Subject: Daily Scan of COVID-19 Scientific Publications / survol journalier des publications scientifiques du COVID-19, 2020-10-14
Good afternoon,
There are 691 citations in today’s scan. 476 were considered primary research or review literature.
Highlights today include:
CANADA
·
Yuan et al
(preprint) employ an SEAIR model with household structure able to capture the stay-at-home policy (SAHP) in Toronto, Canada. After the implementation of the SAHP, the contact rate outside the household fell by 39%. When people properly respect the SAHP,
the outbreak can be quickly controlled, but extending its duration beyond two months (65 days) had little effect. Findings also suggest that to avoid a large rebound of the epidemic, the average number of contacts per person per day should be kept below nine.
This study suggests that fully reopening schools, offices, and other activities, is possible if the use of other NPIs is strictly adhered to.
·
Wang et al.
We conducted a population-based prospective cohort study involving individuals tested for SARS-CoV-2 in the Greater Toronto Area between Jan. 23, 2020, and May 20, 2020. We observed a shift in the proportion of cumulative
cases from all cases being related to travel to cases in residents of long-term care homes, shelters, other congregate settings and community settings, with cumulative travel-related cases at 4.1%. Cumulatively, compared with the rest of the population, the
diagnosed cases per capita was 64-fold and 19-fold higher among long-term care home and shelter residents, respectively. After adjusting for age and sex, residents of long-term care homes were 2.4 times more likely to test positive, and those who received
a diagnosis of COVID-19 were 1.4-fold more likely to die than the rest of the population.
PUBLIC HEALTH INTERVENTIONS
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Andronico et al. report and evaluate the control strategy implemented during a large SARS-CoV-2 epidemic
in June-July 2020 in French Guiana that relied on curfews, targeted lockdowns and other measures. The combination of these interventions reduced the basic reproduction number of SARS-CoV-2 from 1.7 to 1.1, which was sufficient to avoid saturation of hospitals.
·
Zhang, et al. Authors sought to quantify the impact of several public health measures, including non-medical mask-wearing, shelter-in-place, and detection
of silent infections to help inform COVID-19 mitigation strategies. Mask-wearing, even with the use of non-medical masks with only 20% efficacy in preventing disease transmission, has a substantial impact on outbreak control. Shelter-in-place strategies remain
an important public health intervention, amid ongoing outbreaks.
TRANSMISSION
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Chu et al.
conducted a retrospective cohort study among household contacts of primary cases defined as children and adolescents aged 7-19 years. Among 526 household contacts of 224 primary cases, 48 secondary cases were identified,
corresponding to a secondary attack rate of 9%. Our findings show that children and adolescents can transmit SARS-CoV-2 to adult contacts and other children in a household setting.
IMMUNOLOGY
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Lei et al used NAT and commercial kits for serum IgM and IgG antibodies to screen 11,766 epidemiologically suspected individuals and 63 asymptomatic individuals.
A combination of NAT and serological testing for IgM antibody discovered 55.5% of the total of 63 asymptomatic infections. Asymptomatics mainly produced IgM and IgG antibodies against S1 and N proteins. S1 specific IgM responses, which evolved in asymptomatic
individuals as early as the seventh day after exposure, peaked on days from 17d to 25d, and then disappeared in two months, might be used as an early diagnostic biomarker. 11.8% of mild patients and 38.1% of asymptomatic individuals did not produce neutralizing
antibody. In particular, neutralizing antibody in asymptomatics gradually vanished in two months.
EPIDEMIOLOGY
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Okarska-Napierała et al. describe characteristics of a cluster of SARS-CoV-2 cases associated with a nursery in Poland within 2 weeks
of reopening. The authors question the role of young children in driving the COVID-19 pandemic. Most children in the study were asymptomatic, and this cluster would likely not have been detected without subsequent testing of persons who had direct contact
with the index case-patient.
·
Hamed, et al.
present metadata of 60,703 SARS-CoV-2 genomes submitted to GISAID database were analyzed with respect to genomic clades and their geographic, age, and gender distributions. Metadata analysis showed higher (p > 0.05) prevalence of severe/deceased cases
among males than females and predominance of GR clade in female and children patients. Furthermore, severe disease/death was more prevalent (p < 0.05) in elderly than in adults/children. These findings uniquely provide an evidence-based evolution of SARS-CoV-2
leading to altered infectivity, virulence, and mortality.
·
Yu et al.
identify 31 patients who presented re-positive via SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test (RP), among a sample of confirmed COVID-19 patients (n=365) discharged from hospital in spring 2020. The mean time from onset to admission was significantly longer in the
RP group, who also displayed a milder clinical course. In laboratory tests, neutrophils to lymphocyte ratio, c-reactive protein, CK-MB activity, blood urea nitrogen, lactate dehydrogenase, hematocrit, and glucose were lower in RP group. Shortness of breath
and weight loss were more common in RP group, when compared to the matched group.
SEROPREVALANCE
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Roederer et al conducted a seroprevalence study to assess the level of exposure to COVID-19 among the population living
in precarious conditions. Seroprevalence was highest at 88.7% (95%CI 81.8-93.2) among individuals living in workers residences, followed by 50.5% in emergency shelters and 27.8 % among individuals recruited from the food distribution sites. Among other risk
factors, the odds for seropositivity were higher among individuals living in crowded sites compared with individuals from low crowding sites and among those who reported transit accommodation in a gymnasium before the lockdown.
CLINICAL DATA
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Tillett et al
investigated the two instances of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the same individual. The patient had two positive tests for SARS-CoV-2, the first on April 18, 2020, and the second on June 5, 2020, separated by two negative tests done during follow-up in May,
2020. Genomic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 showed genetically significant differences between each variant associated with each instance of infection. The second infection was symptomatically more severe than the first.
·
Yan et al.
In this case study, nucleocapsid protein antigens were detected on the cells of the conjunctiva, iris, and trabecular meshwork of a patient with a COVID-19 infection, and these antigens were absent on the specimens from the control patient. Nucleocapsid
protein antigens of SARS-CoV-2 existed in the inner ocular tissues of a patient previously infected with COVID-19, which implied that SARS-CoV-2 can infect ocular tissues as well as the respiratory system.
·
Mulder et al.
describes a case of SARS-CoV-2 reinfecion in an 89-year old Dutch immunocompromised woman. The patient experienced a more severe second episode and passed away.
VACCINE RESEARCH
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Huang et al.
developed a nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccine in lipid-encapsulated form which encoded SARS-CoV-2 RBD (mRNA-RBD). A single immunization of mRNA-RBD elicited both robust neutralizing antibody and cellular response, and conferred a near-complete protection
against wild SARS-CoV-2 infection in lungs of hACE2 transgenic mice. High levels of neutralizing antibodies response induced by mRNA-RBD vaccination was maintain for at least 6.5 months.
CORONAVIROLOGY
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Lednicky, et al.
report that in February and March, 2020, environmental surface swab samples were collected from the handle of the main entry door of a major university building in Florida, as part of a pilot surveillance project screening for influenza. Both SARS-CoV-2
and influenza virus were detected in the sample collected on February 21, 2020. Based on sequence analysis, the Florida SARS-CoV-2 strain (designated UF-11) was identical to strains being identified in Washington state during the same time period, while the
earliest similar sequences were sampled in China/Hubei between Dec 30th 2019 and Jan 5th 2020.
DIAGNOSTICS
·
Jin et al proposed an artificial intelligence (AI) system for rapid COVID-19 detection. We developed and evaluated our system on a large dataset with more than 10
thousand CT volumes from COVID-19, influenza-A/B, non-viral community acquired pneumonia (CAP) and non-pneumonia subjects. In such a difficult multi-class diagnosis task, our deep convolutional neural network-based system is able to achieve an area under the
receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 97.81% for multi-way classification on test cohort of 3,199 scans, AUC of 92.99% and 93.25% on two publicly available datasets, CC-CCII and MosMedData respectively.
·
Brandsma et al.
compare DETECTR (a CRISPR-based diagnostic method) to qRT-PCR for COVID-19 diagnosis on 378 patient samples. They report 95% reproducibility between the two methods. DETECTR is also suitable as a point of care test and is 100% specific for SARS-CoV-2
relative to other coronaviruses.
·
Cota et. al.
conducted a blind evaluation of six lateral flow immune assays (LFIAs) and six enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) commercially available in Brazil to detect anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The sensitivity ranged from 59.5% to 83.1% for LFIAs and
from 50.7% to 92.6% for ELISAs and increased with clinical severity and days of symptoms. The agreement between LFIA performed in digital blood and serum was moderate. Specificity was, in general, higher for LFIAs than for ELISAs. Absence of discriminatory
power between IgM/IgA and IgG has also been demonstrated, which prevents the use of acute phase antibodies for decisions on social isolation.
THERAPEUTICS
·
Chiodini et al
report a phase 2 trial, TOCIVID19, evaluating the efficacy and tolerability of tocilizumab in the treatment of patients with severe or critical COVID-19 pneumonia. They
provide details of planned statistical analyses for TOCIVID19 trial to reduce the risk of reporting bias and increase validity of the study findings.TOCIVID-19 trial is registered in the EudraCT database with number 2020-001110-38 and
in clinicaltrials.gov with ID NCT04317092.
·
Baum et al.
demonstrated that REGN-COV2, a cocktail of two neutralizing antibodies that target the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, showed therapeutic efficacy in severe (hamster) and mild (rhesus macaque) animal models of disease.
·
Annie, et al.
investigated a multinational COVID‐19 patient database of real world data containing outcomes and their relationship to hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) use. The primary outcome was all‐cause mortality within 30 days follow‐up. We report from a large retrospective
multinational database analysis of COVID‐19 outcomes with HCQ and overall mortality in hospitalized patients. There was no statistically significant increase in mortality and mortality/arrhythmia with HCQ or HCQ/azithromycin.
Regards,
Lisa Waddell, Tricia Corrin, Rukshanda Ahmad, Robyn Odell, Maribeth Mitri, Julie Theriault, Dobrila Todoric, Alejandra Dubois, Austyn Baumeister, Anam Khan, Musaab Younis, Lien Mi Tien, Dima Ayache, Angela Sloan, Kaitlin Young, Chatura
Prematunge, Ainsley Otten, Irene Yong, Drew Greydanus, Shalane Ha, Alex Gilbert, Jessie Varga, Vanessa Zubach, Meenu Sharma, Kristyn Burak
Focus areas: Modelling/ prediction, Epidemiology, Transmission, Clinical data, Surveillance, Coronavirology, Diagnostics / Pathogen detection, Therapeutics,
Vaccine Research, Public health interventions, Public Health response, Public Health Priorities, IPAC, Health care response, immunology, economics, animal model, zoonoses, Review Literature, Commentary/Editorial, news
Domaines cibles: Modélisation/prédiction, Épidémiologie, Transmission, Données cliniques, Surveillance, Coronavirologie, Diagnostics
/ Détection d'agents pathogènes, Thérapeutique, Recherche sur les vaccins, Interventions de santé publique, Priorités de santé publique, PCI,
Réponse des soins de santé, immunologie, économie, modèle animal, zoonoses, Revue de littérature, Commentaire/Éditorial, journaux
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PUBLICATIONS |
AUTHORS / AUTEURS |
SOURCE |
FOCI / DOMAINE |
SUMMARY / SOMMAIRE |
PMC7542089; Right Atrial Thrombus in Transient in a COVID-19 Patient: Clinical Echocardiographic Features-Case Report and Literature Review |
Abool Maaly, CA, Al Suwaidi, et al |
SN Compr Clin Med |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
A 54-year-old male is admitted with COVID-19 pneumonia and received prophylactic anticoagulation. On day 8, the patient
rapidly deteriorated requiring urgent endotracheal intubation. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed large right atrial thrombus in transient, resulting in pulmonary embolism and severe RV failure; fibrinolytic therapy was not effective and the patient passed
away. |
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Acute, Post-Acute, and Primary Care Utilization in a Home-Based Primary Care Program
during COVID-19 |
Abrashkin, KA, Zhang, et al |
Gerontologist |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
The purpose of this study was to describe changes in care utilization by homebound advanced illness management (AIM) patients in an epicenter of the COVID-19
pandemic before and during the pandemic. Acute and post-acute utilization for enrollees (n=1,468) decreased March-May 2020 compared to one year prior (n=1,452), while utilization of AIM program resources remained high. While further study is needed, our results
suggest that AIM programs can provide support to homebound older adults in the home setting during a pandemic. |
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Addetia, A, Lin, et al |
J Clin Microbiol |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
Here, we evaluated the Swift Biosciences’ single tube, SARS-CoV-2 multiplex amplicon sequencing panel for the recovery of genomes from low viral loads
samples (Ct > 26 on Hologic Panther Fusion). we performed a phylogenetic analysis of the 46 strains with complete genomes and 109 randomly selected global SARS-CoV-2 strains. The 46 strains belonged to both major lineages defined by Pangolin (https://github.com/cov61
lineages/pangolin) (12) and reflected the genomic diversity currently circulating in the SARS-CoV-2 population. |
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Agostini, A, Borgheresi, et al |
Radiol Med |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We investigate the role of third-generation iterative reconstruction (ADMIRE) in dual-source, high-pitch chest CT protocol with spectral shaping at 100
kVp in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The LDCT with spectral shaping and ADMIRE3 provided acceptable image quality in the evaluation of patients with COVID-19, with significantly reduced radiation dose and motion artifacts. |
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Akilesh, S, Nast, et al |
Am J Kidney Dis |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We conducted a multi-center evaluation of kidney biopsy findings in living patients to identify various kidney disease pathology in patients with COVID-19
and their association with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Cases of even symptomatically mild COVID-19 infection were accompanied by AKI and/or heavy proteinuria that prompted a diagnostic kidney biopsy. While acute tubular injury was seen among the majority of them,
uncommon pathology such as collapsing glomerulopathy and acute endothelial injury were detected, and most of these patients progressed to irreversible kidney injury and dialysis. |
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Al Maskari, Z, Al Blushi, et al |
Int J Infect Dis |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
This study describes the characteristics healthcare workers (HCWs) who tested positive for COVID-19 in a tertiary care
hospital in Oman. During the study period, 204 HCWs were tested positive for COVID-19 by rRT-PCR test with a test positivity rate of 21.2% and the percentage of infected hospital staff was 4.3%. HCWs are at an increased risk of COVID-19 infection at the workplace. |
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PMC7525359; How can process safety and a risk management approach guide pandemic
risk management? |
Alauddin, M, Islam Khan, et al |
J Loss Prev Process Ind |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique |
This work adopts an advanced mechanistic model and utilizes tools for process safety to propose a framework for risk
management for the current pandemic. . The case study provides valuable insights to practitioners in both the health sector and the process industries to implement advanced strategies for risk assessment and management. |
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Ali, E, Ziglam, et al |
Am J Case Rep |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We report an unusual case of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a 24-year-old man with no previous medical illness, who presented
with mild respiratory involvement. He had no serious lung injury during the disease course. However, he experienced acute fulminant hepatitis B infection and cytokine release syndrome that led to multiorgan failure and death. |
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Ali, Kameran Mohammed, Ali, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Examined Creactive protein (CRP) level, high erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and serum albumin biomarkers in
severe and mild-moderate COVID-19 post recovery patients. In severe group patients, serum albumin had a strong negative correlation with both ESR and CRP. There was a positive correlation between ESR and CRP in the same group. However, there was no correlation
among mild-moderate group patients in those biomarkers. |
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Silent Transmission of SARS-CoV-2
Among Ambulatory Influenza Like Illness (ILI) Patients |
Alosaimi, Bandar, Naeem, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
We hypothesized that influenza vaccination may provide a protective effect against SARS-CoV-2. 37/739 specimens were
positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Next generation sequencing data confirmed independent introductions and transmission earlier than previously thought. Influenza vaccination was not statistically associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection but shortness of breath was
significantly lower in the ILI cases with the history of influenza vaccination suggesting a protective effect of the influenza vaccine, at least in part, on COVID-19 disease outcomes. |
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Alshekaili, M, Hassan, et al |
BMJ Open |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
This study aims to assess and compare demographic and psychological factors and sleep status of frontline healthcare
workers (HCWs) in relation to non-frontline HCWs; we included 1139 HCWs working in Oman. While working during the pandemic period, a total of 368 (32.3%), 388 (34.1%), 271 (23.8%) and 211 (18.5%) respondents were reported to have depression, anxiety, stress
and insomnia, respectively. Results suggests that frontline HCWs are disproportionally affected compared to non-frontline HCWs. |
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Altundag, A, Yıldırım, et al |
Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
This study aimed to investigate the differences in olfactory cleft (OC) morphology in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
anosmia compared to control subjects and postviral anosmia related to infection other than severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Patients with COVID-19 anosmia had higher OC widths and volumes compared to control subjects. In addition,
there was higher T2 SI of the olfactory bulb in COVID-19 anosmia compared to control subjects, suggesting underlying inflammatory changes. |
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The impact of COVID-19 on children with autism spectrum disorder |
Amorim, R, Catarino, et al |
Rev Neurol |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
The aim of this study was to explore how children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and their parents experienced
the social isolation during COVID-19 outbreak period. Results show a potential important psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic not only in children with neurodevelopmental disorders but in their caregivers as well. |
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Evaluating the impact of curfews and other measures
on SARS-CoV-2 transmission in French Guiana |
Andronico, Alessio, Tran Kiem, et al |
medRxiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health
interventions*| Interventions de santé publique |
Here, we report and evaluate the control strategy implemented during a large SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in June-July 2020
in French Guiana that relied on curfews, targeted lockdowns and other measures. We find that the combination of these interventions reduced the basic reproduction number of SARS-CoV-2 from 1.7 to 1.1, which was sufficient to avoid saturation of hospitals.
We estimate that thanks to the young demographics across the territory, the risk of hospitalisation following infection was 0.3 times that of metropolitan France and that about 20% of the population was infected by July. |
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Hydroxychloroquine in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: Real world experience assessing mortality |
Annie, FH, Sirbu, et al |
Pharmacotherapy |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
We investigated a multinational COVID‐19 patient database of real world data containing outcomes and their relationship
to hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) use. The primary outcome was all‐cause mortality within 30 days follow‐up. We report from a large retrospective multinational database analysis of COVID‐19 outcomes with HCQ and overall mortality in hospitalized patients. There
was no statistically significant increase in mortality and mortality/arrhythmia with HCQ or HCQ/azithromycin. |
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Aomar-MIllán, Ismael Francisco, Salvatierra, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
The aim of this study was to assess the role of anakinra in the clinical course (death, admission to the intensive
care ward) during the first 60 days after the first corticosteroid pulse. In patients with moderate hyperinflammatory state associated with severe COVID-19 pneumonia, treatment with anakinra after non-response to corticosteroids or corticosteroids plus tocilizumab
therapy may be an option for the management of these patients, and may improve their prognosis. |
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Observational study of people infected with SARS-Cov-2, treated with amantadine |
Aranda-Abreu, G, Aranda-Martínez, et al |
Pharmacol Rep |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
We conducted an observational study of 15 patients from a Southeastern area of Mexico with symptoms compatible with
SARS-Cov-2, which were treated with the antiviral amantadine. Data were collected from 15 individuals with clinical symptoms of COVID-19 infection, which were treated on an ambulatory basis with 100 mg of amantadine for a period of 14 days. Amantadine can
be used as a viable and cost-effective alternative for treating people with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-Cov-2) on an ambulatory basis, while the vaccine is not available. |
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Modeling and Forecasting of COVID-19 New Cases in Top 10 Infected African
Countries |
Argawu, Alemayehu Siffir |
Research Square prepub |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
COVID 19 new cases data have been modeled and forecast using curve estimation regression and time series models for
these top 10 infected African countries ( (South Africa, Egypt, Morocco, Ethiopia, Nigeria, Algeria, Ghana, Kenya, Cameroon, and Côte d’Ivoire). |
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Atallah, B, Sadik, et al |
Anaesthesia |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We adopted a patient‐tailored thromboprophylaxis protocol based on clinical and laboratory presentations for these
patients in our institution. The aims of our study were to explore the incidence of thrombotic events in this population; to assess independent factors associated with thrombotic events and to evaluate the incidence of haemorrhagic events. A proactive approach
to the management of thromboembolism in critically ill COVID‐19 patients utilising a high‐intensity thromboprophylaxis regimen in appropriately selected patients may result in lower thrombotic events without increasing the risk of bleeding. |
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Attauabi, M, Poulsen, et al |
J Crohns Colitis |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
As no population-based study has investigated the susceptibility and disease course of COVID-19 among patients with
inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), we aimed to investigate this topic in a population-based setting. Two cohorts were investigated. First, a nationwide cohort of all IBD patients diagnosed with COVID-19 was prospectively followed to investigate the disease
courses of both diseases. Second, within a population-based cohort of 2.6 million Danish citizens, we identified all individuals tested for SARS-CoV-2 to determine the occurrence of COVID-19 among patients with and without IBD and other immune-mediated inflammatory
diseases (IMIDs). Between January 28, 2020 and June 2, 2020, a total of 76 IBD patients with COVID-19 were identified in the national cohort and prospectively followed for 35 days (interquartile range (IQR): 25-51). A large proportion (n=19;25%) required a
COVID-19-related hospitalization for seven days (IQR: 2-8.5) which was associated with being 65 years or older (odds ratio (OR)=23.80 (95% confidence interval (CI) 6.32-89.63), p<0.01) and presence of any non-IMID comorbidity (OR=8.12 (95% CI 2.55-25.87),
p<0.01), but not use of immunomodulators (p=0.52) or biologic therapies (p=0.14). In the population-based study, 8,476 of 231,601 (3.7%) residents tested positive for SARS-CoV-2; however, the occurrence was significantly lower among patients with IBD (62 of
the 2,486 patients=2.5%, p<0.01) and other IMIDs (531 of 16,492 patients=3.2%, p<0.01) as compared to patients without IMIDs. Patients with IMIDs, including IBD, had a significantly lower susceptibility to COVID-19 than patients without IMIDs and neither immunosuppressive
therapies nor IBD activity were associated with the disease course of COVID-19. |
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Timing, Complications, and Safety of Tracheotomy in Critically Ill Patients With
COVID-19 |
Avilés-Jurado, FX, Prieto-Alhambra, et al |
JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
This prospective cohort study assessed consecutive patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) who had COVID-19
that required tracheotomy. A total of 50 patients (mean SD] age, 63.8 9.2] years; 33 66%] male) participated in the study. All tracheotomies were performed at the bedside. The median time from intubation to tracheotomy was 9 days (interquartile range, 2-24
days). A subthyroid approach was completed for 46 patients (92%), and the tracheal protocol was adequately achieved for 40 patients (80%). Adequate PPE was used, with no infection among surgeons identified 4 weeks after the last tracheotomy. Postoperative
complications were rare, with minor bleeding (in 6 patients 12%]) being the most common complication. The successful weaning rate was higher in the early tracheotomy group than in the late tracheotomy group (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.55; 95% CI, 0.96-6.75),
but the difference was not statistically significant. There was less time of invasive mechanical ventilatory support with early tracheotomy compared with late tracheotomy (mean SD], 18 5.4] vs 22.3 5.7] days). The reduction of invasive ventilatory support
was achieved at the expense of the pretracheotomy period. In this cohort study, with the use of a standardized protocol aimed at minimizing COVID-19 risks, bedside open tracheotomy was a safe procedure for patients and surgeons, with minimal complications.
Timing of tracheotomy may be important in reducing time of invasive mechanical ventilation, with potential implications to intensive care unit availability during the COVID-19 pandemic. |
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Aweke, Z, Jemal, et al |
Curr Med Res Opin |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
The main objective of this study is to determine the knowledge level and its association with sources of information
towards COVID-19 and its prevention techniques in the Gedeo Zone of Southern Ethiopia. 1170 people participated in this study, and their knowledge scores ranged from 0 to 10 based on their responses to 10 knowledge questions regarding COVID-19 and its prevention
techniques. Sources of information had a significant association on the level of knowledge. Residents who had internet, television/radio, and health workers as their information sources had better knowledge regarding COVID-19 and its prevention. Based on this,
we recommend increasing internet access, television and radio service, and public health education by trained health workers for effective approaches to fight COVID-19. |
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An Empirical Study on Detecting COVID-19 in Chest X-ray Images Using Deep Learning Based
Methods |
Babaeipour, Ramtin, Azizi, et al |
arXiv |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection
d'agents pathogènes |
In this paper, we have studied the usage of x-ray pictures which are ubiquitous, for the classification of COVID-19
chest Xray images, by the existing convolutional neural networks (CNNs). We intend to train chest x-rays of infected and not infected ones with different CNNs architectures including VGG19, Densnet-121, and Xception. Training these architectures resulted in
different accuracies which were much faster and more precise than usual ways of testing. |
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Bajos, Nathalie |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique |
This cross-sectional study aimed to assess social inequalities in the trends in COVID-19 infections following lockdown
in France. In all, 1,304 (13.0%; 95% CI: 12.0%-14.0%) reported cases of possible COVID-19. The effect of lockdown on the occurrence of possible COVID-19 was different across social hierarchies. The most privileged class individuals saw a significant decline
in possible COVID-19 infections between the period prior to lockdown and during the lockdown (from 8.8% to 4.3%, P=0.0001) while the decline was less pronounced among working class individuals (6.9% before lockdown and 5.5% during lockdown, P=0.03). This differential
effect of lockdown remained significant after adjusting for other factors including history of chronic disease. The odds of being contaminated during lockdown as opposed to the prior period increased by 57% among working class individuals (OR=1.57; 95% CI:
1.0-2.48). The same was true for those engaged in in-person professional activities during lockdown (OR=1.53; 95% CI: 1.03-2.29). |
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Bansal, Kanika, Patil, et al |
bioRxiv |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Animal model | Modèle animal |
Systematic analysis of CUP of replicase (rdrp), spike, envelope (E), membrane glycoprotein (M), and nucleocapsid (N)
encoding genes of SARS-CoV-2 from reported diverse lineages to suggest one-time host jump of a SARS-CoV-2 isolate into the human host. In contrast to human isolates, a high degree of variation in CUP of these genes suggests that bats, pangolins, and dogs are
natural reservoirs of diverse strains. At the same time, our analysis suggests that dogs are not a source of SARS-CoV-2. Interestingly, CUP of rdrp displays conservation with two bat SARS isolates RaTG13 and RmYN02. CUP of the SARS-CoV-2 E gene is also conserved
with bat and pangolin isolates with variations for a few amino acids. |
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SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody structures inform therapeutic strategies |
Barnes, CO, Jette, et al |
Nature |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
The COVID-19 pandemic presents an urgent health crisis. Human neutralizing antibodies (hNAbs) that target the host
ACE2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike show therapeutic promise and are being evaluated clincally. To determine structural correlates of SARS-CoV-2 neutralization, we solved 8 new structures of distinct COVID-19 hNAbs in complex with SARS-CoV-2
spike trimer or RBD. Structural comparisons allowed classification into categories: (1) VH3-53 hNAbs with short CDRH3s that block ACE2 and bind only to "up" RBDs, (2) ACE2-blocking hNAbs that bind both "up" and "down" RBDs and can contact adjacent RBDs, (3)
hNAbs that bind outside the ACE2 site and recognize "up" and "down" RBDs, and (4) Previously-described antibodies that do not block ACE2 and bind only "up" RBDs(9). Class 2 comprised four hNAbs whose epitopes bridged RBDs, including a VH3-53 hNAb that used
a long CDRH3 with a hydrophobic tip to bridge between adjacent "down" RBDs, thereby locking the spike into a closed conformation. Epitope/paratope mapping revealed few interactions with host-derived N-glycans and minor contributions of antibody somatic hypermutations
to epitope contacts. Affinity measurements and mapping of naturally-occurring and in vitro-selected spike mutants in 3D provided insight into the potential for SARS-CoV-2 escape from antibodies elicited during infection or delivered therapeutically. These
classifications and structural analyses provide rules for assigning current and future human RBD-targeting antibodies into classes, evaluating avidity effects, suggesting combinations for clinical use, and providing insight into immune responses against SARS-CoV-2. |
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Self-isolation: A significant contributor to cannabis use during the COVID-19
pandemic |
Bartel, SJ, Sherry, et al |
Subst Abus |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
We investigated whether self-isolation due to COVID-19 and using cannabis to cope with depression were unique and/or
interactive predictors of cannabis use during the pandemic, after controlling for pre-pandemic levels of cannabis use. A sample of 70 emerging adults (mean age = 23.03; 34.3% male) who used both alcohol and cannabis pre-pandemic completed measures of cannabis
use (i.e., quantity x frequency) and a novel COVID-19 questionnaire between March 23 and June 15, 2020. Pre-pandemic cannabis use levels had been collected four months earlier. Linear regressions indicated self-isolation and coping with depression motives
for cannabis use during the pandemic were significant predictors of pandemic cannabis use levels after accounting for pre-pandemic use levels. There was no interaction between coping with depression motives and self-isolation on cannabis use during the pandemic.
Those who engaged in self-isolation were found to use 20% more cannabis during the pandemic than those who did not. |
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Batllés, Pilar Calvillo, Cerdá-Alberich, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical
data| Données cliniques |
We develop prognosis prediction models for COVID-19 patients attending an emergency department (ED) based on initial
chest X-ray (CXR), demographics, clinical and laboratory parameters. The developed and internally validated severity and mortality prediction models could be useful as triage tools for COVID-19 patients and they should be further validated at different ED. |
|
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REGN-COV2 antibodies prevent and treat SARS-CoV-2 infection in rhesus macaques and
hamsters |
Baum, A, Ajithdoss, et al |
Science |
Therapeutics| Thérapeutique Animal model | Modèle animal |
We previously described REGN-COV2, a cocktail of two potent neutralizing antibodies (REGN10987+REGN10933) targeting
non-overlapping epitopes on the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. In this report, we evaluate the in vivo efficacy of this antibody cocktail in both rhesus macaques, which may model mild disease, and golden hamsters, which may model more severe disease. We demonstrate
that REGN-COV-2 can greatly reduce virus load in lower and upper airways and decrease virus induced pathological sequelae when administered prophylactically or therapeutically in rhesus macaques. Similarly, administration in hamsters limits weight loss and
decreases lung titers and evidence of pneumonia in the lungs. |
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Bayoudh, Khaled, Hamdaoui, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection
d'agents pathogènes |
Describe a faster and more accurate deep learning system for screening COVID-19 case Chest X-Ray samples based on
the combination of a deep 2D convolutional neural network pre-trained on ImageNet (i.e. VGG16 [15]) with a shallow 3D convolutional neural network, a depth-wise separable convolution , and a spatial pyramid pooling module. |
|
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Dental care during COVID-19 pandemic: survey of experts' opinion |
Becker, K, Brunello, et al |
Clin Oral Implants Res |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
From a total of 32 European countries, one leading academic expert in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery or Oral Surgery
per country was asked to participate in an anonymous online 10-item survey on COVID-19 covering the topics of safety of dental settings, personal protective equipment (PPE), and patient-related measures to reduce transmission risk. A total of 27 experts from
different European countries completed the survey. The transmission risk of SARS-CoV-2 in dental settings for aerosol generating procedures was considered high by all experts except two. For aerosol-free and aerosol generating procedures, more than 80% of
the experts recommended face protection and caps for every single treatment. For aerosol-generating procedures, additional measures (FFP2/FFP3 masks and gowns) were suggested by the vast majority of the experts. To reduce transmission risk, all experts recommended
limiting aerosol-generating procedures and reducing the number of patients in waiting areas as well as hand hygiene for the patients. |
|
Bellini, R, Salandini, et al |
J Cardiothorac Surg |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Two patients presented to our hospital with spontaneous pneumothorax associated with Sars-Cov2 infection onset. After
initial conservative treatment with chest drain, both patients had a recurrence of pneumothorax during COVID-19 disease, contralateral (patient 1) or ipsilateral (patient 2) and therefore underwent lung surgery with thoracoscopy and bullectomy. Intraoperative
findings of COVID-19 pneumonia were parenchymal atelectasis and vascular congestion. Lung tissue was very frail and prone to bleeding. Histological examination showed interstitial infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells, as seen in non specific interstitial
pneumonia, together with myo-intimal thickening of vessels with blood extravasation and microthrombi. Although rarely, COVID-19 may present with spontaneous pneumothorax. Lung surgery for pneumothorax in COVID-19 patients can be safely and effectively performed
when necessary. |
|
|
Best, JH, Mohan, et al |
Adv Ther |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
US patients with COVID-19 and pulmonary involvement during an inpatient admission from December 1, 2019, to May 20,
2020, were identified using the IBM Explorys(®) electronic health records database. Baseline (up to 12 months prior to first COVID-19 hospitalization) demographics and clinical characteristics and preadmission (14 days to 1 day prior to admission) pulmonary
diagnoses were assessed. Overall, 3471 US patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and pulmonary involvement were included. The mean (SD) age was 63.5 (16.3) years; 51.2% of patients were female, 55.0% African American, 81.6% from the South, and 16.8% from the
Midwest. The most common comorbidities included hypertension (27.7%), diabetes (17.3%), hyperlipidemia (16.3%), and obesity (9.7%). Cough (27.3%) and dyspnea (15.2%) were the most common preadmission pulmonary symptoms. African American patients were younger
(mean SD], 62.5 15.4] vs. 67.8 6.2]) with higher mean (SD) body mass index (33.66 9.46] vs. 30.42 7.86]) and prevalence of diabetes (19.8% vs. 16.7%) and lower prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (5.6% vs. 8.2%) and smoking/tobacco use (28.1%
vs. 37.2%) than White patients. |
|
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Hydroxychloroquine in Rheumatological Disorders: The Potential
Buffer Against COVID-19 |
Bhandari, Sudhir, Rankawat, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
The present study showed that patients with rheumatological disorders might not be at increased risk of acquiring COVID-19
or a more severe disease. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has some protective role against COVID-19 in patients of rheumatological disorders and it also play an important role in reducing the disease severity. |
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A Novel Strategy for COVID-19 Classification from Chest X-ray Images Using Deep Stacked-Ensembles |
BharadwajB, Lalith, Boddeda, et al |
arXiv |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection
d'agents pathogènes |
In this research, a stacked-ensemble model is designed to classify whether a patient is infected with COVID-19, viral-pneumonia
or has a healthy profile by considering chest X-ray images. A lot of complications were observed from existing literature in classifying COVID-19 radiographic images and are eliminated using our methodology. A training algorithm is constructed to speed up
the training process which acquired good generalisations. The proposed model resulted in state-of-the-art outcomes with an accuracy score of 99.48% for binary classification and 97.4% for tri-class classification. |
|
Bhattacharya, M, Sharma, et al |
Infect Genet Evol |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Vaccine Research| Recherche sur les vaccins |
Here we identified the antigenicity and the epitopic divergence of the SARS-COV-2 S-protein via immunoinformatics approach.
The study was performed to identify the epitopes, composition of amino acids and its distribution in epitopic regions, composition of amino acid between the identified epitopes, secondary structure architecture of epitopes, physicochemical and biochemical
parameters and molecular interaction between the identified epitope and TLR4/MD-2 complex. The SARS-CoV-2 can be possibly recognised by TLR4 of host immune cells that are responsible for the adaptive immune response. We identified four SARS-CoV-2 S-protein
9mer antigenic epitopes and observed that they bind with the TLR4/MD-2 complex by varied stable molecular bonding interactions. Molecular interaction between these characterized epitopes with TLR4/MD-2 complex might be indicated the binding affinity and downstream
signalling of adaptive immune response. Different physicochemical and biochemical parameters such as O-glycosylation and N-glycosylation, Hydrophobicity, GRAVY were identified within epitopic regions of S-protein. These parameters help to understand the protein-protein
interaction between epitopes and TLR4/MD-2 complex. The study also revealed different epitopic binding pockets of TLR4/MD-2 complex. |
|
|
Bista, Navindra, Gyanwali, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
This study was designed to assess the current status of the Government of Nepal designated COVID hospitals and COVID
clinics, find the gaps and align the practices and resources for better preparedness and readiness to respond against COVID-19. Overall, COVID hospitals and COVID clinics in Nepal demonstrated different levels of COVID pandemic preparedness and readiness.
In case of surge, Nepalese hospitals would struggle due to lack of trained workforce and infrastructure. |
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Clinical and Epidemiological Analysis of COVID-19 Children Cases
in Colombia PEDIACOVID |
Bolanos-Almeida, Carlos |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
An epidemiological analysis of the nationwide COVID register is necessary to outline and describe the impact in Colombia.
The results of this study show that, at the nationwide level, patients in more severe states (deceased, severe, moderate), are significantly younger than those in the milder state (asymptomatic, mild). |
|
Bonnet, Nicolas, Martin, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Compare the risk of intubation between two strategies of oxygenation (conventional oxygenation and HFNO) in critically
ill COVID 19 patients. High flow nasal canula oxygen for Acute respiratory failure due to COVID-19 reduces the need for intubation. |
|
|
Boppana, Sushma, Qin, et al |
medRxiv |
Immunology | Immunologie |
We longitudinally studied CD4 T-cell responses to the M, N, and S structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2 in 21 convalescent
individuals. Within the first two months following symptom onset, a majority of individuals (81%) mount at least one CD4 T-cell response, and 48% of individuals mount detectable SARS-CoV-2-specific peripheral T follicular helper cells. SARS-CoV-2-specific
pTfh responses across all three protein specificities correlate with antibody neutralization with the strongest correlation observed for S protein-specific responses. When examined over time, pTfh responses increase in frequency and magnitude in convalescence,
and robust responses with magnitudes greater than 5% were detected only at the second convalescent visit, an average of 38 days post-symptom onset |
|
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Lockdown impact on age-specific contact patterns
and behaviours in France |
Bosetti, Paolo, Huynh, et al |
medRxiv |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
We set up an online survey to measure how the lockdown affected social contact patterns in France, and collected information
from 42,036 participants aged 18 years and over between April 10 and April 28, 2020. Among the participants who normally worked outside home prior to the lockdown (72% of the survey population), 68% reported that they had moved to working from home and 17%
reported being unemployed during the lockdown. Only 2% of participants used public transport during lockdown, as opposed to 37% before it. Participants reported increased frequency of washing hands, switch in greeting behaviour, but generally limited use of
masks outside home. 138,934 contacts were reported, with an average 3.3 contacts per individual per day (1.7 for individuals aged >65 years old compared to 3.6 for younger age-groups). This represented a 70% reduction compared with previous surveys, consistent
with reductions in transmission rates measured during the lockdown. Contacts in workplaces, shops, and transports on the previous day were respectively reported in only 11%, 31% and 0.5% of the participants. For those who maintained a professional activity
outside home, the frequency of contacts at work dropped by 79%. |
|
Botti, C, Lusetti, et al |
Ear Nose Throat J |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
This retrospective, observational cohort study included adults (≥18 years) with severe COVID-19 pneumonia who were
admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of the tertiary care center of Reggio Emilia (Italy). All patients underwent orotracheal intubation with invasive mechanical ventilation, followed by percutaneous or open surgical tracheotomy. Forty-four patients were
included in the analysis. Median time from orotracheal intubation to surgery was 7 (range 2-17) days. Fifteen (34.1%) patients died during the follow-up period (median 22 days, range 8-68) after the intubation. Weaning from the ventilator was first attempted
on median 25th day (range 13-43) from orotracheal intubation. A median of 35 (range 18-79) days was required to complete weaning. Median duration of ICU stay was 22 (range 10-67) days. Mean decannulation time was 36 (range 10-77) days from surgery. Since it
is not possible to establish an optimal timing for performing tracheotomy, decision-making should be made on case-by-case basis. It should be adapted to the context of the pandemic, taking into account the availability of intensive care resources, potential
risks for health care workers, and benefits for the individual patient. |
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Prevalence of COVID-19 in Ohio Nursing Homes: What's Quality Got to Do with
It? |
Bowblis, J, Applebaum, et al |
J Aging Soc Policy |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
With nursing homes being hit hard by the COVID-19 pandemic, it is important to know whether facilities that have any
cases, or those with particularly high caseloads, are different from nursing homes that do not have any reported cases. Our analysis found that through mid-June, just under one-third of nursing homes in Ohio had at least one resident with COVID-19, with over
82% of all cases in the state coming from 37% of nursing homes. Overall findings on the association between facility quality and the prevalence of COVID-19 showed that having any resident case of the virus or even having a high caseload of residents with the
virus is not more likely in nursing homes with lower quality ratings. |
|
Brandl, M, Selb, et al |
Epidemiol Infect |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Transmission |
In early March, 2020, a COVID-19-outbreak occurred in the district of Tirschenreuth, Germany. The outbreak was characterized
by a rapid increase in case numbers and a comparatively high crude case fatality ratio (CFR; 11%). Until beginning of May 2020, 1122 cases were reported in the district. We found that returning ski-travellers from Austria and Italy and early undetected community
transmission likely initiated the outbreak which was then accelerated by Bavarian beer festivities. Testing of mainly acute cases in the district of Tirschenreuth resulted in a higher rate of positive tests compared to the whole of Germany. Despite adjustment
for age, the CFR |
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|
Brandsma, E, Verhagen, et al |
J Infect Dis |
Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes |
Recent advances in CRISPR-based diagnostics suggest that DETECTR, a combination of isothermal reverse transcriptase
loop mediated amplification (RT-LAMP) and subsequent Cas12 bystander nuclease activation by amplicon targeting ribonucleoprotein complexes, could be a faster and cheaper alternative to qRT-PCR without sacrificing sensitivity/specificity. Here we compare DETECTR
with qRT-PCR to diagnose COVID-19 on 378 patient samples. Patient sample dilution assays suggest a higher analytical sensitivity of DETECTR compared to qRT-PCR, however, this was not confirmed in this large patient cohort, were we report 95% reproducibility
between the two tests. These data showed that both techniques are equally sensitive in detecting SARS-CoV-2 providing additional value of DETECTR to the currently used qRT-PCR platforms. For DETECTR, different gRNAs can be used simultaneously to obviate negative
results due to mutations in N-gene. Lateral flow strips, suitable as a point of care test (POCT), showed a 100% correlation to the high-throughput DETECTR assay. Importantly, DETECTR was 100% specific for SARS-CoV-2 relative to other human coronaviruses. As
there is no need for specialized equipment, DETECTR could be rapidly implemented as a complementary technically independent approach to qRT-PCR thereby increasing the testing capacity of medical microbiological laboratories and relieving the existent PCR-platforms
for routine non-SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic testing. |
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Prevalence and Longevity of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies
in Healthcare Workers: A Single Center Study |
Brant-Zawadzki, Michael, Fridman, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques Immunology | Immunologie |
The present study reported on cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence and longevity of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies
in HCWs at a regional hospital system in Orange County, California, between May and August, 2020. Data from HCWs (n=3,458) were included in the analysis. Data from first responders (n=226) were also analyzed for comparison. Observed antibody prevalence was
0.93% and 2.58% at initial and 8-week follow-up, respectively, for HCWs, and 5.31% and 4.35% for first responders. For HCWs, significant differences (p < .05) between negative vs. positive at initial assessment were found for age, race, fever, and loss of
smell, and at 8-week follow-up for age, race, and all symptoms. Antibody positivity persisted at least 8 weeks in this cohort. Among 75 HCWs with self-reported prior PCR-confirmed COVID-19, 35 (46.7%) were antibody negative. Significant differences between
negative vs. positive were observed in age and frequency of symptoms. This study found considerably lower SARS-CoV-2 antibody prevalence among HCWs compared with prior published studies. |
|
Brendish, NJ, Poole, et al |
Lancet Respir Med |
Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes |
We did a prospective, interventional, non-randomised, controlled study of molecular point-of-care testing in patients
aged 18 years or older presenting with suspected COVID-19 to the emergency department or other acute areas of Southampton General Hospital during the first wave of the pandemic in the UK. Between March 20 and April 29, 2020, 517 patients were assessed for
eligibility, of whom 499 were recruited to the point-of-care testing group and tested by the QIAstat-Dx Respiratory SARS-CoV-2 Panel. 555 contemporaneously identified patients were included in the control group and tested by laboratory PCR. The two groups
were similar with regard to the distribution of sex, age, and ethnicity. 197 (39%) patients in the point-of-care testing group and 155 (28%) in the control group tested positive for COVID-19 (difference 11·5% 95% CI 5·8-17·2], p=0·0001). Median time to results
was 1·7 h (IQR 1·6-1·9) in the point-of-care testing group and 21·3 h (16·0-27·9) in the control group (difference 19·6 h 19·0-20·3], p<0·0001). Point-of-care testing is associated with large reductions in time to results and could lead to improvements in
infection control measures and patient flow compared with centralised laboratory PCR testing. |
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|
Britton, Tom, Trapman, et al |
arXiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health
interventions*| Interventions de santé publique |
By means of a mathematical model including heterogeneities owing to age, social activity and susceptibility, and allowing
for time-varying preventive measures, the risk for a new epidemic wave and its doubling time, and how they depend on R0, i^ and the overall effect of the current preventive measures, are investigated. Focus lies on quantifying the minimal overall effect of
preventive measures pMin needed to prevent a future outbreak. The first result shows that the current immunity level i^ plays a more influential roll than when immunity is obtained from vaccination. Secondly, by comparing regions with different R0 and i^ it
is shown that regions with lower R0 and low i^ may now need higher preventive measures (pMin) compared with other regions. |
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Successful mobile extracorporeal membrane oxygenator for COVID-19 severe respiratory failure |
Brozzi, N, Hernandez-Montfort, et al |
J Card Surg |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
High volume extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) centers have developed mobile ECMO programs in recent years
to facilitate the implementation of ECMO support at hospitals with lower capabilities, and transfer these patients for further care. We report a case of mobile ECMO on a patient with coronavirus disease 2019-related acute respiratory distress syndrome, and
discuss the potential application in the current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic. |
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Estimated Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies
Among Adults in Orange County, California |
Bruckner, Tim-Allen, Parker, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Immunology | Immunologie |
We set out to provide a minimally biased estimate of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among adults for a large and diverse
county (Orange County, CA, population 3.2 million). Methods: We implemented a surveillance study that minimizes response bias by recruiting adults to answer a survey without knowledge of later being offered SARS-CoV-2 test. Participants (n=2,979) visited
one of 11 drive-thru test sites from July 10th to August 16th, 2020 (or received an in-home visit) to provide a finger pin-prick sample. Findings: Adjusted seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection was 11.5%. Formal bias analyses produced similar results. Prevalence
was elevated among Hispanics (vs. other non-Hispanic) and household income <$50,000 (vs. >$100,000). |
|
Buonsenso, Danilo, De Rose, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Transmission |
This study aims to provide preliminary information about the number of SARS-CoV-2 cases among students attending Italian
schools. As of 5 October 2020, a total of 1350 cases of SARS-CoV-2 infections have been registered in the Italian territory schools (involving 1059 students, 145 teachers and 146 other school members), for a total of 1212 out of 65104 (1.8%) Italian schools
involved. National schools reported only 1 case of SARS-CoV-2 infection in more than 90% of cases, and only in one high school a cluster of more than 10 cases have been described (P 0.015). The detection of one or more SARS-CoV-2 infections leaded to the closure
of 192 (14.2%) entire schools, more frequently nursery/kindergartens (P <0.0005). Our preliminary data support low transmission of SARS-CoV-2 within schools, at least among younger students. |
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Social Distancing Practices of Residents in a Philippine Region
with Low Risk of COVID-19 Infection |
Cahapay, Michael |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
The overall objective of this paper is to describe the social distancing practices (SDPs) of residents in a Philippine
region with a low risk of COVID-19 infection. The result showed that the residents generally follow a combination of different SDPs. They practice the recommended distance; express verbal cues to remind others; convey implied signals to motion others; select
time to perform errands; choose places to perform errands; exercise metacognitive skills; greet without physical contact; prefer virtual activities; avoid touching objects; use objects of third party; utilize protective items; and stay out of the external
environment. |
|
Campello de Souza, Bruno, Campello de Souza, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique |
The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between social isolation, defined as the percentage of
individuals who stayed within 450 meters from their usual location or dwelling on a given day, and future COVID-19 deaths in Brazil. More isolation was associated with a higher peak number of deaths, a sooner arrival of that peak and a higher number of accumulated
deaths. There appears to be strong empirical evidence that, in Brazil, the adoption of restrictive measures increasing social isolation have worsened the pandemic in that country instead of mitigating it, likely as a higher-order effect emerging from a combination
of factors. |
|
|
Candon, S, Guerrot, et al |
Am J Transplant |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Immunology | Immunologie |
We report the first assessment of antibody and T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 in 11 kidney transplanted patients recovered
from RT-PCR-confirmed (n=5) or initially suspected (n=6) COVID-19. After reduction of immunosuppressive therapy, RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 transplant patients were able to mount vigorous antiviral T cell and antibody responses, as efficiently as two non-therapeutically
immunosuppressed COVID-19 patients on hemodialysis. By contrast, six RT-PCR-negative patients displayed no antibody response. Among them, three showed very low numbers of SARS-CoV-2-reactive T cells whereas no T cell response was detected in the other three,
potentially ruling out COVID-19 diagnosis. Low levels of T cell reactivity to SARS-CoV-2 were also detected in seronegative healthy controls without known exposure to the virus. These results suggest that during COVID-19, monitoring both T cell and serological
immunity might be helpful for the differential diagnosis of COVID-19 but are also needed to evaluate a potential role of antiviral T cells in the development of severe forms of the disease. |
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Quantitative Chest CT analysis in discriminating COVID-19 from non-COVID-19 patients |
Caruso, D, Polici, et al |
Radiol Med |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection
d'agents pathogènes |
The aim is to evaluate if Quantitative Chest CT could provide reliable information in discriminating COVID-19 from
non-COVID-19 patients. From March 31, 2020 until April 18, 2020, patients with Chest CT suggestive for interstitial pneumonia were retrospectively enrolled and divided into two groups based on positive/negative COVID-19 RT-PCR results. Patients with pulmonary
resection and/or CT motion artifacts were excluded. Quantitative Chest CT analysis was performed with a dedicated software that provides total lung volume, healthy parenchyma, GGOs, consolidations and fibrotic alterations, expressed both in liters and percentage.
Two radiologists in consensus revised software analysis and adjusted areas of lung impairment in case of non-adequate segmentation. Data obtained were compared between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients and p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Performance of statistically significant parameters was tested by ROC curve analysis. Final population enrolled included 190 patients: 136 COVID-19 patients (87 male, 49 female, mean age 66 ± 16) and 54 non-COVID-19 patients (25 male, 29 female, mean age 63 ± 15).
Lung quantification in liters showed significant differences between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients for GGOs (0.55 ± 0.26L vs 0.43 ± 0.23L, p = 0.0005) and fibrotic alterations (0.05 ± 0.03 L vs 0.04 ± 0.03 L, p < 0.0001). ROC analysis of GGOs and fibrotic
alterations showed an area under the curve of 0.661 (cutoff 0.39 L, 68% sensitivity and 59% specificity, p < 0.001) and 0.698 (cutoff 0.02 L, 86% sensitivity and 44% specificity, p < 0.001), respectively. Quantification of GGOs and fibrotic alterations on
Chest CT could be able to identify patients with COVID-19. |
|
Caruso, S, Rapisarda, et al |
Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
The aims of the study were to investigate the effects of social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic on the use
of hormonal contraceptives, their discontinuation and the risk of unplanned pregnancy. The study enrolled 317 women listed in the database of the Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Italy, family planning
clinic who were known to be using hormonal contraceptives. The questionnaire was completed by 175 (81.8%) women who were using short-acting reversible contraception (SARC) and by 90 (87.4%) women who were using long-acting reversible contraception (LARC).
All married and cohabiting women were continuing to use their contraceptive method. None had had an unplanned pregnancy. On the other hand, 51 (50.5%) non-cohabiting or single women had discontinued their SARC method while social distancing, for non-method-related
reasons; however, 47 (46.5%) non-cohabiting or single women had continued their sexual activity, infringing social distancing rules, and 14.9% had had an unplanned pregnancy, for which they had sought a termination. |
|
|
Sequences in the cytoplasmic tail of SARS-CoV-2 spike
facilitate syncytia formation |
Cattin-Ortola, Jerome, Welch, et al |
bioRxiv |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
To elucidate the intracellular trafficking of S protein in host cells we applied proteomics to identify cellular factors
that interact with its cytoplasmic tail. We confirm interactions with components of the COPI, COPII and SNX27/retromer vesicle coats, and with FERM domain actin regulators and the WIPI3 autophagy component. The interaction with COPII promotes efficient exit
from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and although COPI-binding should retain S in the early Golgi system where viral budding occurs, the binding is weakened by a suboptimal histidine residue in the recognition motif. |
|
Chakraborty, K, Bhatia, et al |
Appl Soft Comput |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
The mental and physical health of the global population is found to be directly proportional to the COVID-19 pandemic.
The research demonstrates that though people have tweeted mostly positive regarding COVID-19, yet netizens were busy engrossed in re-tweeting the negative tweets and that no useful words could be found in WordCloud or computations using word frequency in tweets. |
|
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PMC7543928; Deep Venous Thrombosis in Hospitalized Patients with Coronavirus Disease
2019 |
Chang, H, Rockman, et al |
J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We assessed our experience with deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in patients with COVID-19. We performed a retrospective
analysis of all patients with COVID-19 undergoing upper or lower extremity venous duplex ultrasonography at an academic health system in New York City between March 3 2020 and April 12 2020 with follow-up through May 12 2020. A cohort of hospitalized patients
without COVID-19 (non-COVID-19) undergoing venous duplex ultrasonography from December 1 2019 to December 31 2019 was used for comparison. Of 443 patients (188 COVID-19 and 255 non-COVID-19) undergoing venous duplex ultrasonography, patients with COVID-19
had higher incidence of DVT (31% vs. 19%; P=0.005), compared to the non-COVID-19 cohort. The incidence of PE was not statistically different between the COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 cohorts (8% vs. 4%; P=.105). The DVTs in the COVID-19 group were more distal
(63% vs. 29%; P<.001) and bilateral (15% vs. 4%; P<.001). The result of duplex ultrasonography had a significant impact on the antithrombotic plan; 42 (72%) patients with COVID-19 in the DVT group had their therapies escalated while 49 (38%) and 3 (2%) patients
had their therapies escalated and de-escalated in the non-DVT group, respectively (P<.001). Within the COVID-19 cohort, the D-dimer was significantly higher in the DVT group at the time of admission (2,746 ng/mL vs 1,481 ng/mL; P=.004) and at the time of the
duplex exam (6,068 ng/mL vs. 3,049 ng/mL; P<0.01). At multivariable analysis, male sex (odd ratio (OR) 2.27; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.06-4.87; P=.035), ICU admission (OR 3.42; 95% CI, 1.02-11.44; P=.046) and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (OR 5.5;
95% CI, 1.01-30.13; P=.049) were independently associated with DVT. We support the decision to empirically initiate therapeutic anticoagulation in patients with low bleeding risk and severe COVID-19 infection, with duplex ultrasonography reserved for patients
with high clinical suspicion of VTE in which anticoagulation may pose a life-threatening consequence. |
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The effect of concomitant COVID-19 infection on outcomes in patients hospitalized with
heart failure |
Chatrath, N, Kaza, et al |
ESC Heart Fail |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
This study aimed to quantify the impact of COVID-19 infection on mortality in hospitalized patients known to have heart
failure (HF). We undertook a retrospective analysis of all patients admitted with a pre-existing diagnosis of HF between 1 March and 6 May 2020 to our unit. We assessed the impact of concomitant COVID-19 infection on in-hospital mortality, incidence of acute
kidney injury, and myocardial injury. One hundred and thirty-four HF patients were hospitalized, 40 (29.9%) with concomitant COVID-19 infection. Those with COVID-19 infection had a significantly increased in-hospital mortality {50.0% vs. 10.6%; relative risk
RR] 4.70 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.42-9.12], P < 0.001} and were more likely to develop acute kidney injury 45% vs. 24.5%; RR 1.84 (95% CI 1.12-3.01), P = 0.02], have evidence of myocardial injury 57.5% vs. 31.9%; RR 1.81 (95% CI 1.21-2.68), P < 0.01],
and be treated for a superadded bacterial infection 55% vs. 32.5%; RR 1.67 (95% CI 1.12-2.49), P = 0.01]. |
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Using 3D-printed nose models in nasopharyngeal swab training |
Chee, J, Lin, et al |
Oral Oncol |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
We aimed to design and investigate the utility of an anatomically accurate three-dimensional (3D) printed model of
the nose in the training for nasopharyngeal swabs. These models were implemented during training sessions for healthcare workers. All participants surveyed felt that the 3D printed models were useful and beneficial in the training of nasopharyngeal swab techniques.
Their usage may help to facilitate the training of potential swabbing manpower in the upscaling of testing capabilities and volumes in this COVID-19 era. |
|
Chen, S, Cheng, et al |
Global Health |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
This study collected data during the national lockdown period in China and aims to understand whether there is a clinically
significant difference in anxiety, depression, and parental rearing style when comparing adolescents from Wuhan and other cities in China. This study also intends to examine whether gender, grade in school, single child status, online learning participation,
parents' involvement in COVID-19 related work, and parents being quarantined or infected due to the disease would lead to clinically significant differences in anxiety and depression. Beyond that, this study explored the pathways among the different variables
in order to better understand how these factors play a part in impacting adolescents' mental health condition. Results showed that there was a statistically significant difference in anxiety symptoms between participants who were from Wuhan compared to other
urban areas, but not in depressive symptoms. In addition, participants' grade level, gender, relative being infected, and study online have direct positive predictive value for depressive and anxiety symptoms, whereas location and sibling status have indirect
predictive value. Having relatives who participated in COVID-19 related work only had positive direct predictive value toward depression, but not anxiety. |
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|
Chen, TF, Chang, et al |
Nucleic Acids Res |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
In order to speed up the discovery of potential drugs, we develop DockCoV2, a drug database for SARS-CoV-2. DockCoV2
focuses on predicting the binding affinity of FDA-approved and Taiwan National Health Insurance (NHI) drugs with seven of the proteins encoded by SARs-CoV-2. This database contains a total of 3,109 drugs. DockCoV2 is easy to use and search against, is well
cross-linked to external databases, and provides the state-of-the-art prediction results in one site. Users can download their drug-protein docking data of interest and examine additional drug-related information on DockCoV2. Furthermore, DockCoV2 provides
experimental information to help users understand which drugs have already been reported to be effective against MERS or SARS-CoV. DockCoV2 is available at https://covirus.cc/drugs/. |
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|
Cheng, Daryl, Calderwood, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We describe the epidemiology, clinical course, experience of non-invasive ventilation and intensive care, mortality
and short-term sequalae of patients admitted to two large District General Hospitals across a large East London NHS Trust during the first wave of the pandemic. Increasing age, male sex and Asian ethnicity were associated with worse outcomes. Increasing severity
of chest X-ray abnormalities trended with mortality. Radiological changes persisted in over 50% of cases at early follow up (6 weeks). Ongoing symptoms including hair loss, memory impairment, breathlessness, cough and fatigue were reported in 67% of survivors,
with 42% of patients unable to return to work due to ongoing symptoms. |
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|
Chiodini, P, Arenare, et al |
Contemp Clin Trials Commun |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
The TOCIVID-19 trial evaluates efficacy and tolerability of tocilizumab in the treatment of patients with severe or
critical COVID-19 pneumonia. All the patients are being offered a single shot of 8 mg/kg of Tocilizumab (up to a maximum of 800 mg), with an eventual second administration at the discretion of the Investigator. A companion prospective cohort, added to corroborate
internal validity, includes either patients not eligible for phase 2 or subjects eligible for phase 2 but exceeding the planned sample size. 14- and 30-days lethality rates are the two co-primary endpoints in the intention-to-treat (ITT) population. Secondary
objectives are to evaluate mortality and clinical improvement in the modified-ITT population of subjects who received the drug. Details of the methodological and statistical approaches are reported here reflecting the amendments impelled by the continuously
increasing knowledge on COVID-19 progression and challenges in data collection. |
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|
chiu, Weihsueh, Ndeffo-Mbah, et al |
medRxiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
A single parameter semi-empirical model was developed, calibrated, and validated with prevalence predictions from two
independent data-driven mathematical epidemiological models, each of which was separately validated using available cumulative infection estimates from recent state-wide serological testing in 6 states. The analysis shows that individually, reported case rates
and test positivity rates may provide substantially biased estimates of COVID-19 prevalence and transmission trends in the U.S. However, the COVID-19 prevalence for U.S. states from March-July, 2020 is well approximated, with a 7-day lag, by the geometric
mean of reported case and test positivity rates averaged over the previous 14 days. Predictions of this semi-empirical model are at least 10-fold more accurate than either test positivity or reported case rates alone, with accuracy that remains relatively
constant across different US states and varying testing rates. |
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|
Choo, SY |
Ther Apher Dial |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
A case report of red cell exchange transfusion by apheresis is shown to be an effective treatment of dangerously rising
methemoglobinemia that was refractory to other conventional treatments in a patient with severe COVID-19. |
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|
Nebulization Therapy for COVID-19 Pneumonia with Embryonic Mesenchymal
Stem Cells-Derived Exosomes |
Chu, Meiping, Wang, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
Our clinical study, involving a small sample size of six patients demonstrated that nebulization mesenchymal stem cell
(MSCs)-derived exosomes is a novel method that could be utilized in the treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia. It could effectively reduce the levels of C-reactive protein in plasma, promote the absorption of pulmonary lesions, and reduce the time of hospitalization
for COVID-19 pneumonia patients. Nebulization of MSC-derived exosomes is a safe, effective, and simple method. |
|
Chu, VictoriaT, Yousaf, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Transmission |
We conducted a retrospective cohort study among household contacts of primary cases defined as children and adolescents
aged 7-19 years with laboratory evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection acquired during an overnight camp outbreak. Among household contacts, we defined secondary cases using the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists definition. Among 526 household contacts
of 224 primary cases, 48 secondary cases were identified, corresponding to a secondary attack rate of 9%. Our findings show that children and adolescents can transmit SARS-CoV-2 to adult contacts and other children in a household setting. |
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|
Chuh, A |
Int J Dermatol |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
An association between wearing protective gear and eosinophilic folliculitis has not been reported. We aimed to investigate
such during the COVID-19 pandemic. In three outpatient clinics, we hand-reviewed records of all patients having consulted us during a Study Period (90 days) in the early phase of the pandemic. Our inclusion criteria for Study Subjects were: (i) clear clinical
diagnosis, (ii) dermoscopic confirmation, (iii) differential diagnoses excluded, (iv) eosinophilia, (v) protective gear worn during sanitation services, (vi) temporal correlation, (vii) distributional correlation, (viii) physician-assessed association, and
(ix) patient-assessed association. Control Periods in the same season were elected. Twenty-five study subjects fulfilled all inclusion criteria. The incidence was significantly higher than in the control periods (IR: 3.57, 95% CI: 1.79-7.43). Male predominance
was significant (P < 0.001). Such for patients in the control periods were insignificant. Study subjects were 21.2 (95% CI: 11.0-31.4) years younger than patients in the control periods. For the study subjects, the distribution of erythematous or skin-colored
folliculocentric dome-shaped papules and pustules were all compatible with body parts covered by the gear. Lesional biopsy performed on two patients revealed eosinophilic dermal infiltrates within and around the pilosebaceous units. Polarized dermoscopy revealed
folliculitis with peri-/interfollicular vascular proliferation. Lesion onsets were 6.4 (SD: 2.1) days after wearing gear. Remissions were 16.7 (SD: 7.5) days after ceasing to wear gear and treatments. Wearing protective gear in volunteered sanitizing works
could be associated with eosinophilic folliculitis. Owing to the significant temporal and distributional correlations, the association might be causal. |
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Long-term COVID-19 symptoms in a large unselected
population |
Cirulli, Elizabeth, Schiabor Barrett, et al |
medRxiv |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Here, we report the analysis of 32 self-reported short and long-term symptoms in a general adult population cohort
comprised of 233 COVID-19+ cases, 3,652 SARS-CoV-2-negative controls, and 17,474 non-tested individuals. The majority of our COVID-19+ cases are mild, with only 8 of the 233 COVID-19+ cases having been hospitalized. Our results show that 43.4% of COVID-19+
cases have symptoms lasting longer than 30 days, and 24.1% still have at least one symptom after 90 days. These numbers are higher for COVID-19+ cases who were initially more ill, 59.4% at 30 days and 40.6% at 90 days, but even for very mild and initially
asymptomatic cases, 14.3% have complications persist for 30 days or longer. In contrast, only 8.6% of participants from the general untested population develop new symptoms lasting longer than 30 days due to any illness during the same study period. The long-term
symptoms most enriched in those with COVID-19 are anosmia, ageusia, difficulty concentrating, dyspnea, memory loss, confusion, headache, heart palpitations, chest pain, pain with deep breaths, dizziness, and tachycardia. We additionally observe that individuals
who had an initial symptom of dyspnea are significantly more likely to develop long-term symptoms. |
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Influence of Wind Speed on COVID-19 Transmission in Polluted Cities |
Coccia, Mario |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Transmission |
This study endeavors to explain the relation between wind speed and the diffusion of COVID-19 in polluted cities to
explain viral airborne transmission. Results reveal that in Italy, polluted cities with low wind speed have higher numbers of COVID-19 related infected individuals. This finding seems to suggest that high concentrations of particulate matter in the air, in
the presence of little wind can promote a longer permanence of the viral particles in polluted air, thus favoring COVID-19 airborne transmission in environments. |
|
Cohen, A, Selles, et al |
Clin Orthop Relat Res |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
Is there a difference in quality of life between patients in the COVID-19 period group (March 23, 2020 to May 4, 2020)
and patients in a reference period group (from the same period in 2018 or 2019)? Is there a difference in pain, hand function, anxiety, depression, and illness perception between patients in the COVID-19 period group and patients in the reference period group?
The first sample consisted of all participants who completed patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) on quality of life, pain, and hand function at their final follow-up time point, which was either 3, 6, or 12 months post-treatment. The second sample consisted
of participants who completed PROMs 3 months post-treatment on anxiety, depression, and illness perception. Each sample consisted of two groups: a COVID-19 period group and a reference period group. We included 1613 participants in the first sample (COVID-19
period group: n = 616; reference period group: n = 997) and 535 participants in the second sample (COVID-19 period group: n = 313; reference period group: n = 222). The primary outcome was quality of life, expressed in the EuroQol 5-Dimensions questionnaire
(EQ-5D) index score. Secondary outcomes were the other domains on the EQ-5D, as well as pain, hand function, anxiety, depression, and illness perception. We found no between-group differences in the EQ-5D index score (standardized mean difference 0.035; p
= 0.98). Furthermore, there were no between-group differences in PROM scores for hand function, anxiety, or depression. There were, however, a few small differences in subdomain items regarding pain and illness perception, but we believe in aggregate that
these are unlikely to make a clinically important difference in our main finding. |
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|
Development of wastewater pooled surveillance of
SARS-CoV-2 from congregate living settings |
Colosi, LisaM, Barry, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Surveillance |
Wastewater-based monitoring for SARS-CoV-2 holds promise as tool to inform public health-decision making. Testing at
individual building-level could be an efficient, passive means of preventing early detection of new cases in congregate living settings, but this approach has not been validated. Sample collection protocols were developed and refined during preliminary sampling
from a hospital and a local municipal wastewater treatment plant. Molecular diagnostic methods were compared side-by-side to assess feasibility, performance and sensitivity. Optimized sample collection and processing protocols were then used to monitor two
occupied dormitory complexes (n=105 and 66) over eight weeks. Wastewater results were validated using known case counts from external clinical testing of building occupants. Results confirm that ultracentrifugation from a 24 hour composite collection had a
sensitivity of 95% and a specificity of 100%. However, if the detection of convalescent shedding is considered a false positive then the sensitivity would be 95.2% but the specificity would drop to 52%. |
|
Coma, E, Mora, et al |
BMC Fam Pract |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
To analyse the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic and the lockdown measures on the follow-up and control of chronic diseases
in primary care. Retrospective study in 288 primary care practices (PCP) of the Catalan Institute of Health. We analysed the results of 34 indicators of the Healthcare quality standard (EQA), comprising different types: treatment (4), follow-up (5), control
(10), screening (7), vaccinations (4) and quaternary prevention (4). For each PCP, we calculated each indicator's percentage of change in February, March and April 2020 respective to the results of the previous month; and used the T-Student test for paired
data to compare them with the percentage of change in the same month of the previous year. We defined indicators with a negative effect those with a greater negative change or a lesser positive change in 2020 in comparison to 2019; and indicators with a positive
effect those with a greater positive change or a lesser negative change. We observed a negative effect on 85% of the EQA indicators in March and 68% in April. 90% of the control indicators had a negative effect, highlighting the control of LDL cholesterol
with a reduction of - 2.69% (95%CI - 3.17% to - 2.23%) in March and - 3.41% (95%CI - 3.82% to - 3.01%) in April; and the control of blood pressure with a reduction of - 2.13% (95%CI - 2.34% to - 1.9%) and - 2.59% (95%CI - 2.8% to - 2.37%). The indicators with
the greatest negative effect were those of screening, such as the indicator of diabetic foot screening with a negative effect of - 2.86% (95%CI - 3.33% to - 2.39%) and - 4.13% (95%CI - 4.55% to - 3.71%) in March and April, respectively. Only one vaccination
indicator, adult Measles-Mumps-Rubella vaccine, had a negative effect in both months. Finally, among the indicators of quaternary prevention, we observed negative effects in March and April although in that case a lower inadequacy that means better clinical
outcome. |
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COVID-19 pandemic and mental distress in Multiple Sclerosis: implications for clinical management |
Costabile, T, Carotenuto, et al |
Eur J Neurol |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
We explored the relationship between mental distress, disability and coping strategies in the Italian MS population
under lockdown. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was applied to information collected via web-survey to identify modifiable factors that could account for mental distress. 845 subjects (497 MS and 348 controls) were included in the study. MS patients showed
higher scores than controls for depression (p=0.005), but not for anxiety, emotional dyscontrol or sleep disturbances. The SEM explained 74% of the variance observed in depression score. Within the model, three latent factors were characterized from measured
variables: motor disability and cognitive dysfunction contributed to disability (β=0.509 and β=0.836, p<0.001); positive attitude and exercise contributed to active attitude (β=0.386 and β=0.297, p<0.001); avoidance, social support and watching TV contributed
to passive attitude (β=0.301, β=0.243 and β=0.212, p<0.001). As per the relationship between latent factors and their influence on depression, disability contributed to passive attitude (β=0.855, p<0.001) while both passive and active attitude significantly
influenced depression (β=0.729 and β=-0.456, p<0.001). To conclude, favoring exercise would enhance active attitude and its positive impact on mental well-being while, at the same time, reducing the negative impact of disability on depression, representing
a valuable tool to face COVID-19 related mental distress. |
|
PMC7544564; Diagnostic performance of commercially available COVID-19 serology
tests in Brazil |
Cota, G, Freire, et al |
Int J Infect Dis |
Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes |
Timely and accurate laboratory testing is essential to manage the global COVID-19 pandemic. To access the performance
of twelve serological tests for COVID-19 diagnosis, authors conducted a blind evaluation of six lateral flow immune assays (LFIAs) and six enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) commercially available in Brazil to detect anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The
sensitivity ranged from 59.5% to 83.1% for LFIAs and from 50.7% to 92.6% for ELISAs and increased with clinical severity and days of symptoms. The agreement between LFIA performed in digital blood and serum was moderate. Specificity was, in general, higher
for LFIAs than for ELISAs. Absence of discriminatory power between IgM/IgA and IgG has also been demonstrated, which prevents the use of acute phase antibodies for decisions on social isolation. |
|
Cotten, Matthew, Bugembe, et al |
bioRxiv |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
While there is unprecedented SARS-CoV-2 sequencing efforts globally, approximately 19 to 43% of the genomes generated
monthly are gapped, reducing their information content. The current study documents the genome gap frequencies and their positions in the currently available data and provides an alternative primer set and a sequencing scheme to helps improve the quality and
coverage of the genomes. |
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COVID-19 Outcomes in Patients Waitlisted for Kidney Transplantation and Kidney Transplant
Recipients |
Craig-Schapiro, R, Salinas, et al |
Am J Transplant |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
The consequences of COVID-19 on patients waitlisted for kidney transplantation, however, have not previously been characterized.
We studied 56 waitlisted patients and 80 kidney transplant recipients diagnosed with COVID-19 between March 13- May 20, 2020. Despite similar demographics and burden of comorbidities between waitlisted and transplant patients, waitlisted patients were more
likely to require hospitalization (82% vs. 65%, p=0.03) and were at a higher risk of mortality (34% vs. 16%, p=0.02). Intubation was required in one-third of hospitalized patients in each group, and portended a very poor prognosis. The vast majority of patients
who died were male (84% waitlist, 100% transplant). Multivariate analysis demonstrated waitlist status, age, and male sex were independently associated with mortality. COVID-19 has had a dramatic impact on waitlisted patients, decreasing their opportunities
for transplantation and posing significant mortality risk. Understanding the impact of COVID-19 on waitlist patients in comparison to transplant recipients may aid centers in weighing the risks and benefits of transplantation in the setting of ongoing COVID-19. |
|
Croft, LB, Krishnamoorthy, et al |
Future Cardiol |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
COVID-19 infection can affect the cardiovascular system. We sought to determine if left ventricular global longitudinal
strain (LVGLS) is affected by COVID-19 and if this has prognostic implications. Materials & methods: Retrospective study, with LVGLS was measured in 58 COVID-19 patients. Patients discharged were compared with those who died. Results: The mean LV ejection
fraction (LVEF) and LVGLS for the cohort was 52.1 and -12.9 ± 4.0%, respectively. Among 30 patients with preserved LVEF(>50%), LVGLS was -15.7 ± 2.8%, which is lower than the reference mean LVGLS for a normal, healthy population. There was no significant difference
in LVGLS or LVEF when comparing patients who survived to discharge or died. Conclusion: LVGLS was reduced in COVID-19 patients, although not significantly lower in those who died compared with survivors. |
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|
Dangerfield, TylerL, Huang, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
COVID-19 is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and is currently being treated
using Remdesivir, a nucleoside analog that inhibits the RNA-dependent-RNA polymerase (RdRp) complex. However, the enzymatic mechanism and efficiency of Remdesivir have not been determined and reliable screens for new inhibitors are urgently needed. Here we
present our work to optimize expression in E. coli, purification, and kinetic analysis of the untagged NSP12/7/8 RdRp complex. Pre-steady-state kinetic analysis shows that our reconstituted RdRp catalyzes fast (kcat = 200—500 s-1) and processive (koff = 0.013
s-1) RNA polymerization and that the specificity constant (kcat/Km) for Remdesivir triphosphate (RTP) incorporation (1.3 μM-1s-1) is almost twice that for the competing ATP (0.7 µM-1 s-1). This work provides the first robust analysis of RNA polymerization
and RTP incorporation by the SARS-CoV-2 RdRp and sets the stage for development of informative enzyme assays to screen for new inhibitors. |
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|
Darnton, R, Lopez, et al |
Med Teach |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
Lockdowns during the COVID-19 pandemic had a disruptive effect on medical education when they prevented medical students
accessing real patients. We evaluated the intervention using qualitative analysis of post-experience interviews with a sample of 13 students and 10 clinical supervisors. Data analysis revealed different models of implementation according to type of patients
involved (acute, recently treated or expert patients) and type of communication platform used (AccuRx, Microsoft Teams or telephone). Practical and educational challenges were identified in relation to the following elements of the experience: patients consulting
with students remotely, students being remotely supervised and students undertaking patient contact from home. Remotely supervised medical students at home undertaking remote consultations with patients can be acceptable and educationally valuable. |
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|
Davis, P, Gibson, et al |
Scott Med J |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We undertook a retrospective observational analysis of all patients admitted to older people's services with confirmed
COVID-19 in one of the largest hospitals in Europe. We detail presenting symptoms, prognostic features and vulnerability to nosocomial spread. 222 patients were included in our analysis. Age ranged from 56 to 99 years (mean = 82) and 148 were female (67%).
119 patients had a positive swab for SARS-CoV-2 within the first 14 days of admission, only 32% of these patients presented with primarily a respiratory type illness. 103 patients (46%) tested positive after 14 days of admission - this was felt to represent
likely nosocomial infection. 95 patients (43%) died by day 30 after diagnosis. This data indicates that older people were more likely to present with non-respiratory symptoms. High clinical frailty scores, severe lymphopenia and cumulative comorbidities were
associated with higher mortality rates. Several contributing factors will have led to nosocomial transmission. |
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|
De Boni, RB, Balanzá-Martínez, et al |
J Med Internet Res |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique Healthcare Response | Réponse
des soins de santé |
Authors aimed to assess the prevalence and predictors of depression, anxiety, and their comorbidity among essential
workers from Brazil and Spain during the COVID-19 pandemic. A web survey was conducted and amultinomial logistic regression model was performed to evaluate the factors associated with depression, anxiety, and both. From the 22,786 individuals included in the
websurvey, 34.2% were essential workers. After adjusting for confusion factors, the multinomial model showed that an unhealthy lifestyle increased the likelihood of depression (Adjusted Odds Ratio- AOR 4·00 (95% CI 2·72-5·87), anxiety (AOR 2·39 (95% CI 1·80-3·20),
and both anxiety and depression (AOR 8·30 ( 95% CI5·90-11·7); while living in Brazil was associated with increased AOR 2·89 (95% CI 2·07-4·06) for depression, anxiety AOR 2·81 (95% CI 2·11-3·74), and both depression and anxiety AOR 5·99 (95%CI 4·53-7·91). |
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Complement activation in the disease course of COVID-19 and its effects on clinical
outcomes |
de Nooijer, AH, Grondman, et al |
J Infect Dis |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection
d'agents pathogènes |
A prospective, longitudinal, single center study was performed in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Plasma concentrations
of complement factors C3a, C3c, and terminal complement complex (TCC) were assessed at baseline and during hospital admission. In parallel, routine laboratory and clinical parameters were collected from medical files and analyzed. Complement factors C3a, C3c
and TCC were significantly increased in plasma of COVID-19 patients compared to healthy controls (p<0.05). These complement factors were especially elevated in ICU patients during the entire disease course (p<0.005 for C3a and TCC). More intense complement
activation was observed in patients that deceased and in patients with thromboembolic events. |
|
de Souza, Dalton, Garcia Borges, et al |
bioRxiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
This study investigates the efficiency of six models in forecasting COVID-19 confirmed cases with 17 days ahead. We
compare the models autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), Holt-Winters, support vector regression (SVR), k-nearest neighbors regressor (KNN), random trees regressor (RTR), seasonal linear regression with change-points (Prophet), and simple logistic
regression (SLR). We implement the models to data provided by the health surveillance secretary of Amapá, a Brazilian state fully carved in the Amazon rainforest, which has been experiencing high infection rates. All models outperform SLG, especially Holt-Winters,
that performs satisfactorily in all scenarios. SVR and ARIMA have better performances in isolated scenarios. To implement the comparisons, we have created a web application, which is available online. |
|
|
Dean, BJF |
BMJ Qual Saf |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
This national, multicentre, cohort study at 74 centres in the UK included all patients undergoing any surgery below
the elbow at the peak of the UK pandemic. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. This analysis includes 1093 patients who underwent upper limb surgery from the 1 to 14 April 2020 inclusively.
The overall 30-day mortality was 0.09% (1 pre-existing SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia) and the mortality of day case surgery was zero. Most centres (96%) screened patients for symptoms prior to admission, only 22% routinely tested for SARS-CoV-2 prior to admission.
The SARS-CoV-2 complication rate was 0.18% (2 pneumonias) and the overall complication rate was 6.6% (72 patients). |
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|
Deep, A, Upadhyay, et al |
Crit Care Med |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
OBJECTIVES: To study the prevalence, evolution, and clinical factors associated with acute kidney injury in children
admitted to PICUs with pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2. DESIGN: Multicenter observational study. SETTING: Fifteen PICUs across the United Kingdom. PATIENTS: Patients admitted
to United Kingdom PICUs with pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 between March 14, 2020, and May 20, 2020. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Deidentified data
collected as part of routine clinical care were analyzed. All children were diagnosed and staged for acute kidney injury based on the level of serum creatinine above the upper limit of reference interval values according to published guidance. Severe acute
kidney injury was defined as stage 2/3 acute kidney injury. Uni- and multivariable analyses were performed to study the association between demographic data, clinical features, markers of inflammation and cardiac injury, and severe acute kidney injury. Over
the study period, 116 patients with pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 were admitted to 15 United Kingdom PICUs. Any-stage acute kidney injury occurred in 48 of 116 patients
(41.4%) and severe acute kidney injury in 32 of 116 (27.6%) patients, which was mostly evident at admission (24/32, 75%). In univariable analysis, body mass index, hyperferritinemia, high C-reactive protein, Pediatric Index of Mortality 3 score, vasoactive
medication, and invasive mechanical ventilation were associated with severe acute kidney injury. In multivariable logistic regression, hyperferritinemia was associated with severe acute kidney injury (compared with nonsevere acute kidney injury; adjusted odds
ratio 1.04; 95% CI, 1.01-1.08; p = 0.04). Severe acute kidney injury was associated with longer PICU stay (median 5 days interquartile range, 4-7 d] vs 3 days interquartile range, 1.5-5 d]; p < 0.001) and increased duration of invasive mechanical ventilation
(median 4 days interquartile range, 2-6 d] vs 2 days interquartile range, 1-3 d]; p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Severe acute kidney injury occurred in just over a quarter of children admitted to United Kingdom PICUs with pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome
temporally associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2. Hyperferritinemia was significantly associated with severe acute kidney injury. Severe acute kidney injury was associated with increased duration of stay and ventilation. Although
short-term outcomes for acute kidney injury in pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 appear good, long-term outcomes are unknown. |
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Della Rossa, F, Salzano, et al |
Nat Commun |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Public health interventions*| Interventions
de santé publique |
The COVID-19 epidemic hit Italy particularly hard, yielding the implementation of strict national lockdown rules. Previous
modelling studies at the national level overlooked the fact that Italy is divided into administrative regions which can independently oversee their own share of the Italian National Health Service. Here, we show that heterogeneity between regions is essential
to understand the spread of the epidemic and to design effective strategies to control the disease. We model Italy as a network of regions and parameterize the model of each region on real data spanning over two months from the initial outbreak. We confirm
the effectiveness at the regional level of the national lockdown strategy and propose coordinated regional interventions to prevent future national lockdowns, while avoiding saturation of the regional health systems and mitigating impact on costs. Our study
and methodology can be easily extended to other levels of granularity to support policy- and decision-makers. |
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Desu, Birhanu, Tilahun, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
The objective of this study is to assess preparedness of governmental hospitals in eastern Amhara region for COVID-19
prevention and care. More than half (57.14%, n=16) hospitals were not ready to prevent and care COVID 19 disease for their staffs and the surrounding community. |
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Dey, A, Majumdar, et al |
Chronobiol Int |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
The study aimed to determine the effect of the added stress of the COVID-19 pandemic and population lockdown on the
sleep/wake 24 h rhythm of traffic police. A concise online questionnaire survey was conducted among the traffic police personnel of India. Collected data were analyzed statistically. Disorientation of working schedule, fear of being vulnerable to disease,
pressure of maintaining law, and orders during lockdown increased stress level. The survey identified discontinuation of sleep, shift of mid-sleep time, increase in depression, plus stress and anxiety among traffic police personnel that affected their chronobiological
milieu. |
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Dhall, A, Patiyal, et al |
Brief Bioinform |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Clinical data| Données cliniques |
In order to facilitate the scientific community to fight against COVID-19, authors have developed a method for predicting
IL-6 inducing peptides/epitopes. A web server named as IL-6Pred and a standalone package has been developed for predicting, designing and screening of IL-6 inducing peptides. |
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Successful Liver Transplantation in a Patient Recovered from COVID-19 |
Dhand, A, Bodin, et al |
Transpl Infect Dis |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Transplantation in potential candidates who have recently recovered from COVID-19 is a challenge with uncertainties
regarding the diagnosis, multi-organ systemic involvement, prolonged viral shedding in immunocompromised patients and optimal immunosuppression. A 42 year male with alcoholic hepatitis underwent a successful deceased donor liver transplantation 71 days after
the initial diagnosis of COVID-19. At the time of transplant, he was SARS-CoV-2 PCR negative for 24 days and had a MELD score of 33. His post-operative course was complicated by acute rejection which responded to intense immune-suppression using T-cell depletion
and steroids. He was discharged with normal end-organ function and no evidence of any active infection including COVID-19. Prospective organ transplant recipients who have recovered from COVID-19 can be considered for transplantation after careful pre-transplant
evaluation, donor selection, and individualized risk-benefit analysis. |
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Aerosolisation during tracheal intubation and extubation in an operating theatre setting |
Dhillon, RS, Rowin, et al |
Anaesthesia |
Infection Prevention and Control/ Prévention et contrôle des infections (IPAC/PCI)
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
The aim of this study was to determine whether the processes of face‐mask ventilation, tracheal intubation and extubation
generate aerosols in clinical practice, and to characterise any aerosols produced. In this observational study, patients scheduled to undergo elective endonasal pituitary surgery without symptoms of COVID‐19 were recruited. A total of 482,960 data points were
assessed for complete procedures in three patients. Face‐mask ventilation, tracheal tube insertion and cuff inflation generated small particles 30–300 times above background noise that remained suspended in airflows and spread from the patient’s facial region
throughout the confines of the operating theatre. Safe clinical practice of these procedures should reflect these particle profiles. |
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SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Dual-Biologic Therapy for Crohn's Disease |
Dimopoulos, C, Al-Bawardy, et al |
Inflamm Bowel Dis |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We present a case of a patient with Crohn’s disease on adalimumab (ADA) and ustekinumab (UST) combination therapy who
developed SARS-CoV-2 infection. This case report describes a favorable outcome of a patient with Crohn’s disease who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 while being treated with ADA and UST. The Surveillance Epidemiology of Coronavirus Under Research Exclusion
for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (SECURE-IBD) study showed that biologic monotherapy is not associated with poor outcomes in patients with IBD and SARS-CoV-2 infection. |
|
Dobson, H, Malpas, et al |
Australas Psychiatry |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
This is a cross-sectional survey examining demographic, employment and mental health characteristics of HCWs in a large
metropolitan hospital in Australia. HCWs showed significant symptoms of moderate-severe level depression (21%), anxiety (20%) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; 29%), associated with burnout, prior psychiatric history, profession and resilience. |
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A population-based cohort study of socio-demographic risk factors for COVID-19
deaths in Sweden |
Drefahl, S, Wallace, et al |
Nat Commun |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
In this study, data on all recorded COVID-19 deaths in Sweden up to May 7, 2020 are linked to high-quality and accurate
individual-level background data from administrative registers of the total population. By means of individual-level survival analysis we demonstrate that being male, having less individual income, lower education, not being married all independently predict
a higher risk of death from COVID-19 and from all other causes of death. Being an immigrant from a low- or middle-income country predicts higher risk of death from COVID-19 but not for all other causes of death. The main message of this work is that the interaction
of the virus causing COVID-19 and its social environment exerts an unequal burden on the most disadvantaged members of society. |
|
Dumitriu, D, Emeruwa, et al |
JAMA Pediatr |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
In this cohort analysis of the first 101 neonates born to mothers with perinatal SARS-CoV-2 infections at a single
institution, 2 (2.0%) had positive test results for SARS-CoV-2, but none had clinical evidence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), despite most infants rooming-in with mothers and direct breastfeeding. Fifty-five infants were followed up in the first 2
weeks of life in a new COVID-19 Newborn Follow-up Clinic, all of whom remained healthy. |
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Heard Immunity: Effective Persuasion for a Future COVID-19 Vaccine |
Duquette, Nicolas |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
A survey experiment exposes treatment groups to four messages supporting future vaccination against COVID-19. These
treatments emphasize either the risks of the virus or the safety of vaccination, to the respondent personally or to others. For a nationally representative sample, self-reported intent to vaccinate is not significantly different from the control for any message.
However, there is a substantial divergence between white non-Hispanic respondents, whose response to all four treatments is close to zero, and non-white or Hispanic respondents, whose intention to vaccinate is over 50% higher in response to a message emphasizing
pro-sociality and the safety of others. |
|
Dutta, Usha, Sachan, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
Describe a novel multidimensional Healthcare Professional-centric evidence-based, dynamic policy to address the expressed
concerns of Healthcare Professionals (HCP) regarding COVID-19 infection in India. The hospital was divided into three zones: high, medium, and low risk zones. In the high risk and medium risk zones, hospital organized pre-duty holistic training, provided
on-duty support, ensured post duty HCP welfare, and send them all home after they tested negative for COVID-19. This policy resulted in very low transmission rates <1%, low morbidity, high satisfaction rates with training (92%), PPE provision (90.8%), medical
and psychosocial support (79%) and with improved acceptance of COVID duty with over 54.7% now volunteering for re-deployment. |
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SARS-CoV-2 genomic characterization and clinical
manifestation of the COVID-19 outbreak in Uruguay |
Elizondo, Victoria, Harkins, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
To understand the SARS-CoV-2 introductions, local transmissions, and associations with genomic and clinical parameters
in Uruguay, we sequenced the viral genomes of 44 outpatients and inpatients in a private healthcare system in its capital, Montevideo, from March to May 2020. We performed a phylogeographic analysis using sequences from our cohort and other studies that indicate
a minimum of 23 independent introductions into Uruguay, resulting in five major transmission clusters. Our data suggest that most introductions resulting in chains of transmission originate from other South American countries, with the earliest seeding of
the virus in late February 2020, weeks before the borders were closed to all non-citizens and a partial lockdown implemented. In our cohort, lethal outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection significantly correlated with arterial hypertension, kidney failure, and ICU
admission, but not with any mutation in a structural or non-structural protein, such as the spike D614G mutation. |
|
Erber, Johanna, Kappler, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Infection Prevention and Control/ Prévention et contrôle
des infections (IPAC/PCI) Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé Immunology | Immunologie |
We analysed the exposure characteristics, efficacy of protective measures, and transmission dynamics in this hospital-wide
prospective seroprevalence study in Germany. The overall seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2-IgG antibody was 2.4%. Patient-facing staff, including those working in COVID-19 areas, had a similar probability of being seropositive as non-patient-facing staff.
Prior interaction with SARS-CoV-2-infected co-workers or private contacts and unprotected exposure to COVID-19 patients increased the probability of seropositivity. The rate of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections was 25.9%, and higher anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody
titres were observed in symptomatic individuals. |
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Fadel, FA, Al-Jaghbeer, et al |
Acute Crit Care |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We analyzed the quality data registry for clinical characteristics and outcomes of all COVID-19-confirmed ICU admissions.Across
our health care system, 495 COVID-19 patients were admitted from March 15 to June 1, 2020. Mean patient age was 67.3 years, 206 (41.6%) were females, and 289 (58.4%) were males. Mean Acute Physiology Score was 45.3, and mean Acute Physiology and Chronic Health
Evaluation III score was 60.5. In total, 215 patients (43.3%) were intubated for a mean duration of 9.2 days. Mean ICU and hospital length of stay were 7.4 and 13.9 days, respectively, while mean ICU and hospital mortality rates were 18.4% and 23.8%. |
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GESS: a database of global evaluation of SARS-CoV-2/hCoV-19 sequences |
Fang, S, Li, et al |
Nucleic Acids Res |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 sequences can uncover single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and corresponding evolution patterns.
The Global Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2/hCoV-19 Sequences (GESS, https://wan-bioinfo.shinyapps.io/GESS/) is a resource to provide comprehensive analysis results based on tens of thousands of high-coverage and high-quality SARS-CoV-2 complete genomes. The database
allows user to browse, search and download SNVs at any individual or multiple SARS-CoV-2 genomic positions, or within a chosen genomic region or protein, or in certain country/area of interest. GESS is a powerful resource and tool to monitor SARS-CoV-2 migration
and evolution according to featured genomic variations. It provides potential directive information for prevalence prediction, related public health policy making, and vaccine designs. |
|
Feng, S, Jiang, et al |
Geophys Res Lett |
Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique |
In this work, daily NO (x) emissions are inferred using a regional data assimilation system and hourly surface NO(2)
measurement over China. The results show that because of the coronavirus outbreak, NO (x) emissions across the whole mainland China dropped sharply after 31 January, began to rise slightly in certain areas after 10 February, and gradually recover across the
country after 20 February. Compared with the emissions before the outbreak, NO (x) emissions fell by more than 60% and ~30% in many large cities and most small to medium cities, respectively. Overall, NO (x) emissions were reduced by 36% over China, which
were mainly contributed by transportation. Evaluations show that the inverted changes over eastern China are credible, whereas those in western China might be underestimated. |
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Ferdous, MZ, Islam, et al |
PLoS One |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
Here, we assessed knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) towards COVID-19 immediately after the lock-down measures
were implemented and during the rapid rise period of the outbreak. The survey revealed that 48.3% of participants had more accurate knowledge, 62.3% had more positive attitudes, and 55.1% had more frequent practices regarding COVID-19 prevention. Majority
(96.7%) of the participants agreed 'COVID-19 is a dangerous disease', almost all (98.7%) participants wore a face mask in crowded places, 98.8% agreed to report a suspected case to health authorities, and 93.8% implemented washing hands with soap and water.
In multiple logistic regression analyses, COVID-19 more accurate knowledge was associated with age and residence. Sociodemographic factors such as being older, higher education, employment, monthly family income >30,000 BDT, and having more frequent prevention
practices were the more positive attitude factors. More frequent prevention practice factors were associated with female sex, older age, higher education, family income > 30,000 BDT, urban area residence, and having more positive attitudes. |
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Role of time-normalized laboratory findings in predicting COVID-19 outcome |
Ferrari, D, Seveso, et al |
Diagnosis (Berl) |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection
d'agents pathogènes |
The pandemic COVID-19 currently reached 213 countries worldwide with nearly 9 million infected people and more than
460,000 deaths. We analyzed the time-dependent variations of 14 laboratory parameters in two groups of COVID-19 patients with, respectively, a positive (40 patients) or a poor (42 patients) outcome, admitted to the San Raffaele Hospital (Milan, Italy). We
showed that some parameters can be considered as early prognostic indicators whereas others exhibit statistically significant differences only at a later stage of the disease. Among them, earliest indicators were: platelets, lymphocytes, lactate dehydrogenase,
creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, C-reactive protein, white blood cells and neutrophils. This longitudinal study represents, to the best of our knowledge, the first study describing the laboratory characteristics of Italian COVID-19 patients on a normalized
time-scale. |
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The impact of COVID-19 stay-at-home orders on health behaviors in adults |
Flanagan, EW, Beyl, et al |
Obesity (Silver Spring) |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
This study assessed lifestyle changes across different BMI classifications in response to the global pandemic. The
online survey targeting adults was distributed in April 2020 and collected information on dietary behaviors, physical activity, and mental health. In total, 7,753 participants were included. During the pandemic, overall scores for healthy eating increased
(p<0.001), due to less eating out and increased cooking (p<0.001). Sedentary leisure behaviors increased while time spent in physical activity (absolute time and intensity‐adjusted) declined (p<0.001). Anxiety scores increased 8.78±0.21 during the pandemic
and the magnitude of increase was significantly greater in people with obesity (p≤0.01). Weight gain was reported in 27.5% of the total sample compared to 33.4% in participants with obesity. |
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Flannery, DustinD, Gouma, et al |
medRxiv |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Immunology | Immunologie |
We measured SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels in serum samples from 1,471 mother/newborn dyads and found efficient transplacental
transfer of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in 72 of 83 seropositive pregnant women. Transfer ratios >1.0 were observed among women with an asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as those with mild, moderate and severe COVID-19. Our findings demonstrate the potential
for maternally-derived antibodies to provide neonatal protection from SARS-CoV-2 infection. |
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Fond, Guillaume, Pauly, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Through a population-based cohort study in France, we aimed to establish whether health outcomes and care differed
between patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) and patients without a diagnosis of severe mental illness. The SCZ patients had an increased in-hospital mortality and a decreased ICU admission rate compared to controls. Significant interactions between SCZ and
age for mortality and ICU admission were observed. |
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Rapid detection of SARS-CoV2 by Ambient Mass Spectrometry
Techniques |
Ford, Lauren Louise, Simon, et al |
medRxiv |
Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes |
45 patients were studied from samples collected between April & June 2020 in a clinical feasibility study. Diagnostic
accuracy was calculated as 86.7% and 84% for DESI and LD-REIMS respectively. Results can be acquired in seconds providing robust and quick analysis of COVID-19 status which could be carried out without the need for a centralised laboratory. This technology
has the potential to provide an alternative to population testing and enable the track and trace objectives set by governments and curtail the effects of a second surge in COVID-19 positive cases. In contrast to current PCR testing, using this technique there
is no requirement of specific reagents which can cause devastating delays upon breakdowns of supply chains, thus providing a promising alternative testing method. |
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Obesity and the Risk of Intubation or Death in Patients With Coronavirus Disease
2019 |
Frank, RC, Mendez, et al |
Crit Care Med |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
This was a retrospective cohort study designed to evaluate the association between body mass index and risk of severe
disease in patients with coronavirus disease 2019. A total of 305 patients were included in this study. Among consecutive patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019, obesity was an independent risk factor for intubation or death. |
|
Funt, SA, Cohen, et al |
Abdom Radiol (NY) |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
PURPOSE: Manifestations of COVID-19 are primarily respiratory based, however, gastrointestinal symptoms are now recognized
as an important component of the disease. The purpose of this study is to evaluate differences in abdominal pelvic CT findings in the emergency department by COVID-19 test result. METHODS: This retrospective study identified patients tested by PCR for COVID-19
infection who underwent abdominal pelvic CT scan in the ED across an academic health system from March 15 to April 15, 2020. Radiology reports were reviewed for the presence of ground glass opacity in the lungs and acute abdominal pathology. A subset of patients
with acute abdominal pathology were identified with inflammatory pathology in organs with high ACE2 receptor expression including bowel, pancreas, urinary bladder, and kidney. CT findings for COVID positive versus negative patients were compared with Chi-square
test. RESULTS: 597 patients tested by PCR for COVID-19 infection underwent abdominal pelvic CT scan, 44% were COVID-19 positive. COVID-19 positive patients demonstrated significantly more ground glass opacity at the lung bases, 65.1%, (222/341) versus 12.4%
(33/266), p < 0.001), and significantly less acute abdominal findings, 23.8% (81/341) versus 45.5% (121/266), p ≤ 0.001). When abdominal pathology was present, COVID-19 positive patients had higher rate of inflammatory pathology 58% (47/81) versus 29.8% (36/121).
CONCLUSIONS: In patients undergoing abdominopelvic CT from the ED, COVID-19 positive patients are more likely to have ground glass opacities at the lung bases and less likely to have acute abdominal pathology compared with COVID-19 negative patients. Further,
COVID-19 positive patients are more likely to have inflammation of organs with high expression of ACE2 receptors than other types of acute abdominal pathology. |
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Futterman, I, Rosenfeld, et al |
Am J Perinatol |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique Healthcare Response | Réponse
des soins de santé |
In this cross-sectional study, Short Assessment of Patient Satisfaction (SAPS) survey was used to measure patient satisfaction.
A total of 140 patients were identified who received both virtual and in-person prenatal care from March 1, 2020 to May 1, 2020. One hundred and four patients (74%) agreed to be surveyed: 77 (74%) self-identified as Hispanic and 56 (54%) stated that their
primary language was Spanish. The overall median satisfaction score for televisits and in-person visits was 20 (interquartile range [IQR]: 20, 25) and 24 (IQR: 22, 26) (p = 0.008, Z score = 2.651). In patients who self-identified as Hispanic or identified
their primary language as Spanish, there was no statistically significant difference in their satisfaction scores. While there were lower scores in patient satisfaction for televisits in every category, there were no clinically significant differences since
all medians were in the “satisfied” range. |
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Global projections of potential lives saved from
COVID-19 through universal mask use |
Gakidou, Emmanuela |
medRxiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health
interventions*| Interventions de santé publique |
Using a Bayesian meta-regression of 40 studies measuring the impact of mask use on respiratory viral infections, we
estimated the reduction in transmission associated with the use of cloth or paper masks used in a general population setting. We predicted deaths and infections until January 1st 2021 under a reference and universal mask use scenario using a deterministic
transmission dynamics model with categories for susceptible, exposed, infected and recovered (SEIR). Use of simple masks can reduce transmission of COVID19 by 40% (95% uncertainty interval UI] 20% to 54%). Universal mask use would lead to a reduction of 815,600
deaths (95% UI 430,600 to 1,491,000 deaths) between August 26th 2020 and January 1st 2021, the difference between the predicted 3.00 million deaths (95% UI 2.20 to 4.52 million) in the reference and 2.18 million deaths (95% UI 1.71 to 3.14 million) in the
universal mask scenario over this time period. Mask use was estimated at 59.0% of people globally on August 18th, ranging from 41.9% in North Africa and the Middle East to 79.2% in Latin America and the Caribbean. The effect of universal mask use is greatest
in countries such as India (158,832 fewer deaths in universal mask scenario, 95% UI 75,152 to 282,838 deaths), the United States of America (93,495 fewer deaths; 95% UI 59,329 to 150,967 deaths), and Russia (68,531 fewer deaths; 95% UI 34,249 to 145,960 deaths). |
|
Garritsen, Anja, Scholzen, et al |
medRxiv |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Immunology | Immunologie |
This study verified and applied a two-tiered testing strategy combining a SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD)-specific
lateral flow assay (LFA) with a nucleocapsid protein (NCP) IgG ELISA to assess seroconversion in n=7241 individuals. Individuals reporting symptoms from January 2020 onwards showed seroconversion, as did a considerable proportion of asymptomatic individuals.
Seroconversion for symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals was higher in an area with a known infection cluster compared to a low incidence area. Overall, 94% of individuals with a positive IgG result by LFA were confirmed by NCP ELISA. The proportion of
ELISA-confirmed LFA results declined over time, in line with contracting NCP IgG titers during longitudinal follow-up. Neutralizing antibody activity was considerably more stable than S1 and NCP IgG titers, and both reach a plateau after approximately 100
days. The sVNT proved to be not only highly specific, but also more sensitive than the specificity-focussed two-tiered serology approach. |
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Major role of IgM in the neutralizing activity of convalescent
plasma against SARS-CoV-2 |
Gasser, Romain, Cloutier, et al |
bioRxiv |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Immunology | Immunologie |
In this study, we selected plasma from a cohort of Covid-19 convalescent patients and selectively depleted immunoglobulin
A, M or G before testing the remaining neutralizing capacity of the depleted plasma. We found that depletion of immunoglobulin M was associated with the most substantial loss of virus neutralization, followed by immunoglobulin G. This observation may help
design efficient antibody-based COVID-19 therapies and may also explain the increased susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 of autoimmune patients receiving therapies that impair the production of IgM. |
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Clinical implications of SARS-CoV-2 cycle threshold values in solid organ transplant recipients |
Gaston, DC, Malinis, et al |
Am J Transplant |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
Detection of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA by RT-PCR assays is the primary diagnostic test for COVID-19. Cycle threshold (C(T)
) values generated by some of these assays provide inversely proportional proxy measurements of viral load. The clinical implications of C(T) values are incompletely characterized, particularly in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. We conducted a retrospective
chart review of 25 adult SOT recipients admitted to the Yale New Haven Health System between March 1 - May 15, 2020, analyzing 50 test results to investigate clinical implications of SARS-CoV-2 C(T) values in this population. Initial C(T) values from upper
respiratory tract samples were significantly higher in patients on tacrolimus, but were not associated with admission severity nor highest clinical acuity. Viral RNA was detected up to 38 days from symptom onset with a gradual increase in C(T) values over
time. In 5 patients with serial testing, C(T) values 21 days after symptom onset in 4/5 and ≥27 days in 2/5, demonstrating prolonged RNA detection. These data describe SARS-CoV-2 viral dynamics in SOT patients and suggest that C(T) values may not be useful
to predict COVID-19 severity in SOT patients. SARS-CoV-2 C(T) values may be more useful in informing infection prevention measures. |
|
Geffen, Nathan, Low, et al |
medRxiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health
interventions*| Interventions de santé publique |
This study developed an agent-based model to provide insights into the efficacy of contact tracing, coupled with isolating
or quarantining at risk people and simulated 15,000 short term illnesses, with varying characteristics. The median total infections of the Isolation, Minimum, Moderate and Maximum scenarios were 80%, 40%, 17% and 4% of the no intervention scenario respectively.
Isolation of infected patients and quarantine of their contacts, even if moderately well implemented, is likely to substantially reduce the number of infections in an outbreak. |
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|
Gerevini, Alfonso Emilio, Maroldi, et al |
arXiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical
data| Données cliniques |
In this paper we present a study and a concrete tool based on machine learning to predict the prognosis of hospitalised
patients with Covid-19. In particular we address the task of predicting the risk of death of a patient at different times of the hospitalisation, on the base of some demographic information, chest X-ray scores and several laboratory findings. |
|
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The human brain vasculature shows a distinct expression
pattern of SARS-CoV-2 entry factors |
Ghobrial, Moheb, Charish, et al |
bioRxiv |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
To understand the potential mechanisms underlying SARS-CoV-2 tropism for brain vasculature, we constructed a molecular
atlas of the expression patterns of SARS-CoV-2 viral entry-associated genes (receptors and proteases) and SARS-CoV-2 interaction partners in human (and mouse) adult and fetal brain as well as in multiple non-CNS tissues in single-cell RNA-sequencing data across
various datasets. We observed a distinct expression pattern of the cathepsins B (CTSB) and -L (CTSL) - which are able to substitute for the ACE2 co-receptor TMPRSS2 - in the human vasculature with CTSB being mainly expressed in the brain vasculature and CTSL
predominantly in the peripheral vasculature, and these observations were confirmed at the protein level in the Human Protein Atlas and using immunofluorescence stainings. Our study serves as a publicly available single-cell atlas of SARS-CoV-2 related entry
factors and interaction partners in human and mouse brain endothelial- and perivascular cells, which can be employed for future studies in clinical samples of COVID-19 patients. |
|
Gidari, A, Nofri, et al |
Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Authors collected data from symptomatic patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection in the Italian Umbria Region that,
after recovery, were again positive for SARS-CoV-2 in respiratory tract specimens. Samples were also assessed for infectivity in vitro. A systematic review of similar cases reported in the literature was performed. The study population was composed of 9 patients
during a 4-month study period. Among the new positive samples, six were inoculated in Vero-E6 cells and showed no growth and negative molecular test in culture supernatants. The presumptive reactivation occurred in 34.5 days on average (standard deviation,
SD, 18.7 days) after COVID-19 onset, when the 5.6% of patients presented fever and the 27.6% symptoms. The outcome was favorable in 96.7% of patients. |
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COVID-19 in a Sydney nursing home: a case study and lessons learnt |
Gilbert, GL |
Med J Aust |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
An outbreak began on 3 March 2020 in a care facility of 76 residents. A crisis team, comprising Lodge managers and
Northern Sydney Local Health District senior public health and infection prevention and control (IPC) staff, was formed immediately. Residents in the wing where the carer had worked were isolated and IPC precautions were implemented. Standard precautions were
introduced for everyone entering the facility, along with additional contact and droplet precautions for staff in close contact with residents. |
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Rhabdomyolysis as the Initial Presentation of SARS-CoV-2 in an Adolescent |
Gilpin, S, Byers, et al |
Pediatrics |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
This is a preprint version of an article that demonstrates the use of Rhabdomyolysis as the Initial Presentation of
SARS-CoV-2 in an Adolescent |
|
Gobeil, Sophie, Janowska, et al |
bioRxiv |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
Despite a low mutation rate, isolates with the D614G substitution in the S protein appeared early during the pandemic,
and are now the dominant form worldwide. Here, we analyze the D614G mutation in the context of a soluble S ectodomain construct. Cryo-EM structures, antigenicity and proteolysis experiments suggest altered conformational dynamics resulting in enhanced furin
cleavage efficiency of the G614 variant. Our results elucidate SARS-CoV-2 spike conformational dynamics and allostery, and have implications for vaccine design. |
|
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A coronavirus online analysis platform at the National
Genomics Data Center |
Gong, Z, Zhu, et al |
Zool Res |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
As of October 1st, 2020, the Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID) has been deposited a total of
131,424 SARS-CoV-2 sequences, the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Resource (2019nCoVR)has collected 135,979 genome sequences, and the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) is maintaining 61,551 sets of high throughput sequencing data and Genome Sequence
Archive (GSA) has also released more than 200 accessions of SARS-CoV-2 sequencing data. All those massive amounts of data provide important information for the studies on viral classification, viral tracing, viral mutations, genome evolution, and antiviral
drug development in the SARS-CoV-2. |
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Influence of COVID-19 confinement on students' performance in higher education |
Gonzalez, T, de la Rubia, et al |
PLoS One |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
This study analyzes the effects of COVID-19 confinement on the autonomous learning performance of 458 students in higher
education. These group of students from 3 academic years had their face-to-face activities interrupted because of the confinement. The results show that there is a significant positive effect of the COVID-19 confinement on students’ performance. An analysis
of students’ learning strategies before confinement shows that students did not study on a continuous basis. Based on these results, we conclude that COVID-19 confinement changed students’ learning strategies to a more continuous habit, improving their efficiency.
For these reasons, better scores in students’ assessment are expected due to COVID-19 confinement that can be explained by an improvement in their learning performance. |
|
Gozzi, N, Tizzani, et al |
J Med Internet Res |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
The goal of this study is to characterize the media coverage and collective internet response to the COVID-19 pandemic
in four countries: Italy, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Canada. Overall, the findings offer an additional key to interpret public perception and response to the current global health emergency and raise questions about the effects of attention
saturation on people's collective awareness and risk perception and thus on their tendencies toward behavioral change. |
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Clarifying predictions for COVID-19 from testing
data: the example of New-York State |
Griette, Pierre, Magal, et al |
medRxiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health
interventions*| Interventions de santé publique |
In this article, we use testing data as an input of a new epidemic model. We get nice a concordance between the best
fit the model to the reported cases data for New-York state. We also get a good concordance of the testing dynamic and the epidemic's dynamic in the cumulative cases. By increasing 2, 5, 10 and 100 times the number of tests, we can observe that this efficient
up to some point 10 and but increasing 100 times is not making a big difference. Therefore, it is useless to test to many peoples and there must an optimum (between the cost of the tests) and the efficiency in the evaluation of the number of cases. |
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Risk factors of mortality for intensive care COVID-19 patients: A retrospective
cohort study |
Gu, Yanli, Wang, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
To identify the risk factors of mortality for coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) patients admitted to intensive care
units (ICU), we conducted a retrospective analysis. A total of 57 patients (38 males and 19 females) were included in this retrospective study, including 20 patients in deceased group and 37 patients in surviving group. Clinicians should pay enough attention
to IL-6 and PaO2/FiO2, especially when IL-6>25.69 pg/ml and PaO2/FiO2<167.79 mmHg, and take active intervention measures as early as possible. |
|
Gualano, MR, Lo Moro, et al |
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
A recent Italian report on medicines use during COVID-19 epidemic outlined a non-significant increase in outpatient
pharmaceutical antidepressant consumption in March and a significant increase in anxiolytic consumption. Along with this, an analysis of psychiatric hospitalizations in Lombardy revealed a reduction in voluntary admissions in the 40 days after the beginning
of COVID-19 epidemic in Italy. In addition, looking at Google Trends, the greatest searching activity for "psychological support" in recent years was detected the week of the 26th April 2020, followed by the week of the 22nd March 2020. We think that stronger
indicators of mental health status and psychological well-being should be found to understand the long-term effects of the pandemic. |
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Guo, Li, Wang, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques Immunology | Immunologie |
We profiled the temporal changes of IgG antibodies against spike (S; S-IgG) proteins of SARS-CoV-2 and seasonal HCoVs
in 838 plasma samples collected from 344 COVID-19 patients. Our data indicate that there exist a humoral cross-reactive response between HCoV-OC43 and SARS-CoV-2. The cross-reactive HCoV-OC43 S-IgG antibody is not protective against SARS-CoV-2, but may be
a risk factor for the severity and adverse outcome of COVID-19. |
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Impact of SARS-CoV-2 on Fetal Malformation During Pregnancy: A Case Report
of Fetal Autopsy |
Guo, Yuping, Ren, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Transmission Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We described a case report of fetal anomalies during second-trimester (25+3 weeks) pregnancy. The fetal autopsy was
found with abnormal heart anatomy (including ventricular septal defect, oval hole valve missing, and pericardial effusion), polycystic kidney, and acute chorioamnionitis. SARS-CoV-2 infection in second-trimester pregnancy not the direct factor resulted in
congenital defects, and multiple risk factors contribute to these changes. |
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Global dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 clades and their relation to COVID-19 epidemiology |
Hamed, SamiraM, Elkhatib, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
Metadata of 60,703 SARS-CoV-2 genomes submitted to GISAID database were analyzed with respect to genomic clades and
their geographic, age, and gender distributions. Metadata analysis showed higher (p > 0.05) prevalence of severe/deceased cases among males than females and predominance of GR clade in female and children patients. Furthermore, severe disease/death was more
prevalent (p < 0.05) in elderly than in adults/children. These findings uniquely provide an evidence-based evolution of SARS-CoV-2 leading to altered infectivity, virulence, and mortality. |
|
Handrick, S, Bestehorn-Willmann, et al |
Virus genes |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Transmission Clinical data| Données cliniques Coronavirology|
Coronavirologie |
In the present work, two complete genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2 were obtained from nasal swab samples of Tunisian
SARS-CoV-2 PCR-positive patients using nanopore sequencing. The virus genomes of two of the patients examined, a Tunisian soldier returning from a mission in Morocco and a member of another Tunisian family, showed significant differences in analyses of the
total genome and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Phylogenetic relationships with known SARS-CoV-2 genomes in the African region, some European and Middle Eastern countries and initial epidemiological conclusions indicate that the introduction of SARS-CoV-2
into Tunisia from two independent sources was travel-related. |
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Early prediction of level-of-care requirements in patients with COVID-19 |
Hao, B, Sotudian, et al |
Elife |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
This study examined records of 2,566 consecutive COVID-19 patients at five Massachusetts hospitals and sought to predict
level-of-care requirements based on clinical and laboratory data. Several classification methods were applied and compared against standard pneumonia severity scores. The need for hospitalization, ICU care, and mechanical ventilation were predicted with a
validation accuracy of 88%, 87%, and 86%, respectively.ICU care and ventilation. When predictions are limited to patients with more complex disease, the accuracy of the ICU and ventilation prediction models achieved accuracy of 83% and 82%, respectively. Vital
signs, age, BMI, dyspnea, and comorbidities were the most important predictors of hospitalization. Opacities on chest imaging, age, admission vital signs and symptoms, male gender, admission laboratory results, and diabetes were the most important risk factors
for ICU admission and mechanical ventilation. The factors identified collectively form a signature of the novel COVID-19 disease. |
|
Hao, Yuhan, Hao, et al |
bioRxiv |
Immunology | Immunologie |
We apply our procedure to a CITE-seq dataset of hundreds of thousands of human white blood cells alongside a panel
of 228 antibodies to construct a multimodal reference atlas of the circulating immune system. We demonstrate how to leverage this reference to rapidly map new datasets, and to interpret immune responses to vaccination and COVID-19. Our findings recapitulated
the original unsupervised analysis, for example, highlighting increases in plasmablast frequency during COVID-19 response. In particular, we observed a depletion of MAIT cells in COVID-19 samples compared to healthy controls. |
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Possible transmission flow of SARS-CoV-2 based on ACE2
features |
Hassan, Sk Sarif, Ghosh, et al |
bioRxiv |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the cellular receptor for the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus
2 (SARS-CoV-2) that is engendering the severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The spike (S) protein receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 binds to the three sub-domains viz. amino acids (aa) 22-42, aa 79-84, and aa 330-393 of ACE2 on human
cells to initiate entry. It was reported earlier that the receptor utilization capacity of ACE2 proteins from different species, such as cats, chimpanzees, dogs, and cattle, are different. A comprehensive analysis of ACE2 receptors of nineteen species was
carried out in this study, and the findings propose a possible SARS-CoV-2 transmission flow across these nineteen species. |
|
Heffron, AnnaS, McIlwain, et al |
bioRxiv |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Immunology | Immunologie |
Here we show that SARS-CoV-2 infection induces robust antibody responses to epitopes throughout the SARS-CoV-2 proteome,
particularly in M, in which one epitope achieved near-perfect diagnostic accuracy. We map 79 B cell epitopes throughout the SARS-CoV-2 proteome and demonstrate that anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies appear to bind homologous peptide sequences in the 6 known human
CoVs. Our results demonstrate previously unknown, highly reactive B cell epitopes throughout the full proteome of SARS-CoV-2 and other CoV proteins, especially M, which should be considered in diagnostic, vaccine, and therapeutic development. |
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|
Hernández-Garduño, E |
Pediatr Obes |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Some comorbidities are risk factors for severe coronavirus disease (Covid-19) but it is unknown whether some increase
susceptibility to Covid-19 in children. In this Mexican case-control study, contact with patients with Covid-19, or having obesity, or having diabetes, or hypertension or been immunosuppressed independently increased the risk for Covid-19 in the whole sample
analysis. However, only contact history and obesity remained statistically significant in the separated analysis of girls and boys. The results suggest that obesity is not only associated with severe disease but also increases risk for Covid-19. Contrary to
findings in adults, no difference between cases and controls was found for gender, presence of pneumonia or surrogates of severe disease including admission to intensive care unit, tracheal intubation or whether patient had died. This indicates that Covid-19
is less severe in children than adults. Future research is needed to establish the mechanisms involved in obesity and Covid-19 in children. |
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Hibino, M, Iwabuchi, et al |
J Hosp Infect |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques Immunology | Immunologie |
We assessed 806 medical staff during an annual medical check-up conducted between June 1 and July 30, 2020. None of
the staff was confirmed to have COVID-19, except for one staff member who had mild COVID-19 in April 2020. The study sample comprised 229 men and 577 women, with a median age of 33 (range, 21–83) years, including 66 doctors, 363 nurses, 40 pharmacists, 37
radiology technicians, 57 laboratory medical technologists, 58 rehabilitation therapists, and 185 other occupations. In total, 136 staff members had direct contact with COVID-19 patients while equipped with standard personal protective equipment. The remaining
670 worked in the hospital without direct contact with COVID-19 patients. Six medical staff members had IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Five of these cases were unexpected as they had not been diagnosed previously. Four cases had been asymptomatic in the
months preceding the test and one (case 2) visited our fever clinic two times in April with typical COVID-19 symptoms however, she could not be tested for COVID-19 by PCR since the indications for SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing were limited at that time in Japan. |
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Hindilerden, F, Yönal Hindilerden, et al |
Balkan Med J |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
A 78 year-old male diagnosed with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) presented with diarrhea and dyspnea. His vital signs were
as follows: temperature 38°C, pulse 112/minute and respiratory rate of 22 breaths/minute. His SpO2 on ambient air was 91%. RT-PCR assay detected presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA in the nasopharyngeal swab. We had
to interrupt ibrutinib because of hematological toxicity at the time of diagnosis of Covid19 pneumonia. Yet shortly after cessation, disease recurred with mass lesions over the orbita and hard palate. Dexamethasone 8 mg/day for four days and ibrutinib 560
mg/day were restarted. One week later, orbital swelling and the mass lesion over the hard palate mass regressed. Two weeks later, symptoms associated with Covid-19 pneumonia completely regressed. Currently under treatment of ibrutinib, MCL is still in remission
and the patient is free of Covid-19 infection. |
|
|
Ho, HE, Mathew, et al |
J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Report the clinical features and outcomes of Covid-19 in patients from a large PID center in New York City between
January and July 2020. 16 patients followed at the Mount Sinai Hospital PID clinic tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Nine patients had common variable immunodeficiency (CVID; NFKB1, n=2; STAT3 gain-of-function, n=1) and 3 patients had X-linked agammaglobulinemia
(XLA) due to Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) mutations. Other PID diagnoses in the cohort included hypogammaglobulinemia, IgA-IgG2 deficiency, interferon gamma receptor 2 (IFNGR2) deficiency, and X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome (XHIGM) (n=1 each). Seven patients
had pre-existing PID-associated autoimmune/inflammatory complications. The clinical impact of Covid-19 in PIDs varies from mild symptoms to death. The proportion of deaths in this series (25%) was greater than that in the general population with Covid-19 reported
at New York City hospitals (10.2%), and similar to outcomes data reported in the kidney transplant population (28%). In this single-center experience, those who died had pre-existing PID-associated or other co-morbidities. |
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|
Hoffmann, HH, Schneider, et al |
bioRxiv |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
To identify host factors required for flavivirus infection we performed full-genome loss of function CRISPR-Cas9 screens.
Based on these results we focused our efforts on characterizing the roles that TMEM41B and VMP1 play in the virus replication cycle. Our mechanistic studies on TMEM41B revealed that all members of the Flaviviridae family that we tested require TMEM41B. We
tested 12 additional virus families and found that SARS-CoV-2 of the Coronaviridae also required TMEM41B for infection. Remarkably, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) present at nearly twenty percent in East Asian populations reduce flavivirus infection.
Based on our mechanistic studies we hypothesize that TMEM41B is recruited to flavivirus RNA replication complexes to facilitate membrane curvature, which creates a protected environment for viral genome replication. |
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Between Lives and Economy: Optimal COVID-19 Containment Policy
in Open Economies |
Hsu, Wen-Tai, Lin, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health
interventions*| Interventions de santé publique Economics | Économie |
This paper studies optimal containment policy for combating a pandemic in an open- economy context. It does so via
quantitative analyses using a model that incorporates a standard epidemiological compartmental model in a multi-country, multi-sector Ricardian model of international trade with full-fledged input-output linkages. We devise a novel approach in computing optimal
national policies in the long run, and contrast these policies with a baseline in which countries maintain their current policies until vaccine availability. The welfare gains under optimal policies are asymmetric as the gains for the set of countries which
should tighten up the containment measures are much larger than those which should relax. We also find that the welfare implications of optimal policies in open economies differ significantly from those in closed ones. |
|
Hu, F, Chen, et al |
Cell Mol Immunol |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Immunology | Immunologie |
Here, we analyzed the viral data and clinical manifestations of 289 domestic Chinese COVID-19 patients and found that
21 individuals (7.3%) were readmitted for hospitalization after detection of SARS-CoV-2 after discharge. First, we experimentally confirmed that the virus was involved in the initial infection and was not a secondary infection. In positive retests, the virus
was usually found in anal samples (15 of 21, 71.4%). Through analysis of the intracellular viral subgenomic messenger RNA (sgmRNA), we verified that positive retest patients had active viral replication in their gastrointestinal tracts (3 of 16 patients, 18.7%)
but not in their respiratory tracts. Then, we found that viral persistence was not associated with high viral titers, delayed viral clearance, old age, or more severe clinical symptoms during the first hospitalization. In contrast, viral rebound was associated
with significantly lower levels of and slower generation of viral receptor-binding domain (RBD)-specific IgA and IgG antibodies. Our study demonstrated that the positive retest patients failed to create a robust protective humoral immune response, which might
result in SARS-CoV-2 persistence in the gastrointestinal tract and possibly in active viral shedding. |
|
|
Hu, Yi, Kong, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health
interventions*| Interventions de santé publique |
We quantify impacts of Wuhan quarantine on COVID-19 spread during chunyun at a nationwide and a local level. Four scenarios
of geographic spread of COVID-19 included the presence of both chunyun and quarantine (baseline); quarantine without chunyun (scenario 1); chunyun without quarantine (scenario 2); and the absence of both chunyun and quarantine (scenario 3). Our result strongly
supports the travel restriction as one of the effective emergency responses and highlight the importance of developing area-specific countermeasures. |
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A single-dose mRNA vaccine provides a long-term protection for hACE2 transgenic
mice from SARS-CoV-2 |
Huang, Qingrui, Ji, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Vaccine Research| Recherche sur les vaccins Animal model | Modèle animal |
Developed a nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccine in lipid-encapsulated form which encoded SARS-CoV-2 RBD (mRNA-RBD). A
single immunization of mRNA-RBD elicited both robust neutralizing antibody and cellular response, and conferred a near-complete protection against wild SARS-CoV-2 infection in lungs of hACE2 transgenic mice. High levels of neutralizing antibodies response
induced by mRNA-RBD vaccination was maintain for at least 6.5 months. |
|
Hui, BenB, Brown, et al |
medRxiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health
interventions*| Interventions de santé publique |
This modelling study aims to inform optimal public health responses to contain SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in remote communities..
Multiple secondary infections are likely present by the time the first case is identified. Quarantine of close contacts, defined by extended household membership, can reduce peak infection prevalence from 60-70% to around 10%, but subsequent waves may occur
when community mixing resumes. Exit testing significantly reduces ongoing transmission. Concurrent lockdown of non-quarantined households for 14 days is highly effective for epidemic control and reduces overall testing requirements; peak prevalence of the
initial outbreak can be constrained to less than 5%, and the final community attack rate to less than 10% in modelled scenarios. Lockdown also mitigates the effect of a delay in the initial response. Compliance with lockdown must be at least 80-90%, however,
or epidemic control will be lost. |
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|
Husain, W, Ashkanani, et al |
Environ Health Prev Med |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
Examined the changes in dietary and lifestyle behaviours that are major determinants of health during the COVID-19
outbreak. The rate of skipping breakfast remained consistent, with a slight increase during the pandemic. Lunch remained the main reported meal before and during COVID-19. Compared to before COVID-19, people were much more likely have a late-night snack or
meal during COVID-19. Moreover, there was a drastic decrease in the frequency of fast-food consumption during COVID-19, up to 82% reported not consuming fast food. There was a significant increase in the percentage of participants who had their main meal freshly
made. Regarding food group patterns, no significant differences were found before and during the pandemic in terms of the weekly frequency of consumption, except in the case of fish and seafood. There were no remarkable changes in beverage consumption habits
among participants before and during the pandemic, except for Americano coffee and fresh juice. Furthermore, there was a great reduction in physical activity and an increase in the amount of screen time and sedentary behaviours. A notable increase was detected
in day-time sleep and a decrease in night-time sleep among participants. |
|
|
Ikemura, Toshimichi, Wada, et al |
bioRxiv |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
Unsupervised AI (artificial intelligence) can obtain novel knowledge from big data without particular models or prior
knowledge and is highly desirable for unveiling hidden features in big data. We previously established unsupervised AI, a BLSOM (batch-learning SOM), which can analyze five million genomic sequences simultaneously. The present study applied the BLSOM to the
oligonucleotide compositions of forty thousand SARS-CoV-2 genomes. While only the oligonucleotide composition was given, the obtained clusters of genomes corresponded primarily to known main clades and internal divisions in the main clades. Since the BLSOM
is explainable AI, it reveals which features of the oligonucleotide composition are responsible for clade clustering. |
|
|
Ionescu, F, Jaiyesimi, et al |
Eur J Haematol |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
Evaluated the impact on survival of different anticoagulation (AC) doses in COVID-19 patients. 3480 patients were included.
18.5% required intensive care unit (ICU) stay. 60.9% received prophylactic doses (pAC), 28.7% received ≥3 days of therapeutic doses (tAC), and 10.4% received no AC. Propensity score (PS) weighted Kaplan-Meier plot demonstrated different 25-day survival probability
in the tAC and pAC groups (57.5% vs 50.7%). In a PS weighted multivariate proportional hazards model, AC was associated with reduced risk of death at prophylactic (hazard ratio [HR] 0.35 [95% confidence interval {CI} 0.22‐0.54]) and therapeutic doses (HR 0.14
[95% CI 0.05‐0.23]) compared to no AC. Major bleeding occurred more frequently in tAC patients (81 [8.1%]) compared to no AC (20 [5.5%]) or pAC (46 [2.2%]) subjects. |
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|
Islam, Syed Shahidul, Noman, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Transmission Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We aimed to estimate the key components of disease transmission and secondary attack rate from different exposure settings.
This study included 159 males and 22 females. The crude case fatality rate amongst all cases was 6.08%. Among 319 close contacts, there were 13 secondary cases having an overall secondary attack rate of 4.08 (95% CI 1.95-6.20). The secondary attack rate among
household contacts was at the highest risk of attack, followed by funeral ceremonies and family contacts. The attack rate was higher in age groups 50-59 and 60-69. |
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|
The Role of Israel's Emergency Medical Services During a Pandemic in the Pre-exposure
Period |
Jaffe, E, Sonkin, et al |
Disaster Med Public Health Prep |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
Describe the role of Magen David Adom (MDA), Israel's National Emergency Pre-hospital Medical Organization, in the
pre-exposure period, before widespread governmental action. These efforts were based on (1) phone diagnosis, dispatch, and transport, and (2) border management checkpoints. The total number of protected transports during this time was 121. Of these, 44 (36.3%)
were referred by medical sources, and 77 were identified as "suspected COVID-19" by dispatchers (63.7%). The checkpoint was accessed by 156 travelers: 87 were sent to home-quarantine; 12 were transported to the hospital; 18 were refused entry; 39 required
no further action. |
|
JAK, Behling, G, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Transmission Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Here, we present a case of a pregnant woman with subclinical hypothyroidism and PAI-1 4G/5G mutation who was infected
with SARS-CoV-2 at the end of the third trimester of pregnancy. transplacental transmission of SARS-CoV-2 can cause placental inflammation, ischemia and neonatal viremia, with complications such as preterm labor and damage to the placental barrier in patients
with PAI-1 4G/5G mutation. |
|
|
Jamshidi, B, Bekrizadeh, et al |
Disaster Med Public Health Prep |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
COVID-19 was first identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. From the beginning, this disease has been the subject
of various scientific studies. Due to the large amount of data related to the spread of COVID-19 and the high speed of changes, particularly in modeling and forecasting works, it is required to update the predictions and assess the goodness of performance
or the accuracy of the models. In this regard, we aim at evaluating the performance of the model introduced by Jamshidi et al 1] to describe the first wave of infectious diseases. Since about the propagation of COVID-19 in the UK, until early July 2020, we
had encountered the first wave of the disease, it is possible to examine the performance of the model to describe the trend of the disease up to early July. Therefore, in this letter, we want to evaluate the performance of the model in two periods:- The time
studied by Jamshidi et al 2] (April 15 to May 30, 2020), and- A one-month period thereafter (May 31 to July 1). |
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Development and evaluation of an artificial intelligence system for COVID-19 diagnosis |
Jin, C, Chen, et al |
Nat Commun |
Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes |
Early detection of COVID-19 based on chest CT enables timely treatment of patients and helps control the spread of
the disease. We proposed an artificial intelligence (AI) system for rapid COVID-19 detection and performed extensive statistical analysis of CTs of COVID-19 based on the AI system. We developed and evaluated our system on a large dataset with more than 10
thousand CT volumes from COVID-19, influenza-A/B, non-viral community acquired pneumonia (CAP) and non-pneumonia subjects. In such a difficult multi-class diagnosis task, our deep convolutional neural network-based system is able to achieve an area under the
receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 97.81% for multi-way classification on test cohort of 3,199 scans, AUC of 92.99% and 93.25% on two publicly available datasets, CC-CCII and MosMedData respectively. In a reader study involving five radiologists,
the AI system outperforms all of radiologists in more challenging tasks at a speed of two orders of magnitude above them. Diagnosis performance of chest x-ray (CXR) is compared to that of CT. Detailed interpretation of deep network is also performed to relate
system outputs with CT presentations. The code is available at https://github.com/ChenWWWeixiang/diagnosis_covid19 . |
|
Jonker, M, de Bekker-Grob, et al |
JMIR Mhealth Uhealth |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
The primary objective of this study is to determine the potential uptake of a contact tracing app in the Dutch population,
depending on the characteristics of the app. A secure and privacy-respecting contact tracing app with the most realistic characteristics can obtain an adoption rate as high as 64% in the Netherlands. |
|
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Phylogeographic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 variations from Indian isolates |
Joshipura, Akshat, Balaji, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
In this study, SARS-CoV-2 isolates of Indian origin were compared with the Wuhan reference sequence. Phylogenomic,
proteomic, and phylogeographic analyses were performed. The genome comparisons indicated that majority of the sequence variations are associated with protein-coding regions. Based on the phylogeographic analysis, the high probability of mutations likely to
be of Indian origin is attributed to the Gujarat cluster. |
|
Critical Care for Coronavirus Disease 2019: Perspectives From the PICU to the
Medical ICU |
Joyce, CL, Howell, et al |
Crit Care Med |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
Describe the unique perspective of pediatric intensivists caring for critically ill adults during the coronavirus disease
2019 pandemic. Within 1 week, the PICU at New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medicine transferred or discharged all inpatients, underwent a transformation of the physical space, and began admitting adults of all ages with coronavirus disease 2019
related acute respiratory failure. The New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medicine PICU physician group continued to lead this unit. PICU nurses, respiratory therapists, social workers, and child life specialists joined their PICU physician colleagues
to care for these critically ill adults. PICU physicians are well poised to care for adult patients in a surge capacity, and bring a unique perspective to the experience. |
|
Kalamdani, P, Kalathingal, et al |
Indian Pediatr |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Describe the clinical and laboratory profile of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infected
neonates. Out of 1229 mothers, 185 tested positive (15.05%); 12 neonates (6.48%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection. All neonates were exclusively breastfed. Symptoms, if any, were mild and self-limiting. Serum lactate dehydrogenase and liver enzymes
were elevated. All neonates were healthy and thriving well on follow-up. |
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Kallingal, A, Thachan Kundil, et al |
J Biomol Struct Dyn |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
Analyzed the action of Tectoquinone and Acteoside; an important phytocompound, on SARS-CoV2 viral protease via in silico
approach. The compounds were selected on the basis of their molecular docking values and they were subjected to molecular dynamics simulations about 50 ns to determine the stability and the thermodynamic feasibility between the target and the ligands. Binding
energies like hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions of the complexes were determined after MD simulations. The Pharmacokinetics and drug likeness evaluation of the compounds provide a strong evidence for the use of these compounds in
developing drugs for clinical trials. |
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Kaptein, SJF, Jacobs, et al |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A |
Therapeutics| Thérapeutique Animal model | Modèle animal |
established an infection model in Syrian hamsters to evaluate the efficacy of small molecules on both infection and
transmission. Treatment of SARS-CoV-2-infected hamsters with a low dose of favipiravir or hydroxychloroquine with(out) azithromycin resulted in, respectively, a mild or no reduction in virus levels. However, high doses of favipiravir significantly reduced
infectious virus titers in the lungs and markedly improved lung histopathology. Moreover, a high dose of favipiravir decreased virus transmission by direct contact, whereas hydroxychloroquine failed as prophylaxis. Pharmacokinetic modeling of hydroxychloroquine
suggested that the total lung exposure to the drug did not cause the failure. |
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Karegar, MA, Kusche, et al |
Geophys Res Lett |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has imposed tight mobility restrictions in urban areas, causing
substantial reduction in roadway traffic. Many public parking lots are nearly vacant as people across the world have gone on lockdown since mid-March. This environmental change may have impacts on Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) sensors installed
on roof of buildings. Here, we use a monitoring site in Boston to exemplify a likely sensitivity of precise GNSS sensors to their nearby dynamic environments including parked vehicles in parking lots. We show that reduced number of parked vehicles since 23
March has decreased the reflector roughness, resulting in an increase in the reflected signal power whose amplitude is quantified by GNSS interferometric reflectometry technique. The uncertainty of retrieved GNSS antenna height drops with beginning of lockdown,
allowing more accurate estimate of reflector height, which could have a general implication for better understanding of the fundamental limitations of the technique. |
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Katewongsa, P, Widyastaria, et al |
J Sport Health Sci |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
Examined the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) of Thai adults and assessed
the effects of the national curfew policy and health promotion campaigns in influencing physical activity (PA) during the pandemic. The proportion of Thai adults who had sufficient MVPA declined from 74.6% before the pandemic to 54.7% during the pandemic,
and that decline was accompanied by a reduction in the cumulative minutes of MVPA from 580 to 420. During the COVID-19 pandemic, male and middle-aged individuals were 1.3 and 1.1 times more likely to have sufficient MVPA, respectively. Those who were unemployed,
resided in an urban area, and/or had chronic disease(s) were 27%, 13%, and 29% less likely to meet the recommended level of PA during the pandemic, respectively. Those who were exposed to the Fit from Home (FFH) campaign were 1.4 times more likely to have
sufficient MVPA. |
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Kaul, S, Coleman, et al |
J Am Med Inform Assoc |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
Created an online visualization to support fatality management in North Carolina. Users could adjust interactive maps
and other statistical charts to view live reports of metrics at multiple aggregation levels (eg, county or region). The application also provides access to detailed tabular data for individual facilities. Stakeholders found this tool helpful for providing
situational awareness of capacity, hotspots, and utilization fluctuations. Timely reporting of facility and county data were key, and future work can help streamline the data collection process. |
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Kaupke, N, Spitzer, et al |
Ophthalmologe |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
Analyzed data from a German university hospital to determine if the coronavirus pandemic had an impact on treatment
and visual outcomes of patients with retinal detachment. When compared to the period in the previous year there were no significant differences for sex, age, eye, length of symptoms, previous visit to doctor, visual acuity, macula status, degree of retinal
detachment, proliferative vitreoretinopathy and type or length of procedure during the coronavirus pandemic. Of the patients with retinal detachment 29% had general health concerns due to the coronavirus pandemic. Medical treatment for retinal detachment was
not influenced by the coronavirus pandemic. |
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Kempegowda, Punith, Melson, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
This retrospective cohort study aimed to explore the effects of COVID-19 on presentation, clinical course and outcome
in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). A total of 88 episodes (20 COVID-positive, 31 COVID-negative and 37-pre-COVID) were included in this study. There was no significant difference in the severity or duration of DKA between the three groups. COVID-positive
type 1 diabetes were more hyperglycaemic on admission. There was an over representation of type 2 diabetes in COVID-positive patients than in pre-COVID or COVID-negative groups. |
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Kerget, B, Kerget, et al |
J Med Virol |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Investigated the relationship between serum interleukin (IL)-18, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), and alpha defensin
levels and the clinical course and prognosis of COVID-19. Serum alpha defensin, IL-1Ra, and IL-18 levels were significantly higher in patients who developed macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) compared to patients
who did not. Alpha defensin, IL-1Ra, and IL-18 levels were significantly higher in COVID-19 patients with and without MAS or ARDS when compared to the control group. When the 9 patients who died were compared with the 91 surviving patients, IL-1Ra and IL-18
levels were found to be significantly higher in the nonsurvivors. |
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The Implication of Cardiac Injury Score on In-hospital Mortality of Coronavirus
Disease 2019 |
Kim, IC, Song, et al |
J Korean Med Sci |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Investigated impact of the biomarkers indicating cardiac injury in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on patients'
outcomes. A total of 38 patients with COVID-19 were enrolled. Twenty-two patients (57.9%) had at least one of cardiac injury markers. The patients with cardiac injuries were older (69.6 ± 14.9 vs. 58.6 ± 13.9 years old), and were more male (59.1% vs. 18.8%).
They showed lower initial oxygen saturation (92.8 vs. 97.1%) and a trend toward higher mortality (27.3 vs. 6.3%). The increased number of cardiac injury markers was significantly related to a higher incidence of in-hospital mortality which was also evidenced
by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. |
|
The First Case of an HIV Patient Diagnosed with COVID-19 in Korea |
Kim, JY, Kim, et al |
J Korean Med Sci |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Although some comorbidities, such as diabetes mellitus, lung disease, and chronic kidney disease, are known as risk
factors for poor clinical outcome in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), it is unknown if human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients with COVID-19 would have poor prognosis than others. Rare cases of HIV patients with COVID-19 have been reported.
As of May 25th, 2020, over 11,000 patients have been diagnosed with COVID-19 and over 13,000 are living with HIV in Korea. Here, we present the first HIV patient with COVID-19 in Korea. The 29-year-old Korean man had been taking Genvoya® regularly for seven
years and HIV was well suppressed with CD4 counts of 555/mm³. He had mild symptoms of sore throat, dry cough, loss of taste and smell. He received hydroxychloroquine while Genvoya® was continued. Pneumonia diagnosed in chest computed tomography improved without
oxygen supplementation. He was discharged on hospital day 31. HIV patients are considered as immunocompromised, but this case suggests that well controlled HIV patients have satisfactory prognosis following proper medical care. |
|
King, RodneyG, Silva-Sanchez, et al |
bioRxiv |
Vaccine Research| Recherche sur les vaccins Animal model | Modèle animal |
Here, we show that AdCOVID, an intranasal adenovirus type 5 (Ad5)-vectored vaccine encoding the receptor binding domain
(RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, elicits a strong and focused immune response against RBD through the induction of mucosal IgA, serum neutralizing antibodies and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells with a Th1-like cytokine expression profile. Therefore, AdCOVID, which
promotes concomitant systemic and local mucosal immunity, represents a promising COVID-19 vaccine candidate. |
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Kiss, N, Cantoresi, et al |
Dermatol Ther |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
Retrospectively analyzed data of patients who presented at an Italian academic outpatient clinic reserved only for
emergency dermatology cases. In total, 252 patients (109 males and 143 females) with a mean age of 55.25±20.99 years were cared for at our clinic during a three-month period. We classified 10 patients (4%) as real emergency cases. Pityriasis rosea was diagnosed
in three patients. Many patients sought care for skin cancer screening. In 131 patients (52%) dermoscopic skin examinations were performed. In 39 patients (15%), actinic keratosis or non-melanoma skin cancer was detected, while melanoma was diagnosed in three
patients, two of which were proven later as in situ melanoma. 111 patients (44%) visited our clinic for other, non-urgent skin diseases. Our results imply that many patients felt that their skin problems required immediate attention, even if this could not
be justified. |
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Kitchen, Christopher, Hatef, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
To understand the spread and impact of COVID-19 across the U.S., county level data for confirmed cases of COVID-19
were examined by Area Deprivation Index (ADI) scores and Metropolitan vs. Nonmetropolitan designations from the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). These designations were the basis for making comparisons between Urban and Rural jurisdictions. Results
show that the relationship between area deprivation and COVID-19 prevalence was positive and higher for rural counties, when compared to urban ones and that family income and poverty had a stronger relationship with prevalence than other ADI component measures.
Though most Americans live in Metropolitan Areas, rural communities were found to be associated with a stronger relationship between deprivation and COVID-19 prevalence. Models for predicting COVID-19 prevalence by ADI and county type reinforced this observation
but revealed no moderating effect of county type on ADI. |
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|
COVID-19 Susceptibility and Severity Risks in a Survey
of Over 500,000 People |
Knight, SpencerC, McCurdy, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
The AncestryDNA COVID-19 Study collected self-reported survey data on symptoms, outcomes, risk factors, and exposures
for over 563,000 adult individuals in the U.S., including over 4,700 COVID-19 cases as measured by a self-reported positive nasal swab test. We observed significant associations between several risk factors and COVID-19 susceptibility and severity outcomes.
We also leveraged the dataset to build risk models to robustly predict individualized COVID-19 susceptibility and severity outcomes including hospitalization and life-threatening critical illness amongst COVID-19 cases. Males and females reported comparable
exposure burden, with males slightly more likely to report a household case of COVID-19 but less likely to report a case of COVID-19 among biological relatives. We observed positive associations between certain health conditions and COVID-19 severity outcomes;
many of these associations remained significant after adjustment for age, sex, and obesity. |
|
COVID-19 pneumonia in an infant with a hemodynamically significant ventricular septal
defect |
Kohli, U, Rosebush, et al |
Cardiol Young |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Reports thus far suggest a mild course for acute COVID-19 infection in children; however, its effects in vulnerable
paediatric populations, including children with haemodynamically significant congenital heart disease, have rarely been reported. We therefore report on a 4-month-old Hispanic male with a moderate sized conoventricular ventricular septal defect and pulmonary
overcirculation who presented with COVID-19-associated pneumonia. |
|
Komatsu, TS, Okimoto, et al |
Sci Rep |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
We performed molecular dynamics simulation of the dimeric SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus
2) main protease (M(pro)) to examine the binding dynamics of small molecular ligands. Seven HIV inhibitors, darunavir, indinavir, lopinavir, nelfinavir, ritonavir, saquinavir, and tipranavir, were used as the potential lead drugs to investigate access to the
drug binding sites in M(pro). The frequently accessed sites on M(pro) were classified based on contacts between the ligands and the protein, and the differences in site distributions of the encounter complex were observed among the ligands. All seven ligands
showed binding to the active site at least twice in 28 simulations of 200 ns each. We further investigated the variations in the complex structure of the active site with the ligands, using microsecond order simulations. Results revealed a wide variation in
the shapes of the binding sites and binding poses of the ligands. Additionally, the C-terminal region of the other chain often interacted with the ligands and the active site. Collectively, these findings indicate the importance of dynamic sampling of protein-ligand
complexes and suggest the possibilities of further drug optimisations. |
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Kriegel, Martin, Buchholz, et al |
medRxiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
In this investigation, models of other researchers with the aim to predict an infection risk for exposed persons in
a room through aerosols emitted by an infectious case-patient were extended. To estimate a 'credible interval' of the predicted infection risk the quanta emission rate, the respiratory rate as well as the air volume flow were varied. In nine out of twelve
outbreaks, the calculated predicted infection risk via aerosols was found to be in the range the attack rate (with the variation of the boundary conditions) and reasons for the observed larger divergence were discussed. The validation was considered successful
and therefore, the use of the model could be recommended to predict the risk of an infection via aerosols in given situations. An infection risk of 60% may result in one infected person in a two-person office, but in 60 infected persons in a room with 100
persons. |
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Kristinsson, B, Kristinsdottir, et al |
Crit Care Med |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
OBJECTIVES: To determine the nationwide demographics and hospital mortality of patients with severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 infection requiring admission to the ICU for coronavirus disease 2019 in Iceland. DESIGN: Prospective observational study. SETTING: All ICUs in Iceland (Landspitali University Hospital and Akureyri Regional Hospital). PATIENTS: All patients
admitted to the ICU for management of coronavirus disease 2019 between March 14, 2020, and April 13, 2020, with follow-up through May 5, 2020. RESULTS: A total of 27 patients were admitted to the ICU for coronavirus disease 2019 out of 1,788 severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 positive cases, rendering an overall admission ratio of 1.5%. The population rate of ICU admission for coronavirus disease 2019 was 7.4 admissions per 100,000 individuals. The hospital mortality of patients admitted to the ICU was 15%,
and the mortality of patients receiving mechanical ventilation was 19%. |
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Kuipers, Jack, Batavia, et al |
bioRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
To systematically examine the intra-patient genetic diversity of SARS-CoV-2, we processed a large cohort of 3939 publicly-available
deeply sequenced genomes with specialised bioinformatics software, along with 749 recently sequenced samples from Switzerland. We found that the distribution of diversity across patients and across genomic loci is very unbalanced with a minority of hosts and
positions accounting for much of the diversity. . We also investigated the impact of several technical and epidemiological parameters on genetic heterogeneity and found that age, which is known to be correlated with poor disease outcomes, is a significant
predictor of viral genetic diversity. |
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Kulchitsky, Vladimir, Zamaro, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Many unexplained pathogenetic mechanisms remain in the problem of coronavirus infection. The analysis of COVID-19 symptoms
and the results of experimental studies carried out in the article made it possible to state several new justifications for development of pathological processes in COVID-19 in addition to respiratory and other functional systems. Pathological processes in
COVID-19 primarily affect nervous and cardiovascular systems leading to inadequate blood supply of organs and tissues. Respiratory, hematopoietic and immune systems are involved in the forming vicious circle with violation of redox processes in the tissues,
the malfunctioning of which fatally helps completing the triumph of COVID-19. |
|
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Kumar, Neha, Kumar, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
Study concludes 38%, 26.3% and 21% of the college student survey respondents as having moderate, severe and extremely
severe depression symptoms respectively. 47.3% students in Delhi/NCR have been experiencing extremely severe anxiety, while 25.7% of the students’ have been experiencing moderate to severe anxiety. The 45.6% of the students has shown moderate symptoms of
stress, whereas, 28.7% has been experiencing severe stress. The depression, anxiety and stress due to COVID-19 has been negatively impacting the life satisfaction of the college students |
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Kutralam-Muniasamy, Gurusamy |
Research Square prepub |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique
Public Health Priorities| Priorités de santé publique |
Assessed air quality and its association with the COVID-19 lockdown by estimating changes observed in air pollutants
(CO, NO2, O3, SO2, PM10 and PM2.5) between the lockdown and pre-lockdown periods. in Mexico City. Concentrations of NO2 (-29%), SO2 (-55%) and PM10 (-11%) declined and the contents of CO (+1.1%), PM2.5 (+19%) and O3 (+63%) increased during the lockdown compared
to the pre-lockdown period. |
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Landry, Shane, Barr, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Infection Prevention and Control/ Prévention et contrôle des infections (IPAC/PCI)
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
This study aimed to assess the degree of viable virus propagated from mask leak in a positive airway pressure (PAP)
circuit and the mitigation of virus propagation by an air filter combined with a plastic canopy. Increasing mask leak was associated with virus contamination in a dose response manner. The highest frequency of viruses was detected on surfaces 1m from the
leak source, however, viable viruses was also recorded up to 3.86m from source. A plastic hood with HEPA filtration significantly reduced viable viruses on all plates. HEPA exchange rates of 170 and 470m3/hr eradicated all evidence of virus contamination. |
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PMC7544695; Survival of Pregnant Coronavirus Patient on Extracorporeal Membrane
Oxygenation |
Larson, SB, Watson, et al |
Ann Thorac Surg |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
A 27-year-old female presented at 23 weeks 6 days gestation that tested positive for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Despite mechanical ventilation and paralysis, she remained hypoxic and was emergently cannulated for veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO). The patient ambulated while intubated and on VV ECMO. She was decannulated and extubated. An ultrasound
demonstrated an appropriately grown fetus without abnormalities. She was discharged to home and gave birth to a healthy baby girl at 39 weeks gestation. Utilizing VV ECMO, this patient and her fetus survived acute hypoxemic respiratory failure due to COVID-19. |
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Lednicky, John, Salemi, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
In February and March, 2020, environmental surface swab samples were collected from the handle of the main entry door
of a major university building in Florida, as part of a pilot surveillance project screening for influenza. Both SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus were detected in the sample collected on February 21, 2020. Based on sequence analysis, the Florida SARS-CoV-2 strain
(designated UF-11) was identical to strains being identified in Washington state during the same time period, while the earliest similar sequences were sampled in China/Hubei between Dec 30th 2019 and Jan 5th 2020. |
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Lee, Cheryl Yi-Pin, Amrun, et al |
bioRxiv |
Immunology | Immunologie |
The emergence of a SARS-CoV-2 variant with a point mutation in the spike (S) protein, D614G, has taken precedence over
the original Wuhan isolate by May 2020. With an increased infection and transmission rate, it is imperative to determine whether antibodies induced against the D614 isolate may cross-neutralize against the G614 variant. In this report, profiling of the anti-SARS-CoV-2
humoral immunity reveals similar neutralization profiles against both S protein variants, albeit waning neutralizing antibody capacity at the later phase of infection. These findings provide further insights towards the validity of current immune-based interventions. |
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Antibody dynamics to SARS-CoV-2 in asymptomatic COVID-19 infections |
Lei, Q, Li, et al |
Allergy |
Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes Immunology
| Immunologie |
Utilizing both NAT and commercial kits for serum IgM and IgG antibodies, we extensively screened 11,766 epidemiologically
suspected individuals on enrollment and 63 asymptomatic individuals were detected and recruited. A combination test of NAT and serological testing for IgM antibody with discovered 55.5% of the total of 63 asymptomatic infections, which significantly raises
the detection sensitivity when compared with the NAT alone (19%). Serum proteome microarray analysis demonstrated that asymptomatics mainly produced IgM and IgG antibodies against S1 and N proteins out of 20 proteins of SARS-CoV-2. Different from strong and
persistent N specific antibodies, S1 specific IgM responses, which evolved in asymptomatic individuals as early as the seventh day after exposure, peaked on days from 17d to 25d, and then disappeared in two months, might be used as an early diagnostic biomarker.
11.8% (6/51) mild patients and 38.1% (24/63) asymptomatic individuals did not produce neutralizing antibody. In particular, neutralizing antibody in asymptomatics gradually vanished in two months. |
|
Leibowitz, J, Krief, et al |
J Pediatr |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Determined features that distinguish febrile young infants with SARS-CoV-2 infection. In all, 124 febrile infants <57
days of age were identified; 38 during the 2-month study period in 2018, 33 in 2019, and 53 in 2020. During 2020, fewer febrile infants had a serious bacterial infection (SBI) or a positive respiratory viral panel (RVP) than in prior years (6% versus 21%;
15% versus 53%, respectively). SARS-CoV-2 was the most frequent pathogen detected in 2020; of 30 infants tested, 20 tested positive. Infants with SARS-CoV-2 were more likely to identify as Hispanic have public insurance or were uninsured, exhibited lethargy,
had feeding difficulties, and had lower white blood cell, neutrophil, and lymphocyte counts than the 81 infants without SARS-CoV-2 infection. None of the infants with SARS-CoV-2 had concurrent SBI or detection of another virus. Overall, disease in infants
with SARS-CoV-2 was mild. |
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Lemey, P, Hong, et al |
Nat Commun |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
Spatiotemporal bias in genome sampling can severely confound discrete trait phylogeographic inference. This has impeded
our ability to accurately track the spread of SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, despite the availability of unprecedented numbers of SARS-CoV-2 genomes. Here, we present an approach to integrate individual travel history data in
Bayesian phylogeographic inference and apply it to the early spread of SARS-CoV-2. We demonstrate that including travel history data yields i) more realistic hypotheses of virus spread and ii) higher posterior predictive accuracy compared to including only
sampling location. We further explore methods to ameliorate the impact of sampling bias by augmenting the phylogeographic analysis with lineages from undersampled locations. Our reconstructions reinforce specific transmission hypotheses suggested by the inclusion
of travel history data, but also suggest alternative routes of virus migration that are plausible within the epidemiological context but are not apparent with current sampling efforts. |
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|
Lepak, AJ, Shirley, et al |
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Infection Prevention and Control/ Prévention et contrôle
des infections (IPAC/PCI) Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
Care of SARS-CoV-2-positive patients in healthcare institutions is challenging because of potential risk of transmission
to other vulnerable patients. We describe infection control measures which were associated with no instances of hospital transmission. Adoption of the infection control bundle described may be helpful to prevent SARS-CoV-2 spread within healthcare institutions. |
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openEHR archetype use and reuse within multilingual clinical data sets:
a case study |
Leslie, H |
J Med Internet Res |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
This study investigated the use and reuse of openEHR archetypes across the seven openEHR templates as an initial investigation
about the reuse of information models across data sets used for a variety of clinical purposes. Analysis of both the number of occurrences of archetypes, and patterns of occurrence, within seven discrete templates was carried out at the archetype, or clinical
concept, level. cross all seven templates collectively, 203 instances of 58 unique archetypes were used. The most frequently used archetype occurred 24 times across four of the seven templates. Total data points per template ranged from 40 to 179. Archetype
instances per template ranged from 10 to 62. Unique archetype occurrences ranged from 10 to 28. Existing archetype reuse of use-case agnostic archetypes ranged from 40% to 90%. Total reuse of use-case agnostic archetypes ranged from 40% to 100%. Investigation
of the amount of archetype reuse across the seven openEHR templates in this initial study has demonstrated significant reuse of archetypes, even across unanticipated, novel modelling challenges and multilingual deployments. While the trigger for the development
of each of these templates was the COVID-19 pandemic, the templates represented a variety of types of data sets - symptom screening; infection report; clinical decision support for diagnosis and treatment; and secondary use/research. The findings support the
openEHR hypothesis that it is possible to create a shared, public library of standards-based, vendor-neutral clinical information models that can be reused across a diverse range of health data sets. |
|
Leulseged, Tigist Workneh, Hassen, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Aim: To estimate time to recovery/convalescence and identify determinants among COVID-19 infected patients admitted
to Millennium COVID-19 Care Center in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted among a randomly selected sample of 360 COVID-19 patients who were on follow up from 2nd June to 5th July 2020. Association between time to recovery/
convalescence and determinants was assessed using the Cox proportional hazard survival model, where hazard ratio, P-value, and 95% CI for hazard ratio were used for testing significance. Results: The Median time to recovery/ convalescence among the study population
was 16 days. The log-rank test shows that having non-mild (moderate and severe) disease, having one or more symptoms at presentation, and presenting with respiratory and constitutional symptoms seems to extend the time needed to achieve recovery. Conclusions:
Presence of symptom was found to be associated with delayed viral clearance. This implies symptomatic patients are more likely to be infectious because of the prolonged viral shedding in addition to the presence of a more concentrated virus in the upper respiratory
tract that enhances the transmission. |
|
|
Li, Rong, Zhou, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
This study aimed to determine the potential functions and molecular mechanism of Vitamin A-exerted effects for clinical
treatment of SARS-CoV-2 patients with hepatocholangiocarcinom (CHOL/SARS-CoV-2). Firstly, the clinical findings identified medical characterizations of CHOL patients with SARS-CoV-2, such as susceptibility gene, prognosis, recurrence, and survival rate. Additionally,
the current data uncovered the candidate/vital biotargets, pharmacological functions/pathways of VA against CHOL/SARS-CoV-2. Attractively, 9 vital therapeutic targets of niacin against CHOL/SARS-CoV-2 were screened and identified. |
|
|
SARS-CoV-2 triggers inflammatory responses and cell death through caspase-8
activation |
Li, S, Zhang, et al |
Signal Transduct Target Ther |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We report that SARS-CoV-2 infection activates caspase-8 to trigger cell apoptosis and inflammatory cytokine processing
in the lung epithelial cells. The processed inflammatory cytokines are released through the virus-induced necroptosis pathway. Virus-induced apoptosis, necroptosis, and inflammation activation were also observed in the lung sections of SARS-CoV-2-infected
HFH4-hACE2 transgenic mouse model, a valid model for studying SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis. Furthermore, analysis of the postmortem lung sections of fatal COVID-19 patients revealed not only apoptosis and necroptosis but also massive inflammatory cell infiltration,
necrotic cell debris, and pulmonary interstitial fibrosis, typical of immune pathogenesis in the lung. The SARS-CoV-2 infection triggered a dual mode of cell death pathways and caspase-8-dependent inflammatory responses may lead to the lung damage in the COVID-19
patients. These discoveries might assist the development of therapeutic strategies to treat COVID-19. |
|
High outpatient attendance during COVID-19 lockdown when patients were
given the option to return |
Li, WS, Heng, et al |
Mov Disord |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
This study aimed to understand the circumstances of outpatient visits during the COVID-19 lockdown to facilitate the
development of a more comprehensive virtual assessment tool. Between February and May 2020, a total of 550 MD patients were contacted via telephone to postpone their appointments due to the evolving COVID-19 situation. They were given options: either face-to-face
consultations or virtual assessments at a later date. A total of 388/550 patients (70.5%) still turned up for their scheduled outpatient visits during the lockdown period despite given the option not to return. Our study highlights a surprisingly high outpatient
attendance during COVID-19 lockdown despite efforts to convince patients to delay their appointments or for telemedicine. |
|
Li, X, Liu, et al |
J Med Internet Res |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
In this study, authors aimed to explore the predictive role of social media use on public preventive behaviors in China
during the COVID-19 pandemic and how disease knowledge and eHealth literacy moderated the relationship between social media use and preventive behaviors. Social media is an effective tool to promote behaviors to prevent COVID-19 among the public. |
|
|
Li, Xiaohe, Shen, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Based on the analysis of laboratory and clinical data from hospitalized COVID-19 patients (n=462), authors conclude
long-term pulmonary fibrosis was more likely to develop in patients with older age, high BMI, severe/critical condition, fever, long time to turn the viral RNA negative, pre-existing disease and delay to admission. Fibrosis in COVID-19 patients could be reversed
in about a half of the patients after 120 days from onset. The pulmonary function of most of COVID-19 patients with pulmonary fibrosis could turn to normal condition after three months from onset. |
|
|
Liang, Shaoheng, Dou, et al |
bioRxiv |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
Clustering and visualization are essential parts of single-cell gene expression data analysis. The Euclidean distance
used in most distance-based methods is not optimal. Batch effect, i.e., the variability among samples gathered from different times, tissues, and patients, introduces large between-group distance and obscures the true identities of cells. To solve this problem,
we introduce Batch-Corrected Distance (BCD), a metric using temporal/spatial locality of the batch effect to control for such factors. We validate BCD on a simulated data as well as applied it to a mouse retina development dataset and a lung dataset. We also
found the utility of our approach in understanding the progression of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). BCD achieves more accurate clusters and better visualizations than state-of-the-art batch correction methods on longitudinal datasets. BCD can be
directly integrated with most clustering and visualization methods to enable more scientific findings. |
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Liang, Y, Li, et al |
Zool Res |
Immunology | Immunologie Animal model | Modèle animal |
Normal adult mice are not susceptible to SARS-CoV-2. We developed a viral receptor (human angiotensin-converting enzyme
2, hACE2) pulmonary transfection mouse model to rapidly establish SARS-CoV-2 infection in the mouse lung. Based on the model, the virus successfully infected the mouse lung after 2 days of transfection. Viral RNA/protein, innate immune cell infiltration, inflammatory
cytokine expression, and pathological changes in the infected lung were observed after infection. Further studies indicated that neutrophils were the first and most abundant leukocytes that infiltrated the infected lung soon after viral infection. In addition,
using infected CXCL5-knockout mice, the chemokine CXCL5 was found to be responsible for neutrophil recruitment. CXCL5 knockout decreased lung inflammation without diminishing viral clearance, suggesting a potential target for controlling pneumonia. |
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The foreshadow of a second wave: An analysis of current COVID-19 fatalities in Germany |
Linden, Matthias, Dehning, et al |
arXiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health
interventions*| Interventions de santé publique |
Over the past three months in Germany, the reported cases increased by a factor five or more, whereas the death counts
hardly grew. This discrepancy fueled speculations that the rise of reported cases would not reflect a second wave but only wider testing. We find that this apparent discrepancy can be explained to a large extent by the age structure of the infected, and predict
a pronounced increase of death counts in the near future, as the spread once again expands into older age groups. |
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Ling, P, Luo, et al |
J Diabetes |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
This study aimed to explore the association of HbA1c and the outcome of COVID-19 and determine the optimal glucose
level during the early stage of hospitalization among patients with pre-existing diabetes in a cohort of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients in China. This was a multicentre observational study. Data of hospitalized, laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients
were obtained from 21 designated hospitals in 14 cities in Anhui, China, between January 22 to April 16, 2020. Epidemiological and clinical data of these patients were collected from medical records. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) was measured at fasting
status in the morning. Postprandial blood glucose (PBG) were measured two hours after a meal. A total of 702 COVID-19 patients were included in this study. Among them, 51(7.26%) had pre-existing diabetes, all of them were T2D. Compared with patients without
diabetes (Table), those with diabetes were more likely to progress to severe illness (45.10% vs 8.91%, relative risk [RR] 5.06, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.43-7.48) and to be admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) (31.37% vs. 3.99%, RR 7.86,
95% CI 4.52-13.67). We found that better FBG within the first week of admission were significantly associated with the reduced risk of progression to severe illness. |
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Liu, L, Wei, et al |
J Diabetes Investig |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
AIM: This study aimed to explore the association between glycemic control prior to admission with severity and mortality
of COVID-19, and tried to reveal the mechanism. METHODS: 77 inpatients were grouped into sufficient control group (HbA1c<6.5%, n=49) and insufficient control group (HbA1c ≥ 6.5%, n=28). Regression models were used to analyze the clinical data. RESULTS: Compared
with patients with HbA1C < 6.5, patients with HbA1C ≥ 6.5 showed higher heart rate (101 vs. 89 beats per min, P=0.012), lower percutaneous oxygen saturation (93% vs. 97%, P=0.001), higher levels of multiple indicators of inflammation, such as white blood cell
count (7.9 vs. 5.9 ×10⁹/L, P=0.019), neutrophil count (6.5 vs. 4.1 ×10⁹/L, P=0.001), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (52 vs. 30 mg/L, P=0.025), and serum ferritin (1287 vs. 716 μg/L, P=0.023), as well as lower level of lymphocyte count (0.7 vs. 0.8 ×10⁹/L
P=0.049) at hospital admission. Thus, patients with HbA1C ≥ 6.5 were more likely to develop secondary respiratory infections (25 89%] vs. 33 67%], P=0.032) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (17 61%] vs. 14 29%], P=0.006) than patients with HbA1C
< 6.5, resulting in a higher proportion of critically ill cases (19 68%] vs. 18 37%], P=0.009) and non-survivors (13 46%] vs. 11 22%], P=0.029). After adjustment for potential risk factors, HbA1C was independently associated with in-hospital death. CONCLUSION:
HbA1c was an independent risk factor for poor outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Severe pulmonary infection and consequent ARDS might be the primary causes of death in insufficient glycemic control patients. |
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Liu, X, Zhou, et al |
Infection |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
The purpose of this case report is to help clinicians by improving the understanding of COVID-19, particularly in lactating
patients. We report the first confirmed case of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in a lactating patient in Chizhou, Anhui Province, China. The lactating patient presented with intermittent fever for 16 days and cough for 10 days. Given her travel history
to the epidemic area and the chest CT scan results, the patient was immediately admitted to the isolation ward of the Infectious Disease Department and breastfeeding was discontinued. Pharyngeal swab specimens tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, previously known as 2019-nCoV) in nucleic acid testing. During hospitalization, she also experienced bilateral breast tenderness. After active treatment, the patient ultimately achieved remission and was discharged from the hospital.
The management of mother-child interactions and breastfeeding in women with COVID-19 is a difficult problem. |
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Liu, Xiao Fan, Xu, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We provide a complete and updating hand-coded line-list dataset containing detailed information of the cases in China
and outside the epicenter Hubei Province. The data are extracted from public disclosures by local health authorities, starting from January 19. This dataset contains by far the richest features for the characterization of COVID-19’s epidemiological properties,
including individual cases’ demographic information, travel history, potential virus exposure scenario, contacts with known infections, and timelines of symptom onset, quarantine, infection confirmation, and hospitalization. |
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Liu, Xiao Fan, Xu, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We provide a complete and updating hand-coded line-list dataset containing detailed information of the cases in China
and outside the epicenter Hubei Province. The data are extracted from public disclosures by local health authorities, starting from January 19. This dataset contains by far the richest features for the characterization of COVID-19’s epidemiological properties,
including individual cases’ demographic information, travel history, potential virus exposure scenario, contacts with known infections, and timelines of symptom onset, quarantine, infection confirmation, and hospitalization. |
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Liu, Xiao Fan, Xu, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We provide a complete and updating hand-coded line-list dataset containing detailed information of the cases in China
and outside the epicenter Hubei Province. The data are extracted from public disclosures by local health authorities, starting from January 19. This dataset contains by far the richest features for the characterization of COVID-19’s epidemiological properties,
including individual cases’ demographic information, travel history, potential virus exposure scenario, contacts with known infections, and timelines of symptom onset, quarantine, infection confirmation, and hospitalization. |
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Clinical efficacy of corticosteroids in the early stage of worsening of
COVID-19 pneumonia |
Liu, Zheng, Wang, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Described a case of COVID-19 with the clinical characteristics of the mild-symptomatic stage deteriorating to a critically
ill state, who showed dramatic improvement with corticosteroids in the early stage of worsening of COVID-19 pneumonia. |
|
Low, DM, Rumker, et al |
J Med Internet Res |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
The aim of this study is to leverage natural language processing (NLP) with the goal of characterizing changes in 15
of the world's largest mental health support groups found on the website Reddit, along with 11 non-mental health groups during the initial stage of the pandemic. By using a broad set of NLP techniques and analyzing a baseline of prepandemic posts, authors
uncovered patterns of how specific mental health problems manifest in language, identified at-risk users, and revealed the distribution of concerns across Reddit, which could help provide better resources to its millions of users. |
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Luan, Binquan, Huynh, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
Among the various protein targets of SARS-CoV-2 virus, the main protease (Mpro) has attracted most interests. Results
suggest that B19 (by merging three fragments JFM, U0P and HWH) can potentially be an efficacious drug molecule for inhibiting Mpro of SARS-CoV-2. |
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Luo, Tianyi, Cao, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Transmission |
This study involved a SEINRHD epidemic propagation model, constructed based on epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19
in China. Impact of asymptomatic cases on epidemic propagation was examined. Asymptomatic case tracking appears to have significant effect on epidemic progression, whereby tracking 75% of asymptomatic cases corresponds to an overall reduction in new cases
of 34.3%. Family transmission is higher than other types of transmission, accounting for an estimated 50% of all new cases. |
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Lyng, GregoryD, Sheils, et al |
medRxiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health
interventions*| Interventions de santé publique |
We model various combinations of key variables to identify and compare a range of effective and practical surveillance
strategies for schools and businesses. Methods: We coupled a simulated data set incorporating actual community prevalence and test performance characteristics to a susceptible, infectious, removed (SIR) compartmental model, modeling the impact of base and
tunable variables including test sensitivity, testing frequency, results lag, sample pooling, disease prevalence, externally-acquired infections, and test cost on outcomes case reduction. Results: Increasing testing frequency was associated with a non-linear
positive effect on cases averted over 100 days. While precise reductions in cumulative number of infections depended on community disease prevalence, testing every 3 days versus every 14 days (even with a lower sensitivity test) reduces the disease burden
substantially. |
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Ma, C, Wang, et al |
Emerg Radiol |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
PURPOSE: To identify and quantify lung changes associated with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) with quantitative
lung CT during the disease. METHODS: This retrospective study reviewed COVID-19 patients who underwent multiple chest CT scans during their disease course. Quantitative lung CT was used to determine the nature and volume of lung involvement. A semi-quantitative
scoring system was also used to evaluate lung lesions. RESULTS: This study included eighteen cases (4 cases in mild type, 10 cases in moderate type, 4 cases in severe type, and without critical type cases) with confirmed COVID-19. Patients had a mean hospitalized
period of 24.1 ± 7.1 days (range: 14-38 days) and underwent an average CT scans of 3.9 ± 1.6 (range: 2-8). The total volumes of lung abnormalities reached a peak of 8.8 ± 4.1 days (range: 2-14 days). The ground-glass opacity (GGO) volume percentage was higher
than the consolidative opacity (CO) volume percentage on the first CT examination (Z = 2.229, P = 0.026), and there was no significant difference between the GGO volume percentage and that of CO at the peak stage (Z = - 0.628, P = 0.53). The volume percentage
of lung involvement identified by AI demonstrated a strong correlation with the total CT scores at each stage (r = 0.873, P = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Quantitative lung CT can automatically identify the nature of lung involvement and quantify the dynamic changes
of lung lesions on CT during COVID-19. For patients who recovered from COVID-19, GGO was the predominant imaging feature on the initial CT scan, while GGO and CO were the main appearances at peak stage. |
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Ma, J, Nie, et al |
Phys Med Biol |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection
d'agents pathogènes |
An active contour regularized semi-supervised learning framework is proposed to automatically segment infections with
few labelled images. The active contour regularization is realized by the region-scalable fitting (RSF) model which is embedded to the loss function of the network to regularize and refine the pseudo labels of the unlabelled images. We further design a splitting
method to separately optimize the RSF regularization term and the segmentation loss term with convolution-thresholding method (ICTM) and stochastic gradient descent, respectively, which enable fast optimization of each term. Furthermore, we build a statistical
atlas to show the infection spatial distribution. Extensive experiments on a small public dataset and a large scale dataset show that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art methods with up to 5\% in DSC and NSD, 10\% in RAVD and $8mm$ in 95\% HD.
Moreover, we observe that the infections tend to occur at the dorsal subpleural lung and posterior basal segments that are not mentioned in current radiology reports and are meaningful to advance our understanding of COVID-19. |
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Acute
aortic dissection in a patient with Williams syndrome infected by COVID-19 |
Mamishi, S, Navaeian, et al |
Cardiol Young |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Cardiovascular involvement in COVID-19 has different features. Here we report the ominous fate of a neglected adolescent
with Williams syndrome that was infected by SARS-CoV-2 and ended by acute aortic dissection. |
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Variability of Salivary and Nasal Specimens for SARS-CoV-2
Detection |
Manabe, YukariC, Reuland, et al |
medRxiv |
Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes |
In a large cohort of ambulatory confirmed COVID-19 patients with multiple self-collected sample time points, we compared
202 matched nasal-oropharyngeal swabs and oral salivary fluid sample pairs by RT-PCR. Nasal-oropharyngeal swabs were more sensitive than this salivary sample type (oral crevicular fluid) suggesting that not all saliva sample types have equivalent sensitivity.
However, all samples that were Vero E6-TMPRSS2 cell culture positive (e.g., infectious virus) were also oral fluid RT-PCR positive suggesting that oral fluid may find the patients most likely to transmit disease to others. |
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Manz, WJ, Goel, et al |
Foot Ankle Int |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
The purpose of this study was to assess patient-reported outcomes of telemedicine encounters, including comfort and
patient satisfaction. Our hypothesis was that patients would be significantly less satisfied with telemedicine when compared with in-office appointments for all nonemergency visit types. Telemedicine satisfaction was assessed via phone survey with a modified
1 to 5 Likert scale. Patients who had completed a telemedicine visit between April 13, 2020, and June 19, 2020, were eligible to participate. Patient demographics were recorded, and data were analyzed using paired and independent t tests for parametric continuous
data and Fisher's exact and chi-square tests for noncontinuous data. A total of 216 patients completed the telemedicine questionnaire. The overall mean satisfaction for telemedicine visits (4.7) was significantly lower than that for in-office visits (4.9)
(P < .001). However, the majority (90.3%) of patients reported they would use telemedicine again in the future. When compared, patients seeking fracture care had significantly higher telemedicine satisfaction (4.9, n = 38) than those receiving nonfracture
care (4.6, n = 178) (P = .001), and those greater than 50 miles from the clinic had higher satisfaction (5.0, n = 14) than patients living within 50 miles of the clinic (4.7, n = 202) (P < .001). Patients were more satisfied with their in-office clinic visit
than telemedicine, although the vast majority of patients endorsed a willingness to utilize telemedicine in the future. Patients with trauma and greater barriers to foot and ankle care were more satisfied with their telemedicine visits. |
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Maru, Endalkachew Hailu, Leulseged, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
The study aimed to assess the determinants of death in Severe COVID-19 patients admitted to Millennium COVID-19 Care
Center in Ethiopia. Having diabetes mellitus (AOR= 3.257, 95% CI= 1.348, 7.867, p-value=0.00), fever (AOR=0.328, 95% CI: 0.123, 0.878, p-value= 0.027) and Shortness of breath (AOR= 4.034, 95% CI= 1.481, 10.988, p-value=0.006) were found to be significant predictors
of death in Severe COVID-19 patients. |
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Masana, M, Martinez, et al |
Vasc Endovascular Surg |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, increasing evidence suggests that infected patients present a high incidence
of thrombotic complications. We report a 67-year-old-woman admitted for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Chest CT images showed bilateral ground glass opacities, bilateral pulmonary embolism, right ventricular clot in transit and
2 thoracic aortic mural thrombus. Therapy was initiated with subcutaneous low-molecular-weight heparin, and the patient was discharged at 20 days asymptomatic. Complete resolution of the aortic thrombus was observed in a 1-month surveillance CT angiogram.
Our case illustrates vascular complications in a COVID-19 patient and its effective treatment with anticoagulation. |
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Mason, ClaireY, Kanitkar, et al |
medRxiv |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We used community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) as a benchmark to define the processes that occur in a bacterial pulmonary
infection, and tested the hypothesis that baseline inflammatory markers and their response to antibiotic therapy could distinguish CAP from COVID-19. On admission all CAP and >90% COVID-19 patients received antibiotics. We identified 106 CAP and 619 COVID-19
patients at RFH. CAP was characterised by elevated white cell count (WCC) and C-reactive protein (CRP) compared to COVID-19 (median WCC 12.48 (IQR 8.2-15.3) vs 6.78 (IQR 5.2-9.5) x106 cells/ml and median CRP CRP 133.5 (IQR 65-221) vs 86 (IQR 42-160) mg/L).
Blood samples collected 48-72 hours into admission revealed decreasing CRP in CAP but not COVID-19 (CRP difference -33 (IQR -112 to +3.5) vs +15 (IQR -15 to +70) mg/L respectively). In the independent validation cohort (BH) consisting of 169 CAP and 181 COVID-19
patients, admission WCC >8.2x106 cells/ml or falling CRP during admission identified 95% of CAP cases, and predicted the absence of bacterial co-infection in 45% of COVID-19 patients. |
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Mastroianni, F, Leisman, et al |
J Intensive Care Med |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Authors conducted a retrospective cohort study of all solid-organ transplant recipients admitted with a diagnosis of
COVID-19. In solid-organ transplant recipients with COVID-19, initial CRP and N/L ratio were associated with need for mechanical ventilation. |
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Mathew, T, S, et al |
Int J Stroke |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
This study aims to describe the the clinical profile, neuroimaging findings, interventions and outcomes in a cohort
of 62 COVID-19 related strokes (CORS) patients from 13 hospitals, from Bangalore city, south India. Multicenter retrospective study of all CORS patients from 13 hospitals from south India from 1st June 2020 to 31st August 2020.Demographic, clinical, laboratory
and neuroimaging data were collected along with treatment administered and outcomes. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed in all cases by RT- PCR testing. The data obtained from the case records were entered in SPSS 25 for statistical analysis. During the 3-month
period we had 62 CORS patients, across 13 centers. 60 (97%) had ischemic strokes while 2 (3%) had hemorrhagic strokes. The mean age of patients was 55.66 ±13.20 years, with 34 (77.4%) males. 26 % (16/62) of patients did not have any conventional risk factors
for stroke. Diabetes Mellitus was seen in 54.8%, hypertension was present in 61.3%, coronary artery disease in 8% and atrial fibrillation in 4.8%. Base line NIHSS score was 12.7 ±6.44. Stroke severity was moderate (NIHSS 5-15) in 27 (61.3%) patients, moderate
to severe (NIHSS 16-20) in 13 (20.9%) patients and severe (NIHSS 21-42) in 11(17.7%) patients. According to TOAST classification for ischemic strokes, 48.3% was stroke of undetermined etiology, 36.6% had large artery atherosclerosis, 10% had small vessel occlusion
and 5% had cardioembolic strokes. 3 (5%) received intravenous thrombolysis with tenecteplase 0.2 mg/Kg and 3 (5%) underwent mechanical thrombectomy two endovascular and one surgical. Duration of hospital stay was 16.16± 6.39 days. 16% (13/62) died in hospital,
while 37 (59.7%) had a mRS of 3-5 at discharge. Hypertension, atrial fibrillation and higher baseline NIHSS scores were associated with increased mortality. A comparison to 111 historical controls during the non COVID period showed a higher proportion of strokes
of undetermined etiology, higher mortality and higher morbidity in CORS patients. CORS are increasing being recognized in developing countries like India. Stroke of undetermined etiology appears to be the most common TOAST subtype of CORS. |
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Maxfield, M, Pituch, et al |
Aging Ment Health |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
We assessed whether COVID-19 worry was related to indicators of mental health and preparedness for future care, in
an adult lifespan sample. An online study (n = 485; age 18-82, M = 49.31, SD = 15.39) included measures of COVID-19 worry, depression, general anxiety, health anxiety, hostile and benevolent ageism, preparedness for future care, and demographic information.
Age and living alone were positively associated with greater COVID-19 worry, as were health anxiety, general anxiety, benevolent ageism, and preparedness for future care needs via gathering information. A significant interaction indicated that among individuals
reporting lower health anxiety, greater preference for gathering information was positively associated with greater COVID-19 worry; however, for individuals having high health anxiety, gathering information about future care was not related to COVID-19 worry,
as their COVID-19 worry levels were moderately high. Older age was associated with greater COVID-19 worry, perhaps in response to the much publicized greater risk for negative outcomes in this population. |
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McElvaney, OJ, Hobbs, et al |
EBioMedicine |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
Prognostic tools are required to guide clinical decision-making in COVID-19. We studied the relationship between the
ratio of interleukin (IL)-6 to IL-10 and clinical outcome in 80 patients hospitalized for COVID-19, and created a simple 5-point linear score predictor of clinical outcome, the Dublin-Boston score. Clinical outcome was analysed as a three-level ordinal variable
("Improved", "Unchanged", or "Declined"). For both IL-6:IL-10 ratio and IL-6 alone, we associated clinical outcome with a) baseline biomarker levels, b) change in biomarker level from day 0 to day 2, c) change in biomarker from day 0 to day 4, and d) slope
of biomarker change throughout the study. The associations between ordinal clinical outcome and each of the different predictors were performed with proportional odds logistic regression. Associations were run both "unadjusted" and adjusted for age and sex.
Nested cross-validation was used to identify the model for incorporation into the Dublin-Boston score. The 4-day change in IL-6:IL-10 ratio was chosen to derive the Dublin-Boston score. Each 1 point increase in the score was associated with a 5.6 times increased
odds for a more severe outcome (OR 5.62, 95% CI -3.22-9.81, P = 1.2 × 10(-9)). Both the Dublin-Boston score and the 4-day change in IL-6:IL-10 significantly outperformed IL-6 alone in predicting clinical outcome at day 7. The Dublin-Boston score is easily
calculated and can be applied to a spectrum of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. |
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Age-targeted dose allocation can halve COVID-19 vaccine
requirements |
Meehan, MichaelT, Cocks, et al |
medRxiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Public health interventions*| Interventions
de santé publique |
In anticipation of COVID-19 vaccine deployment, we use an age-structured mathematical model to investigate the benefits
of optimizing age-specific dose allocation to suppress SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Across 179 countries, we find that the highest priority individuals are typically those between 30 and 59 years of age because of their high contact rates and higher risk of infection
and disease. We reaffirm that vaccination alone may be insufficient to achieve herd immunity in some settings, and that additional intervention measures may be required. Nevertheless, we show that optimizing the allocation of vaccine doses can more than double
their effectiveness. |
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Validation and clinical evaluation of a SARS-CoV-2 Surrogate Virus Neutralisation
Test (sVNT) |
Meyer, B, Reimerink, et al |
Emerg Microbes Infect |
Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes |
A new surrogate virus neutralisation test (sVNT) was described that uses the principle of an ELISA to measure the neutralisation
capacity of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies directed against the receptor binding domain. Here, we performed an independent evaluation of the robustness, specificity and sensitivity on an extensive panel of sera from 269 PCR-confirmed COVID-19 cases and 259 unmatched
samples collected before 2020 and compared it to cell-based neutralisation assays. We found a high specificity of 99.2 (95% CI: 96.9-99.9) and overall sensitivity of 80.3 (95% CI: 74.9-84.8) for the sVNT. Clinical sensitivity increased between early (14 dpos/dpd)
from 75.0 (64.7-83.2) to 83.1 (76.5-88.1). Also, higher severity was associated with an increase in clinical sensitivity. Upon comparison with cell-based neutralisation assays we determined an analytical sensitivity of 74.3 (56.4-86.9) and 98.2 (89.4-99.9)
for titres ≥10 to <40 and ≥40 to <160, respectively. Only samples with a titre ≥160 were always positive in the sVNT. In conclusion, the sVNT can be used as an additional assay to determine the immune status of COVID-19 infected of vaccinated individuals but
its value needs to be assessed for each specific context. |
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Michelson, KA, Rees, et al |
Clin Infect Dis |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins
de santé |
BACKGROUND: Hospital inpatient and intensive care unit (ICU) bed shortfalls may arise due to regional surges in volume.
We sought to determine how inter-region transfers could alleviate bed shortfalls during a pandemic. METHODS: We used estimates of past and projected inpatient and ICU cases of COVID-19 from February 4, 2020 to October 1, 2020. For regions with bed shortfalls
(where the number of patients exceeded bed capacity), transfers to the nearest region with unused beds were simulated using an algorithm that minimized total inter-region transfer distances across the U.S. Model scenarios used a range of predicted COVID-19
volumes (lower, mean, and upper bounds) and non-COVID-19 volumes (20%, 50%, or 80% of baseline hospital volumes). Scenarios were created for each day of data, and worst-case scenarios were created treating all regions' peak volumes as simultaneous. Mean per-patient
transfer distances were calculated by scenario. RESULTS: For the worst-case scenarios, national bed shortfalls ranged from 669 to 58,562 inpatient beds and 3,208 to 31,190 ICU beds, depending on model volume parameters. Mean transfer distances to alleviate
daily bed shortfalls ranged from 23 to 352 miles for inpatient and 28 to 423 miles for ICU patients, depending on volume. Under all worst-case scenarios except the highest-volume ICU scenario, inter-regional transfers could fully resolve bed shortfalls. To
do so, mean transfer distances would be 24 to 405 miles for inpatients and 73 to 476 miles for ICU patients. CONCLUSIONS: Inter-region transfers could mitigate regional bed shortfalls during pandemic hospital surges. |
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Moise, IK |
Prev Chronic Dis |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
Miami-Dade County zip code-level (N = 91 zip codes) coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases (N = 89,556 as of July
21, 2020) reported from the Florida Department of Health were used to estimate rates of COVID-19 per 1,000 population at the census block group level (N = 1,594 study block groups). To identify associations between rates of COVID-19 infections and multidimensional
indexes of social determinants of health (SDOH) across Miami-Dade County, Florida, I applied a global model (ordinary least squares) and a local regression model (geographically weighted regression). Findings indicated that a social disadvantage index positively
affected COVID-19 infection rates, whereas a socioeconomic status and opportunity index and a convergence of vulnerability index had an inverse but significant connection to COVID-19 infection rates over the study area. Rates of COVID-19 infections were localized
to specific geographic areas and ranged from 0 to 60.75 per 1,000 population per square mile. |
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What Factors Can Help COVID-19 Patients to Recover Quickly in
Pakistan? |
Muhammad, Irfan, Akram, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
The research paper uncovers the socioeconomic factors which are associated with the recovery of coronavirus in Pakistan.
Using a self-designed questionnaire, we collected the data from 170 corona recovered patients and applied Multiple linear regression to predict the effect of socioeconomic factors. The paper finds that older patients take longer to recover. In addition, patients
who live in urban areas recover earlier than those who live in rural areas, patients who smoke take longer to recover than those who do not smoke, and obese people take longer than those who have a normal body mass index. Surprisingly, income, gender, and
education remain insignificant in relation to the recovery days. |
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Muhseen, ZT, Hameed, et al |
J Mol Liq |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
In this paper, computational approaches were employed, especially the structure-based virtual screening followed by
molecular dynamics (MD) simulation as well as binding energy analysis for the computational identification of specific terpenes from the medicinal plants, which can block SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD binding to Human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (H-ACE2) and can act
as potent anti-COVID-19 drugs after further advancements. The screening of focused terpenes inhibitors database composed of ~1000 compounds with reported therapeutic potential resulted in the identification of three candidate compounds, NPACT01552, NPACT01557
and NPACT00631. These three compounds established conserved interactions, which were further explored through all-atom MD simulations, free energy calculations, and a residual energy contribution estimated by MM-PB(GB)SA method. All these compounds showed
stable conformation and interacted well with the hot-spot residues of SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD. Conclusively, the reported SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD specific terpenes could serve as seeds for developing potent anti-COVID-19 drugs. Importantly, the experimentally tested glycyrrhizin
(NPACT00631) against SARS-CoV could be used further in the fast-track drug development process to help curb COVID-19. |
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Reinfection of SARS-CoV-2 in an immunocompromised
patient: a case report |
Mulder, M, van der Vegt, et al |
Clin Infect Dis |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
This case report describes SARS-CoV-2 reinfecion in an 89-year old Dutch immunocompromised woman. The patient experienced
a more severe second episode and passed away. |
|
Contact Tracing & Super-Spreaders in the Branching-Process Model |
Müller, Johannes, Hösel, et al |
arXiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health
interventions*| Interventions de santé publique |
We investigate a novel model for super-spreader events, not based on the contact structure but on a random contact
rate: Many individuals become infected synchronously in single contact events. We use the branching-process approach for contact tracing to analyze the impact of super-spreader events on the effect of contact tracing. Roughly speaking, we find that contact
tracing is more efficient in the presence of super-spreaders if the fraction of symptomatics is small, the tracing probability is high, or the latency period is distinctively larger than the incubation period. |
|
Munawar, K, Sugi, et al |
Curr Probl Diagn Radiol |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
We used Google Alerts, a content change detection and notification service, to prospectively analyze new radiology-related
content appearing on the internet. An automated notification was created on Google Alerts for the search term "radiology," sending the user emails with up to 3 new links daily. All links from November 2019 through April 2020 were assessed by 2 of 3 independent
raters using a coding system to classify the content source and primary topic of discussion. The top 5 primary topics were retrospectively evaluated to identify prevalent subcategories. Content viewing restrictions were documented. 526 links were accessed.
The majority (68%) of links were created by non-radiology lay press, followed by radiology-related lay press (28%), university-based publications (2%), and professional society websites (2%). The primary topic of these links most frequently related to market
trends (28%), promotional material (20%), COVID-19 (13%), artificial intelligence (8%), and new technology or equipment (5%). 15% of links discussed a topic sourced from another article, such as a peer-reviewed journal, though only 2 linked directly to the
journal itself. 8% of links had content viewing restrictions. New radiology content was largely disseminated via non-radiology news sources; radiologists should therefore ensure their research and viewpoints are presented in these outlets. |
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Munblit, D, Nekliudov, et al |
Clin Infect Dis |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
The epidemiology, clinical course, and outcomes of COVID-19 patients in the Russian population are unknown. Information
on the differences between laboratory-confirmed and clinically-diagnosed COVID-19 in real-life settings is lacking. We extracted data from the medical records of adult patients who were consecutively admitted for suspected COVID-19 infection in Moscow, between
April 8 and May 28, 2020. Of the 4261 patients hospitalised for suspected COVID-19, outcomes were available for 3480 patients (median age 56 years (interquartile range 45-66). The commonest comorbidities were hypertension, obesity, chronic cardiac disease
and diabetes. Half of the patients (n=1728) had a positive RT-PCR while 1748 were negative on RT-PCR but had clinical symptoms and characteristic CT signs suggestive of COVID-19 infection. No significant differences in frequency of symptoms, laboratory test
results and risk factors for in-hospital mortality were found between those exclusively clinically diagnosed or with positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR.In a multivariable logistic regression model the following were associated with in-hospital mortality; older age
(per 1 year increase) odds ratio OR] 1.05 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03 - 1.06); male sex (OR 1.71, 1.24 - 2.37); chronic kidney disease (OR 2.99, 1.89 - 4.64); diabetes (OR 2.1, 1.46 - 2.99); chronic cardiac disease (OR 1.78, 1.24 - 2.57) and dementia
(OR 2.73, 1.34 - 5.47). Age, male sex, and chronic comorbidities were risk factors for in-hospital mortality. |
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Murewanhema, Grant, Burukai, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
Describe the epidemiological trends of COVID-19 in Zimbabwe from when the first case was confirmed to June 2020. among
the confirmed COVID-19 cases (n=567), 82% were returning residents and 18% were due to local transmission. The testing was heavily skewed towards returnees despite a comprehensive testing strategy. Of the confirmed cases 142 were reported to have recovered. |
|
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Interferon-gamma release assay for accurate
detection of SARS-CoV-2 T cell response |
Murugesan, K, Jagannathan, et al |
Clin Infect Dis |
Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes |
We investigated feasibility and accuracy of an interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) for detection of T cell responses
to SARS-CoV-2. Whole blood IGRA accurately distinguished between convalescents and uninfected healthy blood donors with a predominantly CD4+ T cell response. SARS-CoV-2 IGRA may serve as a useful diagnostic tool in managing the COVID-19 pandemic. |
|
Nagant, C, Ponthieux, et al |
Int J Infect Dis |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
This study aimed to explore cytokine profile in patients related to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity and
to establish a predictive cytokine score to discriminate severe from non-severe cases and provide a prognosis parameter for patients that will require intensive care unit (ICU) transfer. Serum samples of 63 patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection were
collected early after hospital admission (day 0-3). Patients were categorized in five groups based on the clinical presentation, the PaO2/FiO2 ratio and the requirement of mechanical ventilation. Three cytokines, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 were markedly higher in
severe forms (n = 44) than in non-severe forms (n = 19) (p < 0.005). A score combining levels of these three cytokines (IL-6*IL-8*IL-10) had the highest performance to predict severity: sensitivity of 86.4% (95% CI, 72.4-94.8) and specificity of 94.7% (95%
CI, 74.0-99.9) for a cutoff value of 2068 pg/mL. Elevated levels of IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 were also found in critically ill patients. The combination of IL-6*IL-10 serum levels allowed the highest predictability for ICU transfer: AUC of 0.898 (p < 0.0001).
The combinatorial IL-6*IL-8*IL-10 score at presentation was highly predictive of the progression to a severe form of the disease and could contribute to improve patients triage and to adapt therapeutic strategy within clinical trials more accurately and efficiently. |
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A Multiclass, Multiproduct COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma Donor
Equilibrium Model |
Nagurney, Anna, Dutta, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Public Health response| Interventions
de santé publique |
In this paper, we develop a multiclass, multiproduct equilibrium model for convalescent plasma donations in the COVID-19
pandemic. The potential donors are situated at different locations and the donor population at each location can be separated into different classes based on their motivation and the product for which they provide donations at a collection site. The model
captures the competition between nonprofit and for profit organizations seeking convalescent plasma donations, which is a characteristic of this new market. |
|
[Age-related D-dimer elevation and occasional lethality
in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients] |
Nagy, Z, Vásárhelyi, et al |
Orv Hetil |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
D-dimer is a potential marker for deadly progression of COVID-19 disease. Evaluation of international observations
involving Hungarian patients, and establishing the D-dimer level elevation as a positive predictive marker for case fatality. The authors analyzed the data of 51 patients positive for SARS-CoV-2 confirmed by RT-PCR in a retrospective study. Biostatistical
methods used: binary logistic regression. Evaluated parameters: medians between deaths and survivors, odds ratio calculation between deaths and survivors. Of the 51 patients 13 died within 2 weeks of hospitalization. We found that the traditional D-dimer positivity
determined at a cut-off value of 0.5 µg/ml FEU had low predictive value for lethality (0.36). Using the predictive value, the age-standardized D-dimer cut-off value, the odds ratio increased. When the raw concentration values were compared between the survival
and non-survival group, there were sharp differences. The median value at survival was 0.65 µg/ml FEU, otherwise the concerned median at lethality was 2.21 (p = 0.001). We also examined if the D-dimer reached or exceeded 4 times the cut-off, furthermore, what
the risk was for case fatality. Logistic regression coefficient was 1.64 (p = 0,00183); odds ratio = 5.17 (CI 95% = 1.32–20.22). Another option was to compare the |
|
Namikawa, Hiroki, Tochino, et al |
medRxiv |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
This study aimed to investigate the occupational risk among HCWs of experiencing physical symptoms during the current
COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A twice-weekly questionnaire targeting HCWs who care for COVID-19 patients was performed at Osaka City University Hospital from April 30 to May 31, 2020 using a shareable Research Electronic Data Capture tool. Results: A total
of 35 doctors, 88 nurses, and 35 technicians were engaged in the care of these critically ill COVID-19 patients. The frequency of experiencing any physical symptom was 25.0% among HCWs. Exposure to at-risk care was significantly higher among nurses than among
doctors; likewise, the frequency of experiencing physical symptoms was higher among nurses than among doctors |
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Structural investigation of ACE2 dependent disassembly
of the trimeric SARS-CoV-2 Spike glycoprotein |
Ni, Dongchun, Lau, et al |
bioRxiv |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
The viral surface glycoprotein Spike binds to hACE2, which triggers virus entry into cells. As of today, the role of
hACE2 for virus fusion is not well understood. Blocking the transition of Spike from its prefusion to post-fusion state might be a strategy to prevent or treat COVID-19. Here we report a single particle cryo-electron microscopy analysis of SARS-CoV-2 trimeric
Spike in presence of the human ACE2 ectodomain. The binding of purified hACE2 ectodomain to Spike induces the disassembly of the trimeric form of Spike and a structural rearrangement of its S1 domain to form a stable, monomeric complex with hACE2. This observed
hACE2 dependent dissociation of the Spike trimer suggests a mechanism for the therapeutic role of recombinant soluble hACE2 for treatment of COVID-19. |
|
Level of Knowledge in the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional
Survey of Canadian Medical Students |
Niburski, Kacper, Vaughan, et al |
medRxiv |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
Methods: We surveyed Canadian medical students, in the hardest hit province of Quebec, on how they were acquiring knowledge
as well as what they knew of the pandemic. We received responses from 111 medical students from three universities, which represents 5% of the students invited to complete the survey. Students reported using mass media most frequently (83%) and also had a
high rate of use of social media (to gather information about the pandemic. They rated these resources low in terms of their trustworthiness despite the high rates of use. Medical students also endorsed using more formal resources like public health information,
scientific journals and faculty-provided information that they trusted more, however, they accessed these resources at lower rates. Of note, medical students had correct answered 60% of COVID-19 prevention strategies, 73% clinical correct answers, 90% epidemiological
correct answers. |
|
Niess, H, Börner, et al |
Am J Transplant |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
To date, little is known about the duration and effectiveness of immunity as well as possible adverse late effects
after an infection with SARS-CoV-2. Thus it is unclear, when and if liver transplantation can be safely offered to patients that suffered from COVID-19. Here, we report on a successful liver transplantation shortly after convalescence from COVID-19 with subsequent
partial seroreversion as well as recurrence and prolonged shedding of viral RNA. |
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Severe COVID-19 initially presenting as mesenteric adenopathy |
Noda, S, Ma, et al |
Pediatr Radiol |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can present with abdominal pain in children and adults. Most imaging findings have
been limited to characteristic lung findings, as well as one report of bowel-ischemia-related findings in adults. We report a case of COVID-19 in a healthy teenager who initially presented with isolated mesenteric adenopathy, typically a self-limited illness,
which progressed to severe illness requiring intensive care before complete recovery. The boy tested negative for COVID-19 twice by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from upper respiratory swabs before sputum PCR resulted positive. A high index of suspicion
should be maintained for COVID-19 given the continued emergence of new manifestations of the disease. |
|
Nofal, A, Fawzy, et al |
Int J Dermatol |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
This letter to the editor describes four cases of herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) with COVID-19 (2 children and 2
adults). It seems that COVID‐19 infection, as an acute illness with its associated physical and emotional stress, might represent the triggering factor for the development of HZO in the patients. Another possible explanation of VZV reactivation with COVID‐19
may be related to the decrease in the total lymphocytic count in these patients. In conclusion, cutaneous manifestations of COVID‐19 disease are continuously emerging. HZO might be a complication to or an indicator of COVID‐19 infection, particularly in young,
immunocompetent patients. |
|
|
Nunez-Villaveiran, T, González-Castro, et al |
Disaster Med Public Health Prep |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
Our purpose was to determine the intensive care units' (ICUs) medical staff surge capacity during the Covid-19 outbreak
in spring 2020 in Spain. Methods: a multicenter retrospective survey addressing the medical specialties present in the ICUs and the increase in bed capacity during this period. Results: Sixty-seven centers (62.04%) answered the questionnaire. The ICU bed capacity
during the pandemic outbreak increased by 160% (95%CI 128.97-191.03%). The average number of beds per intensive care medicine (ICM) specialist was 1.5 ± 0.60 and 3.71 ± 2.44 beds/specialist before and during the Covid-19 outbreak, respectively. Non-ICM specialists
and residents were present in 50 (74.63%) and 23 (34.3%) ICUs during the outbreak, respectively. The number of physicians (ICM and non-ICM residents and specialists) in the ICU increased by 89.40% (95%CI 64.26 -114.53%). The increase in ICM specialists was,
however, of 4.94% (95%CI -1.35 - 11.23%) Most non-ICM physicians were anesthetists, followed by pediatricians and cardiologists. Conclusion: The majority of ICUs in our study were able to rapidly expand critical care capacity by adapting areas outside of the
normal ICU to manage critically ill patients, and by extending the critical care staff with noncritical care physicians working as force multipliers. |
|
|
Okarska-Napierała, M, Mańdziuk, et al |
Emerg Infect Dis |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Transmission |
We report a cluster of surprisingly high spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) associated
with a single nursery in Poland. Our findings contrast with the presumed negligible role of children in driving the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Children 1-2 years of age might be effective SARS-CoV-2 spreaders. |
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Risk stratification and outreach to hematology/oncology patients
during the COVID-19 pandemic |
Osterman, CK, Triglianos, et al |
Support Care Cancer |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We sought to (1) risk-stratify hematology/oncology patients using general medicine and cancer-specific methods to identify
those at high risk for acute care utilization, (2) measure the correlation between two risk stratification methods, and (3) perform a telephone-based needs assessment with intervention for high-risk patients. Patients were risk-stratified using a general
medical health composite score (HCS) and a cancer-specific risk (CSR) stratification based on disease and treatment characteristics. The correlation between HCS and CSR was measured using Spearman's correlation. A total of 1697 patients were risk-stratified,
with 17% high-risk using HCS and 22% high-risk using CSR. Correlation between HCS and CSR was modest (ρ = 0.41). During the first month of the pilot, 286 patients were called for outreach with 245 contacted (86%). Commonly identified needs were financial difficulties
(17%), uncontrolled symptoms (15%), and interest in advance care planning (13%), resulting in referral for supportive services for 33% of patients. There is a high burden of unmet medical and psychosocial needs in hematology/oncology patients during the COVID-19
pandemic. |
|
Ould Setti, Mounir, Voutilainen, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique |
We used a time-series analysis to discover how patterns of five indicators of mobility data relate to changes in Rt
of 125 countries distributed over three groups based on Rt-mobility correlation. Group 1 included 71 countries in which Rt correlates negatively with residential and positively with other mobility indicators. Group 2 included 25 countries showing an opposite
correlation pattern to Group 1. Group 3 included the 29 remaining countries. We chose the best-fit TL based on forecast and linear regression models. We used linear mixed models to evaluate how mobility indicators and the stringency index (SI) relate with
Rt. Results With a median of 14 days, TLs varied across countries as well as across groups of countries. There was a strong negative correlation between SI and Rt in most countries belonging to Group 1 as opposed to Group 2. SI (units of 10%) associated
with decreasing Rt in Group 1 and Group 3, whereas, in Group 2, SI associated with increasing Rt. Conclusion Mobile phone mobility data could contribute evaluations of the impact of social distancing with movement restrictions on the spread of the COVID-19. |
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|
Palanisamy, A, Giri, et al |
Am J Obstet Gynecol |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Animal model | Modèle animal |
A major roadblock in understanding this atypical clinical presentation is the poor characterization of cellular entry
factors for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) - angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and the androgen-sensitive transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) - in the respiratory tract during pregnancy. Motivated by a recent report
showing estradiol-mediated downregulation of ACE2 in the airway epithelium, we hypothesized that the hormonal changes of pregnancy will decrease the expression of SARS-CoV-2 cell entry factors. We compare their expression and examine the innate immune system
in the nasal epithelium of term pregnant (gestational day 20) vs. non-pregnant 2-month old female rats STUDY. We observed a marked downregulation of the expression of Ace2 and Tmprss2 genes (Fig 1A) along with concomitant changes in protein expression (1B),
and a significant decrease in ACE2 enzyme activity in the nasal epithelium during pregnancy (1C). Innate immune genes with antiviral function that are highly co-expressed with Ace2 (Tnfsf10, Mx1, Nos2) were significantly elevated in the nasal epithelium from
pregnant rats (1D). Similarly, the expression of cytoplasmic (Rig-1) and endosomal viral sensors (Tlr7, MyD88, and Irf7) involved in the detection of SARS-CoV-2 were substantially upregulated with pregnancy (1E). Collectively, our results show a decrease in
cell entry factors for SARS-CoV-2 and a surprisingly robust expression of innate immune response genes in the nasal epithelium of pregnant rats. Based on our preclinical findings, we surmise that the high rate of asymptomatic infection in pregnant women is
likely due to decreased SARS-CoV-2 tropism secondary to reduced expression of cell entry factors. |
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Prognostic Assessment of COVID-19 in ICU by Machine Learning Methods: A
Retrospective Study |
Pan, P, Li, et al |
J Med Internet Res |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
The study aimed to use machine learning to construct a model for the analysis of risk factors and prediction of death
among ICU patients with COVID-19. In this retrospective study, 123 COVID-19 patients inthe ICU of Vulcan Hill Hospital were selected from the database, and data were randomly divided into a training data set (n = 98) and test data set (n = 25) with a 4:1 ratio.
Significance tests, analysis of correlation and factor analysis were used to screen the 100 potential risk factors individually. Conventional logistic regression methods and four machine learning algorithms were used to construct the risk prediction model
for the prognosis of COVID-19 patients in ICU. Performance of these machine learning models was measured by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Model interpretation and model evaluation of the risk prediction model, such as calibration
curve, SHAP, LIME, etc., were performed to ensure its stability and reliability.The outcome is based on the ICU death recorded from the database. Layer-by-layer screening of 100 potential risk factors finallyrevealed 8 important risk factors that were included
in the risk prediction model: lymphocyte percentage (LYM%), prothrombin time (PT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total bilirubin (T-Bil), percentage of eosinophils (EOS%), creatinine(Cr), neutrophil percentage (NEUT%), albumin (ALB) level. Finally, eXtreme
Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) established by 8 important risk factors showed the best recognition ability in the training set of 5-fold cross validation (AUC=0.86) and the verification queue (AUC=0.92). The calibration curve showed that the risk predicted by
the model was in good agreement with the actual risk. In addition, using SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) and Local Interpretable Model-Agnostic Explanations (LIME) algorithms, feature interpretation and sample prediction interpretation algorithms of the
XGBoost black box model were implemented. Additionally, the model has been translated into an online risk calculator that is freely available for the public usage ( http://114.251.235.51:1226/index). The 8 factors XGBoost model predicts risk of death in ICU
patients with COVID-19 well，which initially demonstrates stability
and can be used effectively to predict COVID-19 prognosis in ICU patients. |
|
Pant, G, Alka, et al |
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int |
Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique |
The present study aims to determine the impact of COVID-19 pandemic confinement on air quality among populous sites
of four major metropolitan cities in India (Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, and Chennai) from January 1, 2020 to May 31, 2020 by analyzing particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ammonia (NH3), sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone
levels. AQI significantly plummeted by 44%, 59%, 59%, and 6% in ITO-Delhi, Worli-Mumbai, Jadavpur-Kolkata, and Manali Village-Chennai respectively. The findings conclude a significant improvement in air quality with respect to reduction of 49–73%, 17–63%,
30–74%, and 15–58% in the mean concentration of PM2.5, PM10, NH3, and SO2 respectively during the confinement for the studied locations. The p values for all of the four studied locations were found significantly less than the 5% level of significance for
Welch’s t test analysis. In addition, reduced AQI values were highly correlated with prominent pollutants (PM2.5 and PM10) during Pearson’s correlation analysis. |
|
|
Paoli, D, Pallotti, et al |
J Endocrinol Invest |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
This preliminary assessment suggests that a thorough evaluation (especially in the setting of a multidisciplinary team)
and molecular confirmation of the absence of SARS-CoV-2 in seminal fluid from asymptomatic cancer patients may assist in ensuring the safety of sperm cryopreservation. |
|
|
Parai, Debaprasad, Dash, et al |
medRxiv |
Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes |
In this study, serum from 594 patients positive for COVID-19 and 100 samples from pre-COVID cases were tested for the
detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies by three automated platforms: Abbott architect i2000SR, Roche cobas e411 and Yhlo iFlash 1800 and their diagnostic accuracy were compared. All three platforms showed high specificity as claimed by manufacturer. Clinical
sensitivities of the machines were calculated as 64.48% (58.67-70.3) for Abbott, 80.48% (76.62-84.34) for Roche and 76.94% (72.65-81.23) for Yhlo. The Cohens kappa value was determined from 0.69-0.89 when inter-rater agreements were calculated. The area under
the curves (AUC) values demonstrated Roche Cobas e411 as the diagnostically most accurate platform among the three CLIA analyzers. |
|
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Risk for probable post-partum depression among women during
the COVID-19 pandemic |
Pariente, G, Wissotzky Broder, et al |
Arch Womens Ment Health |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
The aim of the current study was to assess the risk for post-partum depression among women delivering during the COVID-19
pandemic as compared to the risk among women delivering before the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 223 women who delivered during the COVID-19 strict isolation period were recruited. Women delivering during the COVID-19 pandemic had lower risk of having a high
(> 10) or very high (≥ 13) EPDS score as compared with women delivering before the COVID-19 pandemic (16.7% vs 31.3%, p = 0.002, and 6.8% vs 15.2%, p = 0.014, for EPDS ≥ 10 and EPDS ≥ 13, respectively). |
|
Park, Youngmok, Kwak, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
Describe a strategy for preventing virus transmission within hospitals through screening and advanced isolation of
patients screened and admitted to the adult advanced isolation unit at a South Korean hospital. Of the 10,364 screened patients, 5,969 were tested for the virus, and 10 were confirmed to have COVID-19. Of the 338 patients admitted to the unit, one patient
was diagnosed with COVID-19. The group that tested six times per day had the shortest admission to de-isolation time and stay time in the unit. |
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PMC7541755; Detected SARS-CoV-2 in Ascitic Fluid Followed by
Cryptococcemia: a Case Report |
Passarelli, VC, Perosa, et al |
SN Compr Clin Med |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We herein report a case of SARS-CoV-2 detection in ascitic fluid from a kidney transplant patient with decompensated
cirrhosis and COVID-19 and then discuss about immune, cellular, and virological aspects of such clinical presentation of the disease, which also included a disseminated infection, demonstrated by viral detection in his blood sample. |
|
Patel, Amit, Bhatt, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
The objective of this study was to determine disease course and severity of in patients at a COVID care hospital. Of
the 549 hospitalized COVID positive patients, 159 were admitted in ICU during disease course while 390 had ward admissions. Overall median age was 52 (1-86) years. The ICU group was older (>65years), with associated comorbidities like hypertension and diabetes
(p<0.001); higher proportion of males (79.25%); with dyspnea as a major clinical characteristic and consolidation in lungs as a major radiological finding as compared to ward patients. C - reactive protein, D-Dimer and Ferritin were higher in ICU patients.
Overall 50% females depicted elevated Ferritin levels. Steriods(92.45%)and tocilizumab (69.18%) were more frequently used for ICU patients . Remdesivir was prescribed to both ICU and non ICU patients. Favirapir was also a line of treatment for 25% of ICU patients.
Convalescent plasma therapy was given to 7 ICU patients. Complications like acute kidney injury (13.84%), shock (10.69 %), sepsis and encephalopathy were observed in ICU patients. Overall mortality rate was 5.47 % with higher mortality among males in comparison
to females (p<0.0001). |
|
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Semi-supervised Neural Networks solve an inverse problem for modeling Covid-19 spread |
Paticchio, Alessandro, Scarlatti, et al |
arXiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health
interventions*| Interventions de santé publique |
In this work, we study the spread of COVID-19 using a semi-supervised neural network and assuming a passive part of
the population remains isolated from the virus dynamics. We start with an unsupervised neural network that learns solutions of differential equations for different modeling parameters and initial conditions. A supervised method then solves the inverse problem
by estimating the optimal conditions that generate functions to fit the data for those infected by, recovered from, and deceased due to COVID-19. |
|
Pawlowski, Colin, Venkatakrishnan, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Here, we employ automated neural networks supplemented with expert curation (Augmented Curation) for retrospectively
analyzing the complete electronic health records (EHRs) of 671 hospitalized COVID-19 patients administered either enoxaparin or unfractionated heparin, but not both. We find that COVID-19 patients administered unfractionated heparin but not enoxaparin have
higher rates of mortality (risk ratio: 2.6; 95% C.I.: 1.2-5.4]; p-value: 0.02; BH adjusted p-value: 0.09), thrombotic events (risk ratio: 5.7, 95% C.I.: 2.1, 33.9], p-value: 0.024), acute kidney injury (risk ratio: 5.5; 95% C.I.: 1.2-17.7]; p-value: 0.02;
BH adjusted p-value: 0.10), and bacterial pneumonia (risk ratio undefined; 95% C.I.: 1.0, 292]; p-value:0.02; BH adjusted p-value:0.10), compared to patients administered enoxaparin but not unfractionated heparin. Notably, even after controlling for potential
confounding factors such as demographics, comorbidities, admission diagnosis, initial ICU status, and initial level of oxygen support, the above differences between the enoxaparin and unfractionated heparin patient cohorts remain statistically significant. |
|
|
Peach, EmilyJ, Rutter, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
This cohort study quantified the risk of death among people with rare autoimmune rheumatic diseases (RAIRD) during
the UK 2020 COVID-19 epidemic compared with baseline risk and the risk of death in the general population during COVID-19. 1,815 (1.1%) participants died during March and April 2020. The age-standardised mortality rate (ASMR) among people with RAIRD (3669.3,
95% CI 3500.4-3838.1 per 100,000 person-years) was 1.44 (95% CI 1.42-1.45) times higher than the average ASMR during the same months of the previous 5 years, whereas in the general population of England it was 1.38 times higher. Compared to the general population,
the age-specific mortality rates in people with RAIRD compared to the pre-COVID rates were higher from the age of 35 upwards, whereas in the general population the increased risk began from age 55 upwards. Sex-specific rates were similar in males and females,
whereas in the general population females had a lower rate than males. |
|
|
Peahl, AF, Powell, et al |
Am J Obstet Gynecol |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique Healthcare Response | Réponse
des soins de santé |
Our objective was to evaluate institutional-level adoption and patient and provider experiences with the COVID-19 prenatal
care model. Following COVID-19 model adoption, average weekly prenatal visit volume fell by 16.1%, from 898 to 761 weekly visits, the average weekly proportion of prenatal visits conducted virtually increased from 10.8% (97/898) to 43.3% (330/761), and the
average visit no-show rate remained stable (4.3% pre-implementation; 4.2%, post-implementation). Of those eligible, 74.8% (77/103) of providers and 15.0% (253/1690) of patients participated in the surveys. Patient respondents were largely white (180/253, 71.1%)
and privately insured (199/253, 78.7%), reflecting the study site population. Rates of chronic conditions and pregnancy complications also differed from national prevalence. Provider respondents were predominantly white (44/66, 66.7%) and female (50/66, 75.8%).
Most patients and almost all providers reported that virtual visits improved access to care (patients: 68.8%, 174/253; providers: 74/77, 96.1%). Over half of respondents (patients: 124/253, 53.3%; providers: 41/77, 62.1%) believed virtual visits were safe.
Nearly all believed home blood pressure cuffs were important for virtual visits (patients: 213/231, 92.2%; providers: 63/66, 95.5%). Most reported satisfaction with the COVID-19 model (patients: 196/253, 77.5%; providers: 64/77, 83.1%). In free-text responses,
drivers of positive care experiences were similar for patients and providers, and included perceived improved access to care through decreased barriers (e.g. transportation, childcare); perceived high quality of virtual visits for low-risk patients and increased
safety during the pandemic; and improved satisfaction through better patient counseling. Perceived drivers of negative care experience were also similar for patients and providers, but less common. These included concerns that unequal access to virtual visits
could deepen existing maternity care inequities, concerns that the lack of home devices (e.g. blood pressure cuffs) would impact care quality and safety, and dissatisfaction with poor patient-provider continuity and inadequate expectation-setting for the virtual
visit experience. |
|
|
Peter, Emanuel, Schug, et al |
bioRxiv |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
In this article, we investigate the effect of electrolytes on the stability of the complex between the coronavirus
type 2 spike protein receptor domain (CoV-2 RBD) and ACE2, which plays an important role in the activation cascade at the viral entry of CoV-2 into human cells. We simulated the CoV-2 RBD - ACE2 complex at varying salt concentrations over the concentration
range from 0.03 M to 0.3 M of calcium and sodium chloride over an individual simulation length of 750 ns in 9 independent simulations (6.75 micro s total). We observe that the CoV-2 RBD - ACE2 complex is stabilized independent of the salt concentration. We
identify a strong negative electrostatic potential at the N-terminal part of CoV-2 RBD and we find that CoV-2 RBD binds even stronger at higher salt concentrations. We observe that the dynamics of the N-terminal part of CoV-2 RBD stabilize the protein complex
leading to strong collective motions and a stable interface between CoV-2 RBD and ACE2. We state that the sequence of CoV-2 RBD might be optimized for a strong binding to ACE2 at varying salt concentrations at the cellular surface, which acts as a key component
in the activation of CoV-2 for its viral entry. |
|
|
PMC7543785; Benralizumab for severe DRESS in
two COVID-19 patients |
Peter, SG, Peter, et al |
J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Here, we report the first use of benralizumab, in two patient with glucocorticoid-unresponsive Drug rash with eosinophilia
and systemic symptoms (DRESS) occurring during COVID-19. |
|
A whole blood test to measure SARS-CoV-2 specific
response in COVID-19 patients |
Petrone, L, Petruccioli, et al |
Clin Microbiol Infect |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection
d'agents pathogènes |
Objectives: To examine whether specific T-cell-responses to SARS-CoV-2 peptides can be detected in COVID-19 using a
whole-blood experimental setting, which may be further explored as potential diagnostic tool. IFN-γ-response to spike and remainder-antigens MPs was significantly increased in 35 COVID-19-patients compared to 29 “NO COVID-19”-individuals (medians spike-MP:
0.26 vs 0, p=0.0002; medians remainder-antigens-MP: 0.07 vs 0.02; p=0.02). |
|
SARS-CoV-2 infects carotid arteries: implications for
vascular disease and organ injury in COVID-19 |
Pfefferle, Susanne, Guenther, et al |
bioRxiv |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
In an autopsy series of 32 COVID-19 patients, we investigated whether carotid arteries were infected with SARS-CoV-2
by employing genomic, virologic, histochemical and transcriptomic analyses. We show that SARS-CoV-2 productively infects and modulates vascular responses in carotid arteries. This finding has far reaching implications for the understanding and clinical treatment
of COVID-19. |
|
Pham, TD |
Sci Rep |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection
d'agents pathogènes |
This study presents an investigation on 16 pretrained CNNs for classification of COVID-19 using a large public database
of CT scans collected from COVID-19 patients and non-COVID-19 subjects. The results show that, using only 6 epochs for training, the CNNs achieved very high performance on the classification task. Among the 16 CNNs, DenseNet-201, which is the deepest net,
is the best in terms of accuracy, balance between sensitivity and specificity, F1 score, and area under curve. Furthermore, the implementation of transfer learning with the direct input of whole image slices and without the use of data augmentation provided
better classification rates than the use of data augmentation. |
|
|
Pieh, Christoph, Budimir, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
This longitudinal study evaluated mental health at the beginning of the COVID-19 Pandemic and six months later in Austria.
Results suggest that detrimental health consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic persisted six months after its outbreak and the end of the lockdown measures, respectively. Regarding well-being and stress there is a slight trend in improvement. |
|
|
Increased Mental Health Symptoms Remain Despite End of Lockdown |
Pieh, Christoph, Probst, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
This longitudinal study investigated mental well-being depending on the lockdown measures in Austria. The deterioration
of mental well-being during the COVID-19 lockdown compared to pre-epidemiological data remained unchanged despite the end of the lockdown. Thus, the impact of the COVID19 pandemic seems to have a greater impact on well-being, quality of life and mental health
symptoms than the lockdown measures itself. |
|
Proof of SARS-CoV-2 Genomes in Endomyocardial
Biopsy with Latency After Acute Infection |
Pietsch, H, Escher, et al |
Int J Infect Dis |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has reached pandemic level. Cardiovascular
complications in COVID-19 have been reported frequently, however, evidence for causal relationship has not been established. We describe detection of SARS-CoV-2 viral genomes in a patient with heart failure symptoms investigating endomyocardial biopsy following
a latent period of four weeks after onset of pulmonary symptoms. Viral infection was accompanied by myocardial inflammation indicating infection of the heart muscle. |
|
Pinchoff, Jessie, Santhya, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
A mobile phone-based survey was implemented in April, 2020 in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, India (n=1,666 ) among adolescent
and young adults. The survey found ide gender gaps in knowledge, adoption of preventive behaviors, and adverse mental health effects were identified, indicating that COVID-19 is already disproportionately impacting adolescent and young women. Gender-sensitive
information campaigns and provision of health services must be accessible and provide support during the pandemic to ensure gains in public health and gender equity are not lost. |
|
|
PMC7539900; Lightning during the COVID-19 pandemic
in Brazil |
Pinto Neto, O, Pinto, et al |
J Atmos Sol Terr Phys |
Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique |
This study is concerned with the effects of a decrease in the air pollution concentration on the lightning characteristics
of two large Brazilian cities. The decrease in air pollution happened from March 20, till April 02, 2020, and it was caused by the social distancing effort to contain the COVID-19 spread in the cities. In São Paulo, the ratio between cloud-to-ground to intracloud
flashes and the average peak current of negative cloud-to-ground flashes significantly decreased; whereas in Belo Horizonte, the ratio between positive and negative cloud-to-ground flashes significantly increased with respect to the values in previous years. |
|
Positive direct antiglobulin tests in patients with COVID-19 |
Platton, S, Mendes, et al |
Transfusion |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
In this single large teaching hospital, we investigated the incidence and significance of direct antiglobulin tests
[DAT] positivity in patients with COVID-19. Full blood count samples were collected from 20 consecutive patients in the critical care unit with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed by RT-PCR. On the same day another 20 consecutive FBC samples were selected
as controls from patients in the critical care unit who were confirmed to be negative for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR on at least two occasions and who had no previous historical positive test. Results of this study show that a high percentage of patients with COVID-19
are DAT-positive and all were positive by IgG, but these patients do not have any evidence of haemolytic anaemia and do not require more blood transfusion than patients who are not infected. No underlying antibody specificity for blood-group antigens was identified
in the eluate, and there was no association with antibiotic usage. No patient had a positive antibody screen and the majority had not received a recent transfusion. |
|
Summer School Holidays and the Growth Rate in Sars-CoV-2
Infections Across German Districts |
Pluemper, Thomas, Neumayer, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
In this ecological study, we analyse the association between summer school holidays and the weekly growth rate in SARS-CoV-2
infections in 401 German districts. In Germany school holidays are coordinated between states and spread out in order to reduce the number and length of traffic jams on motorways. We find that between 30 and 50 percent of the growth rate in new infections
in Germany can be attributed to the holiday season. A substantive increase in the growth of new infections can be observed between two and four weeks after the begin of the holidays. The effect becomes stronger the further holidays proceed. States in the West
of Germany tend to experience stronger effects than those in the East. Part of this finding is explained by another result, namely that we find significant interaction effects of school holidays with per capita taxable income and the share of foreign residents
in a district's population. |
|
Ponsford, MarkJ, Burton, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
This study conducted a retrospective service evaluation to determine the utility of extended tests (D-dimer, ferritin,
high-sensitivity troponin I, lactate dehydrogenase, procalcitonin) compared to the core panel (full blood count, urea & electrolytes, liver function tests, C-reactive protein). From 13,500 emergency attendances, 391 unique adults admitted with COVID-19 were
identified. Of these, 113 died (29%) and 151 (39%) reached the composite endpoint. Core test variables adjusted for age, gender and index of deprivation had a prognostic AUC of 0.79 (95% Confidence Interval, CI: 0.67 to 0.91) for mortality and 0.70 (95%CI:
0.56 to 0.84) for the composite endpoint. Addition of extended test components did not improve upon this. |
|
|
Poston, Daniel, Weisblum, et al |
medRxiv |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Immunology | Immunologie |
Cross-reactive immune responses elicited by seasonal coronaviruses might impact SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and disease
outcomes. This study measured neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 in pre-pandemic sera from patients with prior PCR-confirmed seasonal coronavirus infection. While neutralizing activity against seasonal coronaviruses was detected in nearly all sera, cross-reactive
neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 was undetectable. |
|
|
Psychiatric morbidity and protracted symptoms in
recovered COVID-19 patients |
Poyraz, Burc Cagri, Aksoy Poyraz, et al |
medRxiv |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
This cross-sectional study investigated the psychiatric symptomatology and the protracted symptoms in recently recovered
COVID-19 patients. The psychiatric status was assessed using the Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and MINI suicidality scale. Patients completed a checklist for the
acute symptom burden and protracted symptoms that were experienced after the acute infection. After a mean of 50 days following the diagnosis of COVID-19, 98 patients (34.5%) reported clinically significant PTSD, anxiety, and/or depression, with PTSD being
the most common condition reported (25.4%). One hundred and eighteen patients (44.3%) reported one or more protracted symptom(s), with fatigue, muscle aches, alteration of smell/taste, headache and difficulty in concentration, being the most common symptoms
reported. Predictors of PTSD symptom severity were the female gender, past traumatic events, protracted symptoms, perceived stigmatization, and a negative view on the seriousness of the COVID-19 pandemic. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that PTSD
symptom severity was the sole independent predictor of the presence of protracted symptoms. |
|
Probert, AC, Sivakumar, et al |
ANZ J Surg |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
This study examines the impact that public health measures to control viral spread have had on orthopaedic trauma presenting
to an Australian level 1 trauma centre. During the COVID‐19 period, total emergency operations performed decreased by 15.6% compared to the same period in 2019. Orthopaedic admissions decreased by 30.8%. Demographics of the groups were unchanged. Anaesthetic
time decreased, but total time spent in the operating theatre was unchanged. Road trauma comprised a similar proportion of cases overall; however, cycling‐related accidents increased significantly, making up 11% of presentations during COVID‐19. Sporting injuries,
work‐related injuries and multi‐traumas reduced during the pandemic. |
|
|
Rains, James Douglas, Padgett, et al |
medRxiv |
Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes |
This study evaluated the polyester nasal swabs stored in saline or in a dry tube as an alternative to foam nasal swabs
for SARS-CoV-2 testing by RT-qPCR since they may be inexpensively manufactured at high capacity. Polyester swabs demonstrated equivalent performance to foam swabs for detection of low and high SARS-CoV-2 viral loads. Dry swab elution performed with PBS and
mechanical disruption by vortex resulted in nearly complete quantitative recovery of virus. Dry polyester and foam surrogate specimens were stable through 72 hours both when refrigerated and after high temperature excursion, which simulated specimen transport
without cold chain. Similarly, clinical specimens collected with polyester swabs and stored dry were stable through 72 hours in the presence and absence of cold chain. Polyester surrogate specimens stored in saline were stable through 72 hours refrigerated
but only through 48 hours at elevated temperatures. |
|
|
Ramírez, JM, Varela-Montes, et al |
Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
Our aim with this study is to find out the number of cases and type of odonto-stomatological emergencies (OSE) treated
in four dental clinics of the Madrid capital area and region (CAM) in the period covered between March 17th and 4th of May. We found that the most prevalent pathology was acute apical periodontitis whereas odontogenic abscess showed the lowest frequency. Prosthetic-orthodontic
OSE represented 14% of cases |
|
|
Raveendran, Srivatsan, Indi, et al |
medRxiv |
Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes Healthcare
Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
In the present work, Random Forest classifier and support vector regression techniques are applied to a medical health
care dataset containing 27 variables for predicting the susceptibility score of an individual towards COVID-19 infection and the accuracy of prediction is compared. A confusion matrix is calculated for understanding the performance of classification of the
based on the number of TruePositives, True-Negatives, False-Positives and False-Negatives. Results From the classification results, it is noted that the Random Forest classifier provides an classification accuracy of 99.7% precision of 99.8%, sensitivity of
98.8% and F-score of 99.29% for the given medical data set. |
|
|
Reddy, KrishnaP, Shebl, et al |
medRxiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health
interventions*| Interventions de santé publique |
This study developed a dynamic COVID-19 microsimulation model to evaluate clinical and economic outcomes and cost-effectiveness
of epidemic control strategies in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. With effective reproduction numbers (Re)1.5, HT resulted in the most COVID-19 deaths over 360 days. Compared with HT, HT+CT+IC+MS+QC reduced mortality by 94%, increased costs by 33%, and was cost-effective
(ICER $340/YLS). In settings where quarantine centres cannot be implemented, HT+CT+IC+MS was cost-effective compared with HT (ICER $590/YLS). With Re 1.2, HT+CT+IC+QC was the least costly strategy, and no other strategy was cost-effective. HT+CT+IC+MS+QC was
cost-effective in many sensitivity analyses; notable exceptions were when Re was 2.6 and when efficacies of ICs and QCs for transmission reduction were reduced. |
|
|
Report on COVID-19 Verification Case Study in Nine
Countries Using the SIQR model |
reiji, suda |
medRxiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health
interventions*| Interventions de santé publique |
This report uses the SIQR model proposed by Takashi Odagaki to examine the epidemic trend of COVID-19 in nine major
countries during February-May 2020, and to clarify the peculiar trend of infection in Japan. The infection control measures of each country were analyzed by dividing them into three groups according to the size of the decay (or growth) rate of infected at
large (λ). The active group includes China and South Korea, the passive group includes the United States and Sweden, and the average group includes Germany, Italy, France, Spain, and Japan. China and South Korea are the countries with the best testing and
quarantine systems, and South Korea in particular having managed to contain the infection without lockdown through early quarantine by thorough testing. On the other hand, the United States and Sweden do not have a well-developed inspection and quarantine
system and have shown little restraint in social distancing. |
|
Angular Cheilitis of COVID-19 Patients: A Case-series and Literature Review |
Riad, A, Kassem, et al |
Oral Dis |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Therefore, we aim to report according to the CARE guidelines, a case series of 17 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients
with angular cheilitis |
|
Richards-Belle, A, Orzechowska, et al |
Intensive Care Med |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
Purpose: To describe critical care patients with COVID-19 across England, Wales and Northern Ireland and compare them
with a historic cohort of patients with other viral pneumonias (non-COVID-19) and with international cohorts of COVID-19.Critical care patients with COVID-19 were disproportionately non-white, from more deprived areas and more likely to be male and obese.
Conventional severity scoring appeared not to adequately reflect their acute severity, with the distribution across PaO2/FiO2 ratio categories indicating acutely severe respiratory disease. Critical care patients with COVID-19 experience high mortality and
place a great burden on critical care services. |
|
|
Serum ACE-2, angiotensin II, and aldosterone
levels are unchanged in patients with COVID-19 |
Rieder, M, Wirth, et al |
Am J Hypertens |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
In this prospective single-center study, we determined the serum levels of ACE-2, angiotensin II and aldosterone in
patients with COVID-19 compared to control patients presenting with similar symptoms in the emergency unit. We analyzed serum samples from 24 SARS-CoV-2 positive and 61 SARS-CoV-2 negative patients. SARS-CoV-2 positive and control patients did not differ in
baseline patients characteristics, symptoms and clinical presentation. Mean serum concentrations of ACE2, angiotensin II, and aldosterone did not differ between the SARS-CoV-2 positive and the control group. In line with this, serum potassium as surrogate
parameter for RAAS activity and blood pressure were similar in both groups. |
|
AncestryDNA COVID-19 Host Genetic Study Identifies
Three Novel Loci |
Roberts, GenevieveHL, Park, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
This study investigated the genetic risk factors by collecting over 500,000 COVID-19 survey responses between April
and May 2020 with accompanying genetic data from the AncestryDNA database. Conducted sex-stratified and meta-analyzed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for COVID-19 susceptibility (positive nasopharyngeal swab test, ncases=2,407) and severity (hospitalization,
ncases=250). The severity GWAS replicated associations with severe COVID-19 near ABO and SLC6A20 (P<0.05). And identified three novel loci with P<5x10-8. The strongest association was near IVNS1ABP, a gene involved in influenza virus replication, and was associated
only in males. |
|
Rocca, MF, Zintgraff, et al |
J Virol Methods |
Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes |
Here, we exploit the potential of mass spectrometry technology combined with machine learning algorithms, for the detection
of COVID-19 positive and negative protein profiles directly from nasopharyngeal swabs samples. According to the preliminary results obtained, accuracy = 67.66%, sensitivity = 61.76%, specificity = 71.72%, and although these parameters still need to be improved
to be used as a screening technique, mass spectrometry-based methods coupled with multivariate analysis showed that it is an interesting tool that deserves to be explored as a complementary diagnostic approach due to the low cost and fast performance. |
|
|
Roederer, Thomas, Mollo, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Immunology | Immunologie |
A cross-sectional seroprevalence study was conducted in the food distribution sites, emergency shelters and workers
residences supported by MSF in Paris and Seine-Saint-Denis, to determine the extent of COVID-19 exposure as determined by SARS-CoV2 antibody seropositivity. Overall, 426/818 individuals tested positive in the 14 sites investigated. Seroprevalence varied significantly
with the type of site (chi2 p<0.001). It was highest at 88.7% (95%CI 81.8-93.2) among individuals living in workers residences, followed by 50.5% (95%CI 46.3-54.7) in emergency shelters and 27.8 % (95%CI 20.8-35.7) among individuals recruited from the food
distribution sites. Seroprevalence also varied significantly between sites of the same type. Among other risk factors, the odds for seropositivity were higher among individuals living in crowded sites (medium: adj. OR 2.7, 95%CI 1.5-5.1, p=0.001; high: adj.
OR 3.4, 95%CI 1.7-6.9, p<0.001) compared with individuals from low crowding sites and among those who reported transit accommodation in a gymnasium before the lockdown (adj. OR 3.1, 95%CI 1.2-8.1, p=0.023). More than two-thirds of the seropositive individuals
(68.3%; 95%CI 64.2-72.2) did not report any symptoms during the recall period. |
|
|
Depression and Anxiety During the COVID-19 Pandemic in an Urban, Low-Income
Public University Sample |
Rudenstine, S, McNeal, et al |
J Trauma Stress |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
We assessed the prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms among underresourced public university students during
the COVID‐19 pandemic in New York City. Between April 8, 2020, and May 2, 2020, adult students (N = 1,821) across the CUNY system completed an online survey examining COVID‐19–related stressors and mental health and sociodemographic factors. we found a high
prevalence and severity of depression and anxiety symptoms. We also observed that more exposure to COVID‐19–related stressors was associated with increased depressive (27.0%, 41.4%, and 63.1% for low‐, medium‐, and high‐level stressors, respectively) and anxiety
symptoms (19.3%, 34.6%, 52.2%). In addition, the degree of exposure to COVID‐19–related stressors served as an important predictor of depression and anxiety symptoms. Finally, household savings of less than $5,000 increased the risk of anxiety but not depression
symptoms, OR = 1.3, 95% CI [1.0,1.6]. |
|
Ryan, L, Lam, et al |
Ann Med Surg (Lond) |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques Healthcare Response |
Réponse des soins de santé |
Objectives: Develop and evaluate a machine learning-based algorithm which accurately predicts mortality in COVID-19,
pneumonia, and mechanically ventilated patients. When trained and tested on the MIMIC dataset, the XGBoost predictor obtained area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) values of 0.82, 0.81, 0.77, and 0.75 for mortality prediction on mechanically
ventilated patients at 12-, 24-, 48-, and 72- hour windows, respectively, and AUROCs of 0.87, 0.78, 0.77, and 0.734 for mortality prediction on pneumonia patients at 12-, 24-, 48-, and 72- hour windows, respectively. The predictor outperformed the qSOFA, MEWS
and CURB-65 risk scores at all prediction windows. When tested on the community hospital dataset, the predictor obtained AUROCs of 0.91, 0.90, 0.86, and 0.87 for mortality prediction on COVID-19 patients at 12-, 24-, 48-, and 72- hour windows, respectively,
outperforming the qSOFA, MEWS and CURB-65 risk scores at all prediction windows. |
|
|
Self-quarantine
non-compliance during the COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea |
Ryu, S, Hwang, et al |
Disaster Med Public Health Prep |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
This study was conducted to identify the non-compliance rate of self-quarantine for COVID-19 cases and assess the impact
of a one-strike out policy and an increased amount of penalty for the violating self-quarantine in South Korea. The median number of individuals quarantined per day was 36,561 (interquartile range of 34,408–41,961). The median number of daily self-quarantine
violations was six (range of 0–13). The median rate of self-quarantine violations was 1.6 per 10,000 self-quarantined individuals (range 0.0–8.0 per 10,000 self-quarantined individuals). The additional sanction has no significant impact on the number of violations
among quarantine individuals (p=0.99). |
|
COVID-19 Susceptibility
and Outcomes among People Living with HIV in San Francisco |
Sachdev, D, Mara, et al |
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
This report presents the incidence and outcomes among people living with HIV (PLWH) with COVID-19 in San Francisco
over the first six months of the pandemic. Among 4252 COVID-19 tests performed among PLWH, 4.5% (N=193) were positive for COVID-19, compared to a 3.5% (N=9626) positivity rate among the 272,555 people without HIV tested for COVID-19 (p<0.001). Mean age of
those infected with HIV/COVID-19 was 48 years (20-76); 38.9% White, 38.3% Latinx, 11.9% Black; 91.2% were male. Only 54.6% of coinfected PLWH were housed, with the remainder marginally housed. The rate of severe illness with COVID-19 was not increased among
PLWH. |
|
Safa, O, Hassaniazad, et al |
Trials |
RCT |
We investigate the effects of Ginger, compared to the usual therapeutic regimen on clinical manifestations and paraclinical
features in patients with confirmed COVID-19 that are moderately ill. |
|
|
Sahoo, PK, Mangla, et al |
Int J Biometeorol |
Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique |
The present study aims to examine the changes in air quality during different phases of the COVID-19 pandemic, including
the lockdown (LD1–4) and unlock period (UL1–2) (post-lockdown) as compared to pre-lockdown (PL1–3) and to establish the relationships of the environmental and demographic variables with COVID-19 cases in the state of Maharashtra, the worst-hit state in India.
Atmospheric pollutants such as PM2.5, PM10, NOx, and CO were substantially reduced during the lockdown and unlock phases with the greatest reduction in cities having larger traffic volumes. Compared with the immediate pre-lockdown period (PL3), the averaged
PM2.5 and PM10 reduced by up to 51% and 47% respectively during the lockdown periods, which resulted in ‘satisfactory’ level of air quality index (AQI) as a result of reduced vehicular traffic and industrial closing. These parameters continued to reduce as
much as 80% during the unlock periods due to the additive impact of weather (rainfall and temperature) combined with the lockdown conditions. Kendall’s correlation matrix showed a significant negative correlation between temperature and air pollutants (r=
− 0.35 to − 057). Conversely, SO2 and O3 did not improve, and in some cases, they increased during the lockdown and unlocking. COVID-19 spreading incidences were strongly and positively correlated with temperature (r < 0.62) and dew point (r < 0.73). Thus,
this indicates that the increase in temperature and dew point cannot weaken the transmission of this virus. The number of COVID-19 cases relative to air pollutants was negatively correlated (r = − 0.33 to − 0.74), which may be a mere coincidence as a result
of lockdown. However, based on pre-lockdown air quality data and demographic factors, it was found that particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) and population density are closely linked with higher morbidity and mortality although a more in-depth research is required
in this direction to validate this finding. |
|
|
Brain microvascular occlusive disorder in COVID-19: a case
report |
Saitta, L, Molin, et al |
Neurol Sci |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We describe the case of a COVID-19 patient with severely impaired consciousness after sedation hold, showing magnetic
resonance imaging (MRI) findings of (i) acute bilateral supratentorial ischemic lesions involving the fronto-parietal white matter and the corpus callosum and (ii) multiple diffuse susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) hypointense foci, infra and supratentorial,
predominantly bithalamic, suggestive of microhemorrhage or alternatively microthrombi. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA was detected in the cerebrospinal fluid. Our findings suggest the occurrence of vascular damage, predominantly
involving microvessels. |
|
Sajuthi, SP, DeFord, et al |
Nat Commun |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by SARS-CoV-2, an emerging virus that utilizes host proteins ACE2 and
TMPRSS2 as entry factors. Understanding the factors affecting the pattern and levels of expression of these genes is important for deeper understanding of SARS-CoV-2 tropism and pathogenesis. Here we explore the role of genetics and co-expression networks
in regulating these genes in the airway, through the analysis of nasal airway transcriptome data from 695 children. We identify expression quantitative trait loci for both ACE2 and TMPRSS2, that vary in frequency across world populations. We find TMPRSS2 is
part of a mucus secretory network, highly upregulated by type 2 (T2) inflammation through the action of interleukin-13, and that the interferon response to respiratory viruses highly upregulates ACE2 expression. IL-13 and virus infection mediated effects on
ACE2 expression were also observed at the protein level in the airway epithelium. Finally, we define airway responses to common coronavirus infections in children, finding that these infections generate host responses similar to other viral species, including
upregulation of IL6 and ACE2. Our results reveal possible mechanisms influencing SARS-CoV-2 infectivity and COVID-19 clinical outcomes. |
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EFFECT OF CONVALESCENT PLASMA ON MORTALITY IN PATIENTS
WITH COVID-19 PNEUMONIA |
Salazar, MartinR, Gonzalez, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
This study compared the epidemiological characteristics and outcomes between patients who received convalescent plasma
for COVID-19 and those who did not, admitted to hospitals in Argentina. Analyzed 3,529 patients with pneumonia, predominantly male, aged 62±17, with arterial hypertension and diabetes as main comorbidities; 51.4% were admitted to the ward, 27.1% to the Intensive
Care Unit (ICU), and 21.7% to the ICU with mechanical ventilation requirement (ICU-MV). 28-day mortality was 34.9%; and was 26.3%, 30.1% and 61.4% for ward, ICU and ICU-MV patients. Convalescent plasma was administered to 868 patients (24.6%); their 28-day
mortality was significantly lower (25.5% vs. 38.0%, p<0.001). No major adverse effects occurred. Logistic regression analysis identified age, ICU admission with and without MV requirement, diabetes and preexistent cardiovascular disease as independent predictors
of 28-day mortality, whereas convalescent plasma administration acted as a protective factor. |
|
Salvatore, C, Roberta, et al |
Radiol Med |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques Diagnostics / Pathogen
detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes |
This study included 103 (41 women and 62 men; 68.8 years of mean age—range, 29–93 years) with suspicious COVID-19 viral
infection evaluated by reverse transcription real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test.Symptoms and comorbidities did not show differences statistically significant in terms of patient outcome. Instead, SpO2 was significantly lower in
patients hospitalized in critical conditions or died while age, HS CRP, leukocyte count, neutrophils, LDH, d-dimer, troponin, creatinine and azotemia, ALT, AST and bilirubin values were significantly higher. GGO and consolidations were the main CT patterns.
CT COVID-19 disease was prevalently bilateral (77.6%) with peripheral distribution (74.5%) and multiple lobes localizations (52.0%). Consolidation, emphysema and residual healthy lung parenchyma volumes showed statistically significant differences in the three
groups of patients based on outcome, while GGO volume did not affect the patient's outcome. The highest value of R-squared (R2 = 0.93) was obtained by the model that combines clinical/laboratory findings at CT volumes. The highest accuracy was obtained by
clinical/laboratory and CT findings model with a sensitivity, specificity and accuracy, respectively, of 88%, 78% and 81% to predict discharged/stable patients versus critical/died patients. |
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Sands, K, Wenzel, et al |
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
Herein we present our observations of the change in characteristics and resource use of COVID-19 patients over time
in a national system of community hospitals to help inform those managing surge planning, operational management, and future policy decisions. |
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Sanja, Matic, Suzana, et al |
bioRxiv |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Immunology | Immunologie |
This study highlighted the immunological events associated with the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection, with an emphasis
on cells of innate immunity. In severe cases, the number of T and B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, NK cells, and HLA-DR-expressing cells was drastically decreased. In the monocyte population proportion between certain subsets was disturbed and cells coexpressing
markers of M1 and M2 monocytes were found in intermediate and non-classical subsets. In mild cases decline in lymphocyte number was less pronounced and innate immunity was preserved as indicated by an increased number of myeloid and activated dendritic cells,
NK cells that expressed activation marker at the same level as in control and by low expression of M2 marker in monocyte population. In patients with severe disease, both innate and adoptive immunity are devastated, while in patients with mild symptoms decline
in lymphocyte number is lesser, and the innate immunity is preserved. |
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Santambrogio, Roberto, Barabino, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
This study aimed at evaluating the effects of COVID-19 outbreak both on the clinical outcome of patients in Italy with
cirrhosis and heptacellular carcinoma and on their follow-up. We identified 7 cases of Covid-19 among the 138 patients: 5 confirmed and 2 probables. One patient died from COVID-19 pneumonia. We observed a higher rate of mortality due to other causes: the
reduced access to health services due to the disruption of the normal activities and the forced reassurance of sick patients could be the primary causes of this increase. |
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Covid-19 vaccination strategies with limited resources -- a model based on social network
graphs |
Santini, Simone |
arXiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health
interventions*| Interventions de santé publique |
We develop a model of infection spread that takes into account the existence of a vulnerable group as well as the variability
of the social relations of individuals. We develop a compartmentalized power-law model, with power-law connections between the vulnerable and the general population, considering these connections as well as the connections among the vulnerable as parameters
that we vary in our tests. We use the model to study a number of vaccination strategies and we develop optimal strategies for the various social parameters. |
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COVID-19 mortality among Indigenous
people in Brazil: a nationwide register-based study |
Santos, VS, Souza Araújo, et al |
J Public Health (Oxf) |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
Herein, we investigated the burden of COVID-19 on the Indigenous population in Brazil. We performed a populational-based
study including all cases and deaths from COVID-19 among Brazilian Indigenous people from 26 February to 28 August 2020. Brazil had an incidence and a mortality rate of 3546.4 cases and 65.0 deaths per 100 000 population, respectively. The case fatality rate
(CFR) was 1.8%. |
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Santus, P, Radovanovic, et al |
BMJ Open |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
COVID-19 causes lung parenchymal and endothelial damage that lead to hypoxic acute respiratory failure (hARF). The
influence of hARF severity on patients’ outcomes is still poorly understood.412 patients were enrolled (280 males, 68%). Median (IQR) age was 66 (55–76) years with a PaO2/FiO2 at admission of 262 (140–343) mm Hg. 50.2% had a cardiovascular disease. Prevalence
of mild, moderate and severe hARF was 24.4%, 21.9% and 15.5%, respectively. In-hospital mortality proportionally increased with increasing impairment of gas exchange (p<0.001). The only independent risk factors for mortality were age ≥65 years (HR 3.41; 95%
CI 2.00 to 5.78, p<0.0001), PaO2/FiO2 ratio ≤200 mm Hg (HR 3.57; 95% CI 2.20 to 5.77, p<0.0001) and respiratory failure at admission (HR 3.58; 95% CI 1.05 to 12.18, p=0.04). |
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Savary, Dominique, Lesimple, et al |
medRxiv |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
This study evaluated the performances of four transport ventilators compared to an ICU ventilator simulating severe
respiratory conditions. Grouping all conditions, the volume error was 2.9 +/- 2.2 % for Engstrom Carestation; 3.6 +/- 3.9 % for Osiris 3; 2.5 +/- 2.1 % for Oxylog 3000; 5.4 +/- 2.7 % for Monnal T60 and 8.8 +/- 4.8 % for Elisee 350. Grouping all conditions,
trigger delay was 42 +/- 4 ms, 65 +/- 5 ms, 151 +/- 14 ms, 51 +/- 6 and 64 +/- 5 ms for Engstrom Carestation, Osiris 3, Oxylog 3000, Monnal T60 and Elisee 350, respectively. In special surge situations such as COVID-19 pandemic, most transport ventilators
may be used to safely deliver volume-controlled ventilation in locations where only oxygen pressure supply is available with acceptable volume accuracy. |
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Schober, P, Lust, et al |
J Intensive Care Med |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Purpose of this report is to describe the feasibility of lingual pulse oximetry and lingual near-infrared spectroscopy
(NIRS) in a COVID-19 patient to assess lingual tissue viability after several days of mechanical ventilation in the prone position. Despite the alarming, clinical finding of a grotesquely swollen, rubber-hard tongue and clinical concerns on the adequacy of
the tongue perfusion and oxygenation, our measurements of both arterial pulsatility (SpO(2)) and NIRS-based tissue oxygenation (rSO(2)) suggested adequate perfusion and oxygenation of the tongue, rendering non-vitality of the tongue, e.g. by lingual venous
thrombosis, unlikely. |
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Psychosocial Safety Climate of Employees during COVID-19 in Iran: A Policy Analysis |
Seddighi, H, Dollard, et al |
Disaster Med Public Health Prep |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
This study aims to investigate the impact of the policies on terminating the quarantine period on the perception of
psychosocial safety by employees and workers in Iran. The government approach to and communication about the quarantine period has neglected to consider the psychosocial safety climate of employees, who have to go to their workplaces using buses, subways or
other vehicles, and who are under pressure mentally because of fear of infection, dismissal for non-attendance, and the consequent economic problems. The government approach necessarily impacts on the perceived psychosocial safety climate of employees, and
hence influences the causes of work stress. If the psychosocial safety climate is not considered and improved, it may reduce the quality of services and products, and increase accidents. |
|
Seo, Yong Bok, Suh, et al |
bioRxiv |
Vaccine Research| Recherche sur les vaccins Animal model | Modèle animal |
This study developed a synthetic soluble SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) DNA-based vaccine candidate, GX-19. In mice, immunization
with GX-19 elicited not only S-specific systemic and pulmonary antibody responses but also Th1-biased T cell responses in a dose-dependent manner. GX-19 vaccinated nonhuman primate seroconverted rapidly and exhibited detectable neutralizing antibody response
as well as multifunctional CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses. Notably, when the immunized nonhuman primates were challenged at 10 weeks after the last vaccination with GX-19, they did not develop fever and reduced viral loads in contrast to non-vaccinated primates
as a control. |
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Digital ischemia triggered by coronavirus disease 2019 in a patient
under cemiplimab treatment |
Serra-García, L, Bosch-Amate, et al |
Int J Dermatol |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We present the case of a woman receiving cemiplimab who presented with digital ischemia and positive COVID‐19 serological
tests. |
|
Sethi, JK, Mittal, et al |
Disaster Med Public Health Prep |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
The focus of this study is to monitor the effect of lockdown on the various air pollutants due to COVID-19 pandemic
and identify the ones that affect COVID-19 fatalities so that measures to control the pollution could be enforced.From the experimental work, it has been observed that the pollutants Ozone and Toluene have increased during the lockdown period. It has also
been deduced that the pollutants that may impact the mortalities due to COVID-19 are Ozone, NH3, NO2, and PM10. |
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Changes
in preventive behavior during the first three months of the COVID-19 outbreak in Iran |
Shamsalinia, A, Mohammadi, et al |
Disaster Med Public Health Prep |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
This study aimed to investigate changes in preventive behaviors during the first three months of the COVID-19 outbreak
in Iran. Overall, engagement in preventive behaviors was relatively acceptable and more than 45% of subjects always carried out all preventive behaviors. Engaging in the all preventive behaviors had a peak in the second month and obviously declined during
third month. Engagement in some preventive behaviors such as “wearing a face mask” and “keeping a safe distance from others” observed less than other behaviors. There was statistically significant difference in the engagement in preventive behaviors by gender
and occupation (P<0.001). |
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Sharma, N, Gupta, et al |
Disaster Med Public Health Prep |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
This study was conducted to assess the feasibility of extended use of N95 mask in our hospital during COVID-19 pandemic.
A total of 1121 responses were received. The most common problem stated with reuse of N95 masks was loss of fit followed by damage to the slings, highlighted by 44.6% and 44.4% of the participants, respectively. A total of 476 (42.5%) participants responded
that they would prefer ‘cup-shaped N95 mask with respirator’. The median scores regarding the satisfaction with the quality of masks and their fit was also 4 each. |
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Shelley, CourtneyD, Chadwick, et al |
medRxiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health
interventions*| Interventions de santé publique |
To assess the potential impacts of different reopening plans, we created a modified SIR-type transmission model that
captures multiple known pathways of COVID-19 transmission in a 100,000-person community. Our results show that plans that utilize consecutive days in school and divide students into separated smaller cohorts who attend school together, as well as plans that
emphasize distance learning, are better able to suppress disease spread and reduce risk from an introduced infective into the community. Plans with more consecutive school days are protective for both the schoolchildren and surrounding community by acting
to separate the larger intermixing population into smaller intermixing subpopulations. The "Five-Day Switch" plan, which separates students into two cohorts, each of whom attend in-person learning for five consecutive days followed by five days of distance
learning, best captures these protective attributes. All modeled plans assumed initially disease-free communities and that children's interactions with the community are greatly reduced during instructional days, both for in-person and distance learning. |
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Realtime forecasting of COVID 19 cases in Karnataka state using Artificial
neural network (ANN) |
Shetty, RashmiP, PaiP, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
Demonstrates the capability of Multilayer Perceptron (MLP, an ANN model for forecasting the number of infected cases
in the state of Karnataka in India. It is trained using a fast training algorithm namely, Extreme Learning machine (ELM) to reduce the training time required. |
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Shi, Zumin, Yan, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
This study examined the associations between type-2 diabetes (T2DM) and self-reported/familial COVID-19 infection and
investigated health-related outcomes among those with diabetes during China's nationwide quarantine. Diabetes was associated with a six-fold increased risk of reporting COVID-19 infection among respondents or their family members. Among patients with diabetes,
individuals who rarely wore masks had double the risk of suspected COVID-19 infection compared with those who always wore masks, with an inverse J-shaped relationship between face mask wearing and suspected COVID-19 infection. Only 54-55% of these respondents
claimed to consistently practice preventive measures, including wearing face masks. Almost 60% of those with T2DM experienced food or medication shortages during the quarantine period, which was much higher than those without T2DM (22.7 % and 25.8%, respectively).
Importantly, respondents who experienced medication shortages reported a 63% higher COVID-19 infection rate. |
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Shirin, Tahmina, Bhuiyan, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques Immunology | Immunologie |
Apply World Health Organization disease severity categorization, and measured IgG, IgM, and IgA antibodies to the receptor
binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein by ELISA in infected individuals, mildly symptomatic (n=108) and asymptomatic (n=63) on days 1, 7, 14, and 30 following RT-PCR-based confirmation of infection in Bangladesh. Results were compared to those detected
in pre-pandemic samples, including healthy controls and individuals infected with other viruses commonly seen in this region. Mildly symptomatic individuals developed IgM and IgA antibody responses by day 14 after detection of infection in 72% and 83% of individuals,
respectively, while 95% of these individuals developed an IgG antibody response by day 14, and rose to 100% by day 30. In contrast, individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 but who remained asymptomatic developed antibody responses significantly less frequently.
Results confirm that immune responses are generated following COVID in individuals who develop mildly symptomatic illness. However, those with asymptomatic infection do not respond or have lower antibody levels. |
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Sili, Uluhan, Ay, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
This study aimed to define the predictors of critical illness development within 28 days post-admission. The median
(IQR) age of the cohort was 55.0 (44.0-67.0) years, and 50.1% were male. The most common presenting symptoms were cough, dyspnea and fatigue. Overall, 65.2% of the patients had at least one comorbidity. Hydroxychloroquine was given to 99.2% of the patients.
Critical illness developed in 45 (9.4%; 95%CI: 7.0%-12.4%) patients. In the multivariable analysis, age (HR: 1.05, p<0.001), number of comorbidities (HR: 1.33, p=0.02), procalcitonin ≥0.25 μg/L (HR: 2.12, p=0.03) and LDH ≥350 U/L (HR: 2.04, p=0.03) were independently
associated with critical illness development. The WHO scale on admission was the strongest predictor of critical illness (HR: 4.15, p<0.001). Prognosis improved within the study period (p<0.05). The C-index of the model was 0.92. |
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Siotos, C, Bonett, et al |
J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
In this study we present one case of upper lip pressure ulcer related to prone intubation for respiratory distress
due to SARS-CoV-2 infection, treated with surgical excision and reconstruction. |
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Skoda, EM, Bäuerle, et al |
Int J Soc Psychiatry |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
For this study, 12,028 people completed an online-survey during that time in Germany, when the COVID-19 outbreak gained
momentum with a surge in cases and death rates as well as a lockdown of the public life. Generalized anxiety (GAD-7), depression (PHQ-2), distress (distress thermometer) and COVID-19-specific items, especially COVID-19-related fear, were assessed in healthy
individuals, patients suffering from mental illnesses, and in patients with chronic somatic diseases, known to be at risk for an unfavorable course of COVID-19. Results show that the COVID-19-pandemic significantly worsens psychometric scores throughout the
population – individuals with already heightened levels, like people with mental illnesses now reach concerning levels. Surprisingly, even though generalized anxiety, depressive symptoms, and perceived distress are elevated in individuals with mental illness,
these individuals seem to be less affected by explicit COVID-19-related fear, than the general population or individuals with chronic somatic diseases. This study thus objectively quantifies the psychological impact of COVID-19 in a large sample and provides
evidence for not only the public, but also critically affected individuals with a mental illness. |
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High-Throughput Screening for Drugs That Inhibit Papain-Like Protease in SARS-CoV-2 |
Smith, E, Davis-Gardner, et al |
SLAS Discov |
Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
To identify therapeutics that can be repurposed as SARS-CoV-2 antivirals, we developed and initiated a high-throughput
cell-based screen that incorporates the essential viral papain-like protease (PLpro) and its peptide cleavage site into a luciferase complementation assay to evaluate the efficacy of known drugs encompassing approximately 15,000 clinical-stage or US Food and
Drug Administration (FDA)-approved small molecules. Confirmed inhibitors were also tested to determine their cytotoxic properties. Here, we report the identification of four clinically relevant drugs that exhibit selective inhibition of the SARS-CoV-2 viral
PLpro. |
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Sobieraj, Janusz, Metelski, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique |
Based on the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker (OxCGRT), covering the period from 1st January to 8th June
of 2020, we have developed a longitudinal data model that shows structural differences in crisis management at national level. Using an innovative index developed by Oxford University staff, which combines different measures of government reactions, we describe
the difference in government reactions, showing how changing government responses affects the rate of new infections. |
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Solem, Espen Jimenez, Petersen, et al |
medRxiv |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
This study hypothesized that Machine Learning (ML) models could be used to predict risks at different stages of management
(at diagnosis, hospital admission and ICU admission) and thereby provide insights into drivers and prognostic markers of disease progression and death. The ML models predicted the risk of death (Receiver Operation Characteristics Area Under the Curve, ROC-AUC)
of 0.904 at diagnosis, 0.818, at hospital admission and 0.723 at Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission. Similar metrics were achieved for predicted risks of hospital and ICU admission and use of mechanical ventilation. Identified some common risk factors, including
age, body mass index (BMI) and hypertension as driving factors, although the top risk features shifted towards markers of shock and organ dysfunction in ICU patients. The external validation indicated fair predictive performance for mortality prediction, but
suboptimal performance for predicting ICU admission. |
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Song, W, Jia, et al |
J Infect |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
In summary, we carried out an extensive pathogen screening in a COVID-19 cohort. We didn't detect co-infection of SARS-CoV-2
with other viruses. Co-infection with bacteria was detected in 18 of the 89 patients. M. catarrhalis was detected in two patients with severe symptoms and A. baumannii was detected in one patient with critical symptoms. These bacterial co-infections should
be taken care in managing the COVID-19 patients. |
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After the lockdown: simulating mobility, public health and economic recovery scenarios |
Spelta, A, Flori, et al |
Sci Rep |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health
interventions*| Interventions de santé publique |
This paper aims at estimating the impact on regional productive systems in Italy of the interplay between the epidemic
and the mobility restriction measures put in place to contain the contagion. We focus then on the economic consequences of alternative lockdown lifting schemes. We leverage a massive dataset of human mobility which describes daily movements of over four million
individuals in Italy and we model the epidemic spreading through a metapopulation SIR model, which provides the fraction of infected individuals in each Italian district. To quantify economic backslashes this information is combined with socio-economic data.
We then carry out a scenario analysis to model the transition to a post-lockdown phase and analyze the economic outcomes derived from the interplay between (a) the timing and intensity of the release of mobility restrictions and (b) the corresponding scenarios
on the severity of virus transmission rates. Using a simple model for the spreading disease and parsimonious assumptions on the relationship between the infection and the associated economic backlashes, we show how different policy schemes tend to induce heterogeneous
distributions of losses at the regional level depending on mobility restrictions. Our work shed lights on how recovery policies need to balance the interplay between mobility flows of disposable workers and the diffusion of contagion. |
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Sriwastava, S, Tandon, et al |
J Neurol |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We report the first case of ocular MG developing secondary to COVID-19 infection in a 65-year-old woman. Two weeks
prior to hospitalization, the patient suffered from cough, fever, and diarrhea and was found to be positive for COVID-19 via a nasopharyngeal RT-PCR swab test. The electrodiagnostic test showed decremental response over more than 10% on repetitive nerve stimulation
test of orbicularis oculi. She tested positive for antibodies against acetylcholine receptor. COVID-19 is known to cause the release of inflammatory cytokines, leading to immune-mediated damage. MG is an immune-mediated disorder caused by molecular mimicry
and autoantibodies against the neuromuscular junction. |
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Sugiyama, D, Dexter, et al |
Anesth Analg |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
We compare prolonged times to extubation between a teaching hospital in the United States with a phase I postanesthesia
care unit (PACU) and a teaching hospital in Japan without a PACU. Our report is especially important during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Prolonged times to tracheal extubation were 39% of cases at the US hospital versus 6% at the Japanese
hospital; relative risk 6.40, 99% confidence interval (CI), 4.28–9.56. |
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Lived experiences of Indian Youth amid COVID-19 crisis: An interpretative phenomenological
analysis |
Suhail, A, Iqbal, et al |
Int J Soc Psychiatry |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
The aim of the present study was to get an in-depth analysis of the lived experiences of Indian youth amid COVID-19
crisis and its impact on their mental health. The analysis revealed three master themes: (1) ‘Impact on mental health’, (2) ‘Positive experiences’ and (3) ‘Ways of coping amid the crisis’. |
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SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-mediated cell signaling in
lung vascular cells |
Suzuki, YuichiroJ, Nikolaienko, et al |
bioRxiv |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
The present study reports that the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein alone without the rest of the viral components is sufficient
to elicit cell signaling in lung vascular cells. The treatment of human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells or human pulmonary artery endothelial cells with recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S1 subunit (Val16 - Gln690) at 10 ng/ml (0.13 nM) caused an activation
of MEK phosphorylation. The activation kinetics was transient with a peak at 10 min. The recombinant protein that contains only the ACE2 receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S1 subunit (Arg319 - Phe541), on the other hand, did not cause this
activation. |
|
Swank, Zoe, Michielin, et al |
medRxiv |
Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes |
This paper reports on the development of a microfluidic nano-immunnoassay for the detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG
antibodies in 1024 samples per device. The method achieved a specificity of 100% and a sensitivity of 98% based on the analysis of 289 human serum samples. To eliminate the need for venipuncture, the researchers developed low-cost, ultra-low volume whole blood
sampling methods based on two commercial devices and repurposed a blood glucose test strip. The glucose test strip permits the collection, shipment, and analysis of 0.6 μL whole blood easily obtainable from a simple fingerprick. The nano-immunoassay platform
achieves high-throughput, high sensitivity and specificity, negligible reagent consumption, and a decentralized and simple approach to blood sample collection. |
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An Empirical Model to Estimate the Effect of Social Distance Levels on
COVID-19 Outbreak |
Tabesh, Hamed, Saki, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Transmission Public health interventions*|
Interventions de santé publique Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
The model showed that the minimum level of practicing social distancing in the community should be 80% to control the
first peak of the disease; but after controlling the first peak, maintaining 50% of social distancing policies continuously keeps the number of cases/deaths constant and prevents the occurrence of a new peak. |
|
Taccone, FS, Gevenois, et al |
Crit Care Med |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques Healthcare Response |
Réponse des soins de santé |
OBJECTIVES: To assess the role of thromboprophylaxis regimens on the occurrence of pulmonary embolism in coronavirus
disease 2019 patients. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data on coronavirus disease 2019 patients, included between March 10, and April 30, 2020. SETTING: ICU of an University Hospital in Belgium. PATIENTS AND INTERVENTIONS: Critically
ill adult mechanically ventilated coronavirus disease 2019 patients were eligible if they underwent a CT pulmonary angiography, as part of the routine management in case of persistent hypoxemia or respiratory deterioration. The primary endpoint of this study
was the occurrence of pulmonary embolism according to the use of standard thromboprophylaxis or high regimen thromboprophylaxis. RESULTS: Of 49 mechanically ventilated coronavirus disease 2019, 40 underwent CT pulmonary angiography after a median of 7 days
(4-8 d) since ICU admission and 12 days (9-16 d) days since the onset of symptoms. The use of high-regimen thromboprophylaxis was associated with a lower occurrence of pulmonary embolism than standard regimen. |
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Taha, SAH, Osman, et al |
New Microbes New Infect |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
In Sudan, several haematological studies were conducted to study the ABO blood group distribution among the population,
in which the O blood group was dominant followed by the A blood group. A questionnaire-based case-control study was carried out on 557 individuals with COVID-19 in Sudan; factors such as age, blood group, previous malaria infection, history of ailments such
as diabetes, hypertension and symptoms suffered were also considered and analysed. O Rhesus-positive (O+) blood group was the least affected by the disease while A Rhesus-positive (A+) individuals were the most vulnerable. |
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Nightlife clusters of coronavirus disease in Tokyo between March and April 2020 |
Takaya, S, Tsuzuki, et al |
Epidemiol Infect |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We collected clinical and epidemiological information of the patients who underwent SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing at the National
Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, from 9 March to 26 April 2020. A nightlife group was defined as those who had worked at or visited the businesses. The proportions of positive test results in the nightlife and non-nightlife groups were analyzed
using propensity score matching. We included 1517 individuals; 196 (12.9%) were categorized as the nightlife group. The proportion of positive test results in the nightlife group was significantly higher than that in the non-nightlife group after matching
(nightlife, 63.8%; non-nightlife, 23.0%). Exposure to nightlife businesses was significantly associated with positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test result. An inclusive approach is needed toward risk mitigation related to the businesses. |
|
Tamrakar, Vandana, Srivastava, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
The study examined the association between socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of India's population and
the COVID-19 infection ratio (IR) at the district level. The results showed that the IR is 42.38 per one hundred thousand population in India. The highest IR was observed in Andhra Pradesh (145.0), followed by Maharashtra (123.6), and was the lowest in Chhattisgarh
(10.1). About 80 percent of infected cases and 90 percent of deaths were observed in nine Indian states (Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, and Gujarat). Moreover, observed COVID-19 cold-spots
in central, northern, western, and north-eastern regions of India. The regression analysis found that district-level population density (β: 0.05, CI:004-0.06), the percent of urban population (β:3.08,CI: 1.05-5.11), percent of Scheduled Caste Population (β:
3.92,CI: 0.12-7.72),and district-level testing ratio (β: 0.03,CI: 0.01-0.04) are positively associated with the prevalence of COVID-19. |
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Risk Factors for Mortality in Adult and Elderly COVID-19 Patients
in a Swedish University Hospital |
Tehrani, Sara, Killander, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
The aim of this study was to investigate demographics, co-morbidities and death rate in hospitalized patients with
confirmed COVID-19 in Sweden. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus and obesity were the three most prevalent co-morbidities. At the 60-day follow-up, 70 patients (27%) had died. In multivariate analyses, age, chronic kidney disease and previous stroke were significantly
associated with death. Most fatal cases (90%) occurred in elderly patients. Among the elderly, CFS was the only predictor of death in multivariate analyses. |
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Tekcan Şanlı, DE, Yıldırım, et al |
Diagn Interv Radiol |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
In this study, we aimed to investigate if these specific vascular changes (VCs) in chest CT correlate with clinical
severity of the disease. The results of this study suggest that specific VCs observed in chest CT may predict the disease severity in cases of COVID-19 pneumonia. These changes may be related to respiratory distress in the disease. |
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Temperoni, Chiara, Barchiesi, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Among 673 patients admitted to the ED and diagnosed with COVID-19, 104 (15%) were ≤50 years old: 74% were discharged
at home within 48 h, 26% were hospitalized. Fever occurred in 90% of the cases followed by cough (56%) and dyspnoea (34%). Chest X-ray and/or CT scan revealed ground glass opacity, bilateral patch shadow or focal lesions in 27%, 37% and 10% of the patients,
respectively. The most frequent coexisting conditions were hypertension (11%), thyroid dysfunction (8%) and neurological and/or mental disorders [NMDs] (6%). Mean BMI was 27. Hypokalaemia and NMDs were significantly more common in patients who underwent mechanical
ventilation. Regardless of hospitalization, there was a significant impairment in both the physical and mental functioning. |
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Outcomes of Patients with COVID-19 in the Setting of Chronic Opioid Use
Disorder |
Thiesset, PhD HeatherF, MPH, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Patients that have a diagnosis of opioid use disorder in the presence of COVID-19 are more likely to be hospitalized,
admitted to the ICU, receive mechanical ventilation and have longer hospital inpatient stays compared to patients without opioid use disorder. |
|
Elevated antiviral, myeloid and endothelial inflammatory
markers in severe COVID-19 |
Thwaites, Ryan, Sanchez Sevilla Uruchurtu, et al |
medRxiv |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Immunology | Immunologie |
We analyzed serial plasma samples from 619 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 recruited through the prospective multicenter
ISARIC clinical characterization protocol U.K. study and 39 milder community cases not requiring hospitalization. Elevated levels of numerous mediators including angiopoietin-2, CXCL10, and GM-CSF were seen at recruitment in patients who later died. Markers
of endothelial injury (angiopoietin-2 and von-Willebrand factor A2) were detected early in some patients, while inflammatory cytokines and markers of lung injury persisted for several weeks in fatal COVID-19 despite decreasing antiviral cytokine levels. Overall,
markers of myeloid or endothelial cell activation were associated with severe, progressive, and fatal disease indicating a central role for innate immune activation and vascular inflammation in COVID-19. |
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Genomic evidence for reinfection with SARS-CoV-2: a case study |
Tillett, RichardL, Sevinsky, et al |
The Lancet Infectious Diseases |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
This report describes an investigation of two instances of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the same individual. The patient
had two positive tests for SARS-CoV-2, the first on April 18, 2020, and the second on June 5, 2020, separated by two negative tests done during follow-up in May, 2020. Genomic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 showed genetically significant differences between each variant
associated with each instance of infection. The second infection was symptomatically more severe than the first. |
|
Tonetti, T, Grasselli, et al |
Ann Intensive Care |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
In order to evaluate the impact of Covid-19 on the ICU capacity to manage critically ill patients, we performed a retrospective
analysis of the first 2 weeks of the outbreak (February 24–March 8) in Italy. ICU beds increased from 1545 to 1989 (28.7%), and patients receiving respiratory support outside the ICU increased from 4 (0.6%) to 260 (37.0%). Patients receiving respiratory support
outside the ICU were significantly older [65 vs. 77 years], had more cerebrovascular (5.8 vs. 13.1%) and renal (5.3 vs. 10.0%) comorbidities and less obesity (31.4 vs. 15.5%) than patients admitted to the ICU. PaO2/FiO2 ratio, respiratory rate and arterial
pH were higher [165 vs. 244; 20 vs. 24 breath/min; 7.40 vs. 7.46] and PaCO2 and base excess were lower [34 vs. 42 mmHg; 0.60 vs. 1.30] in patients receiving respiratory support outside the ICU than in patients admitted to the ICU, respectively. Increase in
ICU beds and use of out-of-ICU respiratory support allowed effective management of the first 14 days of the Covid-19 outbreak, avoiding resource rationing. |
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Forecasting COVID-19 cases in the Philippines using
various mathematical models |
Torres, MonicaC, Buhat, et al |
medRxiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
In this study, we consider the cumulative COVID-19 infection cases in the Philippines from March 6 to July 31, 2020
and forecast the cases from August 1 - 15, 2020 using various mathematical models - weighted moving average, exponential smoothing, Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Recovered (SEIR) model, Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process, Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA)
model, and random forest. We then compare the results to the actual data using traditional error metrics. Our results show that the ARIMA(1,2,1) model has the closest forecast values to the actual data. Policymakers can use our result in determining which
forecast method to use for their community in order to have data-based information for the preparation of their personnel and facilities. |
|
Tran, TH, Sasikumar, et al |
Med J Aust |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique |
Comparing data on the numbers of confirmed COVID‐19 infections with mobility data for Australia, Sweden, and South
Korea, countries with distinctly different approaches to mobility restrictions, were assessed to provide insights into the efficacy of such interventions. Three distinct patterns of societal reaction to social restrictions, causing different degrees of economic
shutdown, can be differentiated: near complete lockdown (Australia), relaxed lockdown with preserved workplace activity (Sweden), and minimal lockdown with preservation of both workplace and commercial activity (South Korea). The mobility data curves for Australia
exhibited large converse changes in the residential (20% of baseline) and workplace mobility curves (50% of baseline), suggesting that people did not go to their workplaces but simply stayed home. In Sweden, the change in workplace mobility was smaller (20–40%),
suggesting relative preservation of workplace activity despite reduced residential mobility. For South Korea, the changes in residential and workplace mobility were both small (about 10%), with a progressive loss of symmetry over time, suggesting that people
engaged in other activity (eg, recreational or commercial) that did not affect the infection doubling time |
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Travi, Giovanna, Rossotti, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Aims of our study are to describe prevalence and clinical features of neurological manifestations, mortality and hospital
discharge in subjects hospitalized with COVID-19 in Northern Italy. Neurologic manifestations in COVID-19 are common but heterogeneous. Subjects with isolated neurologic manifestations, experienced a lower mortality than those with respiratory symptoms, suggesting
that neurologic disease may have a different course than when the virus involves respiratory system. |
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Trindade, IA, Ferreira, et al |
Inflamm Bowel Dis |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
This study aimed to explore the links between contextual variables related to the COVID-19 pandemic and disease and
psychological outcomes in 124 Portugese patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Fear of contracting COVID-19 and medication adherence were both high and unrelated. About half of the sample presented moderate (37.10%) to severe (14.50%) anxiety. Normal and
mild anxiety levels were at 29.80% and 18.50%, respectively. Regarding depressive symptoms, 51.60% of the sample presented normal levels, 27.40% mild severity, 16.10% moderate, and 4.8% severe. No differences were found between Crohn’s disease and ulcerative
colitis patients. Regression analyses showed that anxiety explained IBD symptom perception (β = 0.29; P = 0.022); fear of contracting COVID-19 (β = 0.35; P < 0.001) and IBD symptom perception (β = −0.22; P = 0.009) explained depressive symptoms; and fear of
contracting COVID-19 (β = 0.41; P < 0.001), IBD symptom perception (β = 0.26, P < 0.001), and being in isolation (β = −0.16, P = 0.041) explained anxiety. Type of medication was not linked to these outcomes. |
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Tromans, S, Chester, et al |
BJPsych Open |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
This study aims to describe secondary mental health service utilisation pre-lockdown and during lockdown within Leicestershire,
UK, and the numbers of serious incidents during this time frame. Significantly (P < 0.05) reduced referrals to a diverse range of mental health services were observed during lockdown, including child and adolescent, adult, older people and intellectual disability
services. Although admissions remained relatively stable before and during lockdown for several services, admissions to both acute adult and mental health services for older people were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced during lockdown. Numbers of serious incidents
in the pre-lockdown and lockdown periods were similar, with 23 incidents pre-lockdown, compared with 20 incidents in lockdown. |
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Tsai, M, Hardebeck, et al |
Appl Psychol Health Well Being |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique RCT |
This study evaluated the effectiveness of an online psychological intervention based on the Awareness, Courage, and
Love (ACL) model from Functional Analytic Psychotherapy to promote closeness between couples during the pandemic. Thirty‐one couples were randomised into either the intervention or control group for a 2‐hour online group session. The intervention was designed
to increase closeness between couples, whereas control group members watched a movie. In both groups, participants responded to two instruments that assessed the couple's relationship. The intervention group’s closeness increased by 23 per cent while the control
group’s closeness increased only 2 per cent. A week later, a significant difference between the two groups emerged on closeness. |
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Tsutae, Wataru, Chaochaisit, et al |
medRxiv |
Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes |
This research conducted a comparative study between primers from different countries' disease control centers. 11,652
samples from Japanese population were tested for SARS-CoV-2 positive using recommended RT-PCR primers/probe sets from Japan National Institute of Infectious Disease (NIID) and US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Of the 102 positive samples,
17 samples (16.7% of total positives) showed inconsistent results when tested for the following primers: JPN-N2, JPN-N1, CDC-N1, and CDC-N2. In addition, CDC recommended primer/probe sets showed relatively higher sensitivity and accuracy among the primer/probe
sets used for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 positive clones. |
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The association of coagulopathy with liver dysfunction in patients with COVID-19 |
Tsutsumi, T, Saito, et al |
Hepatol Res |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
we examined COVID‐19 patients to explore the proportion of patients with liver dysfunction and also the factors associated
with liver dysfunction. Among 60 patients, there were thirty‐one (52%) high‐ALT patients. The high‐ALT patients were obese and had significantly higher levels of D‐dimer and fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products as well as white blood cell (WBC) count and
levels of C‐reactive protein, ferritin, and fibrinogen. Multivariable analysis revealed D‐dimer and WBC as independent factors. |
|
Tung, LT, Thanh, et al |
Data Brief |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
This study discusses a survey that collected various information from respondents, including socioeconomic characteristics,
responses on the government risk communication, understandings of COVID-19, risk perception of COVID-19, and compliance with safety measures. The dataset could serve as a reference source for similar surveys in other countries to understand the government
risk communication, the public's understandings, their risk perception, and their compliance during the on-going COVID-19 and similar crises. |
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Mental distress among U.S. adults during the COVID-19 pandemic |
Twenge, JM, Joiner, et al |
J Clin Psychol |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
This study aims to document the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on mental health from survey results of 2,032 U.S.
adults. Compared to the 2018 NHIS sample, U.S. adults in April 2020 were eight times more likely to fit criteria for serious mental distress (27.7% vs. 3.4%) and three times more likely to fit criteria for moderate or serious mental distress (70.4% vs. 22.0%).
Differences between the 2018 and 2020 samples appeared across all demographic groups, with larger differences among younger adults and those with children in the household. These considerable levels of mental distress may portend substantial increases in diagnosed
mental disorders and in their associated morbidity and mortality. |
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Evaluation of disease severity with quantitative chest CT in COVID-19 patients |
Ufuk, F, Demirci, et al |
Diagn Interv Radiol |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
We aimed to assess the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia on computed tomography (CT) using quantitative (QCT) and semiquantitative
(SCT) assessments and compare with the clinical findings. A significant correlation was found between QCT and SCT scores (P < 0.001, r = 0.661). Both QCT and SCT scores showed a significant correlation with clinical severity score (P < 0.001, r = 0.620 and
P = 0.004, r = 0.529, respectively). The ROC analysis revealed the AUC of QCT and SCT for differentiation of limited and extensive disease as 0.873 (95% CI, 0.774–0.972) and 0.816 (95% CI, 0.673–0.959), respectively. |
|
Urigo, C, Soin, et al |
Radiol Case Rep |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
A 54 year old male patient with no history of smoking, asthma or other underlying chronic lung disease, presented to
our emergency department with severe Covid-19 symptoms. His chest x-ray and CT scan on arrival at the emergency department, and prior to any intervention, demonstrated severe bilateral Covid-19 pneumonia complicated by a pneumomediastinum. The aetiology of
the pneumomediastinum is thought to be a direct complication of severe covid-19 pneumonia in absence of any previous respiratory history or iatrogenic cause. |
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COVID-19 risk stratification algorithms based on sTREM-1 and IL-6 in emergency
department |
Van Singer, M, Brahier, et al |
J Allergy Clin Immunol |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
This study aimed to assess the predictive accuracy of host biomarkers at clinical presentation to the ED for adverse
outcome. We found that soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (sTREM-1) had the best prognostic accuracy for 30-day intubation/mortality (AUROC 0.86; 95% CI 0.77-0.95) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) measured at presentation to the ED had the best
accuracy for 30-day oxygen requirement (AUROC 0.84; 95% CI 0.74-0.94) .An algorithm based on respiratory rate and sTREM-1 predicted 30-day intubation/mortality with 94% sensitivity and 0.1 NLR. An IL-6-based algorithm had 98% sensitivity and 0.04 negative
likelihood ratio (NLR) for 30-day oxygen requirement. |
|
Vanella, Patrizio, Basellini, et al |
arXiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
We present a blend of classical epidemiological approaches to estimating excess mortality during extraordinary events
with an established demographic approach in mortality forecasting, namely a Lee-Carter type model, which covers the named limitations and draws a more realistic picture of the excess mortality. We illustrate our approach using weekly age- and sex-specific
mortality data for 19 countries and the current COVID-19 pandemic as a case study. |
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|
Varghese, Abraham, Kolamban, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
Formulated a deterministic compartmental model (SEAMHCRD) including various stages of infection, such as Mild, Moderate,
Severe and Critical to study the spreading of COVID-19 and estimated the model parameters by fitting the model with the reported data of ongoing pandemic in Oman. |
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Vieira Bertozzi, Pedro, de Oliveira Vicente, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
A 73-years-old-man patient who had a history of Human Immunodefiency Virus (HIV) infection for over 20 years was diagnosed
with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The patient had several risk factors, such as: male gender, age> 70 years and hypertension. The use of To-cilizumab was of great importance in the patient's recovery, since the drug increased his immune response, which is deficient,
due to HIV infection. |
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Villa, G, Romagnoli, et al |
Crit Care |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We performed a retrospective, observational study of blood gas analyses (n = 3518) obtained from patients with COVID‐19
to investigate changes in haemoglobin oxygen (Hb–O2) affinity. Calculated oxygen tension at half‐saturation (p50) was on average (±SD) 3·3 (3·13) mmHg lower than the normal p50 value (23·4 vs. 26·7 mmHg; P < 0·0001). Compared to an unmatched historic control
of patients with other causes of severe respiratory failure, patients with COVID‐19 had a significantly higher Hb–O2 affinity (mean [SD] p50 23·4 [3·13] vs. 24·6 [5.4] mmHg; P < 0·0001). We hypothesise that, due to the long disease process, acclimatisation
to hypoxaemia could play a role. |
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Vogel, DJ, Formenti, et al |
Br J Haematol |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We performed a retrospective, observational study of blood gas analyses (n = 3518) obtained from patients with COVID‐19
to investigate changes in haemoglobin oxygen (Hb–O2) affinity. Calculated oxygen tension at half‐saturation (p50) was on average (±SD) 3·3 (3·13) mmHg lower than the normal p50 value (23·4 vs. 26·7 mmHg; P < 0·0001). Compared to an unmatched historic control
of patients with other causes of severe respiratory failure, patients with COVID‐19 had a significantly higher Hb–O2 affinity (mean [SD] p50 23·4 [3·13] vs. 24·6 [5.4] mmHg; P < 0·0001). We hypothesise that, due to the long disease process, acclimatisation
to hypoxaemia could play a role. |
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Low zinc levels at clinical admission associates
with poor outcomes in COVID-19 |
Vogel, Marina, Tallo-Parra, et al |
medRxiv |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
This study hypothesized that serum zinc content (SZC) influences COVID-19 disease progression and thus might represent
a useful biomarker. The study demonstrates a correlation between serum zinc levels and COVID-19 outcome. Serum zinc levels lower than 50 mcgg/dl at admission correlated with worse clinical presentation, longer time to reach stability and higher mortality.
In vitro results indicate that low zinc levels favor viral expansion in SARS-CoV2 infected cells. |
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COVID-19 in older adults: a series of 76 patients 85 years old and above with COVID-19 |
Vrillon, A, Hourregue, et al |
J Am Geriatr Soc |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
This prospective cohort study describes clinical features and outcome of COVID‐19 in patients above the age of 85 years
and study risk factors for mortality. Most common symptoms were asthenia (76.3%), fever (75.0%), confusion and delirium (71.1%). Inaugural fall was reported in 25.0% of cases and digestive symptoms in 22.4%. COVID‐19 was severe in 51.3% of cases, moderate
in 32.9% and mild in 15.8%. Complications included acute respiratory syndrome (28.9%), cardiac decompensation (14.5%) and hypotensive shock (9.0%). Fatality at 21 days was 28.9%, after a median course of disease of 13 (8‐17) days. Males were overrepresented
in non‐survivors (68.2%). In survivors, median length of stay was 12 (9‐19.5) days. Independent predictive factors of death were CRP level at admission and lymphocytes count at nadir. |
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PMC7531559; Synthea™ Novel coronavirus (COVID-19) model and synthetic data set |
Walonoski, J, Klaus, et al |
Intell Based Med |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Clinical data| Données cliniques Healthcare
Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
The Synthea COVID-19 data set is a longitudinal set of synthetic COVID-19 patients and their EHR records. This data
has been used in several online challenges, hackathons, and conferences related to the COVID-19 global pandemic. Synthetic data is secure and privacy preserving way to distribute realistic data to academic researchers, students, and practitioners suitable
for a variety of use-cases. Synthetic data aligns with the principles of open-science: open access, open source, open data. |
|
Wang, H, Song, et al |
Allergy |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Evaluated ACE2 expression in repository sinonasal mucosal samples from 39 control subjects without CRS, 55
patients with CRS and nasal polyps (CRSwNP), and 42 patients with CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP), which were collected before the COVID-19 outbreak. Samples were evaluated by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. This study provides the first evidence of regional
differences in ACE2 expression in the sinonasal mucosa of patients with CRS and that ACE2 expression in CRS tissues is associated with type I IFN response and not type 2 response. |
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Wang, L, Ma, et al |
CMAJ Open |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
We conducted a population-based prospective cohort study involving individuals tested for SARS-CoV-2 in the Greater
Toronto Area between Jan. 23, 2020, and May 20, 2020. We observed a shift in the proportion of cumulative cases from all cases being related to travel to cases in residents of long-term care homes (20.4% [3368/16 490]), shelters (2.3% [372/16 490]), other
congregate settings (20.9% [3446/16 490]) and community settings (35.4% [5834/16 490]), with cumulative travel-related cases at 4.1% (674/16490). Cumulatively, compared with the rest of the population, the diagnosed cases per capita was 64-fold and 19-fold
higher among long-term care home and shelter residents, respectively. By May 20, 2020, 76.3% (21 617/28 316) of long-term care home residents and 2.2% (150 077/6 808 890) of the rest of the population had been tested. After adjusting for age and sex, residents
of long-term care homes were 2.4 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.2–2.7) times more likely to test positive, and those who received a diagnosis of COVID-19 were 1.4-fold (95% CI 1.1–1.8) more likely to die than the rest of the population. |
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The vitamin D for COVID-19 (VIVID) trial: A pragmatic cluster-randomized design |
Wang, R, DeGruttola, et al |
Contemp Clin Trials |
RCT |
Study Protocol: The proposed pragmatic trial will allow parallel testing of vitamin D3 supplementation for early treatment
and post-exposure prophylaxis of COVID-19. The household cluster design provides a cost-efficient approach to testing an intervention for reducing rates of hospitalization and/or mortality in newly diagnosed cases and preventing infection among their close
household contacts. |
|
Wang, Y, Gai, et al |
Mol Genet Genomics |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
We collected 58 virus species and found that the enrichment of iMet is higher in all viruses compared to human. Our
study indicates that the genome sequences of viruses like SARS-CoV-2 have the advantage of competing for the iMet–tRNAs with host mRNAs. The capture of iMet–tRNAs allows the fast translation initiation and the reproduction of virus itself, which compensates
the lower tAI of viral genes. This might explain why the virus could rapidly translate its own RNA and reproduce itself from the sea of host mRNAs. |
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Wang, Y, Yao, et al |
BMC Infect Dis |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
A retrospective analysis of 67 collected cases was conducted in Suzhou Fifth People’s Hospital (China) to determine
indicators for the prediction and treatment of severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Based on the analysis, fibrinogen (FIB) was found to be increased in severe patients and was better than lymphocyte count and myoglobin in distinguishing general and severe patients.
The study also suggested that hormone treatment has no significant effect on COVID-19. |
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Wegbom, Anthony Ike, Edet, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
Despite the high knowledge and the risks associated with self-medication among the respondents, the practice is prevalent
for perceived COVID-19 prevention and treatment. Based on the findings of this study the media and the community-based should be engaged to create awareness on the dangers of self-medication and the need for positive health behaviour concerning COVID-19. Pharmacies,
patent medicine vendors, and traditional medicine practitioners have a role to play since most of the drugs are bought from them. |
|
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Severe COVID-19 patients display a back boost of
seasonal coronavirus-specific antibodies |
Westerhuis, BrendaM, Aguilar-Bretones, et al |
medRxiv |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Immunology | Immunologie |
To investigate antibody cross-reactivity as potential explanation for severe disease, we determined the kinetics, breadth,
magnitude and level of cross-reactivity of IgG against SARS-CoV-2 and seasonal CoV nucleocapsid and spike from 17 severe COVID-19 cases at the clonal level. Although patients mounted a mostly type-specific SARS-CoV-2 response, B-cell clones directed against
seasonal CoV dominated and strongly increased over time. Seasonal CoV IgG responses that did not neutralize SARS-CoV-2 were boosted well beyond detectable cross-reactivity, particularly for HCoV-OC43 spike. These findings support a back-boost of poorly protective
coronavirus-specific antibodies in severe COVID-19 patients that may negatively impact de novo SARS-CoV-2 immunity, reminiscent of original antigenic sin. |
|
Williams, NathalieE, Yao, et al |
medRxiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health
interventions*| Interventions de santé publique |
While isolating asymptomatic cases will be necessary to effectively control viral spread, these cases are functionally
invisible and there is no current method to identify them for isolation. To address this major omission in COVID-19 control, we develop a strategy, Sampling-Testing-Quarantine (STQ), for identifying and isolating individuals with asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 in
order to mitigate the epidemic. STQ uses probability sampling in the general population, regardless of symptoms, then isolates the individuals who test positive along with their household members who are high probability for asymptomatic infections. To test
the potential efficacy of STQ, we use an agent-based model, designed to computationally simulate the epidemic in the Seattle with infection parameters, like R0 and asymptomatic fraction, derived from population data. Our results suggest that STQ can substantially
slow and decrease the spread of COVID-19, even in the absence of school and work shutdowns. Results also recommend which sampling techniques, frequency of implementation, and population subject to isolation are most efficient in reducing spread with limited
numbers of tests. |
|
|
Wiseman, DavidM, Kory, et al |
medRxiv |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
This paper presents the protocol to conduct a post hoc exploratory re-analyses of the de-identified raw datasets from
randomized studies of the use of HCQ for pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis, and treatment of early of COVID-19 with view to further defining: (a) The time dependent effect of HCQ, on post exposure prophylaxis and treatment of COVID-19; (b) The age dependent
effect of HCQ, on pre- and post- exposure prophylaxis and treatment of COVID-19; (c) The sub-stratification of gender, time- and age-dependent effects by exposure type and risk level, as well as by the use of zinc and ascorbic acid; (d) The design of prospective
clinical trials designed to test the hypotheses generated by this study. |
|
|
Role of high-dose exposure in transmission hot zones
as a driver of SARS-CoV2 dynamics |
Wodarz, Dominik, Komarova, et al |
medRxiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
This study explored the effect on infection dynamics and described a new mathematical model where transmission can
occur (i) in the community at large, characterized by low dose exposure and mostly mild disease, and (ii) in so called transmission hot zones, characterized by high dose exposure that can be associated with more severe disease. The authors found that successful
infection spread can hinge upon high-dose hot zone transmission, yet the majority of infections are predicted to occur in the community at large with mild disease. This gives rise to the prediction that targeted interventions that specifically reduce virus
transmission in the hot zones (but not in the community at large) have the potential to suppress overall infection spread, including in the community at large. |
|
Wong, TonyE, Thurston, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Surveillance |
This study used an hypothetical residential university to evaluate the efficacy of wastewater surveillance to maintain
low infection rates. Found that wastewater sampling with a 1-day lag to initiate individual screening tests, plus completing the subsequent tests within a 4-day period can keep overall infections within 5% of the infection rates seen with traditional individual
surveillance testing. Results also indicate that wastewater surveillance can be an effective way to dramatically reduce the number of false positive cases by identifying subpopulations for surveillance testing where infectious individuals are more likely to
be found. Through a Monte Carlo risk analysis, the authors found that surveillance testing that relies solely on wastewater sampling can be fragile against scenarios with high viral reproductive numbers and high rates of infection of campus community members
by outside sources. |
|
|
Wu, D, Gong, et al |
IEEE J Biomed Health Inform |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
In this work, we proposed a hybrid weak label-based deep learning method that utilize both the manually annotated pulmonary
opacities from COVID-19 pneumonia and the patient-level disease-type information available from the clinical report. A UNet was firstly trained with semantic labels to segment the total infected region. It was used to initialize another UNet, which was trained
to segment the consolidations with patient-level information using the Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm. To demonstrate the performance of the proposed method, multi-institutional CT datasets from Iran, Italy, South Korea, and the United States were
utilized. Results show that our proposed method can predict the infected regions as well as the consolidation regions with a good correlation to human annotation. |
|
|
Optimal Testing Strategy for Containing COVID-19: A Case-Study
on Indian Migrant Worker Population |
Wu, Manxi, Shelar, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Public health interventions*| Interventions
de santé publique |
Study the problem of allocating testing resources to manage the COVID19 infection growth rate among populations of
individuals that include local residents of a |
|
Xia, J, Zhang, et al |
Crit Care Med |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of high-flow nasal oxygen treatment and to identify the variables predicting
high-flow nasal oxygen treatment failure in coronavirus disease 2019 patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. DESIGN: A multicenter, retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Three tertiary hospitals in Wuhan, China. PATIENTS: Forty-three confirmed coronavirus
disease 2019 adult patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure treated with high-flow nasal oxygen. RESULTS: High-flow nasal oxygen failure (defined as upgrading respiratory support to positive pressure ventilation or death) was observed in 20 patients
(46.5%), of which 13 (30.2%) required endotracheal intubation. Patients with high-flow nasal oxygen success had a higher median oxygen saturation at admission than those with high-flow nasal oxygen failure. High-flow nasal oxygen failure was more likely in
patients who were older and male, had a significant increase in respiratory rate and a significant decrease in the ratio of oxygen saturation/FIO2 to respiratory rate index within 3 days of high-flow nasal oxygen treatment. |
|
|
Xiang, Pan, Xu, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Case report describes seizures, maxillofacial convulsions, intractable hiccups and significant increase in intracranial
pressure developed in a 56-year-old man 14 days post COVID-19 infection. The report indicated SARS-CoV-2 can invade the central nervous system and relevant examinations with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) including ultrahigh depth sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 are
needed among COVID-19 patients with neurological dysfunction. |
|
|
Identifying Age-Related Risk Factors in COVID-19 Independent of
Disease Severity |
Xie, Chunmei, Chang, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques Immunology | Immunologie |
The molecular and cellular mechanisms that render patients with advanced age susceptible to severe COVID-19 disease
remains unknown. The study finds that older subjects (>=30 years) had significantly elevated levels of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, but no change in any of the pro-inflammatory cytokines. While an expansion of NKT cell fraction was observed in older patients,
a decrease in CD8+ T cell fraction was observed in these patients. In addition, older subjects had a delayed humoral response measured as IgM and IgG levels. Overall, these patients had significantly elevated viral load compared to young subjects. The study
demonstrate altered early inflammatory and antiviral responses contributing to the age-related susceptibility to COVID-19. |
|
COVID-19: a risk factor for fatal outcomes in patients with comorbid cardiovascular
disease |
Xu, H, Ai, et al |
Aging (Albany NY) |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
This study evaluates the fatal impact of COVID-19 on patients with comorbid cardiovascular disease (CVD). Comorbid
CVD resulted in a higher mortality rate for COVID-19 patients. Acute respiratory distress syndrome was the primary reason of death for COVID-19 patients with comorbid CVD, followed by acute myocardial infarction. |
|
Xu, J, Ge, et al |
Geophys Res Lett |
Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique |
In this study, we evaluated the variations of air quality in Lanzhou, China impacted by the COVID‐19 lockdown. The
mass concentration and chemical composition of non‐refractory submicron particulate matter (NR‐PM1) were determined during January‐March 2020. The concentration of NR‐PM1 dropped by 50% from before to during control period. The five aerosol components (sulfate,
nitrate, ammonium, chloride, and organic aerosol [OA]) all decreased during the control period with the biggest decrease observed for secondary inorganic species (70% of the total reduction). Though the mass concentration of OA decreased during the control
period, its source emissions varied differently. OA from coal and biomass burning remained stable from before to during control period, while traffic and cooking related emissions were reduced by 25% and 50%, respectively. The low concentration during the
control period was attributed to the lower production rate for secondary aerosols. |
|
|
Yan, Y, Diao, et al |
JAMA Ophthalmol |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
In this case study, nucleocapsid protein antigens were detected on the cells of the conjunctiva, iris, and trabecular
meshwork of a patient with a COVID-19 infection, and these antigens were absent on the specimens from the control patient. In addition, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor proteins were detected in the conjunctiva cells of this patient and a control participant.
Nucleocapsid protein antigens of SARS-CoV-2 existed in the inner ocular tissues of a patient previously infected with COVID-19, which implied that SARS-CoV-2 can infect ocular tissues as well as the respiratory system. |
|
|
Kidney injury molecule-1 is a potential receptor for
SARS-CoV-2 |
Yang, Chen, Zhang, et al |
bioRxiv |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
Presently, it is generally recognized that SARS-CoV-2 initiates invasion through binding of receptor-binding domain
(RBD) of spike protein to host cell-membrane receptor ACE2, however, whether there is additional target of SARS-CoV-2 in kidney remains unclear. Kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM1) is a transmembrane protein that drastically up-regulated after renal injury. Here,
binding between SARS-CoV2-RBD and the extracellular Ig V domain of KIM1 was identified by molecular simulations and co-immunoprecipitation, which was comparable in affinity to that of ACE2 to SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, KIM1 facilitated cell entry of SARS-CoV2-RBD,
which was potently blockaded by a rationally designed KIM1-derived polypeptide. Together, the findings suggest KIM1 may mediate and exacerbate SARS-CoV-2 infection in a vicious cycle, and KIM1 could be further explored as a therapeutic target. |
|
Yates, JenniferL, Ehrbar, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques Immunology | Immunologie |
This study examined the relationship between COVID-19 disease severity, and the levels of circulating SARS-CoV-2-specific
antibodies, including virus neutralizing titers. Through a serological analysis of serum samples from 536 convalescent healthcare workers, the authors found that SARS-CoV-2-specific and virus-neutralizing antibody levels were indeed elevated in individuals
that experienced severe disease. The severity-associated increase in SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody was dominated by IgG, with an IgG subclass ratio skewed towards elevated receptor binding domain (RBD)- and S1-specific IgG3. However, RBD- and S1-specific IgG1,
rather than IgG3 were best correlated with virus-neutralizing titers. |
|
|
Characteristics and Management of Children With COVID-19 in a Tertiary Care Hospital
in Turkey |
Yayla, BCC, Aykac, et al |
Clin Pediatr (Phila) |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
The objective of this study was to assess the children with COVID-19 in Turkey. The disease course of COVID-19 appears
to be milder in children than in adults, and the treatment course primarily consists of supportive care. |
|
Yoon, EJ, Tong, et al |
World Neurosurg |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
In this study, we sought to prospectively determine the level of patient satisfaction with neurosurgery telemedicine
visits during the COVID-19 pandemic. With 310 patients prospectively studied, our high level of patient satisfaction strongly supported the use of telemedicine care in neurosurgical outpatient care, regardless of the patients’ geographical location and visit
type. |
|
|
Younis, I, Longsheng, et al |
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
In this study, authors analyze the effectiveness of preventive measures taken in thirteen regions of China based on
the feedback provided by 1135 international students studying in China. The study adopted a mixed (qualitative and quantitative) approach where the findings can act as a set of guidelines for governmental authorities in formulating, assisting in the preparation,
instructing, and guiding policies to prevent and control the epidemic COVID-19 at national, local, and divisional levels. |
|
|
Clinical Characteristics of the Discharged COVID-19 Patients with
Re-Positive Nucleic Acid Test |
Yu, Yun, Zhang, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Among a sample of confirmed COVID-19 patients (n=365) discharged from hospital in spring, 31 presented re-positive
SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test (RP). Mean age of the RP group was 56·35±14·41(24-85) years, with 14(45·16%) patients older than 60 years. There was no obvious difference of age between RP group and control group. The mean time from onset to admission was significant
longer in the RP group, who also displayed a milder clinical course. In laboratory tests, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, c-reaction protein, CK-MBactivity, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), lactate dehydrogenase, hematocrit, and glucose were lower in RP group. Cardiovascular
disease and drinking were significant different between RP group and Matched group. Compared to the Matched group, shortness of breath and weight loss were more common in RP group. |
|
Yuan, J, Chen, et al |
Clin Infect Dis |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Transmission Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
Authors investigated the COVID-19 outbreak to identify the possibility of sewage transmission as a possible mode of
transmission. The investigation has for the first time pointed to the possibility that SARS-CoV-2 might spread by sewage. |
|
|
Yuan, Pei, Li, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health
interventions*| Interventions de santé publique |
Here we aim to capture the combination of use of non-pharmaceutical interventions and reopening measures which will
prevent an infection rebound. We employ an SEAIR model with household structure able to capture the stay-at-home policy (SAHP) in Toronto. The estimated basic reproduction number R_0 was 2.36 in Toronto. After the implementation of the SAHP, the contact rate
outside the household fell by 39%. When people properly respect the SAHP, the outbreak can be quickly controlled, but extending its duration beyond two months (65 days) had little effect. Our findings also suggest that to avoid a large rebound of the epidemic,
the average number of contacts per person per day should be kept below nine. This study suggests that fully reopening schools, offices, and other activities, is possible if the use of other NPIs is strictly adhered to. |
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Yuan, T, Liu, et al |
Med Sci Monit |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
This study aimed to survey the affecting factors of COVID-19 prevention behavior among nursing students in China. Good
eHealth literacy, good knowledge, and a positive attitude were the most important variables that affected the prevention behavior against COVID-19. |
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Zabadi, Hamzeh Al, Haj-Yahya, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
Assess the prevalence and predictors of anxiety and stress severity among the Palestinian population. Among respondents
Anxiety prevalence was 25.15%, with 20.08% as mild/moderate anxiety. The prevalence of stress was 38.77% with 22.21% had mild/moderate stress. The prevalence of both anxiety and stress was 20.3% among participants. Males were less likely to have mild\moderate
degree or sever\extremely sever degree of stress compared to females. Shortage of food supply, those having high-risk group family member, those who considered conversation with other people as source of information and those reporting higher fear of being
infected were more likely to have higher degree of stress and/or anxiety compared to normal. Those with a monthly income of less than 2000 New Israeli Shekels (<555 USD) were significantly more likely to have mild/moderate stress compared to normal and higher
monthly incomes. Gaza residency also shows significant negative predictor of stress severity compared to West Bank and Jerusalem. |
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Retest positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA of recovered pregnant women with COVID-19 |
Zanardini, C, Saccani, et al |
Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
In this study, authors describe two cases of asymptomatic pregnant women recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection who retested
positive. Although there is probably a low chance that retest positive patients may transmit the disease 5, pregnant/postpartum women with these features should be managed as potentially infectious. |
|
A genetic variant protective against severe COVID-19
is inherited from Neandertals |
Zeberg, Hugo, Pääbo, et al |
bioRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
Using data from a recent genome-wide associations from the Genetics of Mortality in Critical Care (GenOMICC) consortium,
the authors show that a haplotype at a region associated with requiring intensive care is inherited from Neandertals. It encodes proteins that activate enzymes that are important during infections with RNA viruses. As compared to the previously described Neandertal
risk haplotype, this Neandertal haplotype is protective against severe COVID-19, is of more moderate effect, and is found at substantial frequencies in all regions of the world outside Africa. |
|
Zeng, C, Evans, et al |
JCI Insight |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Immunology | Immunologie |
In this study, authors describe and apply a rapid, sensitive, and accurate virus neutralization assay for SARS-CoV-2
antibodies. This study highlights a wide phenotypic variation in human antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2, and demonstrates the efficacy of a novel lentivirus pseudotype assay for high-throughput serological surveys of neutralizing antibody titers in large
cohorts. |
|
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Zhang, C, Yang, et al |
Eur J Med Res |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Authors discuss how quantitative lesions may provide the radiological evidence of the severity of pneumonia and further
to assess the effect of comorbidity on patients with COVID-19. Multi-task Unet network can make quantitative CT analysis of lesions to assess the effect of comorbidity on patients with COVID-19, further to provide the radiological evidence of the severity
of pneumonia. |
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The Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Teenagers in China |
Zhang, C, Ye, et al |
J Adolesc Health |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
The aim of this study was to survey junior high and high school students in China to better understand the psychological
consequences, such as anxiety, depression, and stress, of the COVID-19 pandemic. During the COVID-19 pandemic in China, more than one fifth of junior high and high school students' mental health was affected. |
|
Zhang, D, Guo, et al |
J Leukoc Biol |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
In this study, authors performed flow cytometric analysis of peripheral blood samples from 34 COVID-19 patients in
early 2020 in an attempt to identify factors that could help predict the severity of disease and patient outcome. The detection and serial monitoring of this subset of inflammatory monocytes using flow cytometry could be of great help in guiding the prognostication
and treatment of patients with COVID-19 and merits further evaluation. |
|
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Zhang, J, Zhang, et al |
Environ Health Prev Med |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
This study intends to examine the factors associated with cesarean section (CS) during lockdown time. A high cesarean
delivery rate was found in uninfected women who experienced lockdown in their third trimester. |
|
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Zhang, Junyi, Yoshida, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique |
This study investigates how transport accessibility was associated with the accumulative number of confirmed cases
of COVID-19 and its daily new cases, at the prefecture level, in Japan. Analysis results suggest that the Japanese government may need to pay sufficient attention to lifting various restrictions of both activity participation and trip making, both within cities
and across cities, for preventing further spread of this virus in Japan. |
|
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Zhang, K, Vilches, et al |
Int J Infect Dis |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique |
Authors sought to quantify the impact of several public health measures, including non-medical mask-wearing, shelter-in-place,
and detection of silent infections to help inform COVID-19 mitigation strategies. Mask-wearing, even with the use of non-medical masks with only 20% efficacy in preventing disease transmission, has a substantial impact on outbreak control. Shelter-in-place
strategies remain an important public health intervention, amid ongoing outbreaks. |
|
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Zhang, Peng, Tian, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We report the key demographic characteristics and short-term outcomes of 3,102 SARS-CoV-2 infected asymptomatic people
identified through rigorous contact tracing, followed by observation during quarantine, in Hubei Province, China. After quarantine, 2928 were classified as asymptomatic and 174 were pre-symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 contacts, with a pre-symptomatic case fatality
(11/174) of 6.3%. |
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Zhang, W, Hou, et al |
Intern Emerg Med |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
In this study, authors aimed to explore the clinical characteristics and outcomes in older patients with COVID-19.
Age was associated with the mortality in patients with COVID-19. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the treatment of comorbidities and complications in elderly patients. |
|
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The Proteomic Characteristics of Airway Mucus from Critical Ill
COVID-19 Patients |
Zhang, Zili, Wang, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
In this study, we performed proteomic analyses of airway mucus obtained by bronchoscopy from severe COVID-19 patients.
Pathway and network enrichment analyses revealed that the 92 differentiated expressed proteins found were mostly associated with metabolic, complement and coagulation cascades, lysosome, and cholesterol metabolism pathways, and the 375 COVID-19 only proteins
were mainly enriched in amino acid degradation, amino acid metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, phagosome, and cholesterol metabolism pathways. |
|
Zhao, Dan, Xu, et al |
bioRxiv |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
In this study, we discovered that the N protein of SARS-CoV-2 undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) both
in vitro and in vivo, which is further modulated by viral RNA. In addition, we found that, the core component of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of SARS-CoV-2, nsp12, preferentially partitions into the N protein condensates. Moreover, we revealed that,
two small molecules, i.e., CVL218 and PJ34, can be used to intervene the N protein driven phase separation and loosen the compact structures of the condensates of the N-RNA-nsp12 complex of SARS-CoV-2. The discovery of the LLPS-mediated interplay between N
protein and nsp12 and the corresponding modulating compounds illuminates a feasible way to improve the accessibility of antiviral drugs (e.g., remdesivir) to their targets (e.g., nsp12/RdRp), and thus may provide useful hints for further development of effective
therapeutic strategies against SARS-CoV-2. |
|
|
Zhao, Jian, He, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Public Health Priorities| Priorités de santé publique Public Health response| Interventions
de santé publique |
Examined sleep patterns before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, and their associations with mental health in children
and adolescents during the pandemic in Shanghai, China. Children and adolescents aged 6-17 years (n=7544) were randomly selected from ten schools in Shanghai, China in January, 2020. A total of 19.9%, 25.1% and 15.3% participants reported depression, anxiety
and stress symptoms, respectively. Significant changes of both sleep duration and sleep-wake cycle patterns were observed before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Shorter sleep duration and late to rise patterns (including early to bed late to rise and late
to bed late to rise) were found to be associated with higher odds of having mental illnesses during the pandemic. |
|
|
Zhao, Jian, He, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
Examined sleep patterns before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, and their associations with mental health in children
and adolescents during the pandemic in Shanghai, China. Children and adolescents aged 6-17 years (n=7544) were randomly selected from ten schools in Shanghai, China in January, 2020. A total of 19.9%, 25.1% and 15.3% participants reported depression, anxiety
and stress symptoms, respectively. Significant changes of both sleep duration and sleep-wake cycle patterns were observed before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Shorter sleep duration and late to rise patterns (including early to bed late to rise and late
to bed late to rise) were found to be associated with higher odds of having mental illnesses during the pandemic. |
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Zhou, F, You, et al |
Int J Infect Dis |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Two models were established by the authors to estimate the factors associated with time interval from symptom onset
to hospitalization (TOH) and length of hospital stay (LOS) respectively. Measures to restrict traffic can effectively reduce imported spread. However, household transmission is still not controlled, particularly for the infection of imported cases to elderly
women. |
|
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idCOV: a pipeline for quick clade identification of
SARS-CoV-2 isolates |
Zhu, Xun, Chang, et al |
bioRxiv |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
idCOV is a phylogenetic pipeline for quickly identifying the clades of SARS-CoV-2 virus isolates from raw sequencing
data based on a selected clade-defining marker list. Using a public dataset, we show that idCOV can make equivalent calls as annotated by Nextstrain.org on all three common clade systems using user uploaded FastQ files directly. Web and equivalent command-line
interfac-es are available. It can be deployed on any Linux environment, including personal computer, HPC and the cloud. The source code is available at https://github.com/xz-stjude/idcov. A documentation for installation can be found at https://github.com/xz-stjude/idcov/blob/master/README.md.Competing
Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest. |
|
The De Ritis ratio as prognostic biomarker of in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients |
Zinellu, A, Arru, et al |
Eur J Clin Invest |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Authors investigated the association between the De Ritis ratio on admission and in-hospital mortality in 105 consecutive
patients with coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) admitted to three COVID-19 referral centers in Sardinia, Italy. The De Ritis ratio on admission was significantly associated with in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients. |
|
Benefits of phone consultation for endoscopy-related clinics in the COVID-19 pandemic |
Zorron Cheng Tao Pu, L, Singh, et al |
J Gastroenterol Hepatol |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique Healthcare Response | Réponse
des soins de santé |
This study aimed to assess "failure-to-attend" (FTA) rate and satisfaction for two endoscopy-related compulsory telehealth
clinics during the COVID-19 outbreak. The use of phone consultations in endoscopy-related clinics during the COVID-19 outbreak has improved FTA rates while demonstrating high satisfaction rates. |
|
Temporal Landscape of Human Gut Virome in SARS-CoV-2 Infection
and Severity |
Zuo, Tao, Liu, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We hypothesize that the gut virome in patients with COVID-19 is altered as well and human baseline virome may be associated
with immune defense and severity to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Both enteric RNA and DNA viromes were perturbed in COVID-19, which prolonged even after disease resolution. Gut virome may calibrate host immunity and regulate severity to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our
observation that gut viruses inversely correlated with both severity of COVID-19 and host age partly explains that older subjects are prone to severe and unfavorable COVID-19 outcomes. |
|
Stem Cell Therapy: A Promising Approach in Treatment of COVID 19 |
Abbaspanah, B, Abroun, et al |
Curr Stem Cell Res Ther |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
|
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Abu-Raya, Bahaa |
Research Square prepub |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
SR: we searched Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for studies published
between 1stJanuary and 12thAugust, 2020. There is evidence for the benefit of steroids in patients with moderate-to-severe disease. Remdesivir might shorten recovery time in patients hospitalized with moderate-to-severe disease.
|
|
|
Adelodun, B, Ajibade, et al |
Environ Res |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Adhikari, B, Marasini, et al |
Phytother Res |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Aggarwal, N, Garg, et al |
J Travel Med |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
SR-MA: searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, medRxiv, bioRxiv, ClinicalTrials.gov, COVID-19 Open Research
Dataset, COVID-19 research database, Epistemonikos, EPPI-Centre, World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, Scopus and Web of Science databases. Thermal screening had a low positive predictive value, especially at the initial
stage of an outbreak, while the negative predictive value (NPV) continued to be high even at later stages. Thermal screening has reasonable diagnostic accuracy in the detection of fever, although it may vary with changes in subject characteristics, setting,
index test, and the reference standard used. |
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Distributed Computing in a Pandemic: A Review of Technologies available for Tackling COVID-19 |
Alnasir, JamieJ |
arXiv |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
|
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Cardiovascular drugs and COVID-19 clinical outcomes:
a living systematic review and meta-analysis |
Asiimwe, Innocent Gerald, Pushpakom, et al |
medRxiv |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
SR-MA: sources from >500 databases including MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Scopus, the Web of Science and Cochrane Central
Register of Controlled Trial libraries) was undertaken on 31st July 2020 Our comprehensive review shows that ACEI/ARB exposure is associated with COVID-19 outcomes such as susceptibility to infection, severity, and hospitalization in unadjusted analyses.
|
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Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the setting of the cytokine release syndrome |
Azar, M, Shin, et al |
Expert Rev Mol Diagn |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
|
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Bhagat, S, Yadav, et al |
Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Cabbab, ILN, Manalo, et al |
Virus Res |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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COVID-19 Vaccine Frontrunners and Their Nanotechnology Design |
Chung, YH, Beiss, et al |
ACS Nano |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
|
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Derosa, G, Maffioli, et al |
Phytother Res |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Diaz, MCG, Walsh, et al |
Clin Teach |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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The household secondary attack rate of SARS-CoV-2: A rapid review |
Fung, HF, Martinez, et al |
Clin Infect Dis |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
Rapid Review: gathered and analyzed data from 22 published and pre-published studies from 10 countries that were available
through September 2, 2020. These findings suggest that SAR reported using a single follow-up test may be underestimated and that testing household contacts of COVID-19 cases on multiple occasions may increase the yield for identifying secondary cases. |
|
Gambir, Katherine, Garnsey, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
SR-MA: earched MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, LILACS, clinicaltrials.gov, Google Scholar, and PubMed from inception to 14
June 2020. Home-based medical abortion is effective, safe, and acceptable to women. This evidence should be used to expand women’s abortion options and ensure access to abortion for women during COVID-19 and beyond. |
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Ghate, S, Parekh, et al |
Indian Pediatr |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Pulmonary Embolism in Patients with COVID-19: A Systematic
review and Meta-analysis |
Hamam, Omar, Goda, et al |
medRxiv |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
SR-MA: PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane library and web of science were searched. PE was highly frequent in patients with COVID-19.
The mortality in patients with both COVID-19 and PE was remarkable representing almost half of the patients. Appropriate prophylaxis and management are vital for better outcomes |
|
COVID-19 and Gastrointestinal Disease. Implications for the Gastroenterologist |
Hunt, RH, East, et al |
Dig Dis |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
|
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Imani, SM, Ladouceur, et al |
ACS Nano |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Islam, MN, Hossain, et al |
Phytother Res |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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A critical review of methods for decontaminating filtering facepiece respirators |
Jacobs, N, Chan, et al |
Toxicol Ind Health |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Jiang, YP, Zhao, et al |
Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Digital cardiovascular care in COVID-19 pandemic: A potential alternative? |
Kaushik, A, Patel, et al |
J Card Surg |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Cardiac Troponin Testing in Patients with COVID-19: A Strategy for Testing and Reporting
Results |
Kavsak, PA, Hammarsten, et al |
Clin Chem |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Klug, B, Schnierle, et al |
Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Population-based seroprevalence surveys of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody: An up-to-date
review |
Lai, CC, Wang, et al |
Int J Infect Dis |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Superposition of COVID-19 waves, anticipating a sustained wave, and lessons for the
future |
Lai, JW, Cheong, et al |
Bioessays |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Lee, DavidS, Mirmirani, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
SR: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane databases, Google Scholar, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the World Health
Organization International Clinical Trials Registry, Elsevier website, Wiley website, Research Square, and medRxiv were searched for eligible articles published from October 1, 2019 to May 21, 2020. The most frequently reported cutaneous manifestations of
COVID-19 (morbilliform, varicelliform, and urticarial) are well described patterns of viral exanthems. However, chilblains-like, livedo, and acro-ischemic morphologies are not traditionally associated with viral infections and were significantly associated
with severity of COVID-19 disease. |
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Li, L, Acioglu, et al |
Brain Behav Immun |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Lv, W, Wu, et al |
J Urol |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Mahmoud Mohamed, AA, Alawna, et al |
Curr Diabetes Rev |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Malaty, M, Kayes, et al |
Eur J Clin Invest |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
SR: search of scientific databases identified relevant published studies from 1(st) January 2000 until 1(st) June 2020.
We also searched Google Scholar for grey literature. Patients with SARS-CoV-2 are at an increased risk of arrhythmias. Drug therapy is pro-arrhythmogenic and may result in TdP and SCD in these patients.
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"I'm smiling back at you": Exploring the impact of mask wearing on communication in
healthcare |
Marler, H, Ditton, et al |
Int J Lang Commun Disord |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
ScR |
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Mawhirt, SL, Frankel, et al |
Curr Allergy Asthma Rep |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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PMC7544463; The necessity for intra-action reviews during the COVID-19 pandemic |
Mayigane, LN, de Vázquez, et al |
Lancet Glob Health |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Nadholta, P, Bali, et al |
Work |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Ortega-Peña, M, González-Cuevas, et al |
Actas Dermosifiliogr |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Padiyar, S, Danda, et al |
Eur J Rheumatol |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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COVID-19 and Cardiovascular Health Among Patients with Cancer |
Palaskas, NL, Koutroumpakis, et al |
Curr Cardiol Rep |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Pandey, Rajesh, Gourishankar, et al |
medRxiv |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
SR-MA: A search of MEDLINE, SCOPUS, CINAHL Plus, and EMBASE up to April 4, 2020, was performe. Conclusions and relevance:
FDA authorized serology tests demonstrate high diagnostic accuracy for SARS-CoV-2 infection (certainty of evidence: moderate). There is a wide variation in the test accuracy based on the duration between the onset of symptoms and the tests (certainty of evidence:
low) |
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Pormohammad, A, Ghorbani, et al |
Rev Med Virol |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
SR-MA: searched all studies published up to 26 April 2020, from the following databases: Embase, Scopus, PubMed, Web
of Science and the Cochrane library. The results showed that COVID‐19 and influenza had many differences in clinical manifestations and radiographic findings. Due to the lack of effective medication or vaccine for COVID‐19, timely detection of this viral infection
and distinguishing from influenza are very important. |
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Low-Dose Radiation Therapy (LDRT) for COVID-19: Benefits or Risks? |
Prasanna, PG, Woloschak, et al |
Radiat Res |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Quade, BN, Parker, et al |
Biochem Pharmacol |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Rahman, H, Hossain, et al |
J Mol Liq |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Role of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 and pericytes in cardiac complications
of COVID-19 infection |
Robinson, FA, Mihealsick, et al |
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Rozenshtein, AlanZ |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Scheim, David |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Shen, Jiayu, Hou, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
MA: In this study, we identified increased vulnerability of those with a history of stroke to severe COVID-19, suggesting
monotonic relationships, thus implicating causality. Some candidates underlying inflammatory responses (i.e., VCAM-1) and procoagulant pathways were preliminarily identified for neurologists in caring COVID-19 patients with cerebrovascular disease, which requires
future clinical and functional validation studies. |
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The novel coronavirus disease in patients with end-stage kidney disease |
Shimada, N, Shimada, et al |
Ther Apher Dial |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Recommendations for managing endodontic emergencies during covid-19 outbreak |
Silva, WO, Vianna Silva Macedo, et al |
J Endod |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Singh, H, Kaur, et al |
Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
SR: Literature review was conducted using the PubMed database up to June 30, 2020. As this virus continues to spread
silently, mainly through asymptomatic carriers, an accurate and rapid identification of these cutaneous manifestations may be vital to early diagnosis and lead to possible better prognosis in COVID-19 patients.
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Singh, P, Tripathi, et al |
Plant Foods Hum Nutr |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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PMC7543691; Pharmacological approaches to the treatment of COVID-19 patients |
Sowers, LC, Blanton, et al |
J Transl Sci |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Sun, Jing, Chi, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
SR-MA: searched all relevant literature published January to 31 July 2020. Fever and cough are the most common symptoms;
dysgeusia and anosmia should also be noted. Although common laboratory tests show poor efficacy in COVID-19 diagnosis, D-dimer levels are increased significantly at early stages. The most common radiographic sign is GGO with or without consolidation.
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Implications of COVID-19 in high burden countries for HIV/TB: A systematic review
of evidence |
Tamuzi, JL, Ayele, et al |
BMC Infect Dis |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
SR: conducted an electronic search of potentially eligible studies published in English in the Cochrane Controlled
Register of Trials, PubMed, Medrxiv, Google scholar and Clinical Trials Registry databases. We included case studies, case series and observational studies published between January, 2002 and July, 2020. In summary, TB was a risk factor for COVID-19 both in
terms of severity and mortality irrespective of HIV status. |
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PMC7544555; Perspective on the Role of Antibodies and Potential Therapeutic Drugs
to Combat COVID-19 |
Tandon, S, Aggarwal, et al |
Protein J |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Epidemiology of sleep disorders during COVID-19 pandemic:
A systematic scoping review |
Tasnim, Samia, Rahman, et al |
medRxiv |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
ScR: searched MEDLINE, Embase, Academic Search Ultimate, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature
(CINAHL), Web of Science, and APA PsycInfo databases, the search was first conducted on May 13th, 2020 and updated on August 12th, 2020. The finding of this review indicated a high burden of sleep disorder with limited interventions that necessitate informing
policymakers and practitioners to facilitate future research and implementations. |
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Myocarditis and inflammatory cardiomyopathy: current evidence and future directions |
Tschöpe, C, Ammirati, et al |
Nat Rev Cardiol |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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[Fatigue and mental
workload among workers: about social distancing.] |
Venegas Tresierra, CE, Leyva Pozo, et al |
Rev Esp Salud Publica |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Remote home monitoring (virtual wards) during the
COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review |
Vindrola-Padros, Cecilia, Singh, et al |
medRxiv |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
SR: MEDLINE, CINAHL PLUS, EMBASE, TRIP, medRxiv and Web of Science. Initial searches were carried out on 9 July 2020
and updated on 21 August 2020 and 21 September 2020. We could not reach conclusions regarding patient safety and the identification of early deterioration due to lack of standardised reporting and missing data.
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A national fight against COVID-19: lessons and experiences from China |
Wang, L, Yan, et al |
Aust N Z J Public Health |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Telemedicine in cardiac procedures: considerations for a remote future |
Weiss, JP |
Curr Opin Cardiol |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Yokoyama, Y, Aikawa, et al |
J Med Virol |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
MA: Pubmed and EMBASE were searched through June 2020. Our analysis demonstrated that ACEI and/or ARB use was associated
neither with testing positive rates of COVID-19, nor with mortality of COVID-19 patients.
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Zamaro, Alexandra, Kulchitsky, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Abdel-Razig, S, Ahmad, et al |
Perspect Med Educ |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Adeoye, Olorunsogo, Uba, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Clinical guidance and perinatal care in the era of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) |
Afshar, Y, Silverman, et al |
J Perinat Med |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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PMC7545383; COVID-19 multidisciplinary high dependency unit: the Milan model |
Aliberti, S, Amati, et al |
Respir Res |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Toddler With New Onset Diabetes and Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome in the Setting
of COVID-19 |
Alizadeh, F, O'Halloran, et al |
Pediatrics |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Azithromycin and Ambroxol as potential pharmacotherapy for ARS-CoV-2 |
Alkotaji, M |
Int J Antimicrob Agents |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Alsem, MW, Berkhout, et al |
Child Care Health Dev |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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PMC7541094; Contraception access during the COVID-19 pandemic |
Aly, J, Haeger, et al |
Contracept Reprod Med |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Amorim, MM, Takemoto, et al |
BJOG |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Response to the letter: Impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on patients suffering from liver
injury |
Anastasiou, OE, Lange, et al |
Dig Dis |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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The Severity of COVID-19 in End-Stage Kidney Disease Patients on Chronic Dialysis |
Andhika, R, Huang, et al |
Ther Apher Dial |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Armstrong, WS, Agwu, et al |
Clin Infect Dis |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Atlani-Duault, Laetitia, Lina, et al |
The Lancet Public Health |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Clinical reasoning and COVID 19 pandemic: current influencing factors Let us take
a step back! |
Audétat, MC, Sader, et al |
Intern Emerg Med |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Banerjee, Pradipta, Choudhury, et al |
arXiv |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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COVID-19 recovery: potential treatments for post-intensive care syndrome |
Bangash, MansoorN, Owen, et al |
The Lancet Respiratory Medicine |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Barbieri, F, Orsenigo, et al |
Diagnosis (Berl) |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Benfer, Emily, Pottenger, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Benham, TL, Hart, et al |
Disaster Med Public Health Prep |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Bi, J, Wang, et al |
J Infect |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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COVID-19 and Excess All-Cause Mortality in the US and 18 Comparison Countries |
Bilinski, A, Emanuel, et al |
JAMA |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Payment of COVID-19 challenge trials: underpayment is a bigger worry than overpayment |
Blumenthal-Barby, J, Ubel, et al |
J Med Ethics |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Bowyer, B, Thukral, et al |
Gastrointest Endosc |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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A Guide for Caring for Patients Amidst the Novel Coronavirus Pandemic |
Brant-Zawadzki, G, Boltax, et al |
Disaster Med Public Health Prep |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Ethical challenges for women's healthcare highlighted by the COVID-19 pandemic |
Bruno, B, Shalowitz, et al |
J Med Ethics |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Three lessons conservation science can learn from the COVID-19 pandemic |
Buxton, R, Bergman, et al |
Conserv Biol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Bwanga, O |
Br J Nurs |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Steroids for sepsis and ARDS: this eternal controversy remains with COVID-19 |
Carlet, J, Payen, et al |
Lancet |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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HOW IS BRAZIL FACING THE CRISIS OF FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY DURING THE COVID-19
PANDEMIC? |
Carvalho, CA, Fonseca, et al |
Public Health Nutr |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Nowcasting of COVID-19 confirmed cases: Foundations, trends, and challenges |
Chakraborty, Tanujit, Ghosh, et al |
arXiv |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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How our specialty can contribute and benefit from COVID-19 research |
Chang, EH |
Int Forum Allergy Rhinol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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PMC7543920; Safety and Efficacy of Bronchoscopy in Critically Ill Patients with
COVID-19 |
Chang, SH, Jiang, et al |
Chest |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Research on drugs and vaccines for COVID-19 should be conducted and published with
caution |
Chen, F, Gong, et al |
J Epidemiol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Chen, Y, Nagendran, et al |
Postgrad Med J |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Chen, Zhiyuan, Kong, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Chernyshov, PV, Kolodzinska, et al |
Dermatol Ther |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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SARS-CoV2 virions in PM(10) pollutants. May further research reject this thesis? |
Chirumbolo, S |
J Med Virol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Care Homes and COVID-19 in Hong Kong: how the lessons from SARS were used to good effect |
Chow, L |
Age Ageing |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Prolonged PCR positivity in health care workers with COVID-19: implications for practice
guidelines |
Chua, KY, Holmes, et al |
Med J Aust |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Clements, W, Narita, et al |
Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Excess Deaths From COVID-19, Community Bereavement, and Restorative Justice for Communities
of Color |
Cooper, LA, Williams, et al |
JAMA |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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PMC7544696; SARS-CoV-2 massive testing: a window of opportunity to catch up with
HCV elimination |
Crespo, J, Díaz-González, et al |
J Hepatol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Cutler, DM, Summers, et al |
JAMA |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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What China's speedy COVID vaccine deployment means for the pandemic |
Cyranoski, D |
Nature |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Factors associated with re-attendance to emergency services following COVID-19 hospitalisation |
Daunt, A, Perez-Guzman, et al |
J Med Virol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Deere, Kelly, Gottesman, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Del Castillo, FA |
J Public Health (Oxf) |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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High mortality among health personnel with COVID-19 in Mexico |
Domínguez-Varela, IA |
Disaster Med Public Health Prep |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Las Cuatro Verdades Del Covid-19 (The Four Truths of COVID-19) |
Dumont, Gérard-François |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Dungar, KD, Sooriah, et al |
Int J Surg |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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The Impact of Social Distancing for SARS-CoV-2 on Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Influenza
Burden |
Edwards, KM |
Clin Infect Dis |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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High-flow nasal cannula for COVID-19 patients: risk of bio-aerosol dispersion |
Elshof, J, Hebbink, et al |
Eur Respir J |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Shared Surgical Decision Making in the Era of COVID-19: Lessons From Hurricane Katrina |
Erbele, ID, Arriaga, et al |
Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Teaching Operative Surgery to Medical Students Using Live Streaming During COVID-19
Pandemic |
Faiz, T, Marar, et al |
Surg Innov |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Fair allocation of scarce medical resources in the time of COVID-19: what do
people think? |
Fallucchi, F, Faravelli, et al |
J Med Ethics |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Mitigation of Covid-19 infection in substance use disorder residential settings |
Fareed, A, Fareed, et al |
J Addict Dis |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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The Later Innings of Life: Implications of COVID-19 Resource Allocation Strategies for Older
Adults |
Farrell, TW, Francis, et al |
J Am Geriatr Soc |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Ferrari, M, Quaresima, et al |
Respir Res |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Fineberg, HV |
JAMA |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Fontanella, MM, Zanin, et al |
Acta Neurochir (Wien) |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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García-Gil, MF, Monte Serrano, et al |
Int J Dermatol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Ignorance Is not Bliss: The Consequences of How Little We Know
about COVID-19 |
Garner, CraigB |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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COVID-19: scientific reasoning, pragmatism and emotional bias |
Gattinoni, L, Marini, et al |
Ann Intensive Care |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Aggressive course of pemphigus vulgaris following COVID-19 infection |
Ghalamkarpour, F, Pourani, et al |
Dermatol Ther |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Ensuring retention in care for people living with HIV during the COVID-19 pandemic
in Rome, Italy |
Giuliani, M, Donà, et al |
Sex Transm Infect |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Glasper, A |
Br J Nurs |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Science, Leadership, and Public Trust in the Covid-19 Pandemic |
Gostin, LawrenceO |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Targeted delivery of CRISPR/Cas13 as a promising therapeutic approach to
treat SARS-CoV-2 |
Goudarzi, KA, Nematollahi, et al |
Curr Pharm Biotechnol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Green, BG |
Chem Senses |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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A Survey of Parents of Children Attending the Online Classes During the Ongoing
COVID-19 Pandemic |
Grover, S, Goyal, et al |
Indian J Pediatr |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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What chances do children have against COVID-19? Is the answer hidden within the
thymus? |
Güneş, H, Dinçer, et al |
Eur J Pediatr |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Regarding "Increased Risk of COVID-19" in Patients Taking Proton Pump Inhibitors |
Hajifathalian, K, Katz, et al |
Am J Gastroenterol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Halpin, S, O'Connor, et al |
J Med Virol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Harkin, D |
Postgrad Med J |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Technology and cardiovascular diseases in the era of COVID-19 |
Harky, A, Adan, et al |
J Card Surg |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Group Testing with Homophily to Curb Epidemics with Asymptomatic
Carriers |
Harpedanne de Belleville, Louis-Marie |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Bronchocutaneous fistula from metastatic cervical cancer with COVID-19 |
Harrison, R, Ramirez, et al |
Int J Gynecol Cancer |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on youth mental health among youth with physical health
challenges |
Hawke, LD, Monga, et al |
Early Interv Psychiatry |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Taking pandemic sequelae seriously: from the Russian influenza to COVID-19 long-haulers |
Honigsbaum, Mark, Krishnan, et al |
The Lancet |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Honore, PM, Barreto Gutierrez, et al |
Crit Care |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Howley, F, O'Doherty, et al |
BMJ Case Rep |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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[Preventing Infection Measures of COVID-19 Patients during Mechanical
Ventilation] |
Huang, T, Wang, et al |
Zhongguo Yi Liao Qi Xie Za Zhi |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Hughes, MC, Vernon, et al |
J Gerontol Soc Work |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Povidone-iodine and carrageenan are candidates for SARS-CoV-2 infection control |
Hui, KK |
Hong Kong Med J |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Opinion on Performing Pathology Peer-Review During the Global Pandemic: Challenges
and Opportunities |
Hukkanen, RR, Irizarry, et al |
Toxicol Pathol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Covid-19: Leaders warn of "full blown second surge" as hospital admissions rise |
Iacobucci, G |
BMJ |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Cardiopulmonary bypass on wheels: An evolving application of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation |
Imamura, T, Narang, et al |
J Card Surg |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Irons, JF, Pavey, et al |
Med J Aust |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Isshiki, Hiroshi, Namiki, et al |
arXiv |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Iwasaki, Akiko |
The Lancet Infectious Diseases |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Physician Workforce Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic at an Academic Medical Center |
Jacobs, LG, Korcak, et al |
Disaster Med Public Health Prep |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Fair and equitable subject selection in concurrent COVID-19 clinical trials |
Jansen, MO, Angelos, et al |
J Med Ethics |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Javalkote, VS, Kancharla, et al |
Methods |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Jia, X, Xiao, et al |
J Infect |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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K, Geetha Poornima, M, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Kahambing, JG |
J Public Health (Oxf) |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Application of Healthcare Networking in COVID 19 - A Brief Report |
Kaliaperumal, P, Kole, et al |
Disaster Med Public Health Prep |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
|
Kealey, A, Alam, et al |
Br J Anaesth |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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COVID-19 and Antibiotic Stewardship: Using a Systems Engineering Approach to Maintain
Patient Safety |
Keating, JA, McKinley, et al |
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Khidir, N, Salama, et al |
Obes Surg |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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[German recommendations on lung and thoracic ultrasonography in patients with COVID-19] |
Kiefl, D, Eisenmann, et al |
Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Re-infection with SARS-CoV-2: What Goes Around May Come Back Around |
Kim, AY, Gandhi, et al |
Clin Infect Dis |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Kimberlin, DW, Puopolo, et al |
JAMA Pediatr |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Kimura, T, Namkoong, et al |
Int J Infect Dis |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Kinsella, CM, Santos, et al |
PLoS Pathog |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Ko, JP, Liu, et al |
Radiographics |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Kow, CS, Hasan, et al |
Rheumatol Int |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Kowalczyk, O, Roszkowski, et al |
J Relig Health |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Kumar, D |
Am J Transplant |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Kurtzman, JT, Moran, et al |
J Urol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Labandeira-Garcia, J, Valenzuela, et al |
Prog Neurobiol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Self-reflections after disbandment of palliative care unit during COVID-19 pandemic |
Lam, PT |
Hong Kong Med J |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Leach, KC, Ellsworth, et al |
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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If the Coronavirus Were Red: Unresolved Concerns on COVID-19 Transmission in Oral
Health Education |
Levit, M, Levit, et al |
HERD |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Affording health during the COVID-19 pandemic and associated economic downturn |
Lewis, M, Lee, et al |
Aust N Z J Public Health |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Lexmond, AxelS, Nouwen, et al |
medRxiv |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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High-flow nasal cannula for COVID-19 patients: risk of bio-aerosol dispersion |
Li, J, Fink, et al |
Eur Respir J |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Vaccine development in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: a balancing act on accuracy and
speed |
Linares-Fernández, S, Raguindin, et al |
Int J Public Health |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Management of a Nursing Unit in a Temporary COVID-19 Specialized Hospital in Wuhan, China |
Luo, C |
Disaster Med Public Health Prep |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Lynch, C, Mahida, et al |
J Hosp Infect |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Web-Oriented Things Systems with 5T Policy to Manage and Contain
COVID-19 |
M, Rajeshwari, K, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
|
Macmadu, A, Berk, et al |
Lancet Public Health |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Covid-19: Experts advise cautious optimism for neutralising antibodies after early results |
Mahase, E |
BMJ |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Mann, S, Novintan, et al |
JMIR Med Educ |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Impact of disease-modifying drugs on severity of COVID-19 infection in multiple sclerosis
patients |
Mansoor, SR, Ghasemi-Kasman, et al |
J Med Virol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Challenges of COVID-19 pandemic: Dermatologist's perspective from Nepal |
Marahatta, S, Marahatta, et al |
Int J Dermatol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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To transplant or not to transplant during the SARS COV 2 pandemic? That is the question |
Marino, D, Finotto, et al |
Oncologist |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Markovic, S, Ivanovski, et al |
Inflamm Bowel Dis |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Matsuyama, T, Kubli, et al |
Cell Death Differ |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Learning more about what can make COVID-19 deadly: Insights from the Atlanta Metropolitan
Area |
McCauley, BD, Ortega-Legaspi, et al |
Clin Infect Dis |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Deus ex machina? Predicting SARS-CoV-2 Infection from Lab Tests Using Machine Learning |
McCudden, CR |
Clin Chem |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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McLure, A, Lau, et al |
J Travel Med |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Meades, R, Gnanasegaran, et al |
Nucl Med Commun |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Pandemic and promise: progress towards finding an effective treatment for Novel Coronavirus
19 |
Merone, L, Finlay, et al |
Aust N Z J Public Health |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Meshram, P |
Clin Orthop Relat Res |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Mobo, Dr Froilan, Garcia, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Detection of Virus Using Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning
Concepts |
N AV, Sai Harshavardhan, Ranjan, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Najafabadi, MG, Khah, et al |
Work |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Nakamoto, M, Carrazana, et al |
Acta Neurol Scand |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Neches, RY, McGee, et al |
Nat Rev Microbiol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Neu, N, Nee, et al |
J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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PMC7545017; Neuroanatomical substrates of generalized brain dysfunction in COVID-19 |
Newcombe, VFJ, Spindler, et al |
Intensive Care Med |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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PMC7437418 interest; In Response to "Coagulopathy of Coronavirus Disease 2019" |
Ng, J, Fan, et al |
Crit Care Med |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Nisticò, D, Saccari, et al |
Paediatr Anaesth |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Radiological protection and biological COVID-19 protection in the nuclear medicine
department |
Ohnuki, K, Yoshimoto, et al |
Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Ojeahere, MI, de Filippis, et al |
Brain Behav Immun Health |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Ooi, R, Ooi, et al |
Med Educ Online |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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COVID-19 puts the Sustainable Development Goals center stage |
Ottersen, OP, Engebretsen, et al |
Nat Med |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Patel, J, Robbins, et al |
Clin Med (Lond) |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Patel, S, Issaka, et al |
Am J Gastroenterol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Anesthesia for Electroconvulsive Therapy during the COVID-19 pandemic |
Pereira-Soares, E, Nascimento, et al |
Expert Rev Neurother |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Pierantoni, L, Lenzi, et al |
Acta Paediatr |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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An increase in suicides amidst the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in Nepal |
Pokhrel, S, Sedhai, et al |
Med Sci Law |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Answer to the Letter to Editor by Rodriguez-Peralvarez et al |
Polak, WG, Fondevila, et al |
Transpl Int |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Overlaying COVID-19 mitigation plans on malaria control infrastructures |
Rahi, M, Baharia, et al |
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Rahman, Anita Abd, Moideen, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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PMC7543746 interest; Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on Measles surveillance in Pakistan |
Rana, MS, Usman, et al |
J Infect |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Diagnosis of hair disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic: An introduction to teletrichoscopy |
Randolph, M, Al-Alola, et al |
J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Rial, MJ, Valverde, et al |
J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Rocco, N, Montagna, et al |
Oncologist |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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PMC7525263; COVID-19 and Media datasets: Period- and location-specific textual data
mining |
Roche, M |
Data Brief |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Interest in Urological Topics during the Coronavirus Disease Pandemic |
Rosen, GH, Murray, et al |
J Urol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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The Complete Change of Blood in High-Risk Patients in the Preliminary
Stages of COVID-19 |
Ruiz Estrada, Mario Arturo |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
|
Russell, AM |
Respirology |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Violence against doctors: an emerging epidemic amidst COVID-19 pandemic in
India |
Sakthivel, P, Rajeshwari, et al |
Postgrad Med J |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Samieefar, N, Yari Boroujeni, et al |
Disaster Med Public Health Prep |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Approach to Surgical Patients in a COVID-19 Pandemic Hospital |
Sari, R, Kaya, et al |
Surg Innov |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Sarode, GS, Sarode, et al |
Clin Oral Investig |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Vascular Disease Patient Information Page: COVID-19-related thrombosis |
Schmaier, AA, Schmaier, et al |
Vasc Med |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Schneede, P, Schneede, et al |
Urologe A |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Serlachius, A, Badawy, et al |
JMIR Pediatr Parent |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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PMC7541199; Environmental Catastrophe of COVID-19: Disposal and Management of PPE
in Bangladesh |
Shammi, M, Tareq, et al |
Glob Soc Welf |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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A virtual laboratory module exploring photosynthesis during COVID-19 |
Sherrer, SM |
Biochem Mol Biol Educ |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Navigating Through Health Care Data Disrupted by the COVID-19 Pandemic |
Shioda, K, Weinberger, et al |
JAMA Intern Med |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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COVID-19 pandemic: Mental stress, depression, anxiety among the university students
in Bangladesh |
Sifat, RI |
Int J Soc Psychiatry |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Simon, NM, Saxe, et al |
JAMA |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Videotherapy and Therapeutic Alliance in the Age of COVID-19 |
Simpson, S, Richardson, et al |
Clin Psychol Psychother |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Soysal, P, Aydin, et al |
Psychogeriatrics |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Improving Antimicrobial Stewardship in Critically-Ill Patients with COVID-19 |
Stevenson, DR, Sahemey, et al |
Clin Infect Dis |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Stucky, CH, Brown, et al |
Nurs Forum |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Stull, SW, McKnight, et al |
JMIR Pediatr Parent |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Tadesse, DB, Wahdey, et al |
Asthma Res Pract |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Covid-19: At least two thirds of 225 000 excess deaths in US were due to virus |
Tanne, JH |
BMJ |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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The multifaceted role of mobile technologies as a strategy to combat COVID-19 pandemic |
Teixeira, R, Doetsch, et al |
Epidemiol Infect |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Templin, C, Manka, et al |
Am J Cardiol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Thomas, R, Lotfi, et al |
Ann Intern Med |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Trahtemberg, U, Slutsky, et al |
Intensive Care Med |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Fumbling Through: The First Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic in the U.S |
Travica, Bob |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Trias-Llimós, S, Alustiza, et al |
Lancet Public Health |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Clinical skills education at the bed-side, web-side and lab-side |
Tsang, ACO, Shih, et al |
Med Educ |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Umar Aliyu, R, Hassan Yankuzo, et al |
Biochem Mol Biol Educ |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Inhibition of translation and immune responses by the virulence factor Nsp1 of
SARS-CoV-2 |
Vann, KR, Tencer, et al |
Signal Transduct Target Ther |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Vehreschild, MariaJGT, Tacconelli, et al |
The Lancet Infectious Diseases |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Vehreschild, Mjgt, Tacconelli, et al |
Lancet Infect Dis |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Patient and providers' satisfaction with tele(oral)medicine during the COVID-19 pandemic |
Villa, A, Sankar, et al |
Oral Dis |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Infection on patients suffering from Liver Injury |
Vyas, AK, Singh, et al |
Dig Dis |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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An alliance with public health in pursuit of COVID-19 evidence |
Walker, I, Powers, et al |
Occup Med (Lond) |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Weaver, M, McHenry, et al |
Gastroenterology |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Int J Antimicrob Agents |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Covid-19: Study to assess pandemic's effects on wellbeing of NHS staff |
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BMJ |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Ther Apher Dial |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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JAMA |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Drug Alcohol Rev |
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Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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The effect of COVID-19 pandemic on breast imaging: a clinical observations |
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Diagn Interv Radiol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Azvudine (FNC): a promising clinical candidate for COVID-19 treatment |
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Signal Transduct Target Ther |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Infect Dis Poverty |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Chin J Integr Med |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Imperfect storm: is interleukin-33 the Achilles heel of COVID-19? |
Zizzo, Gaetano, Cohen, et al |
The Lancet Rheumatology |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Novel use of an old compound? Urologist-led BCG-vaccine trials in the prevention of COVID-19 |
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BJU Int |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Lancet |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Appendix: Process and definitions.
A daily search for new publications is conducted in PubMed, Scopus,
BioRxiv and MedRxiv, SSRN,
Research Square,
arXiv for all publications related to COVID-19 disease or SARS-CoV-2 using the search terms (COVID-19 OR SARS-CoV-2
OR "novel CoV" OR "novel coronavirus" OR nCoV) adapted to each database. The capture is cross-referenced with publication announcements on the COVID-19 dashboards set up by a number of publishers and google. Publishers include
Lancet,
Elsevier,
The New England Journal of Medicine,
BMJ, Wiley,
Springer Nature, ChinaCDCweekly.
Additionally the database is cross-referenced with other literature scans and activities by collaborators. Members of the Emerging Sciences group examine and shorten the abstract or develop 1 -2 point summaries of each publication. Please email Lisa
Waddell for additional information: Lisa.Waddell@canada.ca.
References are compiled in a reworks database that has citations since the beginning of the outbreak. All references can be accessed at this
link and by the categories listed below. The daily scan has also been compiled in an excel sheet and copies can be provided upon request or
accessed
here.
Category Definitions:
Modelling/ prediction: Predictive modeling is a process that uses data mining and probability to forecast outcomes. Each model is made up of a number of predictors, which are variables that are likely
to influence future results.
Epidemiology: the branch of medicine which deals with the incidence, distribution, and possible control of diseases and other factors relating to health. Includes Ro,
attack rates, case number doubling time, case fatality rate, serial interval, clinical attack rate, asymptomatic fraction, proportion of asymptomatic and infective*
Transmission: The passage of a pathogen causing communicable disease from an infected host to an uninfected host via direct or indirect routes.
Clinical data of cases: Includes clinical parameters such as incubation period, latent period, period of communicability, duration of illness, duration of hospitalization, host risk factors, as well
as clinical profiles of patients; presenting symptoms, symptoms over course of illness, sequelae, comorbidities.*
Surveillance: Public health surveillance is the continuous, systematic collection, analysis and interpretation of health-related data. Surveillance data will likely be number of cases suspected/confirmed,
number of deaths, number recovered. *
Coronavirology: All research relating to the virus; its characteristics, genetic make-up, phylogenetic analyses
Diagnostics / Pathogen detection:
All studies on identification of the virus; culture, PCR, antibody/antigen tests etc.
Therapeutics: Studies of substances that may be used to treat infected hosts including passive immunization products.
Vaccine Research: Studies of vaccine candidates to prevent infection with 2019-nCoV including clinical trials.
Public Health Priorities: These citations will focus on what the current research priorities are and/or where knowledge gaps exist.
Public Health interventions*:
Any study evaluating how effective a public health intervention is or maybe (in the case of a predictive model).
Public Health response:
These papers are typically overviews of past and current activities, they often also identify knowledge gaps and suggest future activities or objectives.
Infection Prevention and Control/
Prévention et contrôle des infections (IPAC/PCI): Any research on the effectiveness of IPC interventions should also be tagged as IPC
Health care Response: This foci would include a description of activities to deal with 2019-nCoV cases including, but not limited to: set up of a special emergency multi-disciplinary intensive care team; Bed and medical equipment
preparation/ stock piling supplies; Education and training of staff; Early case recognition and classification of disease severity.
Economics: papers discussing/ forecasting the economics of COVID-19 pandemic.
Immunology: the study of the immune system and includes serology studies in conjunction with other foci (e.g. epidemiology or diagnostics)
Animal Model:
An animal model is a living, non-human, often genetic-engineered animal used during the research and investigation of human disease, for the purpose of better understanding the disease
process without the added risk of harming an actual human.
Zoonotic:
all literature discussing the transmission to and from or occurrence of naturally acquired SARS-COV-2 infection in animals.
Review Literature: All articles that summarize the published literature can be tagged as a review. This includes systematic review, meta-analysis, scoping review, overviews, umbrella reviews*
Commentary/Editorial: For commentaries, editorials, letters to the editor, other types of opinion pieces where there is no new data collected by the author or analysis conducted by the author, please tag these within the commentary
category.
News articles that have not scientific information.
*Lists are not exhaustive
Annexe: Processus et définitions.
Une recherche quotidienne des nouvelles publications est effectuée dans PubMed, Scopus,
BioRxiv and MedRxiv,
SSRN,
Research Square,
arXiv
pour toutes les publications relatives à la maladie COVID-19 ou au SRAS-CoV-2 en utilisant les termes de recherche (COVID-19 OU SARS-CoV-2 OU « novel CoV » OU « novel coronavirus » OU nCoV). La saisie renvoie à des annonces de publication
sur les tableaux de bord du nCoV mis en place par un certain nombre d'éditeurs et par Google. Parmi les éditeurs figurent
Lancet,
Elsevier,
The New England Journal of Medicine,
BMJ,
Wiley,
Springer Nature,
ChinaCDCweekly. En outre, la base de données renvoie à d'autres survols de publications, et à des activités des collaborateurs.
Les membres du groupe scientifique émergent préparent des résumés en 1 ou 2 points de chaque publication. Pour en savoir plus, veuillez envoyer un courriel à Lisa Waddell au :
Lisa.Waddell@canada.ca.
Les références sont compilées dans une base de données Refworks qui contient des citations depuis le début de l'épidémie. Toutes les références sont accessibles à partir de ce
lien et par les catégories énumérées ci-dessous. L'analyse quotidienne a également été compilée
dans une feuille Excel et des copies peuvent être fournies sur demande ou consultées
ici.
Définitions des catégories :
Modélisation / prédiction : La modélisation prédictive est un processus qui utilise l'exploration de données et la probabilité pour prévoir les résultats.
Chaque modèle est composé de plusieurs prédicteurs, qui sont des variables susceptibles d'influencer les résultats futurs.
Épidémiologie :
Branche de la médecine qui traite de l'incidence, de la répartition et du contrôle éventuel des maladies et d'autres facteurs liés à la santé. Comprend le taux de reproduction de base (Ro), les taux d'attaque,
le temps de doublement du nombre de cas, le taux de létalité, l'intervalle sériel, le taux d'attaque clinique, la fraction asymptomatique, la proportion de cas asymptomatiques et infectieux*.
Transmission :
Passage d'un agent pathogène causant une maladie transmissible d'un hôte infecté à un hôte non infecté par des voies directes ou indirectes.
Données cliniques
des cas : Comprend les paramètres cliniques tels que la période d'incubation, la période de latence, la période de contagiosité, la durée de la maladie, la durée de l'hospitalisation, les facteurs de risque de l'hôte, ainsi que
les profils cliniques des patients; les symptômes présentés, les symptômes au cours de la maladie, les séquelles, les comorbidités.*
Surveillance : La surveillance de la santé publique est la collecte, l'analyse et l'interprétation continues et systématiques de données relatives à la santé.
Les données de surveillance concerneront probablement le nombre de cas suspects / confirmés, le nombre de décès, le nombre de personnes guéries. *
Coronavirologie : Toutes les recherches relatives au virus, ses caractéristiques, sa constitution génétique et les analyses phylogénétiques.
Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes : Toutes les études sur l'identification du virus : culture, PCR, tests de dépistage d'anticorps ou d’antigènes,
etc.
Thérapeutique :
Étude des substances pouvant être utilisées pour traiter les hôtes infectés, y compris les produits d'immunisation passive.
Recherche sur les vaccins : Études des candidats à la vaccination pour prévenir l'infection par le 2019-nCoV, y compris des essais cliniques.
Priorités de santé publique :
Ces citations porteront sur les priorités actuelles de recherche et/ou sur les lacunes dans les connaissances.
Interventions de santé publique* :
Toute étude évaluant l'efficacité (réelle ou possible) d'une intervention de santé publique (dans le cas d'un modèle prédictif).
Réponse de la santé publique :
Ces articles sont généralement des aperçus des activités passées et actuelles, qui identifient souvent les lacunes dans les connaissances et suggèrent des activités ou des objectifs futurs.
Prévention et contrôle des infections/Infection Prevention and Control (PCI/IPAC) :
Les recherches sur l'efficacité des interventions en PCI doivent également être marquées comme PCI.
Réponse des soins de santé :
Ce point comprendrait une description des activités pour traiter les cas de 2019-nCoV, notamment : mise en place d'une équipe multidisciplinaire spéciale de soins intensifs d'urgence; préparation des lits et des équipements médicaux
/ stockage des fournitures; sensibilisation et formation du personnel; reconnaissance précoce des cas et classification de la gravité de la maladie.
Immunologie : l'étude du système immunitaire et comprend des études sérologiques en conjonction avec d'autres foyers (p. ex. épidémiologie ou diagnostic)
Modèle
animal:
Un modèle animal est un animal vivant, non humain, souvent génétiquement modifié, utilisé lors de la recherche et de l'investigation des maladies humaines, dans
le but de mieux comprendre le processus de la maladie sans risque supplémentaire de nuire à un humain réel.
Zoonotic:
all literature discussing the transmission to and from or occurrence of naturally acquired SARS-COV-2 infection in animals.
Économie: documents discutant / prévoyant l'économie de la pandémie de COVID-19
Revue de la documentation :
Tous les articles qui résument les documents publiés peuvent être marqués comme une revue. Cela comprend les revues systématiques, les méta-analyses, les études de la portée, les aperçus, les examens généraux*.
Commentaires/Éditorial : Pour les commentaires, éditoriaux, lettres à la rédaction, autres types d'articles d'opinion pour lesquels aucune nouvelle donnée n'est collectée ou aucune
analyse n'est effectuée par l'auteur, veuillez les marquer dans la catégorie des commentaires.
journaux Articles de presse qui n'ont pas d'informations scientifiques.
* Les listes ne sont pas exhaustives