Health Act and were considered to pose a risk of aggression. The pattern of diagnoses differed significantly between 2020 and 2019. A higher percentage of patients admitted during the COVID-19 period were diagnosed as having nonaffective psychotic
disorders (52% versus 35%) or bipolar disorder (25% versus 15%), and fewer received a diagnosis of depression (8% versus 16%), anxiety disorder (0% versus 3%), adjustment disorder (0% versus 8%), emotionally unstable personality disorder (6% versus 15%), or
any other personality disorder (0% versus 5%) (p=0.01). |
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Abdulrahman, Abdulkarim, AlAwadhi, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Transmission |
This study described the change in transmission in SARS-CoV2 in relation to demographics before and after two major religious events: Eid Alfitr and Ashura.
There was significant increase in the number of COVID-19 cases after both Eid Alfitr (1997 more cases, with a 67% increase) and Ashura (4232 more cases with 2.19 times more cases). The majority of new cases after the religious events were found in local Bahrainis,
from 472 cases to 2169 cases after Eid, and from 2201 to 6639 cases after Ashura. The rise was most notable in females (increased by 4.89 times after Eid and by 2.69 times after Ashura), children (increased by 4.69 times after Eid and by 5 times after Ashura)
and elderly above the age of 60 years (increased by 5.7 times after Eid and by 3.23 times after Ashura). |
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Sars-Cov-2 Pandemic in Nigeria: The Impact on Age and Sex Distributions |
Abulude, Francis Olawale, Abulude, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
The study examined the effect on age and sex distributions due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Nigeria. The information as of June 2020, revealed that the
death cases was 506, even though the confirmed was 19808. The confirmed cases for the states followed this particular order: Lagos > FCT > Kano > Rivers down to Kogi probably the least figure recorded, while death rates followed this order: Lagos > FCT > Edo
> Oyo down to Adamawa probably the least figure. The sex distributions of SARS-CoV-2 of the confirmed cases showed that male had a higher number in comparison to female, while in the age distributions, it was noticed that the age groups most affected were:
21 - 30, 31 - 40, 41 - 50, 51 - 60 for each male and female. |
|
Adams, SJ, Burbridge, et al |
J Telemed Telecare |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
This prospective descriptive study describes the experience of providing obstetrical ultrasound services remotely using
a telerobotic ultrasound system in a northern Canadian community isolated due to a COVID-19 outbreak. Of 11 limited obstetrical exams, radiologists indicated images were adequate in nine (81%) cases, adequate with some reservations in one (9%) case and inadequate
in one (9%) case. Of 10 second-trimester complete obstetrical exams, radiologists indicated images were adequate in two (20%) cases, adequate with some reservations in three (30%) cases and inadequate in five (50%) cases. Second-trimester complete obstetrical
exams were limited due to a combination of body habitus, foetal lie and telerobotic technology. |
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Longitudinal Survey of COVID-19 Burden and Related Policies in U.S. Neonatal Intensive
Care Units |
Ahmad, KA, Darcy-Mahoney, et al |
Am J Perinatol |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of confirmed COVID-19 disease in infants under investigation among a cohort
of U.S. neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). And also evaluated hospital policies regarding maternal COVID-19 screening and related to those infants born to mothers under investigation or confirmed to have COVID-19. Confirmed COVID-19 disease in NICU admitted
infants was rare, with the prevalence rising from 0.03 (1 patient) to 0.44% (15 patients) across the four survey rounds, while the prevalence of patients under investigation increased from 0.8 to 2.6%. Hospitals isolating infants from COVID-19-positive mothers
fell from 46 to 20% between the second and fourth surveys, while centers permitting direct maternal breastfeeding increased 17 to 47% over the same period. Centers reporting universal severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) screening for
all expectant mothers increased from 52 to 69%. |
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Aiolfi, A, Biraghi, et al |
Ann Thorac Surg |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
This report describes the cases of 2 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 who were successfully treated with thoracoscopy,
bleb resection, and pleurectomy for persistent pneumothorax. |
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Akinkugbe, AA, Garcia, et al |
J Dent Educ |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
This study assessed the immediate impacts of COVID-19 on students' readiness to enter clinical practice or residency
and its association with well-being (anxiety, perceived stress, coping and social support, and resilience). Overall response rate was 58% (N = 252) ranging from 40% among D4 students to 72% among D1 students. About half (55%) of the respondents were White,
a third (34%) Asians and 5% were African Americans. Ninety-two percent were non-Hispanics while 62% were female. Overall mean (SD) anxiety score was 6.5 (5.3) and 26% of respondents reported moderate or severe levels of anxiety. Anxiety score differed significantly
by gender with females reporting higher anxiety levels, mean (SD) = 7.3 (5.5) versus 5.2 (4.7) for males; P = 0.002). Furthermore, mean anxiety score differed significantly among the dental school classes, ranging from 5.5 (5.3) among D2 students to 11.8 (6.2)
in DH4 students (P = 0.02). |
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Alafeef, M, Dighe, et al |
ACS Nano |
Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes |
This study reports the development of a rapid (less than 5 min), low-cost, easy-to-implement, and quantitative paper-based
electrochemical sensor chip to enable the digital detection of SARS-CoV-2 genetic material. The sensor provides a significant improvement in output signal only in the presence of its target-SARS-CoV-2 RNA-within less than 5 min of incubation time, with a sensitivity
of 231 (copies μL(-1))(-1) and limit of detection of 6.9 copies/μL without the need for any further amplification. The sensor chip performance has been tested using clinical samples from 22 COVID-19 positive patients and 26 healthy asymptomatic subjects confirmed
using the FDA-approved RT-PCR COVID-19 diagnostic kit. The sensor successfully distinguishes the positive COVID-19 samples from the negative ones with almost 100% accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity and exhibits an insignificant change in output signal
for the samples lacking a SARS-CoV-2 viral target segment (e.g., SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, or negative COVID-19 samples collected from healthy subjects). |
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Albert, Eliseo, Torres, et al |
medRxiv |
Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes |
This study evaluated the Panbio COVID-19 AG Rapid Test Device (RAD) for the diagnosis of COVID-19 in symptomatic patients
attended in primary healthcare centers (n=412). Overall specificity and sensitivity of RAD was 100% and 79.6%, respectively, taking RT-PCR as the reference. SARS-CoV-2 could not be cultured from specimens yielding RT-PCR+/RAD- results. |
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Use of In Situ Simulation to Improve Emergency Department Readiness for the COVID-19
Pandemic |
Aljahany, M, Alassaf, et al |
Prehosp Disaster Med |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
This study identified gaps, tested hospital systems, and informed necessary modifications to the standard processes
required by patients with COVID-19 presenting at the hospital. And also improved ED staff confidence in managing such patients, and increaseed their skills in basic and advanced airway management and proper personal protective equipment (PPE) techniques.
Mock codes identified significant defects, most of which were easily fixed. They included critical equipment availability, transporting beds that were too large to fit through doors, and location of biohazard bins. Repeated mock codes improved ED staff confidence
in dealing with patients, in addition to performance of certain skills. Approximately 57.4% of HCPs felt comfortable dealing with suspected/confirmed, unstable COVID-19 cases after mock codes, compared with 33.3% beforehand (P = .033). Of ED HCPs, 44.4% felt
comfortable performing airway procedures for suspected/confirmed COVID-19 cases after mock codes compared with 29.6% beforehand. Performance of different skills was observed to be variable following the 20 mock codes. Skills with improved performance included:
request of chest x-ray after intubation (88.0%), intubation done by the most experienced ED physician (84.5%), and correct sequence and procedure of PPE (79.0%). |
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Almuqrin, Abdulaziz, Davidson, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Vaccine Research| Recherche sur les vaccins |
This study used direct RNA sequencing to analyse transcript expression from the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 genome in human MRC-5
and A549 cell lines that are non-permissive for vector replication alongside the replication permissive cell line, HEK293. In addition, also used quantitative proteomics to study over time the proteome and phosphoproteome of A549 and MRC5 cells infected with
the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine candidate. The expected SARS-CoV-2 S coding transcript dominated in all cell lines. Also detected rare S transcripts with aberrant splice patterns or polyadenylation site usage. Adenovirus vector transcripts were almost absent
in MRC-5 cells but in A549 cells there was a broader repertoire of adenoviral gene expression at very low levels. Proteomically, in addition to S glycoprotein, also detected multiple adenovirus proteins in A549 cells compared to just one in MRC5 cells. |
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Al-Qaaneh, A, Al-Ghamdi, et al |
Hum Vaccin Immunother |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
A retrospective observational study analyzed the data of 90 COVID-19 patients (blood oxygen saturation, WBC, CRP, ferritin,
D-Dimer, Alkaline phosphatase, ALT, AST, LDH, ICU length of stay after Tocilizumab administration, total ICU length of stay, total hospital length of stay, and mortality) admitted to the ICU units at Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare. |
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COVID-19: Impact of obesity and diabetes on disease severity |
Al-Sabah, S, Al-Haddad, et al |
Clin Obes |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
This study investigated the potential associations of obesity and diabetes with COVID-19 severe outcomes, assessed
as ICU admittance. Of 1158 hospitalized patients, 271 had diabetes, 236 had hypertension and 104 required admittance into the ICU. From patients with available measurements, 157 had body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m(2) . Univariate analysis showed that overweight,
obesity class I and morbid obesity were associated with ICU admittance. Patients with diabetes were more likely to be admitted to the ICU. Two models for multivariate regression analysis assessed either BMI or diabetes on ICU outcomes. In the BMI model, class
I and morbid obesities were associated with ICU admittance. In the diabetes model, diabetes was associated with increased ICU admittance, whereas hypertension had a protective effect on ICU admittance. |
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Al-Taher, Saad, AlKanan, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
This study assessed some of the characteristics of patients with COVID-19 in Basrah for the period from March ,4th
to September ,8th 2020. Of 6404 patients included , male constituted 54.8%. Healthcare workers constituted 11.4% of the infected people. Of health care workers 16.1% were physicians . The mean age for the whole cohort was 39 plus-or-minus sign16.7 years; adolescents
and children younger than 20 years constituted 12.4%. The peak age was 31-40 years, those aged 61 years or more constituted 9.8% only. The case fatality rate was 3% (males 55.2% and females 44.8%) . No death was reported in adolescents or children. The highest
death rate was among those age 61 years or more. |
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Two cases of skin manifestations prior to the onset of COVID-19 respiratory symptoms |
Altayeb, A, Cordaro, et al |
Int J Dermatol |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
This editorial describes two cases of laboratory‐confirmed COVID‐19 infection presenting with cutaneous manifestations
prior to the onset of respiratory symptoms. |
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Viral surface geometry shapes influenza and coronavirus
spike evolution |
Amitai, Assaf |
bioRxiv |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Immunology | Immunologie |
This study used 3D coarse-grained computational models to estimate the antibody pressure on the seasonal flu H1N1 and
the SARS subgenus spikes. Analyzing publically available sequences, showed that antibody pressure, through the geometrical organization of these spikes on the viral surface, shaped their mutability. Studying the mutability patterns of SARS-CoV-2 and the 2009
H1N1 pandemic spikes, found that they are not predominantly shaped by antibody pressure. However, for SARS-CoV-2, we find that over time, it acquired, at low frequency, several mutations at antibody-accessible positions, which could indicate possible escape
as define by this model. |
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Amyar, A, Modzelewski, et al |
Computers in biology and medicine |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection
d'agents pathogènes |
This paper presents an automatic classification segmentation tool for helping screening COVID-19 pneumonia using chest
CT imaging. Proposed a new multitask deep learning model to jointly identify COVID-19 patient and segment COVID-19 lesion from chest CT images. Three learning tasks: segmentation, classification and reconstruction are jointly performed with different datasets.
The proposed model is evaluated and compared with other image segmentation techniques using a dataset of 1369 patients including 449 patients with COVID-19, 425 normal ones, 98 with lung cancer and 397 of different kinds of pathology. The obtained results
show very encouraging performance of our method with a dice coefficient higher than 0.88 for the segmentation and an area under the ROC curve higher than 97% for the classification. |
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Anand, Sai Priya, Prevost, et al |
bioRxiv |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Immunology | Immunologie |
This study performed a longitudinal analysis of the persistence of antibodies targeting the full-length SARS-CoV-2
Spike in the plasma from 15 convalescent donors. Generated a 293T cell line constitutively expressing the SARS-CoV-2 Spike and used it to develop a high-throughput flow cytometry-based assay to detect SARS-CoV-2 Spike specific antibodies in the plasma of
convalescent donors. Results found that the level of antibodies targeting the full-length SARS-CoV-2 Spike declines gradually after the resolution of the infection. This decline was not related to the number of donations, but strongly correlated with the decline
of RBD-specific antibodies and the number of days post-symptom onset. |
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Ardern-Jones, Michael, Stammers, et al |
medRxiv |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
This study examined the prevalence of secondary haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH) -like hyperinflammation
in COVID-19. Early measurement of HScore parameters (day -1 to 4 from diagnosis) strongly predicted the %HScore over the course of the admission (p <0.0001). The retrospective cohort of sHLH showed significantly higher %HScores as compared to COVID-19 (median
73.47 vs 18.13 respectively, p <0.0001). The overall prevalence of individuals with an 80% probability of sHLH in our COVID-19 cohort was 1.59% on admission and only rose to 4.05% during the whole disease course. In the small cohort with scores suggestive
of sHLH, there was no excess mortality compared with the whole cohort. %HScores were higher in younger patients (p<0.0001) and did not reliably predict outcome at any cut-off value (AUROC 0.533, p=0.211; OR 0.99). These findings show that sHLH-type hyperinflammation
is not prevalent in COVID-19, and %HScores do not predict outcome. |
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Arvinte, C, Singh, et al |
Med Drug Discov |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
This pilot study measured serum vitamin C and vitamin D levels in a cohort of patients with critical COVID-19 illness
in community hospital ICU, correlated with other illness risk factors (age, BMI, HgbA1c, smoking status), generated hypotheses, and suggested further therapeutic intervention studies. Of 21 critically ill COVID-19 patients (15 males and 6 females, 17 Hispanic
and 4 Caucasian, of median age 61 years, range 20-94), there were 11 survivors. Serum levels of vitamin C and vitamin D were low in most of our critically ill COVID-19 ICU patients. Older age and low vitamin C level appeared co-dependent risk factors for mortality
from COVID-19 in this sample. Insulin resistance and obesity were prevalent in this small cohort, but smoking was not. |
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PMC7187836; Acute Pulmonary Embolism in SARS-CoV-2 Infection Treated With
Surgical Embolectomy |
Audo, A, Bonato, et al |
Ann Thorac Surg |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We report a case of SARS-CoV-2 complicated by a massive pulmonary embolism in a patient who underwent successful surgical
embolectomy. We believe that maintaining the same proactive attitude suggested by current European Society of Cardiology and European Respiratory Society guidelines might help in reducing morality and improving survival in SARS-COV-2 patients. |
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Baggett, TravisP, Scott, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique |
This study aimed to assess clinical outcomes, costs, and cost-effectiveness of strategies for COVID-19 management among
sheltered homeless adults. We developed a dynamic microsimulation model of COVID-19 in sheltered homeless adults in Boston, Massachusetts. We assessed daily symptom screening with PCR testing of screen-positives, universal PCR testing every 2 weeks, hospital-based
COVID-19 care, alternate care sites ACSs] for mild/moderate COVID-19, and temporary housing, each compared to no intervention. We simulated a population of 2,258 sheltered homeless adults with mean age of 42.6 years. Compared to no intervention, daily symptom
screening with ACSs for pending tests or confirmed COVID-19 and mild/moderate disease led to 37% fewer infections and 46% lower costs (Re=2.6), 75% fewer infections and 72% lower costs (Re=1.3), and 51% fewer infections and 51% lower costs (Re=0.9). Adding
PCR testing every 2 weeks further decreased infections; incremental cost per case prevented was $1,000 (Re=2.6), $27,000 (Re=1.3), and $71,000 (Re=0.9). Temporary housing with PCR every 2 weeks was most effective but substantially more costly than other options.
Results were sensitive to cost and sensitivity of PCR and ACS efficacy in preventing transmission. |
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CoVidAffect, real-time monitoring of mood variations following the COVID-19 outbreak
in Spain |
Bailon, C, Goicoechea, et al |
Sci Data |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
Here, we present the data from CoVidAffect, a nationwide citizen science project aimed to provide longitudinal data
of mood changes following the COVID-19 outbreak in the spanish territory. Spain is among the most affected countries by the pandemic, with one of the most restrictive and prolonged lockdowns worldwide. The project also collected a baseline of demographic and
socioeconomic data. These data can be further analyzed to quantify emotional responses to specific measures and policies, and to understand the effect of context variables on psychological resilience. Importantly, to our knowledge this is the first dataset
that offers the opportunity to study the behavior of emotion dynamics in a prolonged lockdown situation. |
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Lessons from applied large-scale pooling of 133,816
SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR tests |
Barak, Netta, Ben-Ami, et al |
medRxiv |
Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes |
Here we report analysis of 133,816 samples collected at April-September 2020, tested by pooling for the presence of
SARS-CoV-2. We spared 76% of RNA extraction and RT-PCR tests, despite the reality of frequently changing prevalence rate (0.5%-6%). Surprisingly, we observed pooling efficiency and sensitivity that exceed theoretical predictions, which resulted from non-random
distribution of positive samples in pools. Overall, the findings strongly support the use of pooling for efficient large high throughput SARS-CoV-2 testing. |
|
Barchetta, I, Agata Cimini, et al |
Diabetes Res Clin Pract |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of COVID-19 lockdown on blood glucose control in individuals with type 1 diabetes
(T1D) and to explore determinants of glucose variability. Time in range (TIR) significantly decreased (75(63-84)% vs. 69(50-76)%, p<0.001) whereas MG (154±15 mg/dl vs. 165±25 mg/dl, p=0.027) and eHbA1c (7.3(6.6-7.8)% vs. 7.5(6.7-8.2)%, p=0.031) increased from
pre- to lockdown period; overall glucose control significantly improved when restriction ended. Lockdown-associated work loss/suspension independently predicted impaired TIR after adjustment for potential confounders (Standardized β:-0.29; 95%CΙ:-18.7--2.25;
p=0.01). Greater TAR, TBR and hypoglycemic events were also reported during the lockdown. |
|
|
Bassett, MT, Chen, et al |
PLoS Med |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
Our objectives were to examine variation in age-specific COVID-19 mortality rates by racial/ethnicity and to calculate
the impact of this mortality using years of potential life lost (YPLL). This cross-sectional study used the recently publicly available data on US COVID-19 deaths with reported race/ethnicity, for the time period February 1, 2020, to July 22, 2020. We observed
racial variation in age-specific mortality rates not fully captured with examination of age-standardized rates alone. These findings suggest the importance of examining age-specific mortality rates and underscores how age standardization can obscure extreme
variations within age strata. To avoid overlooking such variation, data that permit age-specific analyses should be routinely publicly available. |
|
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PMC7175871; Bedside Transcervical-Transtracheal Postintubation Injury Repair
in a COVID-19 Patient |
Bassi, M, Anile, et al |
Ann Thorac Surg |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We report the case of a pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema developing in a COVID-19 patient secondary to
postintubation tracheal injury. The management of COVID-19 patients can be challenging due to the risk of disease transmission to caregivers and epidemic spread. We performed a bedside tracheal injury surgical repair, after failure of conservative management,
with resolution of pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema and improvement of the patient's conditions. |
|
Basu, A, Sarkar, et al |
Sci Rep |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
In this paper five phytochemicals, which belong to flavonoid and anthraquinone subclass, have been selected as small
molecules in molecular docking study of spike protein of SARS-CoV2 with its human receptor ACE2 molecule. Their molecular binding sites on spike protein bound structure with its receptor have been analyzed. From this analysis, hesperidin, emodin and chrysin
are selected as competent natural products from both Indian and Chinese medicinal plants, to treat COVID-19. Among them, the phytochemical hesperidin can bind with ACE2 protein and bound structure of ACE2 protein and spike protein of SARS-CoV2 noncompetitively.
The binding sites of ACE2 protein for spike protein and hesperidin, are located in different parts of ACE2 protein. Ligand spike protein causes conformational change in three-dimensional structure of protein ACE2, which is confirmed by molecular docking and
molecular dynamics studies. This compound modulates the binding energy of bound structure of ACE2 and spike protein. This result indicates that due to presence of hesperidin, the bound structure of ACE2 and spike protein fragment becomes unstable. As a result,
this natural product can impart antiviral activity in SARS CoV2 infection. The antiviral activity of these five natural compounds are further experimentally validated with QSAR study. |
|
|
Impact of clade specific mutations on structural fidelity
of SARS-CoV-2 proteins |
Basu, Souradip, Mukhopadhyay, et al |
bioRxiv |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
In this work we analyse the effect of prevalent mutations in the major pathogenesis related proteins of SARS-COV2 and
attempt to pinpoint the effects of those mutations on the structural stability of the proteins. Our observations and analysis direct us to identify that all the major mutations have a negative impact in context of stability of the viral proteins under study
and the mutant proteins suffer both structural and functional alterations as a result of the mutations. Our binary scoring scheme identifies L84S mutation in ORF8 as the most disruptive of the mutations under study. We believe that, the virus is under the
influence of an evolutionary phenomenon similar to Muller s ratchet where the continuous accumulation of these mutations is making the virus less virulent which may also explain the reduction in fatality rates worldwide. |
|
SARS-CoV-2 infection among patients with multiple
sclerosis; A cross-sectional study |
Bayat, Mahnaz, Fayyazpoor, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
In this study, we evaluated the infection rate and the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with multiple sclerosis
(MS). One thousand and three hundred and sixty one MS patients from Fars province, south of Iran, were interviewed by phone from April 3 to June 20, 2020. 68 (5%) of MS patients were suspected cases and 8 (0.58%) of all patients with positive RT-PCR or chest
CT were in the confirmed group. 5 cases of the confirmed group needed hospitalization. Two patients died while both of them had PPMS and were taking rituximab. The frequency rate of suspected cases with RRMS was 57 (87.7%), followed by PPMS 5 (7.7%) and CIS
2(3.1%). In the confirmed group 37.5% had RRMS, 50% had PPMS, 25% use corticosteroid drug, and 50% were on rituximab. 62.5% of confirmed cases had high disability level and need assistance to walk. 36.8% of suspected and 25% of the confirmed cases were on
IFN-β1; eventually all of them recovered well from COVID-19 infection. |
|
Biancovilli, Priscila, Jurberg, et al |
medRxiv |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
In this study, we examine the agenda-setting, media frame and content of misinformation published on COVID-19. We analysed
232 pieces of misinformation. Most were published on Facebook (76%), followed by Whatsapp, with 10% of total cases. Half of the stories (47%) are classified as real-life, that is, the focus is on everyday situations, or circumstances involving people. Regarding
the type of misinformation, there is a preponderance of fabricated content, with 53% of total, followed by false context (34%) and misleading content (13%). Wrong information was mostly published in text format (47%). We discuss the influence that misinformation
can have on the behaviour of the Brazilian population during the pandemic and how the media's agenda-setting is influenced by false information published on social media. |
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Supporting Austria through the COVID-19 Epidemics
with a Forecast-Based Early Warning System |
Bicher, Martin, Zuba, et al |
medRxiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
We consolidated the output of three independent epidemiological models (ranging from agent-based micro simulation to
parsimonious compartmental models) and published weekly short-term forecasts for the number of confirmed cases as well as estimates and upper bounds for the required hospital beds. Here, we report our four key contributions by which our forecasting and reporting
system has helped shaping Austria's policy to navigate the crisis and re-open the country step-wise, namely (i) when and where case numbers are expected to peak during the first wave, (ii) how to safely re-open the country after passing this peak, (iii) how
to evaluate the effects of non-pharmaceutical interventions and (iv) provide hospital managers guidance to plan health-care capacities. |
|
PMC7561528; Learning from SARS: Return and Volatility Connectedness in COVID-19 |
Bissoondoyal-Bheenick, E, Do, et al |
Financ Res Lett |
Economics | Économie |
Using a sample of the G20 countries, we examine the impact of COVID-19 on stock return and volatility connectedness,
and whether the connectedness measures behave differently for countries with SARS 2003 experience. We find that both stock return and volatility connectedness increase across the phases of the COVID-19 pandemic which is more more pronounced as the severity
of the pandemic builds up. However, the degree of connectedness is significantly lower in countries with SARS 2003 death experience. Our results are robust to different measures of COVID-19 severity and controlling for a number of cross-country differences
in economic development. |
|
Blanch-Rubió, J, Soldevila-Domenech, et al |
Aging (Albany NY) |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
We conducted a cross-sectional study of 2,102 patients being treated at the Rheumatology Service of Hospital del Mar
(Barcelona, Spain). In our cohort, COVID-19 cumulative incidence from March 1 to May 3, 2020 was compared to population estimates for the same city. We used Poisson regression models to determine the adjusted relative risk ratios for COVID-19 associated with
different treatments and comorbidities. Denosumab, zoledronate and calcium were negatively associated with COVID-19 incidence. Some analgesics, particularly pregabalin and most of the studied antidepressants, were positively associated with COVID-19 incidence,
whereas duloxetine presented a negative association. Oral bisphosphonates, vitamin D, thiazide diuretics, anti-hypertensive drugs and chronic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs had no effect on COVID-19 incidence in the studied population. Our results provide
novel evidence to support the maintenance of the main anti-osteoporosis treatments in COVID-19 patients, which may be of particular relevance to elderly patients affected by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. |
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|
Bodas, M, Peleg, et al |
Isr J Health Policy Res |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
A cohort study of the adult population of Israel was conducted in two time points during the COVID-19 outbreak, the
last week of February and the third week of March 2020, in order to assess public attitudes. The results suggest that public attitudes changed as the threat increased, making people more compliant with regulations. In February 2020, compliance rate for self-quarantine
dropped from 94% to less than 57% when monetary compensation for lost wages was removed; however, in March 2020 this drop became more moderate (from 96 to 71%). The multivariate logistic regression revealed that older, non-Jewish, worried over COVID-19, and
trusting the Ministry of Health were more likely than their counterparts to comply with self-isolation, even when monetary compensation was not assumed. |
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Impact of COVID-19 in gynecologic oncology: a Nationwide Italian Survey of the SIGO
and MITO groups |
Bogani, G, Apolone, et al |
J Gynecol Oncol |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
This survey aimed to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on clinical activity of gynecologist oncologists and to assess
the implementation of containment measures against COVID-19 diffusion. Overall, 604 participants completed the questionnaire with a response-rate of 70%. The results of this survey suggest that gynecologic oncology units had set a proactive approach to COVID-19
outbreak. Triage methods were adopted in order to minimize in-hospital diffusion of COVID-19. Only 38% of gynecologic surgeons were concerned about COVID-19 outbreak. Although 73% of the participants stated that COVID-19 has not significantly modified their
everyday practice, 21% declared a decrease of the use of laparoscopy in favor of open surgery (19%). However, less than 50% of surgeons adopted specific protection against COVID-19. Additionally, responders suggested to delay cancer treatment (10%-15%), and
to perform less radical surgical procedures (20%-25%) during COVID-19 pandemic. |
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A Study on the Effects of Containment Policies and
Vaccination on the Spread of SARS-CoV-2 |
Bokharaie, Vahid |
medRxiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Public health interventions*| Interventions
de santé publique |
This paper presents a method to predict the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 in a population with a known age-structure, and
then, to quantify the effects of various containment policies, including those policies that affect each age-group differently. The model itself is a compartmental model in which each compartment is divided into a number of age-groups. The parameter of the
model are estimated using an optimisation scheme and some known results from the theory of monotone systems such that the model output agrees with some collected data on the spread of SARS-CoV-2. To highlight the strengths of this framework, a few case studies
are presented in which different populations are subjected to different containment strategies. They include cases in which the containment policies switch between scenarios with different levels of severity. Then a case study on herd immunity due to vaccination
is presented. And then it is shown how we can use this framework to optimality distribute a limited number of vaccine units in a given population to maximise their impact and lower the total number of infectious individuals. |
|
Bosch, Jürgen, Wilson, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
We have designed a COVID-19 dashboard with the goal of providing concise sets of summarized data presentations to simplify
interpretation of basic statistics and location-specific current and short-term future risks of infection. COVID-19Predict produces 2,100 daily predictions or calculations on the state level (50 States x3 models x7 days x2 cases and deaths) and 131,964 (3,142
Counties x3 models x7 days x2 cases and deaths) on the county level. To assess how robust our models have performed in making short-term predictions over the course of the pandemic, we used available case data for all 50 U.S. states spanning the period January
20 - August 16 2020 in a retrospective analysis. Results showed a 3.7% to -0.2% mean error of deviation from the actual case predictions to date. |
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|
Bramley, JohnC, Waligorski, et al |
medRxiv |
Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes |
Distributed 'Point-of-Care' or 'at-Home' testing is an important component for a complete suite of testing solutions.
This manuscript describes the construction and operation of a platform technology designed to meet this need. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic will be used as the proof-of-concept for the efficacy and deployment of this platform. The technology outlined consists
of a one-pot, reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) chemistry coupled with a low-cost and user-assembled reader using saliva as input. This platform is readily adapted to a wide range of pathogens due to the genetic basis of
the reaction. A complete guide to the construction of the reader as well as the production of the reaction chemistry are provided here. Additionally, analytical limit of detection data and the results from saliva testing of SARS-CoV-2, are presented. The platform
technology outlined here demonstrates a rapid, distributed, molecular point-of-care solution for pathogen detection using crude sample input. |
|
|
Modelling the dispersion of SARS-CoV-2 on a dynamic
network graph |
Bryant, Patrick, Elofsson, et al |
medRxiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
To account for the impact of social network structure on epidemic development, we model the dispersion of SARS-CoV-2
on a dynamic preferential attachment graph which changes appearance proportional to observed mobility changes. The impact of movement on network dynamics plays a crucial role in the spread of infections. We find that higher movement results in higher spread
due to an increased probability of new connections being made within a social network. We show that saturation in the dispersion can be reached much earlier on a preferential attachment graph compared to spread on a random graph, which is more similar to estimations
using R0. |
|
Bui, LinhT, Winters, et al |
bioRxiv |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
This study aimed to identify molecular characteristics of diseased lung epithelial and immune cells that may account
for worse COVID-19 outcomes in patients with chronic lung diseases. We analyzed the transcriptomes of 605,904 single cells isolated from healthy (79 samples) and diseased human lungs (31 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), 82 idiopathic pulmonary
fibrosis (IPF) and 18 non-IPF interstitial lung disease samples). Cellular distribution and relative expression of SARS-CoV-2 entry factors (ACE2, TMPRSS2) was similar in disease and control lungs. Epithelial cells isolated from diseased lungs expressed higher
levels of genes linked directly to efficiency of viral replication and the innate immune response. Unique ACE2-correlated gene sets were identified for each diagnosis group in the type II alveolar cells. Diseased lungs have a significant increase in the proportion
of CD4, CD8 and NK cells compared to control lungs. Components of the interferon pathway, the IL6 cytokine pathway and the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II genes are upregulated in several diseased immune cell types. These differences in inflammatory
gene expression programs highlight how chronic lung disease alters the inflammatory microenvironment encountered upon viral exposure to the peripheral lung. |
|
|
Butt, Julia, Murugan, et al |
medRxiv |
Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes |
We therefore aimed at developing a fluorescent-bead based SARS-CoV-2 multiplex serology assay for detection of antibody
responses to the SARS-CoV-2 proteome. Methods: Proteins of the SARS-CoV-2 proteome and protein N of SARS-CoV-1 and common cold Coronaviruses (ccCoVs) were recombinantly expressed in E. coli or HEK293 cells. Assay performance was assessed in a Covid-19 case
cohort (n=48 hospitalized patients from Heidelberg) as well as n=85 age- and sex-matched pre-pandemic controls from the ESTHER study. Results: A sensitivity of 100% (95% CI: 86%-100%) was achieved in Covid-19 patients 14 days post symptom onset with dual
sero-positivity to SARS-CoV-2 N and the receptor-binding domain of the spike protein. The specificity obtained with this algorithm was 100% (95% CI: 96%-100%). Antibody responses to ccCoVs N were abundantly high and did not correlate with those to SARS-CoV-2
N. |
|
|
Cai, Q, Du, et al |
BMC Med Imaging |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection
d'agents pathogènes |
Our purpose is to assess a model based on chest computed tomography (CT) radiomic features and clinical characteristics
to predict RT-PCR negativity during clinical treatment. METHODS: From February 10 to March 10, 2020, 203 mild COVID-19 patients in Fangcang Shelter Hospital were retrospectively included (training: n = 141; testing: n = 62), and clinical characteristics were
collected. Lung abnormalities on chest CT images were segmented with a deep learning algorithm. CT quantitative features and radiomic features were automatically extracted. RESULTS: The RT-PCR-negative group had a longer time interval from symptom onset to
CT exams than the RT-PCR-positive group. In addition to the time interval from symptom onset to CT exams, nine CT radiomic features were selected for the model. ROC curve analysis revealed AUCs of 0.811 and 0.812 for differentiating the RT-PCR-negative group,
with sensitivity/specificity of 0.765/0.625 and 0.784/0.600 in the training and testing datasets, respectively. |
|
|
Outcome of COVID-19 in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia receiving tyrosine
kinase inhibitors |
Cakir, B |
J Oncol Pharm Pract |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Full text not available |
|
COVID-19 IN CHILDREN WITH RHEUMATIC DISEASES (RD)
IN THE SPANISH NATIONAL COHORT EPICO-AEP |
Calvo, Cristina, Remesal, et al |
medRxiv |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We aimed to describe the prevalence of patients with RD and their complications among children admitted with COVID-19
in the Spanish national cohort EPICO-AEP; a multicenter prospective national study. Methods: Children <18 years old with RD and COVID-19 enrolled in EPICO-AEP were included in this study. Results: The diagnosis related with COVID-19 were febrile syndrome and/or
upper respiratory infection (4 cases) and pneumonia (4 cases). Children with RD have accounted for 2.2% of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in our series. The evolution has been moderately favorable, with one deceased. |
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Neuropilin-1 facilitates SARS-CoV-2 cell entry and infectivity |
Cantuti-Castelvetri, L, Ojha, et al |
Science |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
Here, we found that neuropilin-1 (NRP1), known to bind furin-cleaved substrates, significantly potentiates SARS-CoV-2
infectivity, an effect blocked by a monoclonal blocking antibody against NRP1. A SARS-CoV-2 mutant with an altered furin cleavage site did not depend on NRP1 for infectivity. Pathological analysis of human COVID-19 autopsies revealed SARS-CoV-2 infected cells
including olfactory neuronal cells facing the nasal cavity positive for NRP1. Our data provide insight into SARS-CoV-2 cell infectivity and define a potential target for antiviral intervention. |
|
Why do per capita COVID-19 Case Rates Differ Between
U.S. States? |
Chambless, Lloyd |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
The purpose of this paper is to present a thorough analysis of these issues. Design and Methods: State-specific COVID-19
cases per 100,000 people was the main outcome studied, with explanatory variables from Bureau of Census surveys, including percentages of the state population that were Hispanic, black, below poverty level, had at least a bachelor's degree, or were uninsured,
along with median age, median income, population density, and degree of urbanization. We also included political party in power as an explanatory variable in multiple linear regression. The units of analysis in this study are the 50 U.S. states. Results:
In a forward stepwise procedure in a multivariable model for case rate, percentages of the state population that were Hispanic or black, median age, median income, population density, and (residual) percentage poverty were retained as statistically significant
and explained 62% of the variation between states in case rates. In a model with political party in power included, along with any additional variables that notably affected the adjusted association between party in power and case rate, 69% of the variance
between states in case rates was explained, and adjusted case rates per 100,000 people were 2155 for states with Democratic governments, 2269 for states with mixed governments, and 2738 for Republican-led states. |
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Biomimetic Virus-like Particles as SARS-CoV-2 Positive
Controls for RT-PCR Diagnostics |
Chan, Soo Khim, Du, et al |
medRxiv |
Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes |
we report the production of biomimetic virus-like particles (VLPs) as SARS-CoV-2 positive controls. A SARS-CoV-2 detection
module for RT-PCR was encapsidated into VLPs from a bacteriophage and a plant virus. The chimeric VLPs were obtained either by in vivo reconstitution and co-expression of the target detection module and coat proteins or by in vitro assembly of purified detection
module RNA sequences and coat proteins. These VLP-based positive controls mimic SARS-CoV-2 packaged RNA while being non-infectious. Most importantly, we demonstrated that the positive controls are scalable, stable, and can serve broadly as controls, from RNA
extraction to PCR in clinical settings. |
|
Chang, Hsien-Yen, Tang, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique |
We aimed to quantify the differential impact of stay-at-home policy on COVID-19 transmission and residents mobility
across neighborhoods of different levels of socioeconomic disadvantage. Methods This was a comparative interrupted time-series analysis at the county level. We included 2,087 counties from 38 states which both implemented and lifted the state-wide stay-at-home
order. We used the Social Distancing Index, derived from the COVID-19 Impact Analysis Platform, to measure the social distancing practice. For the evaluation of implementation, the observation started from Mar 1 2020 to one day before lifting; and, for lifting,
it ranged from one day after implementation to Jul 5 2020. Results On both stay-at-home implementation and lifting dates, COVID-19 prevalence was much higher among counties with the highest or lowest disadvantage level, while mobility decreased as the disadvantage
level increased. Mobility of the most disadvantaged counties was least impacted by stay-at-home implementation and relaxation compared to counties with the most resources; however, disadvantaged counties experienced the largest relative increase in COVID-19
infection after both stay-at-home implementation and relaxation. |
|
|
Chelo, D, Mekone Nkwelle, et al |
Fetal Pediatr Pathol |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
The aim of this study was to unveil the consequences of this pandemic on hospitalizations and on mortality in a pediatric
hospital. Methods: A descriptive and retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out using hospitalization and death statistics collected from a pediatric hospital. We compared the data before and after the pandemic and made predictions for the next 12 months.
Results: A drastic drop in hospitalizations was noted coinciding with the partial lockdown in Cameroon. Paradoxically, at the same time, the number of deaths per month doubled though the causes remained the same as in the past |
|
|
COVID-19 and household energy implications: what are the main impacts on energy
use? |
Cheshmehzangi, A |
Heliyon |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
This study explores the impacts of COVID-19 on household energy use. The samples are from 352 households and particularly
focus on primary energy use in three periods of pre-pandemic (and pre-lockdown), start of COVID-19 outbreak and lockdown, and post lockdown. Each period is identified as a timeframe of 2.5 months, from November 2019 to late June 2020. The results from the
study highlight a variety of impacts on household energy use as well as prolonged impacts on transportation use. The results are summarized in three sections focused on major impacts on transportation use (comparison between private and public modes), cooking
and entertainment, heating/cooling and lighting. The results could provide early suggestions for cities/regions that are experiencing longer lockdown. |
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The Impact of COVID-19 on the Use of Radiology Resources in a Tertiary Hospital |
Cho, J, Lee, et al |
J Korean Med Sci |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
We measured the influence COVID-19 had on the use of radiology resources in terms of the number of examinations performed,
and turnaround time for portable radiography. This study was conducted at a tertiary hospital located in area where the prevalence of COVID-19 infection was low (0.01%). We compared the number of radiology examinations 1) before pandemic (in 2019) vs. during
peak of pandemic (January to March 2020), and 2) before pandemic vs. after the peak of pandemic (April to June 2020) via t-tests. Results: Although not statistically significant, the daily number of examinations during the peak of pandemic decreased by 9
percentage points. The percentage change was especially notable for children, emergency, and screening department. After the peak of the pandemic, the number of examinations increased back to near the pre-pandemic level. |
|
Chua, Felix, Vancheeswaran, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Multivariate regression with bootstrapping was used to identify independent mortality predictors in a derivation cohort
of COVID-19 patients. Predictions were externally validated in a large random sample of the ISARIC cohort and a smaller cohort from Aintree. Results Through sequential modelling, a 5-predictor score termed SOARS (SpO2, Obesity, Age, Respiratory rate, Stroke
history) was developed to correlate COVID-19 severity across low, moderate and high strata of mortality risk. The score discriminated well for in-hospital death, with area under the receiver operating characteristic values of 0.82, 0.80 and 0.74 in the derivation,
Aintree and ISARIC validation cohorts respectively. Prediction of a non-fatal outcome in this group was accompanied by high score sensitivity (99.2%) and negative predictive value (95.9%). |
|
|
Clinical symptoms among ambulatory patients tested
for SARS-CoV-2 |
Chung, Jessie, Kim, et al |
medRxiv |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We compared symptoms and characteristics of 4961 ambulatory patients with and without laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2
infection. At the study sites of the US Flu VE Network in Michigan, Pennsylvania, Texas, Washington, and Wisconsin, research staff screened for study eligibility among persons of all ages who had sought medical care and/or COVID-19 testing for an acute respiratory
illness. Respiratory specimens were tested for SARS-CoV-2 RNA using reverse-transcription |
|
Clift, AK, Coupland, et al |
Bmj |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
OBJECTIVE: To derive and validate a risk prediction algorithm to estimate hospital admission and mortality outcomes
from coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) in adults. DESIGN: Population based cohort study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: QResearch database, comprising 1205 general practices in England with linkage to covid-19 test results, Hospital Episode Statistics, and death
registry data. 6.08 million adults aged 19-100 years were included in the derivation dataset and 2.17 million in the validation dataset. The derivation and first validation cohort period was 24 January 2020 to 30 April 2020. The second temporal validation
cohort covered the period 1 May 2020 to 30 June 2020. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome was time to death from covid-19, defined as death due to confirmed or suspected covid-19 as per the death certification or death occurring in a person with confirmed
severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in the period 24 January to 30 April 2020. The secondary outcome was time to hospital admission with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. RESULTS: The final risk algorithms included age, ethnicity,
deprivation, body mass index, and a range of comorbidities. The algorithm had good calibration in the first validation cohort. For deaths from covid-19 in men, it explained 73.1% of the variation in time to death. Similar results were obtained for women,
for both outcomes, and in both time periods. In the top 5% of patients with the highest predicted risks of death, the sensitivity for identifying deaths within 97 days was 75.7%. People in the top 20% of predicted risk of death accounted for 94% of all deaths
from covid-19. |
|
|
Coate, KatieC, Cha, et al |
bioRxiv |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
To define ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression in the human pancreas, we examined six transcriptional datasets from primary
human islet cells and assessed protein expression by immunofluorescence in pancreata from donors with and without diabetes. ACE2 and TMPRSS2 transcripts were low or undetectable in pancreatic islet endocrine cells as determined by bulk or single cell RNA sequencing,
and neither protein was detected in alpha or beta cells from these donors. Instead, ACE2 protein was expressed in the islet and exocrine tissue microvasculature and also found in a subset of pancreatic ducts, whereas TMPRSS2 protein was restricted to ductal
cells. The absence of significant ACE2 and TMPRSS2 co-expression in islet endocrine cells reduces the likelihood that SARS-CoV-2 directly infects pancreatic islet beta cells through these cell entry proteins. |
|
|
Cotugno, Nicola, Ruggiero, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Immunology | Immunologie |
We analyzed anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (Ab) and their neutralizing activity (PRNT) in 42 COVID-19-infected children
7 days after symptoms onset. Individuals with specific humoral responses presented faster virus clearance, and lower viral load associated to a reduced in vitro infectivity. We demonstrated that the frequencies of SARS-CoV-2 specific CD4-CD40L+ T-cells and
Spike specific B-cells were associated with the anti-SARS-CoV-2 Ab and the magnitude of neutralizing activity. The plasma proteome confirmed the association between cellular and humoral SARS-CoV-2 immunity, with PRNT+ patients showing higher viral signal transduction
molecules (SLAMF1, CD244, CLEC4G). |
|
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Urban Flight Seeded the COVID-19 Pandemic Across the United States |
Coven, Joshua, Gupta, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
We document large-scale urban flight in the United States in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. Populations that flee
are disproportionately younger, whiter, and wealthier. Regions that saw migrant influx experience greater subsequent COVID-19 case growth, suggesting that urban flight was a vector of disease spread. Urban residents fled to socially connected areas, consistent
with the notion that individuals were sheltering with friends and family or in second homes. The association of migration and subsequent case growth persists when instrumenting for migration with social networks, pointing to a causal association. We observe
large migration responses by individuals living in major urban areas. In New York City, for instance, as much as 15-20% of Manhattan had fled by the middle of the summer in 2020. |
|
Cramer, Amanda, Goodman, et al |
medRxiv |
Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes |
The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance characteristics of early commercial SARS-CoV-2 antibody
assays in mild and asymptomatic subjects to enable the selection of suitable serological assays for routine diagnostic use within HCA Healthcare UK. METHODS We used serum samples from a pre-Covid era patient cohort (n=50, pre-December 2019), designated SARS-CoV-2
negative, and serum samples from a SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR-positive cohort (n=90) taken > 14 days post symptom onset (April-May 2020). We evaluated 6 ELISA assays including one confirmation assay to investigate antibody specificity. RESULTS The ELISA specificities
ranged from 84-100%, with sensitivities ranging from 75.3-90.0%. The LFIA showed 100% specificity and 80% sensitivity using smaller sample numbers. The Roche CLIA immunoassay showed 100% specificity and 90.7% sensitivity. When used in conjunction, the Euroimmun
nucleocapsid (NC) and spike-1 (S1) IgG ELISA assays had a sensitivity of 95.6%. The confirmation IgG assay showed 92.6% of samples tested contained both NC and S1 antibodies, 32.7% had NC, S1 and S2 and 0% had either S1 or S2 only. |
|
|
Czasonis, Megan, Kritzman, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
The authors model COVID infections and COVID deaths, both reported and implied, for the 50 U.S. states as well as the
District of Columbia, and separately for a sample of 33 countries, as a function of pre-existing circumstances that citizens have no ability to control over the short term. Our data covers the period from May 23, 2020 to September 12, 2020. These models give
predictions of expected COVID outcomes: new cases, reported cases and implied deaths. They then compare their model’s predicted results with actual experience. They interpret the differences between actual experiences and the predictions across the jurisdictions
as the COVID outcomes attributable to the behavior of citizens. Our choice of explanatory variables – education, age, politics, and density – did an excellent job of explaining differences in COVID outcomes across these jurisdictions. Within the U.S., Florida
stands out as having much worse COVID outcomes than it should have experienced owing to the discretionary behavior of its citizens. |
|
|
Clinical course of COVID-19 patients needing supplemental oxygen outside
the intensive care unit |
Daher, Ayham, Balfanz, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
This study describes the diagnosis, symptoms, treatment and outcomes of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 needing
oxygen support during their stay on regular ward. Methods: All 133 patients admitted to the RWTH Aachen university hospital with the diagnosis of COVID-19 were included in an observational registry. Clinical data sets were extracted from the hospital information
system. This analysis includes all 57 patients requiring supplemental oxygen not admitted to the ICU. Results: 57 patients needing supplemental oxygen and being treated outside the ICU were analyzed. Patients exhibited the typical set of symptoms for COVID-19.
Of note, hypoxic patients mostly did not suffer from clinically relevant dyspnea despite oxygen saturations below 92 %. Patients had fever for 7 [2-11] days and needed supplemental oxygen for 8 [5-13] days resulting in an overall hospitalization time of 12
[7-20] days. In addition, patients had persisting systemic inflammation with CRP levels remaining elevated until discharge or death. |
|
An agent-based model of spread of a pandemic with
validation using COVID-19 data from New York State |
Datta, Amitava, Winkelstein, et al |
medRxiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
We introduce a simple agent based model where each agent carries an effective viral load that captures the instantaneous
state of infection of the agent and simulate the spread of a pandemic and subsequently validate it by using publicly available COVID-19 data. Our simulation tracks the temporal evolution of a virtual city or community of agents in terms of contracting infection,
recovering asymptomatically, or getting hospitalized. The virtual community is divided into family groups with 2-6 individuals in each group. We initially seed the virtual community with a very small number of infected individuals and then monitor the disease
spread and hospitalization over a period of fifty days, which is a typical time-frame for the initial spread of a pandemic. Our simulation results are consistent with the publicly available hospitalization and ICU patient data from different communities of
varying sizes in New York state. Our model can predict the trend in epidemic spread and hospitalization from a set of simple parameters and could be potentially useful in exploring strategies to keep a community safe. |
|
A scalable tool for adjudication of time sensitive cases during COVID-19 pandemic |
Davis, SS, J, et al |
Surg Endosc |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
A resource to objectively prioritize and track time sensitive cases would be useful as an adjunct to clinical decision-making.
METHODS: A multidisciplinary working group at Emory Healthcare developed and implemented an adjudication tool for the prioritization of time sensitive surgeries. Implementation of the prioritization was accomplished with a database design to streamline needed
communication between surgeons and surgical adjudicators. All patients who underwent time sensitive surgery between 4/10/20 and 6/15/20 across 5 campuses were included. RESULTS: The primary outcomes of interest were calculated patient prioritization score
and number of days until operation. 1767 cases were adjudicated during the specified time period. The distribution of prioritization scores was normal, such that real-time adjustment of the empiric algorithm was not required. On retrospective review, as the
patient prioritization score increased, the number of days to the operating room decreased. This confirmed the functionality of the tool and provided a framework for organization across multiple campuses. |
|
de Andrade, J, Bruno Gonçalves, et al |
Chembiochem |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
Our in silico study discusses crucial structural and thermodynamic aspects of the interactions involving RBDs from
the SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 with the hACE2. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations explained why the chemical affinity of the new SARS-CoV-2 for hACE2 is much higher than in the case of SARS-CoV, revealing an intricate pattern of hydrogen bonds
and hydrophobic interactions and estimating a free energy of binding, consistently much more negative in the case of SARS-CoV-2. This work presents a chemical reason for the difficulty in treating the SARS-CoV-2 virus using drugs targeting its Spike Protein
and helps to explain its infectiousness. |
|
|
De Angelis, G, Posteraro, et al |
BMC Infect Dis |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We aimed to compare clinical features of 165 Italian patients with laboratory confirmed or unconfirmed 2019-nCoV pneumonia.
At multivariable analysis, higher concentrations of hemoglobin (OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.11-1.65; P = 0.003) and lower counts of leukocytes (OR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.72-0.90; P < 0.001) were statistically associated with confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis. While mortality
rates were similar, patients with confirmed diagnosis were more likely to receive antivirals (95% vs 19.6%, P < 0.001) and to develop ARDS (63% vs 37%, P = 0.003) than those with unconfirmed COVID-19 diagnosis. |
|
|
De Sousa, LE, Neto, et al |
Physical Review E |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health
interventions*| Interventions de santé publique Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
Authors propose a kinetic Monte Carlo epidemic model that focuses on demography and on age-structured mobility data
to simulate the evolution of the COVID-19 outbreak in the capital of Brazil, Brasilia, under several scenarios of mobility restriction. We show that the distribution of epidemic outcomes can be divided into short-lived mild outbreaks and longer severe ones.
We demonstrate that quarantines have the effect of reducing the probability of a severe outbreak taking place but are unable to mitigate the magnitude of these outbreaks once they happen. |
|
|
SI epidemic model applied to COVID-19 data in mainland
China |
Demongeot, Jacques, Griette, et al |
medRxiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Transmission |
This method provides a way to compute the parameters at the early stage of the epidemic. Authors use the Bernoulli-Verhulst
model as a phenomenological model to fit the data and derive some result on the parameters identification. The last part of the paper is devoted to some numerical Algorithms to fit a daily piecewise constant rate of transmission. |
|
Clinical Outcomes of Covid-19 in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Nationwide
Cohort Study |
Derikx, Laap, Lantinga, et al |
J Crohns Colitis |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We aimed to assess the clinical presentation, disease course and outcomes of COVID-19 in IBD patients. Second, we determined
COVID-19 incidences in IBD patients and compared this with the general population. Incidences of COVID-19 between the IBD study cohort and the general population were comparable (287.6 (95% CI 236.6-349.7) versus 333.0 (95% CI 329.3-336.7) per 100,000 patients,
respectively; p = 0.15). Of 100 cases with IBD and COVID-19, 20% developed severe COVID-19, 59% was hospitalized and 13% died. |
|
Dewa, Lindsay Helen, Crandell, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
The study aim was to examine the mental health status and coping strategies of young people (aged 16-24) during and
after COVID-19 lockdown using co-production methodology. Young people identifying as Black/Black British ethnicity in our study had the highest increased odds of experiencing poor mental health. Logistic regression showed behavioral disengagement, self-blame
and substance misuse coping strategies, negative affect, sleep problems and reduced conscientiousness were all significantly associated with poor mental health. On average, young people’s mental health has significantly worsened since lockdown, and dysfunctional
coping strategies are associated with this. However, young people have found innovative and adaptive ways to cope, including distraction and having a good routine. |
|
|
PMC7557201; Study of global dynamics of COVID-19 via a new mathematical model |
Din, RU, Seadawy, et al |
Results Phys |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
The theme of this paper focuses on the mathematical modeling and transmission mechanism of the new Coronavirus shortly
noted as (COVID-19), endangering the lives of people and causing a great menace to the world recently. We used a new type epidemic model composed on four compartments that is susceptible, exposed, infected and recovered (SEIR), which describes the dynamics
of COVID-19 under convex incidence rate. We simulate the results by using nonstandard finite difference method (NSFDS) which is a powerful numerical tool. We describe the new model on some random data and then by the available data of a particular regions
of Subcontinents. |
|
Development of humanized tri-specific nanobodies with potent neutralization for
SARS-CoV-2 |
Dong, J, Huang, et al |
Sci Rep |
Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
In this study we used computer-aided design to construct multi-specific VHH antibodies fused to human IgG1 Fc domains
based on the epitope predictions for leading VHHs. The resulting tri-specific VHH-Fc antibodies show more potent S1 binding, S1/ACE2 blocking, and SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus neutralization than the bi-specific VHH-Fcs or combination of individual monoclonal VHH-Fcs.
Protein stability analysis of the VHH-Fcs shows favorable developability features, which enable them to be quickly and successfully developed into therapeutics against COVID-19. |
|
Drissi, N, Alhmoudi, et al |
JMIR Form Res |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
The objectives of this study were to assess the psychological effects of the lockdown due to the COVID-19 outbreak
on university students in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The results of the GHQ-12 analysis showed that the students were experiencing psychological issues related to depression and anxiety as well as social dysfunction. The results also revealed a lack of
awareness of mental health care apps and uncertainty regarding the use of such apps. Approximately one-third of the participants (44/154, 28.6%) suggested preferred functionalities and characteristics of mobile mental health care apps, such as affordable price,
simple design, ease of use, web-based therapy, communication with others experiencing the same issues, and tracking of mental status. |
|
|
A placebo-controlled double blind trial of hydroxychloroquine
in mild-to-moderate COVID-19 |
Dubee, Vincent, Roy, et al |
medRxiv |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Therapeutics| Thérapeutique RCT |
The efficacy of hydroxychloroquine in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains controversial. We conducted a multicentre
randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial evaluating hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19 patients. The intention-to-treat population comprised 123 and 124 patients in the placebo and hydroxychloroquine groups, respectively. The median age was 77 years and
151 patients required oxygen therapy. The primary endpoint occurred in nine patients in the hydroxychloroquine group and eight patients in the placebo group (relative risk 1.12; 95% confidence interval 0.45-2.80; P=0.82). No difference was observed between
the two groups in any of the secondary endpoints. |
|
Eisa, M, Kennedy, et al |
Am J Gastroenterol |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
This study describes two cases of SARS-COV-2 Infection in patients with alcohol-associated hepatitis describing similar
clinical characteristics and treatment options. |
|
|
El Solh, AliA, Meduri, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
The objective of the study is to delineate the clinical profile, predictors of disease progression, and 30-day mortality
from ARDS using the Veterans Affairs Corporate Data Warehouse. Among those hospitalized for COVID-19, nearly one in ten progressed to ARDS. Septic shock, and acute renal failure are the leading causes of death in these patients. Treatment with either remdesivir
and corticosteroids reduced the risk of mortality from ARDS. All hospitalized patients with COVID-19 should be placed at a minimum on prophylactic doses of anticoagulation. |
|
|
Emirik, M |
J Biomol Struct Dyn |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
The results of this study are suggesting that turmeric spice have a potential to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 vital proteins
and can be use a therapeutic or protective agent against SARS-CoV-2 via inhibiting key protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The compound 4, 23 and 6 are the most prominent inhibitor for the main protease, the spike glycoprotein and RNA polymerase of virus, respectively. |
|
|
Faes, C, Abrams, et al |
Int J Environ Res Public Health |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We investigate the time from symptom onset to diagnosis and hospitalization or the length of stay (LoS) in the hospital,
and whether there are differences in the population. The time between symptom onset and hospitalization or diagnosis are similar, with median length between symptom onset and hospitalization ranging between 3 and 10.4 days, depending on the age of the patient
(longest delay in age group 20-60 years) and whether or not the patient lives in a nursing home (additional 2 days for patients from nursing home). The median LoS in hospital varies between 3 and 10.4 days, with the LoS increasing with age. The hospital LoS
for patients that recover is shorter for patients living in a nursing home, but the time to death is longer for these patients. Over the course of the first wave, the LoS has decreased. |
|
|
Suicide Deaths during the Stay-at-Home Advisory in
Massachusetts |
Faust, Jeremy, Shah, et al |
medRxiv |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
This was an observational cohort study that assembled suicide death data for persons aged 10 years or older from the
Massachusetts Department of Health Registry of Vital Records and Statistics from January 2015 through May 2020. The observed number of suicide deaths during the stay-at-home period did not deviate from ARIMA projected expectations using either preliminary
data or an alternate scenario in which deaths pending investigation (exceeding the average remaining number of deaths still pending investigation which occurred during the corresponding 2015-2019 period) were ascribed to suicide. |
|
MCCS: a novel recognition pattern-based method for fast track discovery of anti-SARS-CoV-2
drugs |
Feng, Z, Chen, et al |
Brief Bioinform |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
Our novel in silico approach, which overcomes limitations, can be utilized to quickly evaluate FDA-approved drugs for
repurposing and combination, as well as designing new chemical agents with therapeutic potential for COVID-19. In addition, we also propose three antidiabetic drugs (acarbose, glyburide and tolazamide) for the potential treatment of COVID-19. Finally, we
apply our new virus chemogenomics knowledgebase platform with the integrated machine-learning computing algorithms to identify the potential drug combinations (e.g. remdesivir+chloroquine), which are congruent with ongoing clinical trials. |
|
Fernandes, Ventura BiancaH, Feitosa, et al |
bioRxiv |
Vaccine Research| Recherche sur les vaccins Immunology | Immunologie Animal model |
Modèle animal |
Based on the advantages of using zebrafish as a model in research, herein we suggest doing this to test the safety
of the putative vaccine candidates and to study immune response against the virus. Based on the in vivo and in silico results presented here, we propose the zebrafish as a model for translational research into the safety of the vaccine and the immune response
of the vertebrate organism to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. |
|
|
Figueiredo-Campos, P, Blankenhaus, et al |
Eur J Immunol |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Immunology | Immunologie |
We quantified immunoglobulin (Ig) M, IgG and IgA antibodies recognizing the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD)
or the Spike (S) protein over a period of five months following COVID-19 onset. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses follow a classic pattern with a rapid increase within the first three weeks after symptoms. Although titres reduce subsequently, the ability
to detect anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies remained robust with confirmed neutralisation activity for up to six months in a large proportion of previously virus-positive screened subjects. |
|
|
Flageul, A, Lucas, et al |
Virus Res |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
Viral Variant Visualizer (VVV) demonstrated that the cloned virus population was homogeneous (as designed) at position
2934 where the wild-type virus demonstrated two variant populations at a ratio of almost 50:50. A total of 18, 10, 3 and 28, viral genetic variants were detected for AMPV, PEDV, TCoV and IBV respectively. The simplicity of this pipeline makes the study of
viral genetic variants more accessible to a wide variety of biologists, which should ultimately increase the rate of understanding of the mechanisms of viral genetic evolution. |
|
|
Fleming, Richard, Fleming, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
The treatment of SARS-CoV-2, like HIV, is a multi-drug treatment regimen focusing on the immune ITR to SARS-CoV-2.
The three successful treatment regimens include (1) Tocilizumab & Interferon a-2b, (2) Primaquine, Clindamycin, Tocilizumab & Interferon a-2b, and (3) Methylprednisolone. These three regimens were effective 99.83 % of the time and shortened hospital stays
from 40 + 3 days to 1-2 weeks. |
|
|
Hematologic Adaptation to Mask Wearing During
the COVID-19 Pandemic |
Friedrich, Lior, Levin, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
We sought to study the association of mask wearing during the COVID-19 pandemic and hematological and obstetrical outcomes
among singleton gestations. Compared to the pre-pandemic period, women delivering in the pandemic period had higher levels of hemoglobin and fibrinogen and lower levels of platelets. These hematologic changes may be the result of a hard-to-ventilate space
created by wearing a mask during the COVID-19 period. |
|
PMC7175855; Acute Type A Aortic Dissection During the COVID-19 Outbreak |
Fukuhara, S, Rosati, et al |
Ann Thorac Surg |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We present a case of acute type A aortic dissection in a patient with COVID-19 to highlight the clinical implications
of a true emergent procedure during the COVID-19 outbreak. |
|
Garcia Ramirez, Perla, Hernandez Rivera, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Transmission |
This article provides the answer based in the analysis of which climatic variables are the ones that most affect the
infection rate and how they affect it. Results suggest it is safe to conclude that containment strategies can also be based on the consideration of humidity and the ultraviolet index in the spaces in which people move, live, stays or work, in cases where the
strategy of staying at home cannot be maintained. |
|
|
Garcia, P, Revet, et al |
Drug Saf |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Authors reviewed all psychiatric adverse effects with hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19 patients, as well as in other
indications, reported in VigiBase, the World Health Organization's (WHO) global database of individual case safety reports. This pharmacovigilance analysis suggests that COVID-19 patients exposed to hydroxychloroquine experienced serious psychiatric disorders,
and, among these patients, some committed suicide. |
|
|
Saliva as testing sample for SARS-CoV-2 detection
by RT-PCR in low prevalence community setting |
Gavars, Didzis, Gavars, et al |
medRxiv |
Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes |
The aim of this study was to demonstrate that saliva can be used as an effective material for SARS-CoV-2 testing and
screening of large population groups to identify Covid-19 clusters. Authors conclude that saliva testing is an appropriate tool for screening campaigns and cluster detection, that is able to detect more infected people in a shorter period of time with little
human resources and thus help to stop the epidemic spread more quickly. |
|
A single center cohort of 40 severe COVID-19 patients who were treated with convalescent
plasma |
Gemİcİ, A, Bİlgen, et al |
Turk J Med Sci |
Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
Authors discuss the possibility of using convalescent plasma (CP) which previously used successfully to treat SARS-CoV-1
and MERS infections, to fight COVID-19. According to the results of this study, CP is an efficient conjunct to conventional therapy against COVID-19 with a favorable safety profile. |
|
PMC7566888; Methylene blue inhibits the replication of SARS-Cov-2 in vitro |
Gendrot, M, Andreani, et al |
Int J Antimicrob Agents |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
Authors discuss methylene blue, which has already demonstrated in vitro antiviral activity in photodynamic therapy,
and antibacterial, antifungal or antiparasitic activity in nonphotodynamic assays, as a treatment for COVID-19. They propose that methylene blue is a promising drug for COVID-19 treatment. |
|
Public Understanding and Their Response to
COVID-19 in Nepal |
Ghimire, Rakesh, Adhikari, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
This study aimed at identifying public understanding and response to COVID-19 in Nepal. From the findings, authors
infer that government interventions should focus on minimizing the public’s difficulties due to lockdown while enforcing prevention strategies via raising awareness about COVID-19. |
|
Altered bioenergetics and mitochondrial dysfunction of monocytes in patients with
COVID-19 pneumonia |
Gibellini, L, De Biasi, et al |
EMBO Mol Med |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Immunology | Immunologie |
Authors analyzed peripheral blood monocytes from patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and found that these cells show signs
of altered bioenergetics and mitochondrial dysfunction, had a reduced basal and maximal respiration, reduced spare respiratory capacity and decreased proton leak. High plasma levels of several inflammatory cytokines and chemokines finally confirm the importance
of monocytes in COVID-19 immunopathogenesis. |
|
Gidde, Prashant Sadashiv, Prasad, et al |
medRxiv |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection
d'agents pathogènes |
Authors developed a tool to address the absence of sufficient training data which has prevented effective deep learning
(DL) solutions to the COVID-19 pandemic. This tool with explainability feature has better performance than publicly available algorithms trained on COVID-19 data but needs further improvement. |
|
|
Goenka, Mahesh Kumar, Afzalpurkar, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé Immunology
| Immunologie |
Authors attempt to evaluate the extent of undetected transmission in a defined community, specifically among health
care workers (HCW) owing to their greater exposure and potential to transmit. Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccination, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) prophylaxis, and the job profile influence the seroprevalence rate in HCW. |
|
|
Oral hygiene habits and possible transmission of COVID-19 among cohabitants |
González-Olmo, MJ, Delgado-Ramos, et al |
BMC Oral Health |
Transmission Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
The objective of this study was to find out whether misuse of dental hygiene, in terms of certain dental habits, may
facilitate the spread of COVID-19 among cohabiting individuals. The use of inappropriate measures in the dental environment could contribute to the indirect transmission of COVID-19 between cohabitants. |
|
Goyal, Abhishek, Saigal, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
Authors conducted a retrospective record analysis in an apex teaching hospital ICU setting to explore optimal doses
and duration of steroid therapy which minimizes the hazard of death. This protective effect was not found to be negatively influenced by the risk of infection. |
|
|
Evaluation of Nowcasting for Real-Time COVID-19 Tracking
- New York City, March-May 2020 |
Greene, SharonK, McGough, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
Authors retrospectively evaluated nowcasting performance for case counts among residents diagnosed during March-May
2020, a period when the median reporting delay was 2 days. Nowcasting ensured that recent decreases in observed case counts were not overinterpreted as true declines and supported health department leadership in anticipating the magnitude and timing of hospitalizations
and deaths and allocating resources geographically |
|
Gremmels, Hendrik, Winkel, et al |
medRxiv |
Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes |
The diagnostic value of the Panbio COVID-19 Ag Rapid Test (Abbott), was determined in comparison to RT-qPCR (Seegene
Allplex) in community-dwelling mildly symptomatic subjects in a medium (Utrecht, the Netherlands) and high endemic area (Aruba), using two concurrently obtained nasopharyngeal swabs. Considering short turnaround times, user friendliness, low costs and opportunities
for decentralized testing, this test can improve our efforts to control transmission of SARS-CoV-2. |
|
|
Gromski, PiotrS, Smith, et al |
medRxiv |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
Authors sought to determine the impact of the 2008 financial recession and the COVID-19 recession on fertility treatments
and cumulative live-births. The COVID-19 recession could have a profound impact on US IVF live-birth rates in young women, further aggravating pre-existing declines in total fertility rates |
|
|
Gross, Oliver, Moerer, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
Authors recently demonstrated in a post-mortem cohort that SARS-CoV-2 renal tropism was associated with kidney injury,
disease severity and mortality. Data confirm that Covid-19-associated urine abnormalities on admission predict disease aggravation. |
|
|
The future of telemedicine visits after COVID-19: perceptions of primary care pediatricians |
Grossman, Z, Chodick, et al |
Isr J Health Policy Res |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
The aims of this study were to assess the use of telemedicine by Israeli pediatricians before and during the first
lockdown phase of the pandemic, and to elucidate how they foresee telemedicine as a medium of medical practice in the post-pandemic era. The study indicates that use of telemedicine technologies by primary care pediatricians increased substantially during
the first COVID-19 lockdown. |
|
Identification of potential biomarkers and inhibitors in SARS-CoV-2 infected
macaques |
Gu, Hanming, Wang, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Animal model | Modèle animal |
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the infection with SARS-CoV-2 has overwhelmed many health systems globally. Our study
is to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and the associated biological pathways of COVID-19 to elucidate the potential pathogenesis and metabolism. The gene expression profile of the GSE155363 dataset was originally produced using the high-throughput
Illumina HiSeq 4000 (Macaca mulatta). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed to discover their functional categories and biochemical pathways. The results suggested that four biological pathways: Fatty acid
elongation, Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, Fatty acid metabolism, and Ribosome were mostly involved in the macaques with COVID-19. Thus, our study provides novel insights into the underlying pathogenesis of COVID-19. |
|
Gupta, S, Wang, et al |
JAMA Intern Med |
Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
The aim of this study was to test whether tocilizumab decreases mortality in critically ill patients with COVID-19.
Among critically ill patients with COVID-19 in this cohort study, the risk of in-hospital mortality in this study was lower in patients treated with tocilizumab in the first 2 days of ICU admission compared with patients whose treatment did not include early
use of tocilizumab. |
|
|
Impact of a Nationwide Lockdown on SARS-CoV-2 Transmissibility, Italy |
Guzzetta, G, Riccardo, et al |
Emerg Infect Dis |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique |
On March 11, 2020, Italy imposed a national lockdown to curtail the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus
2. We estimate that, 14 days after lockdown, the net reproduction number had dropped below 1 and remained stable at »0.76 (95% CI 0.67-0.85) in all regions for >3 of the following weeks. |
|
Hampshire, Adam, Trender, et al |
medRxiv |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Authors analysed cognitive test data from 84,285 Great British Intelligence Test participants who completed a questionnaire
regarding suspected and biologically confirmed COVID-19 infection. Finer grained analyses of performance support the hypothesis that COVID-19 has a multi-system impact on human cognition |
|
|
Hao, F, Tam, et al |
Transl Psychiatry |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
This study examined the neuropsychiatric sequelae of acutely ill patients with COVID-19 infection who received treatment
in hospital isolation wards during the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19 and psychiatric patients had higher levels of depression, anxiety and stress than healthy controls. |
|
|
Dataset of COVID-19 outbreak and potential predictive
features in the USA |
Haratian, Arezoo, Fazelinia, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
This dataset provides information related to the outbreak of COVID-19 disease in the United States, including data
from each of 3142 US counties. Authors anticipate many researchers will use this dataset to train models that can predict the spread of COVID-19 and to identify the key driving factors. |
|
Hayward, AC, Beale, et al |
Wellcome Open Research |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health
interventions*| Interventions de santé publique |
Authors used a case-crossover design nested in a community cohort to compare self-reported measures of activities during
the week before infection onset and baseline periods. Exposure to potentially crowded places, public transport and to individuals with a cold increases risk of acquiring circulating acute respiratory infections. |
|
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The Causal Effect of Air Pollution on COVID-19 Transmission:
Evidence from China |
He, Guojun, Pan, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
Authors propose a new econometric framework to address the increasing concern that ambient air pollution could exacerbate
COVID-19 transmission. Results imply that improving air quality can be a powerful tool to contain the spread of COVID-19. |
|
Heffner, J, Vives, et al |
Pers Individ Dif |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
Public health messages often use persuasive language to change attitudes and behaviors, which can evoke a wide range
of negative and positive emotional responses. In a U.S. representative sample (N = 955), we presented two messages that leveraged either threatening or prosocial persuasive language, and measured self-reported emotional reactions and willingness to self-isolate.
Although emotional responses to the interventions were highly heterogeneous, personality traits known to be linked with distinct emotional experiences (extraversion and neuroticism) explained significant variance in the arousal response. While results show
that both types of appeals increased willingness to self-isolate (Cohen's d = 0.41), compared to the threat message, the efficacy of the prosocial message was more dependent on the magnitude of the evoked emotional response on both arousal and valence dimensions.
Together, these results imply that prosocial appeals have the potential to be associated with greater compliance if they evoke highly positive emotional responses. |
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Patient
Self-Checkup App for COVID-19: Development and Usage Pattern Analysis |
Heo, J, Sung, et al |
J Med Internet Res |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
BACKGROUND: Clear guideline for a patient with suspected COVID-19 infection is unavailable. Many countries rely on
individual assessment via a national hotline or by telecommunication, but this only adds to the burden of an already overwhelmed healthcare system. In this study, we develop an algorithm and a web application that may help the patients with the screening process.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to help the general public by developing a web-based application that assists in the decision of when to seek medical care. METHODS: The algorithm was developed in consultation withsix physicians who are directly involved
in the process of screening, diagnosis, and/or treatment of COVID-19 patients. The main focus in developing the algorithm was when to test the patient, under the limitation of laboratory capacity. The application was deployed on the web and designed to be
mobile-friendly. Google Analytics was embedded and to collect usage data from March 1-27, 2020, and the data were correlated with COVID-19 confirmed cases, screened cases, and death counts by the access location. RESULTS: Epidemiological factors, fever, and
symptoms were used in the algorithm. The application is deployed on the web, https://docl.org/ncov/. In all, 96,972 users assessed the application 128,673 times during the study period. Without any advertisement, almost half of the access was from outside
of Korea. Even though the digital literacy of age group of those in their 60s were half of that of the 50s, the user count was similar in our application. CONCLUSIONS: An expert opinion-based algorithm and mobile application for patient screening and guidance
can be beneficial in a circumstance current information is insufficient on the novel disease, and medical resource allocation is crucial. |
|
Patient
Self-Checkup App for COVID-19: Development and Usage Pattern Analysis |
Heo, J, Sung, et al |
J Med Internet Res |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
In this study, we develop an algorithm and a web application that may help the patients with the screening process.
Epidemiological factors, fever, and symptoms were used in the algorithm. The application is deployed on the web, https://docl.org/ncov/. In all, 96,972 users assessed the application 128,673 times during the study period. Without any advertisement, almost
half of the access was from outside of Korea. Even though the digital literacy of age group of those in their 60s were half of that of the 50s, the user count was similar in our application. |
|
Hermine, O, Mariette, et al |
JAMA Intern Med |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Therapeutics| Thérapeutique RCT |
This study aimed to determine whether tocilizumab (TCZ) improves outcomes of patients hospitalized with moderate-to-severe
COVID-19 pneumonia. Patients were randomly assigned to receive TCZ, 8 mg/kg, intravenously plus usual care on day 1 and on day 3 if clinically indicated (TCZ group) or to receive usual care alone (UC group). Usual care included antibiotic agents, antiviral
agents, corticosteroids, vasopressor support, and anticoagulants. In this randomized clinical trial of patients with COVID-19 and pneumonia requiring oxygen support but not admitted to the intensive care unit, TCZ did not reduce WHO-CPS scores lower than 5
at day 4 but might have reduced the risk of NIV, MV, or death by day 14. No difference on day 28 mortality was found. Further studies are necessary for confirming these preliminary results. |
|
|
Herzberg, J, Vollmer, et al |
Int J Infect Dis |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé Immunology
| Immunologie |
This study was aimed at the detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus and specific antibodies among HCW in a German hospital, as
a model system for the potential spread of the pandemic. A total of 871/1081 employees participated in this prospective longitudinal study. During the study period of 9 weeks, 5329 OPS and 2136 blood samples were analyzed. In three participants (0.34%) SARS-CoV-2
RNA was detected. Anti-SARS-CoV-2-IgG antibodies were detected in 38 (4.36%) participants. |
|
|
Hu, J, Zhou, et al |
Medicine (Baltimore) |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We retrospectively analyzed the characteristics of patients from a designated isolation medical center for COVID-19
patients diagnosed from February 6 to March 1. 52 (28.6%) patients later developed severe disease. Comparing to non-severe cases, severe cases had a higher level of serum LDH (321.85 ± 186.24 vs 647.35 ± 424.26, P < .001), neutrophils (5.42 ± 3.26 vs 9.19 ± 6.33,
P < .001), and C-reactive protein (38.63 ± 43.14 vs 83.20 ± 51.01, P < .001). The patients with severe disease tended to be male (44.6% vs 80.8%, P < .001), lower level of serum albumin (31.41 ± 6.20 vs 27.18 ± 5.74, P < .001), and SpO2 (96.30 ± 2.75 vs 92.37 ± 8.29,
P < .001). In the multivariate analysis model, LDH and sex remained independent risk factors for severe disease. The serum LDH predicted severe cases with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.7999. A combination of serum LDH and sex predicted severe cases with
an AUC of 0.849. A combination of serum LDH accessed on admission and sex had a better predictive performance than the serum LDH (P = .0238).Serum LDH on admission combined with sex is independently associated with severe disease in COVID-19. |
|
|
Huang, L, Wang, et al |
Psychol Health Med |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
We recruited 600 medical staff from the radiology departments of 32 public hospitals in Sichuan Province, China, to
evaluate perceived stress scores via a mobile app-based questionnaire. The results showed that the perceived stress level among medical staff in the radiology departments during the COVID-19 outbreak was high and a sense of tension was strongly present. A
positive correlation was found between anxiety score and perceived stress. Multivariate analysis showed that risk factors for perceived stress were female, existing anxiety, and fears of being infected at work, an uncontrollable outbreak, and not being able
to pay rent or mortgage. Conversely, good knowledge about COVID-19, being unmarried, and working in a higher-grade hospital were protective factors for perceived stress. |
|
|
Husnayain, A, Shim, et al |
Journal of medical Internet research |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
We attempt to explore patterns of community health risk perceptions of COVID-19 in South Korea using internet search
data. The numbers of COVID-19-related queries in South Korea increased during local events including local transmission, approval of coronavirus test kits, implementation of coronavirus drive-through tests, a face mask shortage, and a widespread campaign for
social distancing as well as during international events. Online queries were also stronger in women (r=0.763-0.823; P<.001) and age groups ≤29 years (r=0.726-0.821; P<.001), 30-44 years (r=0.701-0.826; P<.001), and ≥50 years (r=0.706-0.725; P<.001). In terms
of spatial distribution, internet search data were higher in affected areas. Moreover, greater correlations were found in mobile searches (r=0.704-0.804; P<.001) compared to those of desktop searches (r=0.705-0.717; P<.001), indicating changing behaviors in
searching for online health information during the outbreak. |
|
|
Ianevski, A, Yao, et al |
Viruses |
Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
Here, we identify new synergistic combinations against SARS-CoV-2, echovirus 1 (EV1), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human
immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) in vitro. We observed synergistic activity of nelfinavir with convalescent serum and with purified neutralizing antibody 23G7 against SARS-CoV-2 in human lung epithelial Calu-3 cells. We also demonstrated synergistic activity
of nelfinavir with EIDD-2801 or remdesivir in Calu-3 cells. In addition, we showed synergistic activity of vemurafenib with emetine, homoharringtonine, anisomycin, or cycloheximide against EV1 infection in human lung epithelial A549 cells. We also found that
combinations of sofosbuvir with brequinar or niclosamide are synergistic against HCV infection in hepatocyte-derived Huh-7.5 cells, and that combinations of monensin with lamivudine or tenofovir are synergistic against HIV-1 infection in human cervical TZM-bl
cells. These results indicate that synergy is achieved when a virus-directed antiviral is combined with another virus- or host-directed agent. |
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School Re-Openings after Summer Breaks in Germany Did Not Increase Sars-Cov-2 Cases |
Isphording, IngoE, Lipfert, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
This paper studies the effect of the end of school summer breaks on SARS-CoV-2 cases in Germany. We exploit variation
in the staggered timing of summer breaks across federal states which allows us to implement an event study design. We base our analysis on official daily counts of confirmed coronavirus infections by age groups across all 401 German counties. We consider an
event window of two weeks before and three weeks after the end of summer breaks. Over a large number of specifications, sub-group analyses and robustness checks, we do not find any evidence of a positive effect of school re-openings on case numbers.On the
contrary, our preferred specification indicates that the end of summer breaks had a negative effect on the number of new confirmed cases. Three weeks after the end of summer breaks, cases have decreased by 0.55 cases per 100,000 inhabitants or 27 percent of
a standard deviation. Our results are not explained by changes in mobility patterns around school re-openings arising from travel returnees. We conclude that school re-openings in Germany under strict hygiene measures combined with quarantine and containment
measures have not increased the number of newly confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections. |
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PMC7574266; Large population study identifies drugs associated with reduced COVID-19
severity |
Israel, A, Schaffer, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
Two case-control matched cohorts were assembled to assess systematically which drugs affected the risk of COVID 19
hospitalization: in both cohorts, case patients were hospitalized for COVID-19; matched control patients were taken from the general population in the first cohort, and non-hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 positive patients in the second cohort. Several drugs and pharmacy
sold items were associated with significantly reduced odds for SARS-CoV-2 hospitalization, notably ubiquinone (OR=0.185, 95% CI 0.058,0.458], p<0.001), ezetimibe (OR=0.513, 95% CI 0.375,0.688], P<0.001), rosuvastatin (OR=0.746, 95% CI 0.645,0.858], p<0.001)
and flecainide (OR=0.303, 95% CI 0.080,0.813], p<0.01). Additionally, acquisition of surgical masks, latex gloves and several ophthalmological products were associated with decreased risk for hospitalization. |
|
Jahangiry, L, Bakhtari, et al |
BMC Public Health |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
This study aimed to investigate on how people perceive the COVID-19 outbreak using the components of the Extended Parallel
Process Model (EPPM) and to find out how this might contribute to possible behavioral responses to the prevention and control of the disease. A total of 3727 individuals with a mean age (SD) of 37.0 (11.1) years participated in the study. The results revealed
significant differences in efficacy, defensive responses and perceived treat among different population groups particularly among those aged 60 and over. Women had significantly higher scores than men on some aspects such as self-efficacy, reactance, and avoidance
but men had higher perceived susceptibility scores compared to women. Overall 56.4% of participants were engaged in danger control (preventive behavior) while the remaining 43.6% were engaged in fear control (non-preventive behavior) process. |
|
|
Jaiswal, Dr Sarita Rani, Mehta, et al |
medRxiv |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Therapeutics| Thérapeutique Immunology | Immunologie |
To evaluate ability of modulated innate immune response to provide resistance to development of symptomatic RT-PCR
confirmed COVID-19, 96 inpatient front line health care workers (HCW) were cohorted in 1:2 ratio to receive TLR2 agonist (heat killed Mycobacterium w, Mw; n=32) as innate immune response modulator or observation (n=64). All were followed up for 100 days. The
incidence of COVID-19 was 31 (32.3%) for the entire cohort, with only one developing COVID-19 in Mw group (3.1% vs 46.8%. protective efficacy - 93.33%, p=0.0001; 95% CI 53.3-99.1). Self-limiting local injection site reaction was the only side effect and was
seen in 14 HCW. Findings from the study suggest the potential for providing resistance against novel pathogen like SARS-CoV-2 by modulating innate immune response. |
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SARS-CoV-2 Invades the Central Nervous System via the Olfactory Route in Rhesus Monkeys |
Jiao, Li, Yang, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Animal model | Modèle animal |
Neurological manifestations are frequently reported in the COVID-19 patients. In this study, we explored the mechanisms
of SARS-CoV-2 neurotropism via our established non-human primate model of COVID-19. In rhesus monkey, SARS-CoV-2 invades the CNS primarily via the olfactory bulb. Thereafter, viruses rapidly spread to functional areas of the central nervous system such as
hippocampus, thalamus and medulla oblongata. The infection of SARS-CoV-2 induces the inflammation possibly by targeting neurons, microglia and astrocytes in the CNS. Consistently, SARS-CoV-2 infects neuro-derived SK-N-SH, glial-derived U251 and brain microvascular
endothelial cells in vitro. To our knowledge, this is the first experimental evidence of SARS-CoV-2 neuroinvasion in the NHP model, which provides important insights into the CNS-related pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2. |
|
Effect of park use and landscape structure on COVID-19
transmission rates |
Johnson, Thomas Frederick, Hordley, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
Green space accessibility may have been particularly important during this lockdown, as it could have provided benefits
for physical and mental wellbeing, while also limiting the risk of transmission. To evaluate how green space affected COVID-19 transmission across 98 local authorities in England, we first split case rates into two periods, the pre-peak rise and the post-peak
decline in cases, and assessed how baseline health and mobility variables influenced these rates. Next, looking at the residual case rates, we investigated how landscape structure (e.g. area and patchiness of green space) and park use influenced transmission.
We first show that pre- and post-peak case rates were significantly reduced when overall mobility was low, especially in areas with high population clustering, and high population density during the post-peak period only. After accounting for known mechanisms
behind transmission rates, we found that park use (showing a preference for park mobility) decreased residual pre-peak case rates, especially when green space was low and contiguous (not patchy). Whilst in the post-peak period, park use and green landscape
structure had no effect on residual case rates. Our results show that utilising green spaces rather than other activities (e.g. visiting shops and workplaces) can reduce the transmission rate of COVID-19, especially during an exponential phase of transmission. |
|
Joy, M, Hobbs, et al |
Br J Gen Pract |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
The purpose of the study was to describe the mortality in England and its association with SARS-CoV-2 status and other
demographic and risk factors. Mortality peaked in week 16. People living in households of ≥9 had a fivefold increase in relative mortality (RHR = 5.1, 95% CI = 4.87 to 5.31, P<0.0001). The ORs of mortality were 8.9 (95% CI = 6.7 to 11.8, P<0.0001) and 9.7
(95% CI = 7.1 to 13.2, P<0.0001) for virologically and clinically diagnosed cases respectively, using people with negative tests as reference. The adjusted mortality for the virologically confirmed group was 18.1% (95% CI = 17.6 to 18.7). Male sex, population
density, black ethnicity (compared to white), and people with long-term conditions, including learning disability (OR = 1.96, 95% CI = 1.22 to 3.18, P = 0.0056) had higher odds of mortality. |
|
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Mental Health Presentations to Christchurch Hospital Emergency Department During COVID-19
Lockdown |
Joyce, LR, Richardson, et al |
Emerg Med Australas |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique Healthcare Response | Réponse
des soins de santé |
This study aimed to describe mental health presentations to a tertiary emergency department in New Zealand during a
national COVID-19 Lockdown. During the COVID-19 lockdown, both overall emergency department presentations as well as mental health-related presentations decreased. There was a relative increase in overdoses and self harm, particularly involving paracetamol
and ibuprofen. |
|
Prevalence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in healthy
blood donors in New York |
Kamath, Kathy, Baum-Jones, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Immunology | Immunologie |
We analyzed blood specimens from 1,559 healthy blood donors, collected in the greater New York metropolitan area between
the months of March and July 2020 for antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 virus. Using our proprietary technology, SERA (Serum Epitope Repertoire Analysis), we observed a significant increase in SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity rates over the four-month period, from 0% [95%
CI: 0 - 1.5%] (March) to 11.6% [6.0 - 21.2%] (July). Follow-up ELISA tests using S1 and nucleocapsid viral proteins confirmed most of these results. Our findings are consistent with seroprevalence studies within the region and with reports that SARS-COV-2
infections can be asymptomatic or cause only mild symptoms. |
|
A Comparison of Case Fatality Risk of COVID-19 between Singapore and Japan |
Kayano, T, Nishiura, et al |
J Clin Med |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
The crude case fatality risk (CFR) for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Singapore is remarkably small. We aimed to
estimate the unbiased CFR by age for Singapore and Japan and compare these estimates by calculating the standardized mortality ratio (SMR). Age-specific CFRs for COVID-19 were estimated in real time, adjusting for the delay from illness onset to death. The
SMR in Japan was estimated by using the age distribution of the Singapore population. Among cases aged 60-69 years and 70-79 years, the age-specific CFRs in Singapore were estimated as 1.84% (95% confidence interval: 0.46-4.72%) and 5.57% (1.41-13.97%), respectively,
and those in Japan as 5.52% (4.55-6.62%) and 15.49% (13.81-17.27%), respectively. The SMR of COVID-19 in Japan, when compared with Singapore as the baseline, was estimated to be 1.46 (1.09-2.96). The overall CFR for Singapore is lower than that for Japan.
It is possible that the circulating variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Singapore causes a milder clinical course of COVID-19 infection compared with other strains. If infection with a low-virulence SARS-CoV-2 variant
provides protection against infection by high-virulence strains, the existence of such a strain is encouraging news for the many countries struggling to suppress this virus. |
|
Keretsu, S, Bhujbal, et al |
Sci Rep |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
The lack of a potent 3CL(pro) inhibitor and the availability of the X-ray crystal structure of 3CL(pro) (PDB-ID 6LU7)
motivated us to perform computational studies to identify commercially available potential inhibitors. A combination of modeling studies was performed to identify potential 3CL(pro) inhibitors from the protease inhibitor database MEROPS ( https://www.ebi.ac.uk/merops/index.shtml
). Binding energy evaluation identified key residues for inhibitor design. We found 15 potential 3CL(pro) inhibitors with higher binding affinity than that of an α-ketoamide inhibitor determined via X-ray structure. Among them, saquinavir and three other investigational
drugs aclarubicin, TMC-310911, and faldaprevir could be suggested as potential 3CL(pro) inhibitors. We recommend further experimental investigation of these compounds. |
|
|
Khan, N, Patel, et al |
Am J Gastroenterol |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
We conducted a nationwide retrospective cohort study in the US Veterans' Affairs healthcare system from January 1,
2020, to June 30, 2020. We matched each patient with IBD with 2 patients without IBD on age, sex, race, location, and comorbidities. Among 38,378 patients with IBD and 67,433 patients without IBD, 87 (0.23%) and 132 (0.20%) patients developed incident SARS-CoV-2
infection, respectively (P = 0.29). |
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Cardiac Manifestations of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): a Multicenter Cohort
Study |
Kim, M, Nam, et al |
J Korean Med Sci |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
This study aimed to investigate the cardiac manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Forty patients (median
age, 58 years; 50% men) were enrolled in the initial analysis. Patients were classified into severe and nonsevere groups based on the current guidelines. The 13 patients in the severe group were significantly older, had a greater prevalence of bilateral pneumonia
and leukocytosis, and higher aspartate transaminase levels than patients in the nonsevere group. Patients in the severe group had a slightly lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) than those in the nonsevere group (median interquartile range], 61.0%
58.5%, 62.3%] vs. 66.7% 60.6%, 69.8%], P = 0.015). In a subgroup of 34 patients in whom GLS could be analyzed, patients in the severe group had a significantly impaired left ventricular GLS (LVGLS) than those in the nonsevere group (-18.1% -18.8%, -17.1%]
vs. -21.7% -22.9%, -19.9%], P = 0.001). There were no significant differences in total wall (RVGLStotal, -19.3% -23.9%, -18.4%] vs. -24.3% -26.0%, -22.6%], P = 0.060) and free wall (RVGLSfw, -22.7% -27.2%, -18.6%] vs. -28.8% -30.4%, -24.1%], P = 0.066) right
ventricle GLS (RVGLS). |
|
Knol, WG, Thuijs, et al |
Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques Healthcare Response |
Réponse des soins de santé |
The objective of this prospective observational study was to evaluate the role of preoperative computed tomography
(CT) screening for COVID-19 in a population of COVID-19 asymptomatic patients scheduled for cardiac surgery. Between the 29th of March and the 26th of May 2020, patients asymptomatic for COVID-19 underwent a CT-scan the day before surgery, with RT-PCR reserved
for abnormal scan results. Of the 109 patients that underwent CT-screening, an abnormal scan result was observed in 7.3% (95% CI: 3.2-14.0%). One patient, with a normal screening CT, was tested positive for COVID-19, with the first positive RT-PCR on the ninth
day after surgery. A rate of preoperative CT-scan abnormalities of 8% (n = 8) was found in the unexposed historical controls (P > 0.999). In asymptomatic patients undergoing cardiac surgery, preoperative screening for COVID-19 using computed tomography will
identify pulmonary abnormalities in a small percentage of patients that do not seem to have COVID-19. Depending on the prevalence of COVID-19, this results in an unfavorable positive predictive value of CT screening. Care should be taken when considering CT
as a screening tool prior to cardiac surgery. |
|
|
Kopanitsa, G, Metsker, et al |
|
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
To predict morbidity of the novel COVID-19, we used records covering the time period from 01-03-2020 to 25-05-2020
and include sophisticated information of the morbidity in Russia. Total of 45238 patients were analyzed. The predictive model was developed as a combination of Holt and Holt-Winter models with Gradient boosting Regression. As we can see from the table 2, the
models demonstrated a very good performance on the test data set. The forecast is quite reliable, however, due to the many uncertainties, only a real-world data can prove the correctness of the forecast. |
|
|
Kuhana, TungaA, Kilembe, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
We report in this paper the assessment of the efficiency of thirty alkaloid compounds derived from African medicinal
plants against the SARS-CoV-2 main protease through molecular docking and bioinformatics approaches. The results reveal four potential inhibitors (ligands 18, 21, 23 and 24) with the highest binding energies up to 12.26 kcal/mol with good profile of ADMET,
as well as fully obey the Lipinski’s rule of five. |
|
|
Challenges Faced by Dialysis Unit Staff during COVID
-19 times-A Qualitative Study |
Kumar, PR, Dongre, et al |
medRxiv |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
The objective of this qualitative study was to determine the challenges faced by the dialysis staff during the COVID
19 pandemic in a rural hemodialysis unit. in India. Overall three domains were identified, the shortage of personal safety equipment, the lack of personal safety and presence of logistical and operational problems. Relative to other items, testing by RT-PCR
was surprisingly not perceived to be important for them. |
|
Kumari, P, Toshniwal, et al |
Urban Clim |
Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique |
In present study, the variation in concentration of key air pollutants such as PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2 and O3 during
the pre-lockdown and post-lockdown phase has been investigated in 12 major cities. Results find that the concentration of PM2.5, PM10 and NO2 were reduced by 20–34%, 24–47% and 32–64%, respectively, due to restriction on anthropogenic emission sources during
lockdown. |
|
|
Labrague, Leodoro, Ballad, et al |
medRxiv |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
The aims of this study are two-fold: (a) to examine the levels of lockdown fatigue, and (2) to determine the role of
coping behaviours, personal resilience, psychological well-being and perceived health in fatigue associated to the lockdown measure in college students. Overall, college students reported moderate levels of lockdown fatigue, with a mean score of 31.54 (out
of 50). Physical exhaustion or tiredness, headaches and body pain, decreased motivation and increased worry were the most pronounced manifestations of fatigue reported. Gender and college year were identified as important predictors of fatigue. Increased personal
resilience and coping skills were associated with lower levels of lockdown fatigue. |
|
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PREVALENCE AND PREDICTORS OF CORONAPHOBIA AMONG FRONTLINE
HOSPITAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES |
Labrague, Leodoro, De los Santos, et al |
medRxiv |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
Thee aim of this study was to determine the prevalence rate as well as the predictors of coronaphobia in frontline
hospital and public health nurses (n=736) in the Philippines. Using four self-reported scales the prevalence rate of coronaphobia was 54.76% (n = 402): 37.04% (n = 130) in hospital nurses and 70.91% (n = 273) in public health nurses. Additionally, nurses gender
(being female), marital status (being married), job status (contracted status), and personal resilience were identified as predictors of COVID-19 anxiety. |
|
Lai, THT, Lee, et al |
Int Ophthalmol |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
The aim of this study is to evaluate whether SMS is an effective method to dispatch messages that offer postponement
of appointments and thus reduce outpatient attendance during the COVID-19 pandemic. During the study period, a total of 17,028 SMS were sent. The overall response rate was 23.6%. 14.3% postponed their appointments. This led to an overall 13.9% reduction of
clinic attendance. The overall satisfaction was high (96%). The main reason for postponing appointment was worries about infection risk (93.1%). |
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|
Lantinga, MA, Theunissen, et al |
Endoscopy |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
We aimed to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on procedure types, indications, and findings in the context of gastrointestinal
endoscopy practice in 15 Dutch hospitals. Results indicate that fewer endoscopies were performed during the COVID-19 lockdown, leading to a significant reduction in the absolute detection of cancer. Endoscopies increased rapidly after lockdown, except for
colorectal cancer screening. |
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|
Lapić, I, Brenčić, et al |
Int J Lab Hematol |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Immunology | Immunologie |
This study investigate the hypothesis that activation of the immune response triggered by SARS‐CoV‐2 causes cell changes
that might be detected and quantified using Cell population data (CPD), and evaluated the potential of CPD parameters in the differential diagnosis of COVID‐19. This was a retrospective multicenter study which included 114 COVID‐19 patients (median age: 52
years; from 6 to 92, 46% females) admitted to the University Hospital Center (UHC) Zagreb, Croatia. The data obtained herein demonstrate that at the early stage of COVID‐19, the usually reported WBC parameters are only mildly altered. and other CPD were significantly
different compared to other conditions presenting with similar symptomatology. |
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PMC7566670; Africa's low COVID-19 mortality rate: A paradox? |
Lawal, Y |
Int J Infect Dis |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
This study is aimed at determining the predictors of COVID-19 mortality rate that may explain why Africa’s COVID-19
mortality rate is lower than that of more advanced countries with better health systems. Pearson’s correlation was used to test the association between some population variables, and COVID-19 mortality rates. Then, stepwise multiple regression analysis was
used to determine significant predictors of COVID-19 mortality rates. Results indicate that Africa’s COVID-19 lower mortality rate is due to the lower population mean age, lower life expectancy, lower pre-COVID era ‘65 yr + mortality rate’, and lower pool
of persons surviving and living with cardiovascular diseases. |
|
A global survey of potential acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine |
Lazarus, JV, Ratzan, et al |
Nat Med |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
Several coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines are currently in human trials. In June 2020, we surveyed 13,426
people in 19 countries to determine potential acceptance rates and factors influencing acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine. Of these, 71.5% of participants reported that they would be very or somewhat likely to take a COVID-19 vaccine, and 61.4% reported that
they would accept their employer's recommendation to do so. Differences in acceptance rates ranged from almost 90% (in China) to less than 55% (in Russia). Respondents reporting higher levels of trust in information from government sources were more likely
to accept a vaccine and take their employer's advice to do so. |
|
Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in France: results
from nationwide serological surveillance |
Le Vu, Stephane, Jones, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Immunology | Immunologie |
We present estimates for prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the French population (n= 11, 021)and the proportion
of infected individuals who developed potentially protective neutralizing antibodies throughout the first epidemic wave (prior to (9-15 March), during (6-12 April) and following (11-17 May) a nationwide lockdown). Nationwide seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies
was estimated at 0.41% [0.05;0.88] mid-March, 4.14% [3.31;4.99] mid-April and 4.93% [4.02;5.89] mid-May. Approximately 70% of seropositive individuals had detectable neutralising antibodies. Seroprevalence was higher in regions where circulation occurred earlier
and was more intense. Seroprevalence was lowest in children under 10 years of age (2.72% [1.10;4.87]). |
|
Lee, SY, Song, et al |
J Korean Med Sci |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
This study was conducted to investigate the operation and necessary resources of a community treatment center (CTC)
operated in Seoul, a metropolitan city with a population of 10 million. Until May 27 when the Seoul CTC was closed, 26.5% (n = 213) of total 803 COVID-19 patients in Seoul were admitted to the CTC. It was 35.7% (n = 213) of 597 newly diagnosed patients in
Seoul during the 11 weeks of operation. The median length of stay was 21 days (interquartile range, 12–29 days). A total of 191 patients (89.7%) were discharged to home after virologic remission and 22 (10.3%) were transferred to hospital for further treatment.
Overall the CTC is appropriate to surge capacity and appropriately allocate scarce medical resource. |
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Lei, H, Wu, et al |
Clin Infect Dis |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health
interventions*| Interventions de santé publique |
In this study, surveillance data of COVID-19 and seasonal influenza in the year 2018-2020 were used to quantify the
relative efficiency of NPIs against COVID-19 in China, since isolation/quarantine was not used for the influenza epidemics. Given that the relative age-dependent susceptibility to influenza and COVID-19 may vary, an age-structured Susceptible-Infected-Recovered
model was built to explore the efficiency of social distancing against COVID-19 under different population susceptibility scenarios. The mean effective reproductive number, Rt, of COVID-19 before NPIs was 2.12 (95% confidential interval (CI): 2.02-2.21). By
March 11, 2020, the overall reduction in Rt of COVID-19 was 66.1% (95% CI: 60.1%-71.2%). In the epidemiological year 2019/20, influenza transmissibility reduced by 34.6% (95% CI: 31.3%-38.2%) compared with that in the epidemiological year 2018/19. Under the
observed contact patterns changes in China, social distancing had similar efficiency against COVID-19 in three different scenarios. By assuming same efficiency of social distancing against seasonal influenza and COVID-19 transmission, isolation/quarantine
and social distancing could lead to a 48.1% (95% CI: 35.4%-58.1%) and 34.6% (95% CI: 31.3%-38.2%) reduction of the transmissibility of COVID-19. |
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|
Leung, Kathy, Wu, et al |
medRxiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
We developed a new framework that parameterizes disease transmission models with age-specific digital mobility data.
By fitting the model to case data in Hong Kong, we were able to accurately track the local effective reproduction number of COVID-19 in near real time (i.e. no longer constrained by the delay of around 9 days between infection and reporting of cases) which
is essential for quick assessment of the effectiveness of interventions on reducing transmissibility. Our findings showed that accurate nowcast and forecast of COVID-19 epidemics can be obtained by integrating valid digital proxies of physical mixing into
conventional epidemic models. |
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|
Li, Shuai |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
This study aimed to investigate the causality between four lifestyle factors, namely BMI, smoking, alcohol consumption
and physical activity, and severe illness of COVID-19 using the two-sample Mendelian randomization approach. Evidence is found that BMI and smoking causally increase and physical activity causally decreases the risk of COVID-19 severe illness. |
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PMC7543752; Spike protein-based epitopes predicted against SARS-CoV-2 through
literature mining |
Li, W, Li, et al |
Med Nov Technol Devices |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Vaccine Research| Recherche sur les vaccins |
To provide B- and T-cell epitope candidates with full potentials for vaccine development, we performed literature mining
by collecting published and pre-printed literature on the SARS-COV-2 vaccine development since the outbreak of the epidemic till June 1, 2020. We investigated the antigenicity and locations of the epitopes in the five short hotspot regions by integrating the
amino acid sequences of the five epitopes and 3D structure of the Spike protein, demonstrating that the five epitopes with potentially high antigenicity located in the fully exposed Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) region of the Spike protein. |
|
Li, Xiang, Chen, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
In this retrospective study of confirmed COVID-19 patients in Wuhan, we aimed to investigate the automatically quantified
CT imaging predictors for COVID-19 mortality. A novel prognostic biomarker, V-HU score, depicting the volume of total pneumonia infection and the average Hounsfield unit (HU) value of consolidation areas was quantified from CT by an artificial intelligence
(AI) system. Cox proportional hazards models were used to investigate risk factors for mortality. Results indicate a combination of an increased volume of total pneumonia infection and high HU value of consolidation areas showed a strong correlation to COVID-19
mortality, as determined by AI quantified CT. |
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|
Liang, Xiaohua, Xiao, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Economics | Économie |
We prospectively collected information from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention and the designated hospitals
to determine the cost of public health care and hospitalization due to COVID-19. The average costs per case for specimen collection and nucleic acid testing (NAT) were $29.49 and $53.44, respectively, while the average cost of NAT for high-risk populations
was $297.94 per capita. The average costs per thousand people for epidemiological surveys, disinfectant, health education and centralized isolation were $49.54, $247.01, $90.22 and $543.72, respectively. A single hospitalization for COVID-19 in China cost
an average of $3,792.69 ($2,754.82-$5,393.76) in direct medical costs incurred only during hospitalization, while the total costs associated with hospitalization were estimated to have reached nearly $31,229.39 million in China as of 20 May 2020. The cost
of public health care ($6.81 billion) was 20 times that of hospitalization. |
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|
Lin, S, Pan, et al |
BMC Infect Dis |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We aimed to further describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of discharged COVID-19 cases and evaluate
the public health interventions by reviewing all discharged cases in Shanghai as of February 17,2020. The estimated median of the time from onset to discharge of moderate COVID-19 was 18.1 days in Shanghai. Time intervals from onset to first medical visit,
admission and disease confirmation were all shortened after the Shanghai’s first-level public health emergency response. Age, the first-level public health emergency response and the time from onset to admission were the impact factors for the duration of
hospitalization. |
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|
Ling, Stephanie Fenxi, Broad, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
This study aimed to determine whether Covid-19 disease outcomes were affected by vitamin D status, and to elucidate
any predictors of Covid-19 outcomes. Patients hospitalised with Covid-19 were opportunistically recruited from three different UK hospitals and their data were collected. Logistic regression was used to determine any relationships between vitamin D status
and various predictors, including mortality and ventilation, and to determine any relationships between mortality, ventilation, and various predictors. Results find that vitamin D status was not associated with any outcomes of Covid-19 investigated, following
adjustment for age and sex. However, treatment with vitamin D was significantly associated with a reduced risk of death, following adjustment for age and sex. |
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Expression Pattern of the SARS-CoV-2 Entry Genes ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in the Respiratory Tract |
Liu, Y, Qu, et al |
Viruses |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We investigated RNA sequencing transcriptome profiling of samples of airway and oral mucosa, including small airway
epithelium, alveolar macrophages, nasal epithelium, and masticatory mucosa to determine expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2. We found that ACE2 has medium levels of expression in both small airway epithelium and masticatory mucosa, and high levels of expression
in nasal epithelium. The expression of ACE2 is low in mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells and cannot be detected in alveolar macrophages. TMPRSS2 is highly expressed in small airway epithelium and nasal epithelium and has lower expression in masticatory
mucosa. |
|
Liu, Y, Wang, et al |
Medicine (Baltimore) |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Case report of a 64-year-old man with an anastomotic fistula after radical treatment of esophageal cancer and right-side
encapsulated pyopneumothorax was admitted with cough and dyspnea. This study provided a new insight on the proper treatment severe COVID-19 patients. The use of reasonable antibiotics and symptomatic respiratory support and other treatment, timely artificial
airway and repeated bronchoalveolar NAC inhalation solution lavage, expectorant and other airway management are essential for such patients. |
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Longmore, DanielleK, Miller, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We retrospectively extracted data from health care records and regional databases of hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 patients
from 69 hospitals (18 sites) in 11 countries in order to the association of obesity with in-hospital respiratory support and clinical outcomes. The findings indicate that overweight and obesity were independently associated with need for respiratory support
in COVID-19 patients. These findings inform individual-level risk stratification, management and health system planning for these high-risk groups. |
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López Prol, J, O, et al |
iScience |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
Here we show that the cumulative decline in electricity consumption within the 5 months following the stay-home orders
ranges between 3% and 12% in the most affected EU countries and USA states, except Florida, which shows no significant impact. Italy, France, Spain, California, Austria, and New York have recovered baseline consumption by the end of July, whereas Great Britain
and Germany remain below baseline levels. We also show that the relationship between measures stringency and daily decline in electricity consumption is nonlinear. |
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|
Characteristics of coagulation alteration in patients with COVID-19 |
Luo, HC, You, et al |
Ann Hematol |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
This retrospective study investigated the implications of changes in blood coagulation in patients with coronavirus
disease 2019 (COVID-19). A total of 85 patients were included, of whom 12 died in the hospital. The admission prothrombin time (PT), international normalized ratio (INR), and levels of D-dimer and fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) were significantly
higher in non-survivors than in survivors, while the reverse was true for prothrombin time activity (PT-act) and PaO2/FiO2. PT-act at admission is able to predict mortality in patients with COVID-19 as can D-dimer and FDP levels. PT-act < 75% is independently
associated with mortality. |
|
Lyngbakken, MN, Berdal, et al |
Nat Commun |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Therapeutics| Thérapeutique RCT |
We randomized 53 patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to hydroxychloroquine therapy in addition
to standard care or standard care alone . Treatment with hydroxychloroquine did not result in a significantly greater rate of decline in SARS-CoV-2 oropharyngeal viral load compared to standard care alone during the first five days. |
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Magklara, Konstantina, Lazaratou, et al |
medRxiv |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of the pandemic and the lockdown on children's and adolescents'
mental health in Greece. A cross-sectional survey of 1,232 Greek parents of children and adolescents aged < 18 years was conducted. Approximately one-third (35.1%) of parents reported that the psychological health of their children was considerably affected.
The most significant concern was social isolation. Unemployment, increased family conflicts, no opportunity for tele-work and a deteriorating psychological health of the parent, as well as children's previous history of physical health conditions were all
significantly associated with adverse mental health impact. |
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Mahil, SK, Dand, et al |
J Allergy Clin Immunol |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Objective: Characterize the course of COVID-19 in psoriasis and identify factors associated with hospitalization. Of
374 clinician-reported patients from 25 countries, 71% were receiving a biologic, 18% a non-biologic and 10% no systemic treatment for psoriasis. 348 (93%) fully recovered from COVID-19, 77 (21%) were hospitalized and nine (2%) died. Increased hospitalization
risk was associated with older age, male sex, non-white ethnicity and comorbid chronic lung disease. Hospitalization was more frequent in patients using non-biologic systemic therapy than biologics. |
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Malek, H, Maghsudi, et al |
J Nucl Cardiol |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We report a challenging finding of multifocal pulmonary uptake in an asymptomatic patient with typical features of
pulmonary involvement with COVID-19 infection, incidentally noticed in single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI). |
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|
Mancini, F, Barbanti, et al |
J Infect Dis |
Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes |
A diagnostic test able to discriminate SARS-CoV-2 from influenza viruses is urgently needed. Overall, 1,000 clinical
samples (600 samples SARS-CoV-2 infected patients, 200 samples from influenza infected patients and 200 negative samples) were analyzed. The assay developed was able to detect and discriminate each virus target, and to intercept co-infections. Only two influenza
co-infections were detected in COVID-19 samples. This study suggests that multiplex assay is a rapid, valid, and accurate method for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza viruses in clinical samples. |
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PMC7211729; Acute Type A Aortic Dissection
Complicated by COVID-19 Infection |
Martens, T, Vande Weygaerde, et al |
Ann Thorac Surg |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
A patient underwent surgery for acute type A aortic dissection. Testing for SARS-CoV-2 was positive. The postoperative
course was complicated by a mixed viral and bacterial pneumonia with bilateral infiltration, treated with antibiotics and hydroxychloroquine, without any need for reintubation. The patient recovered and finally could be discharged. This report shows the feasibility
for surgical treatment of acute aortic disease in patients with COVID-19. |
|
Mazzoni, A, Maggi, et al |
Eur J Immunol |
Immunology | Immunologie |
In this study, we detected T cells reactive to SARS‐CoV‐2 proteins M, S and N, as well as serum virus‐specific IgM,
IgA, IgG, in nearly all SARS‐CoV‐2 infected individuals, but not in healthy donors. Virus‐reactive T cells exhibited signs of in vivo activation, as suggested by the surface expression of immune‐checkpoint molecules PD1 and TIGIT. Of note, we detected antigen‐specific
adaptive immune response both in asymptomatic and symptomatic SARS‐CoV‐2 infected subjects. More importantly, symptomatic patients displayed a significantly higher magnitude of both cell‐mediated and humoral adaptive immune response to the virus, as compared
to asymptomatic individuals. These findings suggest that an uncontrolled adaptive immune response contribute to the development of the life threatening inflammatory phase of the disease. |
|
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PMC7557303; Numerical simulation of the novel
coronavirus spreading |
Medrek, M, Pastuszak, et al |
Expert Syst Appl |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health
interventions*| Interventions de santé publique |
In our study, we developed a cellular automata (CA) model for simulating the COVID-19 disease spreading. The enhanced
infectious disease dynamics SEIR (Susceptible, Exposed, Infectious, and Recovered) model was applied to estimate the epidemic trends in Poland, France, and Spain. The model presented allows for the examination of the effectiveness of preventive actions and
their impact on the spreading rate and the duration of the disease. It also shows the influence of structure and behavior of the populations studied on key epidemic parameters, such as mortality and infection rates. |
|
Melegari, G, Bertellini, et al |
Artif Organs |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We here present a case of severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by COVID‐19 and acute renal failure. The patient
was admitted to our intensive care unit and treated with mechanical ventilation, renal replacement therapy, and hemoadsorption to reduce the cytokine release syndrome, which plays a fundamental role in the clinical presentation of COVID‐19 patients. |
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Melman, GeorgeJ, Parlikad, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
A discrete-event-simulation model is proposed in this paper to describe COVID-19, elective surgery, and emergency surgery
patient flows. COVID-19-specific patient flows and a surgical patient flow network were constructed based on data of 475 COVID-19 patients and 28,831 non-COVID-19 patients in Addenbrooke's hospital in the UK. The model enabled the evaluation of three resource
allocation strategies, for two COVID-19 wave scenarios: proactive cancellation of elective surgery, reactive cancellation of elective surgery, and ring-fencing operating theatre capacity. The results suggest that a ring-fencing strategy outperforms the other
strategies, regardless of the COVID-19 scenario, in terms of total direct deaths and the number of surgeries performed. However, this does come at the cost of 50% more critical care rejections. In terms of aggregate hospital performance, a reactive cancellation
strategy prioritising COVID-19 is no longer favourable if more than 7.3% of elective surgeries can be considered life-saving. Additionally, the model demonstrates the impact of timely hospital preparation and staff availability, on the ability to treat patients
during a pandemic. |
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The relationship between cardiac injury, inflammation and coagulation in
predicting COVID-19 outcome |
Mengozzi, Alessandro, Georgiopoulos, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We aimed to assess the relationship between severity of inflammatory response/coagulation abnormalities and High sensitivity
troponin T (hsTnT) in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this single-center, prospective, observational study we enrolled 266 consecutive patients hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. hsTnT, even after adjustment for confounders, was associated with
mortality. D-dimer and CRP presented stronger associations with hsTnT than PaO2. Changes of hsTnT, D-dimer and CRP were related but only D-dimer was associated with mortality. Moreover, low molecular weight heparin showed attenuation of the mortality in the
whole population, particularly in subjects with higher hsTnT. These findings suggest a major role of SARS-CoV-2 coagulopathy in hsTnT elevation and its related mortality in COVID-19. |
|
Mersha, Abera, Shibiru, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
In this study, six main themes identified with the sub-themes. Overview of COVID-19 pandemic, consequences (with the
two sub-theme), perceived practice (with four sub-theme), perceived militating factors (with four sub-theme), newfangled activities (with three sub-theme), and suggestion for improvement (with seven sub-theme) were the major themes. The participants perceived
the influence of shortage of personal protective equipment and solutions for hand hygiene, negligence and ignorance, inadequate infrastructure, lack of training, and lack of attention and recognition for the staff on the practice of preventive measures. |
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Survival analysis of COVID-19 patients in russia using machine learning |
Metsker, O, Kopanitsa, et al |
|
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
In this study we analyze mortality for COVID19 patients in Russia. We identify comorbidities and risk factors for different
groups of patients including cardiovascular diseases and therapy. To analyze Features importance for the mortality we have calculated Shapley values for the 'mortality' class and ANN hidden layer coefficients for patient lifetime. We calculated the distribution
of days spent in hospital before death to show how many days a patient occupies a bed depending on the age and the severity of the disease to allow optimal resource planning and enable age-based risk assessment. Predictors of the days spent in hospital were
calculated using Pearson correlation coefficient. Decisions trees were developed to classify the patients into the groups and reveal the lethality factors. |
|
Micalizzi, L, Zambrotta, et al |
Br J Health Psychol |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
The goal of this study was to describe stockpiling behaviour in response to COVID‐19 and investigate individual predictors
of stockpiling.Participants stockpiled, on average, approximately 6 items, and toilet paper was the item most commonly procured. Approximately 25% of the sample acquired a gun or other weapon in response to the pandemic and approximately 20% of participants
stockpiled gold or other precious metals. Stockpiling was more commonly observed among individuals who were more conservative, worried more about the pandemic, and social distanced less. |
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Middleton, Paul, Perez-Guzman, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
We performed a retrospective cohort study in two large London hospitals to characterize the demographic, clinical,
and hospitalization outcome characteristics of swab-negative clinical COVID-19 patients. We found 1 in 5 patients with a negative swab and clinical suspicion of COVID-19 received a clinical diagnosis of COVID-19 within clinical documentation, discharge summary
or death certificate. We compared this group to a similar swab positive cohort and found similar demographic composition, symptomology and laboratory findings. Swab-negative clinical COVID-19 patients had better outcomes, with shorter length of hospital stay,
reduced need for >60% supplementary oxygen and reduced mortality. |
|
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Statistical deconvolution for inference of infection
time series |
Miller, AndrewC, Hannah, et al |
medRxiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
We develop an estimator with a regularization scheme to cope with sources of noise, which we term the Robust Incidence
Deconvolution Estimator (RIDE). We validate RIDE on synthetic data, comparing accuracy and stability to existing approaches. We then use RIDE to study COVID-19 records in the United States, and find evidence that infection estimates from reported cases can
be more informative than estimates from mortality data. |
|
Impact of COVID-19 on cardiac procedure
activity in England and associated 30-day mortality |
Mohamed, MO, Banerjee, et al |
Eur Heart J Qual Care Clin Outcomes |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
All major cardiac procedures (n = 374,899) performed between 1st January and 31st May for the years 2018, 2019 and
2020 were analysed, stratified by procedure type and time-period. Cardiac procedural activity has significantly declined across England during the COVID-19 pandemic, with a deficit in excess of 45000 procedures, without an increase in risk of mortality for
most cardiac procedures performed during the pandemic. |
|
Mohammad, A, Alshawaf, et al |
Int J Infect Dis |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
The aim of this study was to characterize the D614 G mutation of SARS-CoV-2 S-protein, which may affect viral infectivity.
The D614 G mutation in the G clade induced the flexibility of S-protein, resulting in increased furin binding which may enhance S-protein cleave and infiltration of host cells. As such, SARS-CoV-2 D614 G mutation may result in a more virulent strain. |
|
|
Mohammadi, S, Heidarizadeh, et al |
Microorganisms |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
In this paper, we studied the in silico interaction of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) human receptor with two
bioactive compounds, i.e., nicotine and caffeine, via molecular dynamic (MD) simulations. The simulations reveal the efficient blocking of ACE2 by caffeine and nicotine in the exposure to the spike (S) protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus
2 (SARS-CoV-2). Our results reveal that caffeine or nicotine in a specific molar ratio to 6LZG shows a very strong interaction and indicate that caffeine is more efficient in the interaction with 6LZG and further blocking of this site against S protein binding.
Further, we investigated the interaction of ACE2 receptor- S protein with nicotine or caffeine when mixed with candidate or approved antiviral drugs for SARS-CoV-2 therapy. Our MD simulations suggest that the combination of caffeine with ribavirin shows a
stronger interaction with 6VW1, while in case of favipiravir+nicotine, 6LZG shows potent efficacy of these interaction, proposing the potent efficacy of these combinations for blocking ACE2 receptor against SARS-CoV-2. |
|
|
Mulchandani, Ranya, Brown, et al |
medRxiv |
Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes |
Objective: To compare antibody detection in dried blood spot eluates using the Roche Elecsys immunoassay (index test)
with antibody detection in paired plasma samples, using the same assay (reference test).18/195 (9.2%) participants tested positive using plasma samples. DBS sample quality varied markedly by phlebotomist, and low sample volume significantly reduced immunoassay
signals. Using a cut-off of ten median absolute deviations above the immunoassay result with negative samples, sensitivity and specificity of DBS were 89.0% (95% CI 67.2, 96.9%) and 100.0% (95% CI 97.9, 100%) respectively compared with using plasma. The limit
of detection for DBS is about 30 times higher than for plasma. |
|
|
Nabe-Nielsen, K, Nilsson, et al |
Occup Environ Med |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
We compared COVID-19 risk management, fear of infection and fear of transmission of infection among frontline employees
working within eldercare, hospital/rehabilitation, psychiatry, childcare and ambulance service and explored if group differences in fear of infection and transmission could be explained by differences in risk management. Not all differences in fear of infection
and transmission between the five areas of work were explained by differences in risk management. |
|
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PMC7567656; Periungual desquamation in a Japanese Adult recovering from severe
COVID-19 |
Nakamoto, T, Ishikane, et al |
Int J Infect Dis |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We report a case of 50-year-old Japanese male who developed periungual desquamation in hand and feet, during recovery
phase of severe COVID-19. As coronary lesions (CALs) have been reported during the recovery phase of severe COVID-19 in children as well as Kawasaki disease, caution may be necessary in adults as well. |
|
Náraigh, LÓ, Byrne, et al |
Math Biosci |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health
interventions*| Interventions de santé publique Economics | Économie |
We introduce a deterministic SEIR model and fit it to epidemiological data for the COVID-19 outbreak in Ireland. We
couple the model to economic considerations - we formulate an optimal control problem in which the cost to the economy of the various non-pharmaceutical interventions is minimized, subject to hospital admissions never exceeding a threshold value corresponding
to health-service capacity. Within the framework of the model, the optimal strategy of disease control is revealed to be one of disease suppression, rather than disease mitigation. |
|
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PMC7568051; Acute aorto-iliac occlusion in patient with COVID-19 |
Naudin, I, Long, et al |
J Vasc Surg |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We report a case of acute aorto-iliac and lower limb artery occlusions in a patient presenting with severe COVID-19
infection. The patient underwent aorto-iliac and lower limb artery mechanical thrombectomy but required unilateral major amputation. |
|
Newell, Ty |
medRxiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health
interventions*| Interventions de santé publique |
Our two-parameter, human behavior Covid-19 infection growth model predicts total infections between -4.2% (overprediction)
and 4.5% (underprediction) of actual infections from July 27, 2020 to September 30, 2020 for 10 US States. During that time, total Covid-19 infections for 9 of the 10 modeled US States grew by 60% (MI) to 95% (MN). Overall, model predictions continue to support
the basic premise that human behavior in the US oscillates across a linear infection growth boundary that divides accelerated infection growth and decaying infection transmission. |
|
|
Ng, KW, Attig, et al |
Nat Genet |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Using a recent de novo transcript assembly that captured previously unannotated transcripts, we describe a new isoform
of ACE2, generated by co-option of intronic retroelements as promoter and alternative exon. The MIRb-ACE2 translation product is a truncated, unstable ACE2 form, lacking domains required for SARS-CoV-2 binding and is therefore unlikely to contribute to or
enhance viral infection. |
|
|
Structural and metabolic brain abnormalities in COVID-19
patients with sudden loss of smell |
Niesen, Maxime, Trotta, et al |
medRxiv |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
This study characterizes the structural and metabolic cerebral correlates of dysosmia in patients with COVID-19. This
PET-MR study shows that sudden loss of smell in COVID-19 is not related to central involvement due to SARS-CoV-2 neuroinvasiveness. Loss of smell is associated with heterogeneous cerebral metabolic changes in core olfactory and high-order cortical areas likely
related to combined processes of deafferentation and active functional reorganisation secondary to the lack of olfactory stimulation. |
|
Nissen, JB, Højgaard, et al |
BMC Psychiatry |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
The present study aimed to examine how children/adolescents with OCD react towards COVID-19 crisis. participants experienced
a worsening of their OCD, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. The aggravation of OCD correlated with the worsening of anxiety, depressive symptoms, and the extent of avoidance behavior. The study points towards an influence of the OCD phenotype, baseline insight
suggesting a continued vulnerability, and a family history of psychiatric disorders. |
|
|
PMC7561430; Spiritual Health and Stress in Pregnant Women During the Covid-19 Pandemic |
Nodoushan, RJ, Alimoradi, et al |
SN Compr Clin Med |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
This study aimed to evaluate the physical health status with the spiritual and mental health of pregnant women during
the COVID-19 pandemic. The results of this study showed that preterm birth, height, weight, and head circumference of babies and lungs and respiratory status of children with mental health and stress levels of pregnant women during the corona are significant
compared with the previous of corona (p < 0.05). Increasing stress and decreasing the mental health of pregnant women during COVID-19 pandemic can increase the influencing factors in preterm delivery and unhealthy birth. |
|
PMC7568470; Disinfection of 3D-printed protective face shield during COVID-19 Pandemic |
Noguera, SV, Espinoza, et al |
Am J Infect Control |
Infection Prevention and Control/ Prévention et contrôle des infections (IPAC/PCI) |
The aim of this study was to evaluate the face shields obtained by 3D-Printing technology, test chemical disinfectants
and autoclaving to disinfecting the models and to assess the comfort, visibility and feasibility on real life. We also investigated their clinical suitability by applying a questionnaire to health workers (HW) who used them. Each type of disinfection was done
40 times on each type of mask without physical damage. In contrast, autoclaving led to appreciable damage. |
|
Corrected Estimation of COVID-19 Cases in Mexico: A Nation-Wide
Open Data Modelling Study |
Núñez, Isaac, Belaunzarán-Zamudio, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
We estimated the corrected number of COVID-19 confirmed cases, ICU admissions and deaths in Mexico accounting for the
probabilities of false-negative tests. There were 1 343 730 people tested between February 27th and August 31st, 2020. We included 1 280 910 patients with available results. There were 604 376 confirmed cases. Accounting for SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR based diagnostic
tests precision is a simple way to improve estimations for the true number of COVID-19 cases in tested people, particularly in high-prevalence populations. |
|
Ogawa, Y, Nagata, et al |
J Thromb Thrombolysis |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We present a case of acute pulmonary thrombosis due to COVID-19 for which veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
(VA-ECMO) therapy was administered, and thrombocytopenia that developed with PF4/heparin antibody formation. The patient was successfully treated with low dosage introduction of argatroban. |
|
|
Association between live childhood vaccines and COVID-19
outcomes: a national-level analysis |
Ogimi, Chikara, Qu, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
We investigated whether countries with higher coverage of childhood live vaccines [BCG or measles-containing-vaccine
(MCV)] have reduced risk of COVID-19 related mortality, accounting for known systems differences between countries. In this ecological study of 140 countries using publicly available national-level data, higher vaccine coverage, representing estimated proportion
of people vaccinated during the last 15 years, was associated with lower COVID-19 deaths. |
|
Olotu, FA, Omolabi, et al |
Inform Med Unlocked |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
in this study, for the first time, we employed an integrative meta-analytical approach to investigate the allosteric
inhibitory mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 S-protein and its association with hACE2. Findings revealed two druggable sites (Sites 1 and 2) located at the N-terminal domain (NTD) and S2 regions of the protein. We believe these findings would pave way for the structure-based
discovery of allosteric SARS-CoV-2 S-protein inhibitors for COVID-19 treatment. |
|
|
Onabajo, OO, Banday, et al |
Nat Genet |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Here, we report the discovery of a novel, transcriptionally independent truncated isoform of ACE2, which we designate
as deltaACE2 (dACE2). We demonstrate that dACE2, but not ACE2, is an ISG. Our results suggest that the ISG-type induction of dACE2 in IFN-high conditions created by treatments, an inflammatory tumor microenvironment or viral co-infections is unlikely to increase
the cellular entry of SARS-CoV-2 and promote infection. |
|
|
Environmental contamination in a COVID-19 intensive care unit (ICU) - what is the risk? |
Ong, SWX, Lee, et al |
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques Infection Prevention and
Control/ Prévention et contrôle des infections (IPAC/PCI) |
We aimed to evaluate the extent of environmental contamination in the ICU and correlate this with patient and disease
factors, including the impact of different ventilatory modalities. 200 samples from 20 patient rooms, and 75 samples from common areas and the staff pantry, were tested. 14 rooms had at least one site contaminated, with an overall contamination rate of 14%.
Environmental contamination in the ICU is lower compared to the GW. Use of mechanical ventilation or high-flow nasal oxygen was not associated with greater surface contamination, supporting their use and safety from an infection control perspective. |
|
Österdahl, MF, Lee, et al |
BMC Infect Dis |
Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes |
We tested reverse transcription loop mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP), a method which can produce results
in under 30 min, alongside standard methods in a real-life clinical setting. RT-LAMP testing for SARS-CoV-2 was found to be promising, fast and to work equivalently to RT-PCR methods. RT-LAMP has the potential to transform COVID-19 detection, bringing rapid
and accurate testing to the PoC. RT-LAMP could be deployed in mobile community testing units, care homes and hospitals to detect disease early and prevent spread. |
|
|
Outlaw, VK, Bovier, et al |
mBio |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
Here, we describe the development of a lipopeptide that is derived from the C-terminal heptad repeat (HRC) domain of
SARS-CoV-2 S that potently inhibits infection by SARS-CoV-2. While viral spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection was widespread in untreated airways, those treated with SARS-CoV-2 HRC lipopeptide showed no detectable evidence of viral spread. These data provide a framework
for the development of peptide therapeutics for the treatment of or prophylaxis against SARS-CoV-2 as well as other coronaviruses. |
|
|
A computational tool for trend analysis and forecast of the COVID-19 pandemic |
Paiva, Henrique Mohallem, Afonso, et al |
arXiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
This paper proposes a methodology and a computational tool to study the COVID-19 pandemic throughout the world and
to perform a trend analysis to assess its local dynamics. The main contributions of this work lie in (i) a straightforward model of the curves to represent the data, which allows automation of the process without requiring interventions from experts; (ii)
an innovative approach for trend analysis, whose results provide important information to support authorities in their decision-making process; and (iii) the developed computational tool, which is freely available and allows the user to quickly update the
COVID-19 analyses and forecasts for any country, United States county or Brazilian state or city present in the periodic reports from the authorities. |
|
Palinkas, LA, Whiteside, et al |
BMJ Open |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
We assess the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on service delivery by frontline healthcare providers in acute care
medical and emergency department settings and identify strategies used to cope with pandemic-related physical and mental health demands. Although limited to one setting in one healthcare system in one community, the findings offer some important lessons for
healthcare systems that have yet to be impacted as well as systems that have been more severely impacted. Each of the socioecological framework levels was found to impact service delivery to patients, and variations at each of these levels account for variations
in that quality of care globally. |
|
|
Panda, PK, Bandyopadhyay, et al |
Trials |
RCT |
We compare the safety and efficacy of Hydroxychloroquine with Ribavirin and standard treatment in patients with non-severe
COVID-19 infection and the safety and efficacy of standard treatment, Lopinavir-ritonavir with Ribavarin, and Hydroxychloroquine with Ribavirin in patients with severe COVID-19 infection. |
|
|
Balint-Holmes Syndrome due to stroke following SARS-CoV-2 infection: a
single case report |
Panico, Francesco, Arini, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
In the present case report we describe the clinical features of a patient showing Balint-Holmes’ syndrome following
bilateral parieto-occipital damage due to a stroke after SARS-CoV-2 infection. During neuropsychological assessment, the patient demonstrated severe optic ataxia, simulatanagnosia and gaze apraxia, which represent pathognomonic signs of Balint-Holmes’ syndrome. |
|
PMC7568036; Mass screening of healthcare personnel for SARS-CoV-2 in the northern
emirates |
Park, SS, Oh, et al |
J Hosp Infect |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the universal staff screening for COVID-19 and identify any risk
factor for viral infection. Of 101 COVID-19 cases, 99 (98.0%) were support staff. The generalized estimating equations demonstrated that support staff were more likely to contract the infection, even after adjusting for age and sex. On the contrary, contact
tracing and symptom-based testing during the same period revealed a higher number of positive cases in the non-support staff than support staff. Nearly all staff with COVID-19 (90.9%) found were not connected through transmission, except for one small cluster.
The proportion of asymptomatic COVID-19 cases supports the utility of the universal screening of HCP. However, as mass screening for a long time seems unsustainable, targeted screening for high-risk groups might be an alternative in the second wave of COVID-19. |
|
SARS-CoV-2 Detection on Bronchoalveolar Lavage: An Italian Multicenter experience |
Patrucco, F, Albera, et al |
Respiration |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic ratio of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in detecting SARS-CoV-2 pulmonary infection
in patients undergoing bronchoscopy for different indications. SARS-CoV-2 was isolated on BAL 43 times (32.8%) and the highest isolation rate was in patients with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection (74.4%); 76% of positive patients had a double-negative nasopharyngeal
swab. Peripheral, posterior and multilobar CT opacities were more frequent in SARS-CoV-2 patients |
|
Paul, Swarna Kamal, Jana, et al |
medRxiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
We modified discrete global Susceptible-Infected-Removed model by using time varying transmission rate, recovery rate
and multiple spatially local models. The model achieved 8.39% mean absolute percent error in terms of cumulative infection cases in each locality in a 10-day prediction period. A what-if scenario with modified recovery rate illustrates rapid dampening of
the spread when forecasted with the trained model. A comparative study with current normal scenario reveals key necessary steps to reach baseline. |
|
|
Pegoraro, M, Militello, et al |
Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis |
Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes |
Results of three rapid immunochromatographic tests (ICTs) were compared with those obtained with two automated immunoassays
for evaluation of their usefulness. Different assays demonstrate 41-45% of diagnostic sensitivities and 91-98% of specificities, with substantial agreement (89.3-91.2%). |
|
|
Perlman, A, Vodonos Zilberg, et al |
J Med Internet Res |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques Healthcare Response |
Réponse des soins de santé |
The aims of this study are to describe the characteristics of people who use digital health tools to address COVID-19-related
concerns in the United States. During the period assessed, 71,619 individuals completed the COVID-19 self-assessment, 41,425 also used the AI-driven symptom checker, and 2523 consulted with remote physicians. Individuals who used the COVID-19 self-assessment
were predominantly female. Testing for COVID-19 was reported by 2901 users, of whom 433 (14.9%) reported testing positive. Users who tested positive for COVID-19 were more likely to have reported loss of smell or taste and other established COVID-19 symptoms
as well as ocular symptoms. |
|
|
Composition of the immunoglobulin G glycome associates
with the severity of COVID-19 |
Petrovic, Tea, Alves, et al |
medRxiv |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Immunology | Immunologie |
We evaluated the association of inter-individual variation in IgG N-glycome composition with the severity of COVID-19.
The analysis of 166 severe and 167 mild cases from hospitals in Spain, Italy and Portugal revealed statistically significant differences in the composition of the IgG N-glycome. The most notable difference was the decrease in bisecting N-acetylglucosamine
(GlcNAc) in severe patients from all three cohorts. IgG galactosylation was also lower in severe cases in all cohorts, but the difference in galactosylation was not statistically significant after correction for multiple testing. |
|
Pettit, NatashaN, Nguyen, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
We developed a guideline for antibiotic initiation and discontinuation for community acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP)
in COVID-19 patients. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of this intervention on the duration of empiric CABP antibiotic therapy among patients with COVID-19. A total of 506 patients with COVID-19 were evaluated, 102 pre-intervention and 404
post-intervention. Prior to the intervention, 74.5% (n=76) of patients with COVID-19 received empiric antibiotics compared to only 42% of patients post-intervention (n=170), p<0.001. There were no differences between groups in terms of clinical outcomes. |
|
|
Disparities in use of telehealth at the onset of the COVID-19 public health emergency |
Pierce, RP, Stevermer, et al |
J Telemed Telecare |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
We investigated potential disparities in telehealth use during the COVID-19 pandemic according to demographic (age,
sex and race/ethnicity), rurality and insurance payer subgroups. The likelihood of any telehealth visit in the first 30 days of telehealth expansion was higher for women, those age 65 years and older, self-pay patients, and those with Medicaid and Medicare
as primary payers. The likelihood of a telehealth visit was reduced for rural residence and Black or other races. |
|
Polyakova, M, Kocks, et al |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Economics | Économie |
We use publicly available monthly data from January 2011 through April 2020 on all-cause death counts from the Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention and employment from the Current Population Survey to estimate excess all-cause mortality and employment displacement in April 2020 in the United States. Nationally, excess all-cause mortality was 2.4 per 10,000 individuals
and employment displacement was 9.9 per 100 individuals. Across age groups 25 y and older, excess mortality was negatively correlated with economic damage; excess mortality was largest among the oldest (individuals 85 y and over: 39.0 per 10,000), while employment
displacement was largest among the youngest (individuals 25 to 44 y: 11.6 per 100 individuals). |
|
|
Prodhan, Georgina |
medRxiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical
data| Données cliniques |
This paper presents an extension of an existing Bayesian network model for an application in which people can add their
own personal risk factors to calculate their probability of exposure to the virus and likely severity if they do catch the illness. The network, designed for use in the UK, is built using detailed data from government and health authorities, and is capable
of dynamic updates as new information becomes available. The focus of the paper is on the extended set of risk factors such as age, obesity and sex. |
|
|
Pundir, H, Joshi, et al |
Mol Divers |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
We have identified two novel potent inhibitors of the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 (PubChem3408741 and PubChem4167619)
by pharmacophore-based high-throughput virtual screening. The molecular docking, toxicity, and pharmacophore analysis indicate that these compounds may act as potential anti-viral candidates. |
|
|
Pylińska-Dąbrowska, D, Starzyńska, et al |
J Clin Med |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
The aim of the study was to assess the attitude of patients towards the new situation related to the reduced availability
of dental offices providing oral surgery procedures. The level of anxiety associated with surgical intervention was measured using a self-made COVID-19 questionnaire and the MDAS scale. The study showed that 21.9% of respondents presented with increased anxiety
about a dental visit compared with the time before the pandemic. |
|
|
Markedly Enhanced Levels of Peroxyacetyl Nitrate (PAN) During COVID-19 in Beijing |
Qiu, Y, Ma, et al |
Geophysical Research Letters |
Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique |
High levels of secondary air pollutants during COVID-19 in China have aroused great concern. In Beijing, measured daily
mean peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) increased by 2-3 times during the pandemic lockdown. |
|
Rana, Muhammad Asim, Hashmi, et al |
medRxiv |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
As Tocilizumab has been an important part of our treatment and a strict criterion was followed to administer Tocilizumab,
a retrospective study design used to assess the beneficial effects of Tocilizumab in improvement of ratio partial pressure of arterial Oxygen and fraction of inspired Oxygen (PaO2/FiO2 or P/F ratio) and C- reactive protein (CRP) in COVID19 patients has been
done. Tocilizumab appears to be associated with improvement in P/F Ratio and CRP in COVID19 patients but other markers did not improve in response to Tocilizumab therapy in severely ill COVID-19 patients |
|
|
Rasambainarivo, Fidisoa, Rasoanomenjanahary, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
Here, we characterize how large an impact on mortality would have to be to be detectable using the uniquely detailed
mortality notification data from the city of Antananarivo in Madagascar, with application to a recent measles outbreak. This approach to detecting anomalies from expected baseline mortality allows us to delineate the prevalence of COVID-19 at which excess
mortality would be detectable with the existing death notification system in the capital of Madagascar. Given current age-specific estimates of the COVID-19 fatality ratio and the age structure of the population in Antananarivo, we estimate that as few as
11 deaths per week in the 60-70 years age group (corresponding to an infection rate of approximately 1%) would detectably exceed the baseline. |
|
|
Rattanapisit, K, Shanmugaraj, et al |
Sci Rep |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
In this study, we explored the possibility of producing the receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 and an anti-SARS-CoV
monoclonal antibody (mAb) CR3022 in Nicotiana benthamiana. The plant-produced RBD exhibited specific binding to the SARS-CoV-2 receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Furthermore, the plant-produced mAb CR3022 binds to SARS-CoV-2, but fails to neutralize
the virus in vitro. Overall these findings provide a proof-of-concept for using plants as an expression system for the production of SARS-CoV-2 antigens and antibodies in order to produce diagnostic reagents, vaccines and therapeutics. |
|
|
Reidy, J, Brown-Johnson, et al |
J Pain Symptom Manage |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
One approach to bridging the divide created by PPE is the use of PPE portraits, postcard-sized pictures affixed to
PPE. Our confidential electronic mail-based survey aimed to quantify provider attitudes toward PPE portraits. Attitudes toward PPE portraits were positive overall, with agreement that PPE portraits were a good idea (89%), improved provider mood (79%), enhanced
perception of team connection (72%), and more positive among those who reported exposure. |
|
|
Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in a population
from Veracruz (Southeastern Mexico) |
Remes-Troche, Jose, Ramos-de-la-Medina, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Immunology | Immunologie |
Here, we investigated the prevalence of IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in a population living in Veracruz City,
Mexico. Overall, 642 of 2174 (29.5%) of our population were seropositive. Seropositivity among groups was 21.3% in asymptomatic, 23.4% in self-suspicious patients and 73.9% in previous infection patients. |
|
Age-Stratified SARS-CoV-2 Infection Fatality Rates
in New York City estimated from serological data |
Rickards, ChloeG, Kilpatrick, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
The objective of this study was to estimate infection fatality rates (IFRs) for COVID-19 in New York City and compare
them to IFRs from other countries. We found that IFRs increased approximately 77-fold with age, from 0.07% in 18-44 year olds to 5.4% in individuals 75 and older. New York City IFRs were higher for 18-44 year olds and 45-64 year olds than Spanish, English,
and Swiss populations, but IFRs for 75+ year olds were lower than for English populations and similar to Spanish and Swiss populations. |
|
Riehm, KE, Holingue, et al |
Am J Prev Med |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
This study assesses whether exposure to social and traditional media during the rise of the COVID-19 pandemic was associated
with mental distress among U.S. adults. Exposure to a greater number of traditional media sources and more hours on social media was modestly associated with mental distress during the rise of the COVID-19 pandemic in the U.S. |
|
|
Evaluation of Undetected Cases During the COVID-19 Epidemic in
Austria |
Rippinger, Claire, Bicher, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
This study analyses the temporal dynamic of detected vs. undetected cases to provide guidance for the interpretation
of prevalence and incidence studies performed to estimate the detection rate. We used an agent-based model to evaluate assumptions on the detection probability ranging from 0·1 to 0·9. For each general detection probability, we derived age-dependent detection
probabilities and calibrated the model to reproduce the epidemic wave of COVID-19 in Austria from March 2020 to June 2020. The calculation of the age-dependent detection probability ruled values lower than 0·4 as most likely. Furthermore, the proportion of
undetected cases depends strongly on the dynamic of the epidemic wave. |
|
Risch, Martin, Weber, et al |
medRxiv |
Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes |
We aimed to describe positivity rate of SARS-CoV-2 assays employing three different measurement principles over a prolonged
period. Combinations of tests were assessed within an orthogonal testing approach employing two independent assays and predictive values were calculated. During a follow-up period of more than 9 weeks, chemiluminescence assays and one ELISA IgG test showed
stable positivity rates after the third week. With the exception of ECLIA, the positive predictive values (PPVs) of the other chemiluminescence assays were ≥95% for COVID-19 only after the second week. ELISA and LFIA had somewhat lower PPVs. IgM exhibited
insufficient predictive characteristics. An orthogonal testing approach increases the accuracy of positive, but not negative, predictions. |
|
|
Clinical profile and prognosis in patients on oral anticoagulation before admission for
COVID-19 |
Rivera-Caravaca, J, Núñez-Gil, et al |
Eur J Clin Invest |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
In the present study, our aim was to characterize the clinical profile and short-term prognosis of patients on oral
anticoagulation (OAC) therapy for diverse indications admitted for COVID-19. Compared to patients without prior OAC, COVID-19 patients on OAC therapy at hospital admission showed lower survival and higher mortality risk. In these patients on OAC therapy,
the prevalence of several comorbidities is high. |
|
Rodon, Jordi, Munoz-Basagoiti, et al |
bioRxiv |
Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
We have screened existing drugs approved for human use in a variety of diseases, to compare how they counteract SARS-CoV-2-induced
cytopathic effect and viral replication in vitro. Among the potential 72 antivirals tested herein that were previously proposed to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection, only 18% had antiviral activity. Moreover, only eight families had an IC50 below 25 μM or 102 IU/mL.
These include chloroquine derivatives and remdesivir, along with plitidepsin, cathepsin inhibitors, nelfinavir mesylate hydrate, interferon 2-alpha, interferon-gamma, fenofibrate and camostat. We also assessed several drug combinations. |
|
|
Roof, KS, Butler, et al |
Adv Radiat Oncol |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
Report initial experience with weekly tele-video “virtual” on treatment visits (vOTVs). Virtual OTVs were easy to implement
and well received by patients and participating physicians. Our experience suggests that vOTVs can be implemented rapidly using available technology, and with a high degree of patient and physician satisfaction during this pandemic with similar efficiency
to in person OTVs. |
|
|
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement during the COVID-19 pandemic-A Dutch single-center
analysis |
Rooijakkers, MJP, Li, et al |
J Card Surg |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Evaluate the safety and feasibility of patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) during the
COVID‐19 pandemic with specific emphasis on COVID‐19 related outcomes. A total of 71 patients have undergone TAVR during the study period, procedural success was 99%. After TAVR, 30% involved admission to the ICU, and 94% were ultimately discharged to the
cardiac care unit on the same day. A continued TAVR program during the COVID‐19 pandemic is feasible despite limited hospital resources. However, COVID‐19 related mortality after TAVR is of concern. |
|
Rossi, B, Nguyen, et al |
Pharmaceuticals (Basel) |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
In this study, tocilizumab 400 mg in a single-dose was associated with improved survival without mechanical ventilation
in patients with severe COVID-19. |
|
|
Sabino, BD, Alonso, et al |
Infect Dis (Lond) |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Describe a 24-year-old clinical laboratory professional (confirmed with antibodies) residing in metropolitan area
of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, without risk factors for COVID-19. |
|
|
The role of a chest computed tomography severity score in coronavirus disease
2019 pneumonia |
Salaffi, F, Carotti, et al |
Medicine (Baltimore) |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection
d'agents pathogènes |
Study was to investigate chest CT findings in COVID-19 patients in order to determine the optimal cut-off value of
a CT severity score that can be considered a potential prognostic indicator of a severe/critical outcome. The mean CT severity score was 63.95 in the severe/critical group, and 35.62 in the mild/typical group (P < .001). ROC curve analysis showed that a CT
severity score of 38 predicted the development of severe/critical symptoms. |
|
Salfi, Federico, Amicucci, et al |
medRxiv |
Public Health Priorities| Priorités de santé publique Public Health response| Interventions
de santé publique |
Investigated the relationship between the changes in evening screen exposure and the time course of sleep disturbances
during the home confinement period due to COVID-19. Investigation demonstrated a strong relationship between the modifications of the evening electronic device usage and the time course of sleep disturbances during the lockdown period. Interventions to raise
public awareness about the risks of excessive exposure to backlit screens are necessary to prevent sleep disturbances and foster well-being during the home confinement due to COVID-19. |
|
|
Salvarani, C, Dolci, et al |
JAMA Intern Med |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques Therapeutics| Thérapeutique
RCT |
In this randomized clinical trial of hospitalized adult patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and Pao2/Fio2 ratio between
200 and 300 mm Hg who received tocilizumab, no benefit on disease progression was observed compared with standard care. Further blinded, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trials are needed to confirm the results and to evaluate possible applications of
tocilizumab in different stages of the disease. |
|
|
Santos, Marisa, Guimaraes, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
Describe the Covid-19 epidemic curve from a cardiovascular specialized nosocomial unit, in Brazil. A total of 613 tests
were performed on 548 employees between March 23, 2020, and June 4, 2020; with 45.7% positivity from the samples, representing 11.9% of the total employees. The epidemic curve showed a profound drop after the first week of May. The data showed a high contamination
rate despite the widespread availability of personal protective equipment and employees training. |
|
|
Sarma, Uddipan, Ghosh, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health
interventions*| Interventions de santé publique |
In response to the COVID19 outbreak many countries have implemented lockdown to ensure social distancing. However,
long lockdowns globally affected the livelihood of millions of people resulting in subsequent unlocks that started a second wave of infection in multiple countries. Unlocking of the economies critically imposes extra burden on testing and quarantine of the
infected people to keep the reproduction number (R0) <1. This, as we demonstrate, requires optimizing a cost-benefit trade-off between testing rate and unlock extent. We delineate a strategy to optimize the trade-off by utilizing a data-trained epidemic model
and coupling it with a stochastic agent based model to implement contact tracing. In a country specific manner, we quantitatively demonstrate how combination of unlock and testing can maintain R0 <1 |
|
|
Schoergenhofer, C, Jilma, et al |
Ann Intern Med |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
Measure trough levels of lopinavir and ritonavir in patients with COVID-19. Trough concentrations of lopinavir ranged
from 6.2 to 24.3 µg/mL (median, 13.6 µg/mL). Trough concentrations seemed to be associated with C-reactive protein (Spearman correlation coefficient rS = 0.81). All patients had an unremarkable disease course and were discharged from the normal care ward.
Specific adverse effects of lopinavir and ritonavir were not observed. |
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Selingerova, I, Valik, et al |
J Med Virol |
Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes |
Plasma specimens from COVID‐19 patients were double‐tested for anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies by two different batches
of MAGLUMI™ 2019‐nCov IgM/IgG assays to evaluate IgM/IgG levels, qualitative interpretation, antibody kinetics and linearity of diluted specimen. Here we show that (i) high‐level IgM specimens need to be diluted with negative human plasma but not kit diluents
and (ii) measured anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 IgM/IgG concentrations are substantially higher with later marketed immunoassay batch leading to (iii) the change of qualitative interpretation (positive vs. negative) in 12.3 % of specimens measured for IgM, (iv) the informative
time‐course pattern of antibody production only when data from different immunoassay batches are not combined. |
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Shao, H, Qin, et al |
Cell Prolif |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
In this case series, authors assayed serum levels of surfactant D (SPD; AT2 cell marker), the receptor for advanced
glycation products (RAGE; AT1 cell marker), von Willebrand factor (vWF; endothelial cell marker), and laminin (lung matrix) in patients with COVID‐19 at acute infection stage (9‐14 days after illness onset) and recovery stage (14 days after virus clearance)
admitted to Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University in China. Study findings suggest, Our study, suggests that insufficient alveolar repair may increase lung vulnerability to inhaled microbes and substances or lead to lung fibrosis especially in discharged male
COVID‐19 patients. Therefore, our data demonstrate that it will take an unexpectedly longer time to recover from SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. |
|
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Sherratt, Katharine, Abbott, et al |
medRxiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
Estimated Rt using a model that mapped unobserved infections to observed test-positive cases, hospital admissions,
and deaths with confirmed Covid-19, in seven regions of England (March - August 2020). We explored the sensitivity of Rt estimates of Covid-19 in England to different data sources, and investigated the potential of using differences in the estimates to track
epidemic dynamics in population sub-groups. |
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Shonchoy, Abu, Mahzab, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique |
Utilizing publicly available data, this paper introduces a contagion risk (CR) index, which can work as a credible
proxy to detect potential virus hotspots – aiding policymakers with proper planning.. The CR-Index proposed in this paper could work as the foundation to consider zone-specific mobility restriction measures in Bangladesh, which can be an effective solution
to balance economic activities while limiting disease spread. This index gives developing country planners a viable alternative to economy-wide shutdown policy and can be replicated with available national statistics for other countries. |
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Silva, Valeria Oliveira, de Oliveira, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé Immunology
| Immunologie |
Estimated the prevalence of antibodies against-SARS-CoV-2 among Public Health lab professionals in Brazil. A relatively
high (8.6%) of anti-SARS-CoV-2 serological reactivity in this population, with higher rates among outsourced workers and those with referring cohabitation with COVID-19 patients. COVID samples handling was not related to increased seropositivity. |
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Sim, Ji Hoon, Jo, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
Report the outcomes of implementing a comprehensive preoperative screening process for COVID-19 in a large-sized tertiary
medical center for 72 days during the first peak of the outbreak. By implementing a comprehensive preoperative screening process, a large number of elective and emergency surgeries (5800 surgeries/month) were safely performed even during the peak of the COVID-19
outbreak. |
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Sivapalan, P, Ulrik, et al |
Trials |
RCT |
This paper describes the detailed statistical analysis plan for the evaluation of primary and secondary endpoints of
the ProPAC-COVID study. Enrolment of patients to the ProPAC-COVID study is still ongoing. The purpose of this paper is to provide primary publication of study results to prevent selective reporting of outcomes, data-driven analysis, and to increase transparency. |
|
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Bowel Necrosis in Patient with Severe Case of COVID-19: A Case Report |
Soeselo, Daniel Ardian, Theresia, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Describe a case of a 65 year old man with severe COVID-19 pneumonia that developed hypercoagulation and peritonitis;
emergent laparotomy was performed and bowel necrosis was identified in two sites. |
|
Suárez, J, Mata, et al |
J Surg Oncol |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
Evaluate the impact of COVID‐epidemic in colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosis during Spain's state of emergency. A new
diagnosis of CRC decreased 48% with a higher rate of patients diagnosed in the emergency setting (12.1% vs. 3.6%; p = .048) and a lower rate diagnosed in the screening program (5.2% vs. 33.3%; p = .000). Overall, fewer patients have been diagnosed with CRC,
with a higher rate of patients diagnosed in an emergency setting. |
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Subramanian, Rahul, He, et al |
medRxiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
Using a model that incorporates daily testing information fit to the case and serology data from New York City, authors
demonstrate the proportion of symptomatic cases is low, ranging from 13% to 18%, and that the reproductive number may be larger than often assumed. |
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Sudre, CaroleH, Murray, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Analysed data from 4182 incident cases of COVID-19 who logged their symptoms prospectively in the COVID Symptom Study
app. 558 (13.3%) had symptoms lasting >28 days, 189 (4.5%) for >8 weeks and 95 (2.3%) for >12 weeks. Long-COVID was characterized by symptoms of fatigue, headache, dyspnoea and anosmia and was more likely with increasing age, BMI and female sex. Experiencing
more than five symptoms during the first week of illness was associated with Long-COVID, OR=3.53 [2.76;4.50]. The proposed model was able to predict long-COVID-19 at 7 days. |
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Level of Anxiety Among General Public During COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown |
Suresh, Suja, Suresh, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
Attempted to assess the level of anxiety among adult in the Indian population during COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. On
line survey was conducted with structured questionnaire, a total of 374 responses were received. Non-probability snowball sampling was adopted to collect the data. The anxiety level identified in this study was moderate to mild level. More than 58% had mild
level of anxiety and 14% had severe anxiety. 28% of them expressed moderate amount of anxiety. It shows that there is need to create awareness and address the psychological problems during COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. |
|
Tang, Haiming, Sun, et al |
medRxiv |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection
d'agents pathogènes |
The machine learning models have been applied to the radiological images of the Covid-19 positive patients for disease
prediction and severity assessment. We manually annotated 221 chest X-ray images with lung fields and opacity regions and trained a segmentation model for the opacity region. The model has a good performance in regarding the overlap between predicted and manually
labelled opacity regions for both the testing data set and the validation dataset from very different sources. In addition, the percentage of the opacity region over the area of the total lung fields shows a good predictive power for the patient severity.
In view of the above, our model is a successful first try in developing a segmentation model for the opacity regions for the Covid-19 positive chest X-rays. |
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Multiple early introductions of SARS-CoV-2 into a global travel hub in the Middle
East |
Tayoun, AA, Loney, et al |
Sci Rep |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Transmission Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
International travel played a significant role in the early global spread of SARS-CoV-2. Understanding transmission
patterns from different regions of the world will further inform global dynamics of the pandemic. Using data from Dubai in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), a major international travel hub in the Middle East, we establish SARS-CoV-2 full genome sequences from
the index and early COVID-19 patients in the UAE. The genome sequences are analysed in the context of virus introductions, chain of transmissions, and possible links to earlier strains from other regions of the world. Phylogenetic analysis showed multiple
spatiotemporal introductions of SARS-CoV-2 into the UAE from Asia, Europe, and the Middle East during the early phase of the pandemic. We also provide evidence for early community-based transmission and catalogue new mutations in SARS-CoV-2 strains in the
UAE. Our findings contribute to the understanding of the global transmission network of SARS-CoV-2. |
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Inflammasome formation in the lungs of patients with fatal COVID-19 |
Toldo, S, Bussani, et al |
Inflamm Res |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
This study proposes that an intense inflammasome formation characterizes the lungs of patients with fatal COVID-19
disease due to pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Samples from four patients with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia who had been hospitalized at the Hospital of the University of Trieste (Italy) and died of ARDS and four lung samples from
a historical repository from subjects who had died of cardiopulmonary arrest and had not been placed on mechanical ventilation and without evidence of pulmonary infection at postmortem examination were collected. Intense expression of the inflammasome was
detected, mainly in leukocytes, within the lungs of all patients with fatal COVID-19 in the areas of lung injury. The number of ASC inflammasome specks per high power fields was significantly higher in the lungs of patients with fatal COVID-19 as compared
with the lungs of control subjects (52 ± 22 vs 6 ± 3, P = 0.0064). These findings identify the presence of NLRP3 inflammasome aggregates in the lungs of fatal COVID-19 pneumonia thus providing the potential molecular link between viral infection and cytokine
release syndrome. |
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Cardiogenic shock following cardiac tamponade and Takotsubo in COVID-19 |
Torabi, AJ, Villegas-Galaviz, et al |
Future Cardiol |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
This study reviews the clinical course of a young coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patient who developed Takotsubo
following cardiac tamponade. A 42-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with fever, altered mental status and hypoxia. She was ultimately found to be in cardiac tamponade and within 2 hours of a pericardiocentesis she developed Takotsubo and
was in cardiogenic shock. The rapid onset of her suspected Takotsubo and the severity of her disease were striking features in this case. |
|
Tran, BL, Chen, et al |
Int J Environ Res Public Health |
Economics | Économie |
This study examines how experience of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) influences the impact of coronavirus
disease (COVID-19) on international tourism demand for four Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) economies, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Thailand, and New Zealand, over the 1 January-30 April 2020 period. Panel regression models are applied with a time-lag effect
to estimate the general effects of COVID-19 on daily tourist arrivals. Taiwan and Hong Kong are grouped as economies with SARS experiences, while Thailand and New Zealand are grouped as countries without experiences of SARS. The number of tourist arrivals
to Taiwan and Hong Kong decreased by 0.034% in response to a 1% increase in COVID-19 confirmed cases, while in Thailand and New Zealand, a 1% national confirmed cases increase caused a 0.103% reduction in tourism demand. |
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Travers, JL, Schroeder, et al |
BMC Nurs |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
We used qualitative inquiry to explore the relationship between organizational empowerment structural components and
feelings of psychological empowerment among hospital frontline workers during a public health emergency. In-depth interviews were conducted and directed content analysis was performed to generate a data matrix. Thirteen Nursing Assistants (NA) completed interviews.
Resources (e.g., protocols, equipment, and person-power) made it easier to cope with overwhelming emotions, affected the NAs' abilities to do their jobs, and when limited, drove NAs to take on new roles. NAs noted that support was mostly provided by nurses
and made the NAs feel appreciated, desiring to contribute more. Management and empowerment of healthcare workers are critical to hospital performance and success. |
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Tunc, Huseyin, Sari, et al |
medRxiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health
interventions*| Interventions de santé publique |
In this study, we have employed both an equivalent agent-based model and a Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Recovered (SEIR)-like
model to prove that the growth rate can be determined analytically in terms of other model parameters, including contact tracing rate. We identify the most sensitive parameters as undocumented transmission rate and documentation ratio. Unfortunately, these
are the parameters we have the least knowledge. We derived an identity that predicts the effectiveness of contact tracing in a country from observable parameters. We underline an unavoidable dilemma: that even in the case of high contact tracing, we cannot
bring the outbreak to stalemate without applying substantial quarantine; however, some countries are benefiting from contact tracing. |
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Ugas-Charcape, Carlos |
Research Square prepub |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
The purpose of the study was to analyze the imaging findings of pulmonary COVID-19 in a large pediatric series. One
hundred and forty children (71 female; median age 6.2 years; interquartile range 1.6-12.1 years) were included in the study. Consolidation and ground-glass opacity were significantly higher in patients who needed ICU admission or expired, in contrast with
patients with a good outcome (48% and 91%, vs 24% and 70% p<0.05, respectively). Asymptomatic children and those with mild symptoms of COVID-19 showed mainly peribronchial thickening, ground-glass opacities and pulmonary vascular engorgement on CXRs. |
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Effect of IBD medications on COVID-19 outcomes: results from an international registry |
Ungaro, RC, Brenner, et al |
Gut |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
We sought to evaluate COVID-19 clinical course in patients with IBD treated with different medication classes and combinations.
1439 cases from 47 countries were included (mean age 44.1 years, 51.4% men) of whom 112 patients (7.8%) had severe COVID-19. Compared with tumour necrosis factor (TNF) antagonist monotherapy, thiopurine monotherapy (adjusted OR (aOR) 4.08, 95% CI 1.73 to 9.61)
and combination therapy with TNF antagonist and thiopurine (aOR 4.01, 95% CI 1.65 to 9.78) were associated with an increased risk of severe COVID-19. Any mesalamine/sulfasalazine compared with no mesalamine/sulfasalazine use was associated with an increased
risk (aOR 1.70, 95% CI 1.26 to 2.29). This risk estimate increased when using TNF antagonist monotherapy as a reference group (aOR 3.52, 95% CI 1.93 to 6.45). Combination therapy and thiopurines may be associated with an increased risk of severe COVID-19.
No significant differences were observed when comparing classes of biologicals. |
|
Urrechaga, E, Aguirre, et al |
Clin Chem Lab Med |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection
d'agents pathogènes |
This prospective observational study examined the CBC and CPD data of the patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 virus and
other infections of different aetiologies. We assessed these parameters as early laboratory indicators for the detection of COVID-19. The validation group consisted of 92 patients, of whom 43 were diagnosed with COVID-19, and 49 suffered other infections (44
bacterial five viral). The neutrophil/lymphocyte ratios were significantly different in COVID-19 and bacterial infections (medians 5.17 and 9.98, respectively), but the values in the two groups overlapped. The mathematical method of clustering performed well
in discriminating the COVID 19 patients: 143 out of 153 COVID-19 patients (93.5%) and 100% of non-COVID-19 patients were correctly classified. These results show a high rate of correct classification of patients suffering from infections of different aetiologies.
The present study highlights neutrophil/lymphocyte ratios potential value in ruling out non-COVID-19 viral infections, with high diagnostic performance. |
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Van der Moeren, Nathalie, Zwart, et al |
medRxiv |
Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes |
This study was primarily conducted to evaluate clinical sensitivity and specificity of the SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen
test BD Veritor System for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2 (VRD) compared to real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). In order to evaluate clinical specificity, 352 symptomatic adults (> 18 years) who presented at a participating
GGD test centre for a COVID- 19 test between September 28 and October 7 2020 were included. In order to evaluate clinical sensitivity, 123 symptomatic adults (> 18 years) who were tested positive with qRT-PCR in a participating GGD test centre between September
26 and October 6 were included. Overall clinical specificity of 100% (95%CI : 98.9%-100%) and sensitivity of 80.7% (95% CI: 73,2%-86,9%) was found for the VRD compared to qRT-PCR. The VRD is a promising diagnostic test for COVID-19 community screening for
symptomatic individuals within 7 days after symptom onset in function of disease control. |
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Venugopal, U, Jilani, et al |
Int J Infect Dis |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé Immunology
| Immunologie |
This study aims to assess seroprevalence and associated characteristics of consenting Health Care Workers (HCWs) from
a NYC public hospital. Cross sectional study including serum samples for qualitative SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing with nasopharyngeal swabs for SARS-CoV-2 PCR and completion of an online survey capturing demographics, COVID-19 symptoms during the preceding
months on duty, details of healthcare and community exposure, and travel history were collected from consenting participants in May 2020. A total of 500 HCW were tested, 137 (27%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibody. Symptomatic participants had a 75%
rate of seroconversion compared to those without symptoms. Seroprevalence among HCWs was high compared to the community at the epicenter of the pandemic. Further studies to evaluate sustained adaptive immunity in this high-risk group will guide our response
to a future surge. |
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Vissio, E, Falco, et al |
J Surg Oncol |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
Our Institution, Piedmont's largest tertiary referral center, was designated as a non-COVID-19 hospital and activities
were reorganized to prioritize critical services like oncological care. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy in preserving the oncological surgical practice at our Institution during the most critical months of the COVID-19 epidemic by analyzing
the surgical pathology activity. The number of oncological surgical resections submitted to histopathological examination from 9th March 2020 to 8th May 2020 were collected as well staging/grading data and compared with the previous three pre-COVID-19 years
(2017-2019). Overall, no decrease was observed for most tumor sites (5/9) while breast resections showed the largest drop (109 vs. 160; -31.9%), although a full recovery was already noticed during the second half of the period. he present data suggest the
possibility of preserving this cornerstone oncological activity during an evolving public health emergency thanks to a prompt workflow reorganization. |
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Identification of evolutionarily stable sites across the SARS-CoV-2 proteome |
Wang, Chen, Konecki, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
Here we interrogate the evolutionary history of the entire SARS-CoV-2 proteome to identify functional sites that can
inform the search for treatments. Combining this information with the mutations observed in the current COVID-19 outbreak, we systematically and comprehensively define evolutionarily stable sites that are useful drug targets. In addition, the same evolutionary
information can prioritize cross reactive antigens that are useful in directing multi-epitope vaccine strategies to illicit broadly neutralizing immune responses to the betacoronavirus family. |
|
Wang, Chunyan, van Haperen, et al |
bioRxiv |
Immunology | Immunologie Animal model | Modèle animal |
Here we describe two human monoclonal antibodies, 1.6C7 and 28D9, that display a remarkable cross-reactivity against
distinct species from three Betacoronavirus subgenera, capable of binding the spike proteins of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV and the endemic human coronavirus HCoV-OC43. We demonstrate that administration of these antibodies in mice protects from a lethal
MERS-CoV challenge in both prophylactic and/or therapeutic models. Collectively, these antibodies delineate a conserved, immunogenic and vulnerabe site on the spike protein which spurs the development of broad-range diagnostic, preventive and therapeutic measures
against coronaviruses. |
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Wang, Dongyao, Wang, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Immunology | Immunologie |
Here, 30 retesting-positive(RTP) patients, 20 convalescent patients, and 20 healthy controls were enrolled for analysis
of the immunological characteristics of their peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Furthermore, we sought to comprehensively characterize the transcriptional changes in the three groups by transcriptome sequencing. It was found that the absolute numbers
of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and NK cells were not decreased remarkably, while the expression of activation markers on these cells was significantly decreased in RTP patients. Furthermore, the percentage of granzyme B-producing T cells was also decreased
in RTP patients compared with that in convalescent patients. Moreover, the high expression of inhibitor of differentiation-1 (ID1) and the low expression of IFITM10 may be associated with the insufficient activation of immune cells and RTP occurrence. Our
findings provide insights into the impaired immune function and pathogenesis of RTP occurrence in COVID-19, which may contribute to the development of immunotherapy for RTP patients. |
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Accurate Diagnosis of COVID-19 by a Novel Immunogenic Secreted SARS-CoV-2 orf8 Protein |
Wang, X, Lam, et al |
mBio |
Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes Immunology
| Immunologie |
Here, we characterized the SARS-CoV-2 orf8 as a novel immunogenic secreted protein and utilized it for the accurate
diagnosis of COVID-19. Extracellular orf8 protein was detected in cell culture supernatant and in sera of COVID-19 patients. In addition, orf8 was found highly immunogenic in COVID-19 patients, who showed early seropositivity for anti-orf8 IgM, IgG, and IgA.
We hypothesize that orf8 secretion during SARS-CoV-2 infection facilitates early mounting of B cell response. The serological test detecting anti-orf8 IgG antibody can be used for the early and accurate diagnosis of COVID-19. |
|
Wang, Y, Li, et al |
BMJ Open |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
Aim of this study is to assess the psychological distress experienced by healthcare trainees during the COVID-19 outbreak.
A cross-sectional study with 4184 healthcare trainees at Sichuan University in China was implemented during 7-13 February 2020. We estimated the ORs of distress by comparing trainees across programmes and training stages using multivariable logistic regression.
Compared with the nursing trainees, the medical trainees (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.22 to 1.95) reported a higher burden of psychological distress during the outbreak, while the medical technology trainees (OR 1.25, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.62) reported similar symptom scores.
Postgraduates (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.16 to 2.08) in medicine had higher levels of distress than their undergraduate counterparts did, whereas the nursing residents (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.20 to 0.71) reported a lower burden than did nursing undergraduates. Medical
trainees, particularly postgraduates and those with active clinical duties, were at risk for psychological distress during the COVID-19 outbreak. |
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Wanigasooriya, Kasun, Palimar, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
We aimed to estimate the prevalence rates of anxiety, depressive and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms
and identity subgroups most at risk, in a healthcare workers HCW population in the United Kingdom (UK). An electronic survey was conducted between the 05/06/2020 and 31/07/2020 of all hospital HCW in the West Midlands, UK. There were 2638 eligible participants
who completed the survey. The prevalence rates of clinically significant symptoms of anxiety, depression and PTSD were high (34·3%, 31·2% and 24·5% respectively). In adjusted analysis a history of mental health conditions was associated with clinically significant
symptoms of anxiety (odds ratio 2·3 [95% CI 1·9–2·7]; p< 0·001), depression (2·5 (2·1–3·0); p< 0·001) and PTSD (2·1 [1·7–2·5]; p< 0·001). We report a high prevalence of clinically significant symptoms of anxiety, depression and PTSD in hospital HCW following
the Covid-19 pandemic peak. Those with a history of mental health conditions were most at risk. Perceptions of adequate PPE availability, access to wellbeing support and reduced exposure to moral dilemmas may be protective against mental distress in hospital
HCW. |
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White, M, Tiesman, et al |
Arch Dis Child |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Immunology | Immunologie |
Over 6 weeks more than 70 patients were admitted to Evelina London Children’s Hospital who fulfilled criteria for a
diagnosis of paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS). Key laboratory findings on presentation included a very high C reactive protein (CRP), high ferritin, raised neutrophils, low lymphocytes, raised D-dimer,
raised troponin I, raised N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide and low vitamin D levels. Most patients with PIMS-TS were SARS-CoV-2 PCR-negative but positive for IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 indicating previous infection. It has been postulated that
a host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 triggers an inflammatory response.In our cohort, as we gained experience, prompting earlier diagnosis and treatment initiation, fewer cardiac complications and reduced PICU stay were observed. Treatments included intravenous
immunoglobulin, methylprednisolone and biologics including tocilizumab, infliximab and anakinra. |
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Accuracy of Healthcare Professionals Nasopharyngeal
Swab Technique in SARS-CoV-2 Specimen Collection |
Woods, Robbie, Walsh, et al |
medRxiv |
Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes |
A prospective study of nasopharyngeal swab technique by staff in an academic tertiary referral centre was carried out.
Nasopharyngeal swab technique was evaluated by a novel design of a navigated swab on a three-dimensional model head. Swab technique of 228 participants was assessed. Technique was poor, with a success rate of nasopharyngeal swabbing at 38.6%. Angle and length
of insertion were significantly different between those with successful and unsuccessful technique. Doctors were significantly more accurate than nurses and non-healthcare professionals (p<0.01). Inaccurate specimen collection from poor swab technique could
contribute to false negative rate of testing for SARS-CoV-2. Specific training in nasopharyngeal anatomy and swab technique may improve the accuracy of nasopharyngeal swabbing. |
|
What predicts adherence to COVID-19 government guidelines?
Longitudinal analyses of 51,000 UK adults |
Wright, Liam, Steptoe, et al |
medRxiv |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
In the absence of a vaccine, governments have focused on social distancing, self-isolation, and increased hygiene procedures
to reduce the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). Compliance with these measures requires voluntary cooperation from citizens. Yet, compliance is not complete, and existing studies provide limited understanding of what factors influence compliance; in particular
modifiable factors. We use weekly panel data from 51,000 adults across the first three months of lockdown in the UK to identify factors that are related to compliance with COVID-19 guidelines. We find evidence that increased confidence in government to tackle
the pandemic is longitudinally related to higher compliance, but little evidence that factors such as mental health and wellbeing, worries about future adversities, and social isolation and loneliness are related to changes in compliance. Our results suggest
that to effectively manage the pandemic, governments should ensure that confidence is maintained, something which has not occurred in all countries. |
|
Wu, B, Lei, et al |
Infect Dis Poverty |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
This study describes the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in Hainan and compared these features
between imported and local cases to provide information for other international epidemic areas. Included 91 patients (56 imported and 35 local cases) from two designated hospitals for COVID-19 in Haikou, China, from January 20 to February 19, 2020. In total,
15 (16.5%) patients were severe, 14 (15.4%) had complicated infections, nine (9.9%) were admitted to the intensive care unit, and three died. The median duration of viral shedding in feces was longer than that in nasopharyngeal swabs (19 days vs 16 days, P = 0.007).
Compared with local cases, imported cases were older and had a higher incidence of fever and concurrent infections. IgG was positive in 92.8% patients (77/83) in the follow-up at week 2 after discharge, while 88.4% patients (38/43) had a reduction in IgG levels
in the follow-up at week 4 after discharge, and the median level was lower than that in the follow-up at week 2 (10.95 S/Cut Off (S/CO) vs 15.02 S/CO, P < 0.001). mported cases were more severe than local cases but had similar prognoses. The level of IgG
antibodies declined from week 6 to week 8 after onset. |
|
|
Wu, L, Jin, et al |
JMIR Public Health Surveill |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection
d'agents pathogènes |
The aim of this paper is to identify differences in the CT scan findings of patients who were COVID-19 positive (confirmed
via nucleic acid testing) to patients who were confirmed COVID-19 negative. A retrospective cohort study was proposed to compare patient clinical characteristics and CT scan findings in suspected COVID-19 cases. A multivariable logistic model with LASSO (least
absolute shrinkage and selection operator) selection for variables was used to identify the good predictors from all available predictors. A total of 94 (56%) patients were confirmed positive for COVID-19 from the suspected 167 patients. We found that the
presence, distribution, and location of CT lesions were associated with the presence of COVID-19. White blood cell count, cough, and a travel history to Wuhan were also the top predictors for COVID-19. The overall AUC of these selected predictors is 0.97 (95%
CI 0.93-1.00). Taken together with nucleic acid testing, we found that CT scans can allow for the rapid diagnosis of COVID-19. |
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Transcriptional and proteomic insights into the host response in fatal COVID-19 cases |
Wu, M, Chen, et al |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
Here we show that pathways related to neutrophil activation and pulmonary fibrosis are among the major up-regulated
transcriptional signatures in lung tissue obtained from patients who died of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. Strikingly, the viral burden was low in all samples, which suggests that the patient deaths may be related to the host response rather than an active fulminant
infection. Examination of the colonic transcriptome of these patients suggested that SARS-CoV-2 impacted host responses even at a site with no obvious pathogenesis. Further proteomics analysis validated our transcriptome findings and identified several key
proteins, such as the SARS-CoV-2 entry-associated protease cathepsins B and L and the inflammatory response modulator S100A8/A9, that are highly expressed in fatal cases, revealing potential drug targets for COVID-19. |
|
Wu, X, Luo, et al |
BMC Infect Dis |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
In this paper, we report continuous thrombocytopenia in a non-severe Covid-19 case after a negative nucleic acid test
for Covid-19. A non-severe COVID-19 patient had the platelet continuous decrease for several months after the SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid turning negative, and without well response to the glucocorticoid. The dynamic change of platelet count followed that of the
lymphocyte count. After excluding the medicines possibility, immune system disorders, other specific virus infection and specific antibody of platelet, the thrombocytopenia continuously lasted for several months. The upward trend did not begin until June 2020
and she took the tapering dose of prednisone under the instruction of the hematologist. |
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|
Xiang, J, Chen, et al |
BMC Infect Dis |
Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes |
Throat swabs and blood were collected from 67 suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection patients at the Affiliated Hospital of
Zunyi Medical University and Zunyi Fourth People's Hospital isolated observation departments. Throat swab samples were subjected to SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection by real-time PCR. Blood was used subjected to SARS-CoV-2 IgG/IgM detection by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent
assay (ELISA) and gold immunochromatography assay (GICA). Blood underwent C-reactive protein detection by immunoturbidimetry, and white blood cells, neutrophil percentages and lymphocyte percentages were counted and calculated, respectively. Clinical symptoms,
age and lifestyle habits (smoking and drinking) in all patients were recorded. Of the 67 patients included in this study, 26 were SARS-CoV-2 RNA-positive. GICA IgM sensitivity was 50.9% (13/26), and specificity was 90.2% (37/41). ELISA IgM sensitivity was
76.9% (20/26), and specificity was 90.2% (37/41). ELISA IgG sensitivity was 76.9% (20/26), and specificity was 95.1% (39/41). The kappa coefficients between RNA detection and ELISA IgG, ELISA IgM, and GICA IgM results were 0.741 (P < 0.01), 0.681 (P < 0.01)
and 0.430 (P < 0.01), respectively. |
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Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of COVID-19 Patients Receiving Compassionate Use
Leronlimab |
Yang, B, Fulcher, et al |
Clin Infect Dis |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
23 hospitalized severe/critical COVID-19 patients received 700mg leronlimab subcutaneously, repeated after seven days
in 17/23 patients still hospitalized. 18/23 received other experimental treatments, including convalescent plasma, hydroxychloroquine, steroids, and/or tocilizumab. 5/23 received leronlimab after blinded placebo-controlled trials of remdesivir, sarilumab,
selinexor, or tocilizumab. Outcomes and results were extracted from medical records. Mean age was 69.5±14.9 years. 20/23 had significant co-morbidities. At baseline, 22/23 were receiving supplemental oxygen (3/23 high flow, 7/23 mechanical ventilation). Blood
showed markedly elevated inflammatory markers (ferritin, D-dimer, C-reactive protein) and elevated neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio. By day 30 after initial dosing, 17/23 were recovered, 2/23 were still hospitalized, and 4/23 had died. Of the 7 intubated at baseline,
4/7 were fully recovered off oxygen, 2/7 were still hospitalized, and 1/7 had died. Leronlimab appeared safe and well tolerated. The high recovery rate suggested benefit, and those with lower inflammatory markers had better outcomes. Some but not all patients
appeared to have dramatic clinical responses, indicating that unknown factors may determine responsiveness to leronlimab. Routine inflammatory and cell prognostic markers did not markedly change immediately after treatment, although IL-6 tended to fall. In
some persons C-reactive protein clearly dropped only after the second leronlimab dose, suggesting that a higher loading dose might be more effective. Future controlled trials will be informative. |
|
Yaniv, Karin, Shagan, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Surveillance |
In this study we sampled an urban wastewater infrastructure in the city of Ashkelon, Israel, during the end of the
first COVID-19 wave in May 2020 when the number of infections seemed to be waning. We were able to show varying presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater from several locations in the city during two sampling periods. This was expressed as a new index, Normalized
Viral Load (NVL), which can be used in different area scales to define levels of virus activity such as red (high) or green (no), and to follow morbidity in the population at tested area. Our index showed the rise in viral load between the two sampling periods
(one week apart) and indicated an increase in morbidity that was evident a month later in the population. Thus, this methodology may provide an early indication for SARS-CoV-2 infection outbreak in a population before an outbreak is clinically apparent. |
|
|
Younis, J, Freitag, et al |
JMIR Public Health Surveill |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
We ask if social media is an early indicator of public social distancing measures in the United States by investigating
its correlation with the time-varying reproduction number (R(t)) as compared to social mobility estimates reported from Google and Apple Maps. We ask if social media is an early indicator of public social distancing measures in the United States by investigating
its correlation with the time-varying reproduction number (R(t)) as compared to social mobility estimates reported from Google and Apple Maps. In this observational study, the estimated R(t) was obtained for the period between March 5 and April 5, 2020, using
the EpiEstim package. Social media activity was assessed using queries of "social distancing" or "#socialdistancing" on Google Trends, Instagram, and Twitter, with social mobility assessed using Apple and Google Maps data. Negative correlations were found
between Google search interest for "social distancing" and R(t) in the United States (P<.001), and between search interest and state-specific R(t) for 9 states with the highest COVID-19 cases (P<.001); most states experienced a delay varying between 3-8 days
before reaching significance. A negative correlation was seen at a 4-day delay from the start of the Instagram hashtag "#socialdistancing" and at 6 days for Twitter (P<.001). Significant correlations between R(t) and social media manifest earlier in time compared
to social mobility measures from Google and Apple Maps, with peaks at -6 and -4 days. Meanwhile, changes in social mobility correlated best with R(t) at -2 days and +1 day for workplace and grocery/pharmacy, respectively. Our study demonstrates the potential
use of Google Trends, Instagram, and Twitter as epidemiological tools in the assessment of social distancing measures in the United States during the early course of the COVID-19 pandemic. Their correlation and earlier rise and peak in correlative strength
with R(t) when compared to social mobility may provide proactive insight into whether social distancing efforts are sufficiently enacted. Whether this proves valuable in the creation of more accurate assessments of the early epidemic course is uncertain due
to limitations. |
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Impact of Social Distancing on Incidence of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases, South Korea |
Yun, HE, Ryu, et al |
J Med Virol |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
We investigated the impact of social distancing practiced during the Covid-19 pandemic on the incidence of selected
vaccine preventable diseases (VPDs) in South Korea. National surveillance data on monthly incidence of hepatitis A, hepatitis B, varicella, mumps, invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), and pertussis were retrieved and compared the VPD incidences in 2020 to
the average of the last 4 years (2015-2019) of the corresponding months. In 2020, there were 44% decline for mumps, 44% decline for varicella, 28% decline for pertussis, 22% decline for IPD, 14% decline in incidence of hepatitis A, and no change for hepatitis
B incidences, compared to baseline years (2015-2019). The largest decline of total VPDs were in April (65%) and in May (67%), during the intensified social distancing measures. |
|
Zhang, B, Wang, et al |
Medicine (Baltimore) |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection
d'agents pathogènes |
To study the differences in imaging characteristics and prediction of COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 viral pneumonia through
chest CT.Chest CT data of 128 cases of COVID-19 and 47 cases of non-COVID-19 viral pneumonia confirmed by several hospitals were retrospectively collected, the imaging performance was evaluated and recorded, different imaging features were statistically analyzed,
and a prediction model and independent predicted imaging features were obtained by multivariable analysis.COVID-19 was more likely than non-COVID-19 pneumonia to have a high-grade ground glass opacities (P = .01), extensive lesion distribution (P < .001),
mixed lesions of varying sizes (27.7% vs 57.0%, P = .001), subpleural prominence (23.4% vs 86.7%, P < .001), and lower lobe prominence (48.9% vs 82.0%, P < .001). However, peribronchial interstitial thickening was more likely to occur in non-COVID-19 viral
pneumonia (36.2% vs 19.5%, P = .022). The statistically significant differences from multivariable analysis were the degree of ground glass opacities (P = .001), lesion distribution (P = .045), lesion size (P = .020), subpleural prominence (P < .001), and
lower lobe prominence (P = .041). The sensitivity and specificity of the model were 94.5% and 76.6%, respectively, with an AUC of 0.91.The imaging characteristics of COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 viral pneumonia are different, and the prediction model can further
improve the specificity of chest CT diagnosis. |
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New HIV diagnoses in patients with COVID-19: two case reports and a brief literature
review |
Zhang, JC, Yu, et al |
BMC Infect Dis |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We report newly diagnosed HIV infections in two patients with COVID-19 in China. In our two cases, both patients with
elevated IL-6 received Tocilizumab treatment, but did not present obvious therapeutic effect. These cases highlight possible co-detection of known immunocompromised diseases such as HIV. The two cases we reported stressed the risk of misdiagnosis, especially
during the pandemic of an infectious disease and the importance of extended testing even if in immune-compromised condition the immune state may be ignored. |
|
Zhang, Zhao, Guo, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We analysed clinical features in a cohort of 173 children with COVID-19 (0-15 yrs.-old) between January 22, 2020 and
March 25, 2020. We systematically examined the expression and distribution of ACE2 in different developmental stages of children by using a combination of children’s lung biopsies, pluripotent stem cell-derived lung cells, RNA-sequencing profiles, and ex vivo
SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviral infections. It revealed that infants (1 yrs.-old) are more resistant to lung injury. The expression levels of ACE2 however do not vary by age in children’s lung. ACE2 is notably expressed not only in Alveolar Type II (AT II) cells, but
also in SOX9 positive lung progenitor cells detected in both pluripotent stem cell derivatives and infants’ lungs. The ACE2+ SOX9+ cells are readily infected by SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus and the numbers of the double positive cells are significantly decreased
in older children. Infants (<1 yrs.-old) with COVID-19 infection are more vulnerable to lung injuries. ACE2 expression in multiple types of lung cells including SOX9 positive progenitor cells, in cooperation with an unestablished immune system, could be risk
factors contributing to vulnerability of infants with COVID-19. |
|
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Zheng, N, Zhang, et al |
J Nurs Care Qual |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
We report on 75 previously infected nurses who returned to work. The aim was to understand the adaptation status of
nurses after recovering from COVID-19 and returning to work. Data were collected online via the Work Adaptation Scale and the Psychological Capital Scale, and the related influencing factors were analyzed. The social integration and task mastery scores were
highest, and the clear roles and cultural adaptation scores were low. The self-efficacy and hope scores were highest, but the resilience and optimism scores were not high. Psychological capital was positively correlated with work adaptation (P < .01). To ensure
the quality and safety of nursing care, nurse managers should adopt effective intervention measures to address the physical and mental health of returning nurses and improve their levels of psychological capital and adaptability. |
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|
Zhou, Xiaoyun, Edirippuige, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was used to explore the experience of the frontline nurses. A purposive
sampling method was used that resulted in n=15 participants. Data collection consisted of semi-structure interviews with individual nurses. IPA was adopted to analyse collected data by three independent researchers. Generally, frontline nurses supporting Wuhan
likened their experience to being on a battlefield. Four participant themes were identified: (1) It’s time to fight: leaving with uncertainty (2) rapid adaption to a dynamic high stress environment (3) mental health: a high prevalence along with a reluctance
to seek professional help (4) the aftermath: there were both positive and negative impacts. Our study provides in-depth information about the lived experience of frontline nurses. Results suggested that even though frontline nurses confronted diverse challenges,
they were able to adapt rapidly and fulfil their job. |
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Associations between genetically predicted protein levels and COVID-19 severity |
Zhu, J, Wu, et al |
J Infect Dis |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We assessed the associations between genetically predicted protein levels and COVID-19 severity. Leveraging data from
The COVID-19 host genetics initiative comparing 6,492 hospitalized COVID-19 patients and 1,012,809 controls, we identified 18 proteins with genetically predicted levels to be associated with COVID-19 severity at a false discovery rate of <0.05, including 12
that showed an association even after Bonferroni correction. Of the 18 proteins, six showed positive associations and 12 showed inverse associations. In conclusion, we identified 18 candidate proteins for COVID-19 severity. |
|
Zimmerman, RK, Nowalk, et al |
Hum Vaccin Immunother |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Classification and regression trees recursive partitioning created a decision tree classifying participants into laboratory-confirmed
cases and non-cases. Demographic and symptom data from patients ages 18-87 years enrolled from March 29-June 8, 2020 were included. Presence or absence of SARS-CoV-2 was the target variable. Of 832 tested, 77 (9.3%) tested positive. Cases significantly more
often reported diarrhea (12 percentage points (PP)), fever (15 PP), nausea/vomiting (9 PP), loss of taste/smell (52 PP), and contact with a COVID-19 case (54 PP), but less frequently reported sore throat (-27 PP). The 4-terminal node optimal tree had sensitivity
of 69%, specificity of 78%, positive predictive value of 20%, negative predictive value of 97%, and AUC of 76%. Among those referred for testing, negative responses to two questions could classify about half (49%) of tested persons with low risk for SARS-CoV-2
and would save limited testing resources. Outpatient symptoms of COVID-19 appear to be broader than the inpatient syndrome. Initial supplies of anticipated COVID-19 vaccines may be limited and administration of first such available vaccines may need to be
prioritized for essential workers, the most vulnerable, or those likely to have a robust response to vaccine. Another priority group could be those not previously infected. Those who screen out of testing may be less likely to have been infected by SARS-CoV-2
virus thus may be prioritized for vaccination when supplies are limited. |
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Synthesis of COVID-19 Chest X-rays using Unpaired Image-to-Image Translation |
Zunair, Hasib, Hamza, et al |
arXiv |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection
d'agents pathogènes |
We build the first-of-its-kind open dataset of synthetic COVID-19 chest X-ray images of high fidelity using an unsupervised
domain adaptation approach by leveraging class conditioning and adversarial training. We show considerable performance improvements on COVID-19 detection using various deep learning architectures when employing synthetic images as additional training set.
We show how our image synthesis method can serve as a data anonymization tool by achieving comparable detection performance when trained only on synthetic data. In addition, the proposed data generation framework offers a viable solution to the COVID-19 detection
in particular, and to medical image classification tasks in general. Our publicly available benchmark dataset consists of 21,295 synthetic COVID-19 chest X-ray images. The insights gleaned from this dataset can be used for preventive actions in the fight against
the COVID-19 pandemic. |
|
|
Medicine (Baltimore) |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Immunology | Immunologie |
This is erratum to the article, “Analysis of type I IFN response and T cell activation in severe COVID-19/HIV-1 coinfection:
A case report”, which appeared in Volume 99, Issue 36 of Medicine. The Figure 1 appeared incorrectly and has been updated. This study compared type I IFN response and T cell activation levels between a SARS-CoV-2/HIV-1-coinfected female patient and age-matched
HIV-1-positive or uninfected women. Results indicated that SARS-CoV-2 infection in HIV-1-positive female patient was associated with increased levels of IFNα/β-mRNAs and T cell activation compared to healthy individuals. |
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Agstam, S, Yadav, et al |
Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
SR-MA: Searches were made in two databases namely PubMed and Embase from inception to May 24, 2020. The use of HCQ/CQ
is associated with a high prevalence of QTc prolongation. However, it is not associated with a high risk of TdP. |
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Alexander, SPH, Armstrong, et al |
Br J Pharmacol |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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PMC7565215; Neurological Complications of SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and COVID-19 |
Alshebri, MS, Alshouimi, et al |
SN Compr Clin Med |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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PMC7564757; Satisfaction with the use of telehealth during COVID-19: An integrative
review |
Andrews, E, Berghofer, et al |
Int J Nurs Stud Adv |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
|
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PMC7568767; Alcohol Use Disorder: A Pre-existing Condition for COVID-19? |
Bailey, KL, Samuelson, et al |
Alcohol |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
|
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Nutrigenetics of antioxidant enzymes and micronutrients needs in the context of
viral infections |
Birk, R |
Nutr Res Rev |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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The Cross-Talk between Age, Hypertension and Inflammation in COVID-19 Patients:
Therapeutic Targets |
Casucci, G, Acanfora, et al |
Drugs Aging |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
|
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Ferritin in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A systematic review and meta-analysis |
Cheng, L, Li, et al |
J Clin Lab Anal |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
SR-MA:PubMed, EMBASE, CNKI, SinoMed, and WANFANG were searched between December 25, 2019, and June 1, 2020. Ferritin
was associated with poor prognosis and could predict the worsening of COVID-19 patients. |
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Chew, QH, Wei, et al |
J Clin Psychiatry |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
Rapid Review: performed a systematic search of the available literature using PubMed, MEDLINE (Ovid), and Web of Science,
for papers published from database inception to April 20, 2020. Psychological support for HCW in the current COVID-19 pandemic and future outbreaks should focus on both individual (eg, psychoeducation on possible psychological responses, self-care) and institutional
(eg, clear communication, providing access to resources for help, recognition of efforts of HCW) measures. |
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Gamut of cardiac manifestations and complications of COVID-19: a contemporary review |
Cruz Rodriguez, JB, Lange, et al |
J Investig Med |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Understanding Viral Shedding of SARS-CoV-2: Review of Current Literature |
Fontana, L, Villamagna, et al |
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Ibrahim, W |
CNS Spectr |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
SR: PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane; from inception to May 2020 were searched. From the descriptive analyses and available
data of relatively small sample-sized studies, it can be concluded that in spite of the aforementioned limitations, that a wide spectrum of |
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Pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19): A Comprehensive Review |
Idris, Siham Arbab Yagoob, ElSanousi, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
|
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Ikewaki, N, Rao, et al |
Thromb J |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Could nutrition modulate COVID-19 susceptibility
and severity of disease? A systematic review |
James, Philip Thomas, Ali, et al |
medRxiv |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
SR: search of the literature in PubMed and EMBASE databases, including a systematic search of a wide range of pre-print
servers. There is strong evidence that prevention of obesity, and its consequent type-2 diabetes, will reduce the risk of serious COVID-19 outcomes |
|
Ji, Hong-Long, Su, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
SR-MA:We searched the databases until Aug 18, 2020, with no limitations by language. The findings of this meta-analysis-
and meta-regression-based systematic review supports elevated D-dimer as an independent predictor for mortality and severe complications. D-dimer-associated clinical variables draw a landscape integrating the aggregate effects of systemically suppressive and
locally (i.e., in the lung) hyperactive derangements of fibrinolysis. D-dimer and associated clinical biomarkers and conceptually parameters could be combined for risk stratification, potentially for tracking thrombolytic therapy or alternative interventions.
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PMC7525249; Diagnostic approaches and potential therapeutic options for coronavirus
disease 2019 |
Khan, Z, Ghafoor, et al |
New Microbes New Infect |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
|
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Face masks to prevent transmission of COVID-19: a
systematic review and meta-analysis |
Li, Yanni, Liang, et al |
medRxiv |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
SR-MA: PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI),
VIP (Chinese) database were searched. Conclusions: The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis support the conclusion that wearing a mask could reduce the risk of COVID-19 infection. |
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Madan, A, Siglin, et al |
Cancer Med |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Mikolajczak, M, Roskam, et al |
New Dir Child Adolesc Dev |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Impact of COVID-19 on Emergency Utilization
for Mental Health and Substance Use: A Rapid Review |
Munich, Julie, Dennett, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
Rapid Review: searched Medline, Embase, Psycinfo, CINAHL, and Scopus on June 16, 2020 and updated the search on July
24, 2020. Our results suggest that COVID-19 has resulted in an initial decrease in ED visits for MH and an increase in visits for SU. Given the relative paucity of data on the subject and inconsistent analytic methods used in existing studies, there is an
urgent need for investigation of pandemic-related changes in ED case-mix to inform system-level change the pandemic continues.
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Naeimi, R, Ghasemi-Kasman, et al |
Neurol Sci |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Clinical characteristics of 4490 COVID‐19 patients
in Africa: A meta‐analysis |
Olumade, Testimony Jesupamilerin, Uzairue, et al |
medRxiv |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
MA: evaluated evidence from previous studies in Africa available in six databases between January 1 and October 6,
2020. Meta-analysis was then performed using Open-Meta Analyst software. Conclusion: This study presents the first description and analysis of the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients in Africa. The most common symptoms are fever, cough and breathing
problems. |
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Mechanisms of COVID-19-induced cardiovascular disease: Is sepsis or exosome the missing
link? |
Patil, M, Singh, et al |
J Cell Physiol |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Neurobiochemical Cross-talk Between COVID-19 and Alzheimer's Disease |
Rahman, MA, Islam, et al |
Mol Neurobiol |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
|
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Nitric oxide's physiologic effects and potential as a therapeutic agent against Covid-19 |
Ricciardolo, FLM, Bertolini, et al |
J Breath Res |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Sharma, A, Jaiswal, et al |
Ann Hepatol |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
SR-MA: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and medRxiv from December 1, 2019 to June 30, 2020. Our meta-analysis
suggests that acute liver injury and elevated liver enzymes were significantly associated with COVID-19 severity. Future studies should evaluate changing levels of biomarkers amongst liver disease patients to predict poor outcomes of COVID-19 and causes of
liver injury during COVID-19 infection. |
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Sharma, R, Akhoury, et al |
Virusdisease |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Mental Models of Infectious Diseases and Public Understanding of COVID-19 Prevention |
Southwell, BG, Kelly, et al |
Health Commun |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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32990448; COVID-19 in children: Heterogeneity within the disease and hypothetical
pathogenesis |
Suratannon, N, Dik, et al |
Asian Pacific journal of allergy and immunology |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
|
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A Health Economic Analysis for Oral Poliovirus Vaccine to Prevent COVID-19 in the United
States |
Thompson, KM, Kalkowska, et al |
Risk Anal |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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V, CF, Iarocci, et al |
J Pediatr Psychol |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
SR: Seventeen studies were identified through a search of PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar.
Findings from this review suggest current gaps in COVID-19 policies and provide recommendations such implementing "family-friendly" policies that are inclusive and have flexible eligibility criteria. |
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Vieira, C, Nery, et al |
Curr Drug Targets |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Xu, J, Ma, et al |
Medicine (Baltimore) |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
SR: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge
Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, VIP Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database, and Wanfang Data were searched. This systemic review will provide high-quality evidence to summarize etiology, epidemiology, clinical manifestations,
image findings, traceability analysis, drug development in patients with COVID-19. |
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Xu, J, Teng, et al |
Clin Infect Dis |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
SR-MA: MEDLINE (via Ovid), EMBASE, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), China national knowledge
infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang database, SinoMed, WHO COVID-19 database (Global literature on coronavirus disease), and Cochrane COVID-19 study register. We also hand-searched preprint servers (MedRxiv, BioRxiv, SSRN), websites of major publishers/journals,
and reference lists of relevant reviews and included studies. We performed the first search on May 26, 2020 and updated the search on July 18, 2020. This systematic review provides evidence-based support to current medical guidelines and position statements
that ACEI/ARB should not be discontinued. Additionally, there has been no evidence for initiating ACEI/ARB regimen as prevention or treatment of COVID-19. |
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Abobaker, A, Oluwalana, et al |
Disaster Med Public Health Prep |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Sleeping Within Six Feet: Challenging Oregon's Labor Housing COVID-19 Guidelines |
Accorsi, EK, Samples, et al |
J Agromedicine |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Allen-Tejerina, A, Rallis, et al |
Eur Urol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Andrade, A |
Revista Brasileira de Neurologia e Psiquiatria |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Angelidi, AM, Kokkinos, et al |
Metabolism |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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A Perspective About the Construction of the "Hospital de Campanha Porto." |
Araújo, A, Vaz, et al |
Acta Med Port |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Armitage, CJ, Conner, et al |
Br J Health Psychol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Azzi, L |
Clin Infect Dis |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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PMC7566763; COVID toes: where do we stand with the current evidence? |
Baeck, M, Herman, et al |
Int J Infect Dis |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Baldion, Paula Alejandra, Guerrero, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Benaderette, S |
Option/Bio |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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We must take a One Health approach to improve pandemic infection control |
Benfield, CT, Heymann, et al |
Vet Rec |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Bogdanova, E, Andronov, et al |
Int J Environ Res Public Health |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Unleashing Carbon Emissions Savings with Regular Teledermatology Clinics |
Bonsall, A |
Clin Exp Dermatol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Comment on Increased Risk of COVID-19 Among Users of Proton Pump Inhibitors |
Boushey, H, Gonda, et al |
Am J Gastroenterol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Infection Prevention Precautions for Routine Anesthesia Care During the SARS-CoV-2
Pandemic |
Bowdle, A, Jelacic, et al |
Anesth Analg |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Burdick, W, Dhillon, et al |
Hum Resour Health |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Burton, JenniferK, Bayne, et al |
The Lancet Healthy Longevity |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Appraisal needs to re-start now so doctors can reflect on coronavirus experiences |
Caesar, S, Layer, et al |
Bmj |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Dozens to be deliberately infected with coronavirus in UK 'human challenge' trials |
Callaway, E |
Nature |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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A call to action to evaluate renal functional reserve in patients with COVID-19 |
Cantaluppi, V, Guglielmetti, et al |
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Video consultations in primary and specialist care during the covid-19 pandemic and beyond |
Car, J, Koh, et al |
Bmj |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Role of interventional radiology in line insertion on intensive care during the
Covid-19 pandemic |
Cavenagh, T, Katsari, et al |
CVIR Endovasc |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Role of vitamin C in critically ill patients with COVID-19: is it effective? |
Chaudhary, S, Wright, et al |
Acute Crit Care |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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PMC7213969; Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 in Patients With Liver Injury |
Chen, P, Zhou, et al |
Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Cheng, MP, Lee, et al |
Cmaj |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Diagnoses of syphilis and HIV infection during the COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan |
Chia, CC, Chao, et al |
Sex Transm Infect |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Update Alert 5: Epidemiology of and Risk Factors for Coronavirus Infection in Health Care
Workers |
Chou, R, Dana, et al |
Ann Intern Med |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Onkologie
in Zeiten von COVID-19: Interdisziplinarität und Interprofessionalität wichtiger denn je |
Christ, MM |
Arzneimitteltherapie |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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PMC7568171; Ototoxicity prevention during the SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) emergency |
Ciorba, A, Skarżyński, et al |
J Glob Antimicrob Resist |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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[Renal Replacement Therapy for Acute Kidney Injury in COVID-19 Patients in Latin America] |
Claure-Del Granado, R, Casas-Aparicio, et al |
Kidney Blood Press Res |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Management of lung transplantation in the COVID-19 era - An international survey |
Coiffard, B, Lepper, et al |
Am J Transplant |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Nat Med |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Coronel Teixeira, R, Aguirre, et al |
J Intern Med |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Couto, M |
Revista Portuguesa de Imunoalergologia |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Dalmat, YM |
Option/Bio |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Dauby, N, Bottieau, et al |
Int J Infect Dis |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Davey Smith, G, Blastland, et al |
Bmj |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Re-Opening Exercise Science Laboratories and Testing During the Covid-19 Endemic Phase |
Dengel, DR, Evanoff, et al |
Int J Sports Med |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Oral manifestations and the role of the oral healthcare workers in COVID-19 |
Di Spirito, F, Pelella, et al |
Oral Dis |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Inpatient antibiotic utilization in the Veterans Administration during the COVID-19
pandemic |
Dieringer, TD, Furukawa, et al |
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Diver, S, Brightling, et al |
Respirology |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Dowie, J |
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Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Covid-19: Remdesivir has little or no impact on survival, WHO trial shows |
Dyer, O |
Bmj |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Eckert, N |
Deutsches Arzteblatt International |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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The Experience of Oncology Healthcare Providers in the Central Italy during the COVID-19
Lockdown |
Fabi, A, Pugliese, et al |
Cancers (Basel) |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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The Brazilian Government's mistakes in responding to the COVID-19 pandemic |
Ferigato, Sabrina, Fernandez, et al |
The Lancet |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Fernandez-Garcia, L, Pacios, et al |
Viruses |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Ferriss, JS, Rose, et al |
Gynecol Oncol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Gannon, F |
EMBO Rep |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Gelaye, B, Foster, et al |
Brain Behav Immun Health |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Geldsetzer, Pascal, Reinmuth, et al |
The Lancet Healthy Longevity |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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The Strange Case of BCG and COVID-19: The Verdict Is Still up in the Air |
Gopalaswamy, R, Ganesan, et al |
Vaccines (Basel) |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Görlinger, K, Dirkmann, et al |
Anesth Analg |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Hager, Gregory, Kumar, et al |
arXiv |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Simulation in neurosurgical education during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond |
Haji, FA |
Can J Neurol Sci |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Hammoud, S, Wehbe, et al |
Mol Pharmacol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Han, L, Wang, et al |
Medicine (Baltimore) |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Hasanzadeh, M, Azad, et al |
Asia Pac J Clin Oncol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Haynes, BF, Corey, et al |
Sci Transl Med |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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A Novel Clinical Consideration to Conserve Parenteral Fentanyl During the COVID-19
Pandemic |
Herndon, KT, Claussen, et al |
Anesth Analg |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Hill, MA, Sowers, et al |
Metabolism |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Ho, CW, Lin, et al |
Cancer Nurs |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Holme, TA |
Journal of chemical education |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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PMC7565235; The Pandemic and the Transformation of Liberal International Order |
Huang, Q |
J Chin Polit Sci |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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COVID-19 and health care inaccessibility in sub-Saharan Africa |
Hulland, Erin |
The Lancet Healthy Longevity |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Issa, BG, Becker, et al |
Diabetes care |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Jalal, B, Chamberlain, et al |
CNS Spectr |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Reenvisioning pediatric pulmonology: Reflections from an adult COVID-19 unit |
Januska, MN, Reynolds, et al |
Pediatr Pulmonol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Jayaswal, K, Palwalia, et al |
Microsyst Technol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Johnson, KA, Quest, et al |
J Pain Symptom Manage |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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32451353; Evidence of protective effect of hydroxychloroquine on COVID-19 |
Joob, B, Wiwanitkit, et al |
Journal of Rheumatology |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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A life-course model for healthier ageing: lessons learned during the COVID-19
pandemic |
Jowell, Ashley, Carstensen, et al |
The Lancet Healthy Longevity |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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COVID-19
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Junker, A |
Arzneimitteltherapie |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Kessler, Eva-Marie, Bowen, et al |
The Lancet Healthy Longevity |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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PMC7566889; Comments about: COVID-19: Initial experience of an international
group of hand surgeons |
Kiely, J, Fleet, et al |
Hand Surg Rehabil |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Saliva-based testing for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection: A meta-analysis |
Kivelä, JM, Jarva, et al |
J Med Virol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Kohler, JC, Bowra, et al |
Global Health |
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Kouroubali, A, Kondylakis, et al |
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Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Kucirkova, N, Evertsen-Stanghelle, et al |
Int J Child Comput Interact |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Kuehn, BM |
Jama |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Kuehn, BM |
Jama |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Kumar, P |
Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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PMC7566695; Hydroxychloroquine prescribing habits and impact by the COVID-19 pandemic |
Kuraitis, D, Murina, et al |
J Am Acad Dermatol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Lad, SS, Kait, et al |
Indian J Pediatr |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Increase in sexually transmitted infection during the COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan |
Lee, KK, Lai, et al |
J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Lessons Learned from Battling COVID-19: The Korean Experience |
Lee, SM, Lee, et al |
Int J Environ Res Public Health |
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Surviving the COVID-19 pandemic: early response of a gynecologic oncology unit in
Singapore |
Lim, YH, Chay, et al |
J Gynecol Oncol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Ethical Framework for Assessing Manual and Digital Contact Tracing for COVID-19 |
Lo, B, Sim, et al |
Ann Intern Med |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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A Viewpoint On Potential Biomarkers For Infectious COVID-19 severity: An
Updated Literature Survey |
Mali, SN, Mohajer, et al |
Infect Disord Drug Targets |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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COVID-19 and late-onset hypertension with hyporeninaemic hypoaldosteronism |
Manda, AKJ, Kho, et al |
Int J Clin Pract |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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PMC7567638; Fondaparinux: Should It Be Studied in Patients with COVID-19 Disease? |
Marongiu, F, Barcellona, et al |
TH Open |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Matsuo, K, Huang, et al |
Eur J Cancer |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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COVID-19 prevalence and seroconversion in an urban hemodialysis unit in the United Kingdom |
McCafferty, K, Davari, et al |
Hemodial Int |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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McCartney, M, Sullivan, et al |
BMJ Evid Based Med |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Inner Workings: Researchers race to develop in-home testing for COVID-19, a potential
game changer |
McDermott, A |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Diabetes care |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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McKee, M, Stuckler, et al |
Bmj |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Mena Lora, AJ, Ali, et al |
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol |
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Am J Transplant |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Meng, X, Liu, et al |
Radiology |
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Michielsen, K, Larrson, et al |
Sex Transm Infect |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Miller, J, Opat, et al |
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Don't make the best of it, make it better: Matching to residency programs during COVID-19 |
Moore, F, Bouhadoun, et al |
Can J Neurol Sci |
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Rethinking the Role of Advance Care Planning in the Context of Infectious Disease |
Moorman, S, Boerner, et al |
J Aging Soc Policy |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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The remote neuro-otology assessment - managing dizziness in the coronavirus disease
2019 era |
Murdin, L, Saman, et al |
J Laryngol Otol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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State of the Pandemic Commentary: Preparing Nursing Homes for a Second Wave of COVID-19 |
Murthy, AR, Hanrahan, et al |
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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COVID-19: Need for Equitable and Inclusive Pandemic Response Framework |
Mustafa, S, Jayadev, et al |
Int J Health Serv |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Myers, Kyle, Lakhani, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Improving knowledge and innovations to tackle Covid-19 pandemic |
Nabi, G |
Scott Med J |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Ng, CFS, Seposo, et al |
Int J Infect Dis |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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O'Brien, Niki, Martin, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
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O'Connor, RC, Wetherall, et al |
Br J Psychiatry |
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Transfus Clin Biol |
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Onuora, S |
Nat Rev Rheumatol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Health and social effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients with cystic fibrosis |
Osterbauer, B, Hasday, et al |
Int Forum Allergy Rhinol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Oude Munnink, BB, Nieuwenhuijse, et al |
Nat Med |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Papagiannidis, S, Harris, et al |
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JAMA Intern Med |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Immunity, endothelial injury and complement-induced coagulopathy in COVID-19 |
Perico, L, Benigni, et al |
Nat Rev Nephrol |
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Effect of PEEP and Proning on Ventilation and Perfusion in COVID-19 ARDS |
Perier, F, Tuffet, et al |
Am J Respir Crit Care Med |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Did the coronavirus pandemic reveal old neglected infections? |
Pigliacelli, F, Donà, et al |
Int J Dermatol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Pimentel, LL, Rodríguez-Alcalá, et al |
Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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32990735; Changes in Adult Alcohol Use and Consequences During the COVID-19
Pandemic in the US |
Pollard, MS, Tucker, et al |
JAMA network open |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Color of Covid and Gender of Covid: Essential Workers, Not Disposable People |
Powell, Catherine |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Committing to endangerment: medical teams in the age of corona in Jewish ethics |
Rashi, T |
Med Health Care Philos |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Nursing's Response to the Executive Order to Advance American Kidney Health |
Reid, KRY, Queheillalt, et al |
Policy Polit Nurs Pract |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Behavioral gender differences are reinforced during the COVID-19 crisis |
Reisch, Tobias, Heiler, et al |
arXiv |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Connecting at the Webside: Rapid Telehealth Implementation for Musculoskeletal Clinicians |
Rethorn, ZD, Lee, et al |
J Orthop Sports Phys Ther |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Increase medical workforce to tackle covid-19 backlog, doctors' leaders urge |
Rimmer, A |
Bmj |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Rivas, MN, Porritt, et al |
J Allergy Clin Immunol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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The Cancer Nurse as Primary Palliative Care Agent During COVID-19 |
Rosa, WE, Finlayson, et al |
Cancer Nurs |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Accuracy of point-of-care diagnostic tests for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (IgM/IgG) is
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Sacks, HS |
Ann Intern Med |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Salah, HM, Mehta, et al |
J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Aesthet Surg J |
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J Oncol Pharm Pract |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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32990737; Clinical Screening for COVID-19 in Asymptomatic Patients With
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Shah, MA, Mayer, et al |
JAMA network open |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Role of Otorhinolaryngologists During COVID-19 Crisis in Developing Countries |
Shakrawal, N |
Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Shenton, C, Aucott, et al |
J Laryngol Otol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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How nurses can support the inclusion in research of older people who lack capacity
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Shepherd, V |
Nurs Older People |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Deutsches Arzteblatt International |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Singh, A, Sonpar, et al |
Ann Intern Med |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Addressing the caste system in U.S. healthcare in the era of COVID-19 |
Sivashanker, K, Couillard, et al |
Int J Equity Health |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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PMC7561431; China's global engagement to fight the novel coronavirus pandemic |
Song, W |
Glob Health Res Policy |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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COVID-19 Pandemic in Thailand: Implementing Containment Measures and Their
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Sornklin, Hongsuda, Kerdsomboon, et al |
Research Square prepub |
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Spence, D |
Bmj |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Sperrin, M, McMillan, et al |
Bmj |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Covid-19 in Sweden and UK: medical leadership should energise wider debate |
Spooner, A |
Bmj |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Locally Informed Simulation to Predict Hospital Capacity Needs During the COVID-19 Pandemic |
Stern, RH |
Ann Intern Med |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Evidence synthesis communities in low-income and middle-income countries and
the COVID-19 response |
Stewart, Ruth, El-Harakeh, et al |
The Lancet |
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Stifter, J, Sermersheim, et al |
J Nurs Care Qual |
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Dermatol Ther |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Covid-19: Fauci awarded for "unprecedented public service" while Trump fires more insults |
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Bmj |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Bmj |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Anosmia caused by ischemic olfactory infarction: false alert for COVID-19 infection |
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Qjm |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Sex Transm Infect |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Psychiatry Clin Neurosci |
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New-Onset Type 1 Diabetes in Children During COVID-19: Multicenter Regional Findings in
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Diabetes care |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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National Well-Being Measures Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Online
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VanderWeele, TJ, Fulks, et al |
J Gen Intern Med |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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PMC7568516; Reply to: Asymptomatic infection by SARS 2 coronavirus: invisible but
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Velavan, TP, Meyer, et al |
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Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Appendix: Process and definitions.
A daily search for new publications is conducted in PubMed, Scopus,
BioRxiv and MedRxiv, SSRN,
Research Square,
arXiv for all publications related to COVID-19 disease or SARS-CoV-2 using the search terms (COVID-19 OR SARS-CoV-2
OR "novel CoV" OR "novel coronavirus" OR nCoV) adapted to each database. The capture is cross-referenced with publication announcements on the COVID-19 dashboards set up by a number of publishers and google. Publishers include
Lancet,
Elsevier,
The New England Journal of Medicine,
BMJ, Wiley,
Springer Nature, ChinaCDCweekly.
Additionally the database is cross-referenced with other literature scans and activities by collaborators. Members of the Emerging Sciences group examine and shorten the abstract or develop 1 -2 point summaries of each publication. Please email Lisa
Waddell for additional information: Lisa.Waddell@canada.ca.
References are compiled in a reworks database that has citations since the beginning of the outbreak. All references can be accessed at this
link and by the categories listed below. The daily scan has also been compiled in an excel sheet and copies can be provided upon request or
accessed
here.
Category Definitions:
Modelling/ prediction: Predictive modeling is a process that uses data mining and probability to forecast outcomes. Each model is made up of a number of predictors, which are variables that are likely
to influence future results.
Epidemiology: the branch of medicine which deals with the incidence, distribution, and possible control of diseases and other factors relating to health. Includes Ro,
attack rates, case number doubling time, case fatality rate, serial interval, clinical attack rate, asymptomatic fraction, proportion of asymptomatic and infective*
Transmission: The passage of a pathogen causing communicable disease from an infected host to an uninfected host via direct or indirect routes.
Clinical data of cases: Includes clinical parameters such as incubation period, latent period, period of communicability, duration of illness, duration of hospitalization, host risk factors, as well
as clinical profiles of patients; presenting symptoms, symptoms over course of illness, sequelae, comorbidities.*
Surveillance: Public health surveillance is the continuous, systematic collection, analysis and interpretation of health-related data. Surveillance data will likely be number of cases suspected/confirmed,
number of deaths, number recovered. *
Coronavirology: All research relating to the virus; its characteristics, genetic make-up, phylogenetic analyses
Diagnostics / Pathogen detection:
All studies on identification of the virus; culture, PCR, antibody/antigen tests etc.
Therapeutics: Studies of substances that may be used to treat infected hosts including passive immunization products.
Vaccine Research: Studies of vaccine candidates to prevent infection with 2019-nCoV including clinical trials.
Public Health Priorities: These citations will focus on what the current research priorities are and/or where knowledge gaps exist.
Public Health interventions*:
Any study evaluating how effective a public health intervention is or maybe (in the case of a predictive model).
Public Health response:
These papers are typically overviews of past and current activities, they often also identify knowledge gaps and suggest future activities or objectives.
Infection Prevention and Control/
Prévention et contrôle des infections (IPAC/PCI): Any research on the effectiveness of IPC interventions should also be tagged as IPC
Health care Response: This foci would include a description of activities to deal with 2019-nCoV cases including, but not limited to: set up of a special emergency multi-disciplinary intensive care team; Bed and medical equipment
preparation/ stock piling supplies; Education and training of staff; Early case recognition and classification of disease severity.
Economics: papers discussing/ forecasting the economics of COVID-19 pandemic.
Immunology: the study of the immune system and includes serology studies in conjunction with other foci (e.g. epidemiology or diagnostics)
Animal Model:
An animal model is a living, non-human, often genetic-engineered animal used during the research and investigation of human disease, for the purpose of better understanding the disease
process without the added risk of harming an actual human.
Zoonotic:
all literature discussing the transmission to and from or occurrence of naturally acquired SARS-COV-2 infection in animals.
Review Literature: All articles that summarize the published literature can be tagged as a review. This includes systematic review, meta-analysis, scoping review, overviews, umbrella reviews*
Commentary/Editorial: For commentaries, editorials, letters to the editor, other types of opinion pieces where there is no new data collected by the author or analysis conducted by the author, please tag these within the commentary
category.
News articles that have not scientific information.
*Lists are not exhaustive
Annexe: Processus et définitions.
Une recherche quotidienne des nouvelles publications est effectuée dans PubMed, Scopus,
BioRxiv and MedRxiv,
SSRN,
Research Square,
arXiv
pour toutes les publications relatives à la maladie COVID-19 ou au SRAS-CoV-2 en utilisant les termes de recherche (COVID-19 OU SARS-CoV-2 OU « novel CoV » OU « novel coronavirus » OU nCoV). La saisie renvoie à des annonces de publication
sur les tableaux de bord du nCoV mis en place par un certain nombre d'éditeurs et par Google. Parmi les éditeurs figurent
Lancet,
Elsevier,
The New England Journal of Medicine,
BMJ,
Wiley,
Springer Nature,
ChinaCDCweekly. En outre, la base de données renvoie à d'autres survols de publications, et à des activités des collaborateurs.
Les membres du groupe scientifique émergent préparent des résumés en 1 ou 2 points de chaque publication. Pour en savoir plus, veuillez envoyer un courriel à Lisa Waddell au :
Lisa.Waddell@canada.ca.
Les références sont compilées dans une base de données Refworks qui contient des citations depuis le début de l'épidémie. Toutes les références sont accessibles à partir de ce
lien et par les catégories énumérées ci-dessous. L'analyse quotidienne a également été compilée
dans une feuille Excel et des copies peuvent être fournies sur demande ou consultées
ici.
Définitions des catégories :
Modélisation / prédiction : La modélisation prédictive est un processus qui utilise l'exploration de données et la probabilité pour prévoir les résultats.
Chaque modèle est composé de plusieurs prédicteurs, qui sont des variables susceptibles d'influencer les résultats futurs.
Épidémiologie :
Branche de la médecine qui traite de l'incidence, de la répartition et du contrôle éventuel des maladies et d'autres facteurs liés à la santé. Comprend le taux de reproduction de base (Ro), les taux d'attaque,
le temps de doublement du nombre de cas, le taux de létalité, l'intervalle sériel, le taux d'attaque clinique, la fraction asymptomatique, la proportion de cas asymptomatiques et infectieux*.
Transmission :
Passage d'un agent pathogène causant une maladie transmissible d'un hôte infecté à un hôte non infecté par des voies directes ou indirectes.
Données cliniques
des cas : Comprend les paramètres cliniques tels que la période d'incubation, la période de latence, la période de contagiosité, la durée de la maladie, la durée de l'hospitalisation, les facteurs de risque de l'hôte, ainsi que
les profils cliniques des patients; les symptômes présentés, les symptômes au cours de la maladie, les séquelles, les comorbidités.*
Surveillance : La surveillance de la santé publique est la collecte, l'analyse et l'interprétation continues et systématiques de données relatives à la santé.
Les données de surveillance concerneront probablement le nombre de cas suspects / confirmés, le nombre de décès, le nombre de personnes guéries. *
Coronavirologie : Toutes les recherches relatives au virus, ses caractéristiques, sa constitution génétique et les analyses phylogénétiques.
Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes : Toutes les études sur l'identification du virus : culture, PCR, tests de dépistage d'anticorps ou d’antigènes,
etc.
Thérapeutique :
Étude des substances pouvant être utilisées pour traiter les hôtes infectés, y compris les produits d'immunisation passive.
Recherche sur les vaccins : Études des candidats à la vaccination pour prévenir l'infection par le 2019-nCoV, y compris des essais cliniques.
Priorités de santé publique :
Ces citations porteront sur les priorités actuelles de recherche et/ou sur les lacunes dans les connaissances.
Interventions de santé publique* :
Toute étude évaluant l'efficacité (réelle ou possible) d'une intervention de santé publique (dans le cas d'un modèle prédictif).
Réponse de la santé publique :
Ces articles sont généralement des aperçus des activités passées et actuelles, qui identifient souvent les lacunes dans les connaissances et suggèrent des activités ou des objectifs futurs.
Prévention et contrôle des infections/Infection Prevention and Control (PCI/IPAC) :
Les recherches sur l'efficacité des interventions en PCI doivent également être marquées comme PCI.
Réponse des soins de santé :
Ce point comprendrait une description des activités pour traiter les cas de 2019-nCoV, notamment : mise en place d'une équipe multidisciplinaire spéciale de soins intensifs d'urgence; préparation des lits et des équipements médicaux
/ stockage des fournitures; sensibilisation et formation du personnel; reconnaissance précoce des cas et classification de la gravité de la maladie.
Immunologie : l'étude du système immunitaire et comprend des études sérologiques en conjonction avec d'autres foyers (p. ex. épidémiologie ou diagnostic)
Modèle
animal:
Un modèle animal est un animal vivant, non humain, souvent génétiquement modifié, utilisé lors de la recherche et de l'investigation des maladies humaines, dans
le but de mieux comprendre le processus de la maladie sans risque supplémentaire de nuire à un humain réel.
Zoonotic:
all literature discussing the transmission to and from or occurrence of naturally acquired SARS-COV-2 infection in animals.
Économie: documents discutant / prévoyant l'économie de la pandémie de COVID-19
Revue de la documentation :
Tous les articles qui résument les documents publiés peuvent être marqués comme une revue. Cela comprend les revues systématiques, les méta-analyses, les études de la portée, les aperçus, les examens généraux*.
Commentaires/Éditorial : Pour les commentaires, éditoriaux, lettres à la rédaction, autres types d'articles d'opinion pour lesquels aucune nouvelle donnée n'est collectée ou aucune
analyse n'est effectuée par l'auteur, veuillez les marquer dans la catégorie des commentaires.
journaux Articles de presse qui n'ont pas d'informations scientifiques.
* Les listes ne sont pas exhaustives