Subject: Daily Scan of COVID-19 Scientific Publications / survol journalier des publications scientifiques du COVID-19, 2020-10-09
Good afternoon,
There are 253 citations in today’s scan. 146 were considered primary research or review literature.
Highlights today include:
CANADA
·
Baylis et al
documents two COVID-related risks, viral risk and employment risk, and their distributions across the Canadian population. Documented that women are more concentrated
in high viral risk occupations and that this is the source of their greater employment loss over the course of the pandemic so far. Low educated workers face the same virus risk rates as high educated workers but much higher employment losses. For both women
and the low educated, existing inequities in their occupational distributions and living situations have resulted in them bearing a disproportionate amount of the risk emerging from the pandemic. Assortative matching in couples has tended to exacerbate risk
inequities.
TRANSMISSION
·
Riddell et al.
determined that SARS-CoV-2 half-life on various surfaces was highly influenced by temperature. With initial viral loads broadly equivalent to the highest titres excreted by infectious patients, viable virus was isolated for up to 28 days at 20 °C from
common surfaces such as glass, stainless steel and both paper and polymer banknotes. Conversely, infectious virus survived less than 24 h at 40 °C on some surfaces.
EPIDEMIOLOGY
·
Braunstein et al
describe and compare the characteristics and COVID-19-related outcomes of people with HIV (PWH) diagnosed with
COVID-19 to all New Yorkers diagnosed with
COVID-19. Found PWH are not overrepresented among
COVID-19 cases. Compared with all NYC PWH and all New Yorkers diagnosed with
COVID-19, a higher proportion of PWH with
COVID-19 were older, male, Black or Latino/Hispanic, and living in high-poverty neighborhoods and higher proportion of PWH with
COVID-19 experienced
COVID-19-related hospitalization, intensive care unit admission, and death during this period.
·
Patel, et al.
reported downregulation of cardiac ACE2 is associated with increased plasma ACE2 activity. Plasma ACE2 activity at a median of 35 days post-infection was 97-fold higher in recovered SARS-CoV-2 patients compared to controls. This is the first description
that plasma ACE2 activity is elevated after COVID-19 infection, and the first with longitudinal data indicating plasma ACE2 activity remains elevated out to a median of 114 days post- infection.
·
Waterfield et al.
report the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in healthy children of healthcare workers in London during May 2020. The secondary attack rate in children of healthcare workers with confirmed COVID-19 was 40% compared to 2% of children in families with
no reported symptoms. One in three seropositive children were asymptomatic.
·
Lu et al. developed a compartmental model to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 reopening in Shenzhen, China. The authors found that imported cases accounted for the
majority (58.6%) of early reported cases in Shenzhen. The results indicate that if Shenzhen maintains strict control measures with the inflow of population, and its citizens maintain a high level of mask usage even after a resumption of operations, the epidemic
will gradually subside. If intercity travel is restored when Hubei still has a high incidence risk, Shenzhen may experience a second wave.
·
Boonyaratanakornkit et al
(preprint) report that amongst 250 consecutive persons studied a median of 67 days since symptom onset, 60% had neutralizing antibody (nAb) titers ≥1:80. NAb titers correlated with COVID-19 severity, age, and sex. Functional nAb levels were found to
decline and a small proportion of COVID-19 survivors lack adaptive immune responses
THERAPEUTICS
·
Yuan et al
test a set of metallodrugs and related compounds, and identify ranitidine bismuth citrate, a commonly used drug for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection, as a potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 agent. In vitro studies showed that ranitidine bismuth citrate
and its related compounds exhibited inhibition towards both the ATPase (IC50 = 0.69 µM) and DNA-unwinding (IC50 = 0.70 µM) activities of the SARS-CoV-2 helicase via an irreversible displacement of zinc(II) ions from the enzyme by bismuth(III) ions.
·
Sato-Becerra, et al.
aimed to evaluate the effectiveness alone or combined of hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, and ivermectin to reduce 30-day mortality among COVID-19 without life-threatening illness, hospitalized patients in Peru. Our study reported no beneficial effects
of hydroxychloroquine, ivermectin, azithromycin, or their combinations. The AZIT+HCQ treatment reported increased risk of all-cause mortality.
Regards,
Lisa Waddell, Tricia Corrin, Rukshanda Ahmad, Robyn Odell, Maribeth Mitri, Julie Theriault, Dobrila Todoric, Alejandra Dubois, Austyn Baumeister, Anam Khan, Musaab Younis, Lien Mi Tien, Dima Ayache, Angela Sloan, Kaitlin Young, Chatura
Prematunge, Ainsley Otten, Irene Yong, Drew Greydanus, Shalane Ha, Alex Gilbert, Jessie Varga, Vanessa Zubach, Meenu Sharma, Kristyn Burak
Focus areas: Modelling/ prediction, Epidemiology, Transmission, Clinical data, Surveillance, Coronavirology, Diagnostics / Pathogen detection, Therapeutics,
Vaccine Research, Public health interventions, Public Health response, Public Health Priorities, IPAC, Health care response, immunology, economics, animal model, zoonoses, Review Literature, Commentary/Editorial, news
Domaines cibles: Modélisation/prédiction, Épidémiologie, Transmission, Données cliniques, Surveillance, Coronavirologie, Diagnostics
/ Détection d'agents pathogènes, Thérapeutique, Recherche sur les vaccins, Interventions de santé publique, Priorités de santé publique, PCI,
Réponse des soins de santé, immunologie, économie, modèle animal, zoonoses, Revue de littérature, Commentaire/Éditorial, journaux
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PUBLICATIONS |
AUTHORS / AUTEURS |
SOURCE |
FOCI / DOMAINE |
SUMMARY / SOMMAIRE |
Discovery of potent inhibitors for SARS-CoV-2's main protease by ligand-based/structure-based virtual screening, MD simulations, and binding energy calculations |
Abu-Saleh, A, Awad, et al |
Phys Chem Chem Phys |
Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
Herein, we focused on the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 that has crucial biological functions in the virus. We performed
a ligand-based virtual screening followed by a docking screening for testing approved drugs and bioactive compounds listed in the DrugBank and ChEMBL databases. MD simulations support that the catalytic residue, His41, has a neutral side chain with a protonated
delta position. An absolute binding energy (ΔG) of -42 kJ mol-1 for the protein-ligand (Mpro-N3) complex has been calculated using the potential-of-mean-force (geometrical) approach. Furthermore, the relative binding energies were computed for the top docking
results. Our results suggest several promising approved and bioactive inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro as follows: a bioactive compound, ChEMBL275592, which has the best MM/GBSA binding energy; the second-best compound, montelukast, is an approved drug used in
the treatment of asthma and allergic rhinitis; the third-best compound, ChEMBL288347, is a bioactive compound. This study provides useful insights into de novo protein design and novel inhibitor development, which could reduce the cost and time required for
the discovery of a potent drug to combat SARS-CoV-2. |
|
Adnan, Nihad, Jamiruddin, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Immunology | Immunologie |
In this study, we followed the antibody dynamics of three subjects over a period of 120 days by analyzing 512 samples. Among the three subjects, subject-1
(S01), has had previous infection with SARS-CoV during the 2003 epidemic. During the study period, all the subjects presented COVID-19 like symptoms twice, firstly mild symptoms followed by severe symptoms presentation. The initial episode did not culminate
with any antibody development other than mild development of IgG against SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid. The second episode was characterized with multifold increase in IgG antibodies against the four SARS-CoV-2 proteins, but varied among individuals for IgM and
IgA. Antibody dynamics in S01 and S02 highly correlated while that of S03 slightly differed, which may have been due to the unsupervised medicine regimen S03 opted for during the study period. Interestingly, antibody development for all subjects highly correlated
with the severity of the symptoms. |
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Afshar, Y, Gaw, et al |
Obstet Gynecol |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
The aim of this study was to describe the clinical presentation, symptomology, and disease course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in pregnancy.
The clinical presentation and disease course of COVID-19 in participants who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection and reported symptoms at the time of testing was analyzed. 991 participants enrolled from March 22, 2020, until July 10, 2020. 736 had symptoms
of COVID-19 at the time of testing. 594 tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection and 142 tested negative in this symptomatic group. The most prevalent first symptoms in the cohort of patients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection were cough (20%),
sore throat (16%), body aches (12%), and fever (12%). Median time to symptom resolution was 37 days (95% CI 35-39). One quarter (25%) of participants who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection had persistent symptoms 8 or more weeks after symptom onset.
COVID-19 has a prolonged and nonspecific disease course during pregnancy and in the 6 weeks after pregnancy. |
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Al Kaabi, Nawal, Al Nuaimi, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
The aim of the study is to describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized COVID-19 patients within the largest government healthcare
facilities in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, the capital of UAE. This is a retrospective cross-sectional study of all patients admitted to Abu Dhabi Healthcare services facilities (SEHA) between the period of March 1st until May 31st with a laboratory-confirmed
test of SARS-CoV2. Variation in characteristics, comorbidities, laboratory values, length of hospital stay, treatment received and outcomes were examined. Data was collected from electronic health records available at SEHA health information system. There
were 9390 patients included; patients were divided into severe and non-severe groups. 721 (7.68%) patients required intensive care while the remaining majority (92.32 %) were mild-moderate cases. Three major comorbidities were noted, hypertension, diabetes
mellitus and chronic kidney disease. The laboratory tests that were significantly different between the severe and the non-severe groups were LDH, Ferritin, CRP, neutrophil count, IL6 and creatinine level. The major antiviral therapies the patients have received
were a combination of hydroxychloroquine and favipiravir. The overall in hospital mortality was 1.63% while severe group mortality rate was 19.56 %. The Death rate in the adults younger than 30 years was noted to be higher compared to elderly patients above
60 years, 2.3% and 0.9 % respectively. our analysis suggests that Abu Dhabi had a relatively low morbidity and mortality rate and a high recovery rate compared to published rates in China, Italy and The United States. |
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Case Report: COVID-19 and Chagas Disease in Two Coinfected Patients |
Alberca, RW, Yendo, et al |
Am J Trop Med Hyg |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
American trypanosomiasis, also named Chagas disease (CD), is an anthropozoonosis caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. The disease affects
millions of people worldwide, leading yearly to approximately 50,000 deaths. COVID-19, generated by SARS-CoV-2, can lead to lymphopenia and death. We hereby describe the first report of two patients with CD and COVID-19 coinfection, from hospitalization until
patients' death. |
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Alizadeh, A, Khankeh, et al |
BMC Psychiatry |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
Due to the rapid spread of the disease in Iran, the aim of the present study was to explore psychological distress
experienced by Iranian health-care providers in the first few weeks of the corona virus outbreak. The present qualitative study was conducted on 18 Iranian health-care providers exposed to COVID − 19 using a content analysis method. By analyzing 236 primary
codes, two main categories were extracted from the experiences of health-care providers during corona virus outbreak. The first category included Occupational demands with three sub-categories: nature of illness, Organizational demands and social demands.
The second category was Supportive resources included personal support and social support. The results of this study found that there were some barriers and challenges to medical personnel exposed to COVID-19 that caused psychological distress. |
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Anderberg, Dan, Rainer, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
We propose a model that (i) provides an algorithm for measuring temporal variation in domestic violence incidence based
on internet search activity and (ii) makes precise the conditions under which this measure yields less biased estimates of the domestic violence problem during periods of crisis than traditional, police-recorded crime measures. Analyzing the COVID-19 lockdown
in Greater London, we find a 40 percent peak increase in our internet search-based domestic violence index, 7-8 times larger than the increase in police recorded crimes and much closer to the increase reported by victim support charities in relation to helpline
calls. |
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Extremely potent
human monoclonal antibodies from convalescent Covid-19 patients |
Andreano, Emanuele, Nicastri, et al |
bioRxiv |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Immunology | Immunologie |
By single cell sorting 4277 SARS−CoV−2 spike protein specific memory B cells from 14 Covid−19 survivors, 453 neutralizing
antibodies were identified and 220 of them were expressed as IgG. Up to 65,9% of monoclonals neutralized the wild type virus at a concentration of >500 ng/mL, 23,6% neutralized the virus in the range of 100 − 500 ng/mL and 9,1% had a neutralization potency
in the range of 10 − 100 ng/mL. Only 1,4% neutralized the authentic virus with a potency of 1−10 ng/mL. We found that the most potent neutralizing antibodies are extremely rare and recognize the RBD, followed in potency by antibodies that recognize the S1
domain, the S-protein trimeric structure and the S2 subunit. The three most potent monoclonal antibodies identified were able to neutralize the wild type and D614G mutant viruses with less than 10 ng/mL and are good candidates for the development of prophylactic
and therapeutic tools against SARS−CoV−2. |
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Low-density lipoprotein
cholesterol levels are associated with poor clinical outcomes in COVID-19 |
Aparisi, Alvaro, Iglesias-Echeverria, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We performed a retrospective single-center study of consecutively admitted patients between March 1st and May 15th,
2020, with a definitive diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Non-survivors had lower total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels during the entire course of the disease with complete resolution among survivors. Both showed a significant
inverse correlation with inflammatory markers and a positive correlation with lymphocyte count. In a multivariate analysis, LDL-c 88 mg/dl and lymphopenia < 1000 cells/ml at admission were independently associated with 30-day mortality. |
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Alpha 1 Antitrypsin
is an Inhibitor of the SARS-CoV-2-Priming Protease TMPRSS2 |
Azouz, NuritP, Klingler, et al |
bioRxiv |
Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
We identified the human extracellular serine protease inhibitor (serpin) alpha 1 antitrypsin (A1AT) as a novel TMPRSS2
inhibitor. Structural modeling revealed that A1AT docked to an extracellular domain of TMPRSS2 in a conformation that is suitable for catalysis, resembling similar serine protease inhibitor complexes. Inhibitory activity of A1AT was established in a SARS CoV2
viral load system. Notably, plasma A1AT levels were associated with COVID 19 disease severity. Our data support the key role of extracellular serine proteases in SARS CoV2 infections and indicate that treatment with serpins, particularly the FDA-approved drug
A1AT, may be effective in limiting SARS CoV2 dissemination by affecting the surface of the host cells. |
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Bai, Lu, Lu, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
Background As China is facing a potential second wave of the epidemic, we reviewed and evaluated the intervention measures
implemented in a major metropolitan city, Shenzhen, during the early phase of Wuhan lockdown. Methods Based on published epidemiological data on COVID-19 and population mobility data from Baidu Qianxi, we constructed a compartmental model to evaluate the impact
of work and traffic resumption on the epidemic in Shenzhen in various scenarios. Results Imported cases account for the majority (58.6%) of the early reported cases in Shenzhen. We demonstrated that with strict inflow population control and a high level of
mask usage following work resumption, various resumption schemes resulted in only an insignificant difference in the number of cumulative infections. Shenzhen may experience this second wave of infections approximately two weeks after the traffic resumption
if the incidence risk in Hubei is high at the moment of resumption. Conclusion Control of imported cases and extensive use of facial masks were the key for the prevention of the COVID-19 epidemic in Shenzhen during its reopening and work resumption. |
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Bardi, Tommaso, Pintado, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
To assess the characteristics and outcome of ICU-acquired infections in COVID-19 patients. In this retrospective single-centre,
case-control study, we included 140 patients with severe COVID-19 admitted to the ICU between March and May 2020. We evaluated the epidemiological, clinical and microbiological features, and outcome of ICU-acquired infections. Fifty seven patients (40.7%),
developed a bacterial or fungal nosocomial infection during ICU stay. Infection occurred after a median of 9 days (IQR 5-11) of admission, and was significantly associated with the APACHE II score (p=0.02). There were 91 episodes of infection: primary (31%)
and catheter-related (25%) bloodstream infections were the most frequent, followed by pneumonia (23%), tracheobronchitis (10%) and urinary tract infection (8%), that were produced by a wide spectrum of Gram positive (55%) and Gram negative bacteria (30%) as
well as fungi (15%). In 60% of cases, infection was associated with septic shock, and a significant increase in SOFA score. Overall ICU mortality was 36% (51/140). Infection was significantly associated with death (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.2-5.9, p=0.015), and a longer
ICU stay (p<0.001). Bacterial and fungal nosocomial infection is a common complication of ICU admission in patients with COVID-19. |
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Barzon, Giacomo, Rugel, et al |
arXiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
By characterising the time evolution of COVID-19 in term of its "velocity" (log of the new cases per day) and its rate
of variation, or "acceleration", we show that in many countries there has been a deceleration even before lockdowns were issued. This feature, possibly due to the increase of social awareness, can be rationalised by a susceptible-hidden-infected-recovered
(SHIR) model introduced by Barnes, in which a hidden (isolated from the virus) compartment H is gradually populated by susceptible people, thus reducing the effectiveness of the virus spreading. By introducing a partial hiding mechanism, for instance due to
the impossibility for a fraction of the population to enter the hidden state, we obtain a model that, although still sufficiently simple, faithfully reproduces the different deceleration trends observed in several major countries. |
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Basu, Saikat |
medRxiv |
Transmission Infection Prevention and Control/ Prévention et contrôle des infections
(IPAC/PCI) |
Synergizing computational fluid mechanics enabled tracking of respiratory transport in medical imaging-based anatomic
domains, with sputum assessment data from hospitalized COVID-19 patients and earlier measurements of ejecta size distribution during regular speech - this study shows that the regional deposition of virus-laden inhaled droplets at the initial nasopharyngeal
infection sites peaks for the droplet size range of 2.5 - 19 microns, and reveals that the number of virions that go on to establish the infection can be merely in the order of hundreds. If the infecting individual is in the disease phase with peak RNA load,
as many as 3835 virions will be deposited on the nasopharynx of the exposed individual over 5 minutes. |
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Baylis, Patrick, Beauregard, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Transmission Economics | Économie |
This paper documents two COVID-related risks, viral risk and employment risk, and their distributions across the Canadian
population. The measurement of viral risk is based on the VSE COVID Risk/Reward Assessment Tool, created to assist policymakers in determining the impacts of economic shutdowns and re-openings over the course of the pandemic. We document that women are more
concentrated in high viral risk occupations and that this is the source of their greater employment loss over the course of the pandemic so far. They were also less likely to maintain one form of contact with their former employers, reducing employment recovery
rates. Low educated workers face the same virus risk rates as high educated workers but much higher employment losses. Based on a rough counterfactual exercise, this is largely accounted for by their lower likelihood of switching to working from home which,
in turn, is related to living conditions such as living in crowded dwellings. For both women and the low educated, existing inequities in their occupational distributions and living situations have resulted in them bearing a disproportionate amount of the
risk emerging from the pandemic. Assortative matching in couples has tended to exacerbate risk inequities. |
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Blanco-Donoso, L, Moreno-Jiménez, et al |
J Appl Gerontol |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
Analyze the psychological consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on nursing home workers. In nursing homes where cases
of COVID-19 had been detected, workers experienced higher levels of secondary traumatic stress. Social pressure from work, high doses of exposure to suffering, lack of personnel and personal protective equipment, and minimal supervisor support were significant
in explaining traumatic stress. Supervisor and coworker support moderated some of these relationships. |
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Boonyaratanakornkit, Jim, Morishima, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques Immunology | Immunologie |
Adults with virologically-documented SARS-CoV-2 infection in a convalescent plasma donor screening program were tested
for serum IgG to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S1 domain, nucleoprotein (NP), and for nAb. Amongst 250 consecutive persons studied a median of 67 days since symptom onset, 243/250 (97%) were seropositive on one or more assays. Sixty percent of donors had nAb titers
≥1:80. Nab titers correlated with COVID-19 severity, age, and sex. Functional nAb levels were found to decline and a small proportion of COVID-19 survivors lack adaptive immune responses |
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The unequal impact of the coronavirus pandemic: Evidence from seventeen developing
countries |
Bottan, N, Hoffmann, et al |
PLoS One |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique Economics | Économie |
Using a sample of 230,540 respondents to an online survey from 17 countries in Latin America and the Caribbean, the
study shows that the economic impacts are large and unequal: 45 percent of respondents report that a household member has lost their job and, among households owning small businesses, 59 percent of respondents report that a household member has closed their
business. Among households with the lowest income prior to the pandemic, 71 percent report that a household member lost their job and 61 percent report that a household member has closed their business. Declines in food security and health are among the disproportionate
impacts. The findings provide evidence that the current public health crisis will exacerbate economic inequality and provides some of the first estimates of the impact of the pandemic on the labor market and well-being in developing countries. |
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Braunstein, Sarah Lomax, Lazar, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We matched lab-confirmed COVID-19 case and death data reported to the NYC Health Department as of June 2, 2020, against
the NYC HIV surveillance registry. We describe and compare the characteristics and COVID-19-related outcomes of PWH diagnosed with COVID-19 to all NYC PWH and to all New Yorkers diagnosed with COVID-19. Through June 2, 204,583 NYC COVID-19 cases were reported.
The registry match identified 2,410 PWH with diagnosed COVID-19 eligible for analysis (1.2% of all COVID-19 cases). Compared with all NYC PWH and all New Yorkers diagnosed with COVID-19, a higher proportion of PWH with COVID-19 were older, male, Black or Latino/Hispanic,
and living in high-poverty neighborhoods. At least one non-immunodeficiency-related underlying condition was reported for 58.9% of PWH with COVID-19. Compared with all NYC COVID-19 cases, a higher proportion of PWH with COVID-19 experienced COVID-19-related
hospitalization, intensive care unit admission, and death during this period. Most PWH with COVID-19 were HIV virally suppressed. New Yorkers with HIV comprised 1.2% of lab-confirmed COVID-19 cases. This aligns with the general prevalence of HIV in NYC (1.5%),
suggesting that PWH are not overrepresented among COVID-19 cases. However, compared with NYC COVID-19 cases overall, PWH experienced worse COVID-19-related outcomes. |
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Brener, A, Mazor-Aronovitch, et al |
Acta Diabetol |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
This observational study assessed the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on the glycemic control of pediatric patients with
type 1 diabetes (T1D). The mean glucose level, time-in-range (TIR) was 60.9 ± 14.3% before lockdown, with no significant change during lockdown (delta-TIR was 0.9 ± 7.9%). Children aged < 10 years had a significantly higher CV before lockdown and during lockdown
than children aged ≥ 10 years (P = 0.02 and P = 0.005, respectively). Among children aged < 10 years, a multiple linear regression model revealed associations of age and lower socioeconomic cluster with delta-TIR (F = 4.416, P = 0.019) and with delta-mean
glucose (F = 4.459, P = 0.018). Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) metrics in pediatric patients with T1D were relatively stable during a nationwide lockdown. |
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Caputo, C, Ciabattoni, et al |
G Ital Nefrol |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Case report of a 68 year old with COVID-19 and chronic kidney failure stage 2 |
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Chaibun, Thanyarat, Puenpa, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes |
COVID-19 is a highly contagious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Diagnosis
of COVID-19 depends on quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR), which is time-consuming and requires expensive instrumentation. Here, we report an ultrasensitive electrochemical biosensor based on isothermal rolling circle amplification (RCA) for
rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2. The assay involves the hybridization of the RCA amplicons with probes that were functionalized with redox active labels that are detectable by an electrochemical biosensor. The one-step sandwich hybridization assay could detect
as low as 1 copy/mL of N and S genes, in less than 2 hours. Sensor evaluation with 105 clinical samples, including 40 SARS-CoV-2 positive and 9 samples positive for other respiratory viruses, gave a 100% concordance result with qRT-PCR, with complete correlation
between the biosensor current signals and quantitation cycle (Cq) values. In summary, this biosensor could be used as an on-site, real-time diagnostic test for COVID-19. |
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Chew, NWS, Ngiam, et al |
BJPsych Open |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
From 29 April to 4 June 2020, the study recruited healthcare workers from major healthcare institutions in five countries
in the Asia-Pacific region. A total of 1146 participants from India, Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia and Vietnam were studied. Despite having the lowest volume of cases, Vietnam displayed the highest prevalence of PTSD. In contrast, Singapore reported the highest
case volume, but had a lower prevalence of depression and anxiety. In the multivariable analysis, we found that non-medically trained personnel, the presence of physical symptoms and presence of prior medical conditions were independent predictors across the
participating countries. |
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Coroiu, A, Moran, et al |
PLoS One |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
This cross-sectional study was conducted online with a convenience sample of English-speaking adults. The survey was
administered over the course of three weeks (March 30 -April 16, 2020) when social distancing measures were well-enforced in North America and Europe. Participants were asked to complete measures assessing socio-demographic characteristics, psychological constructs,
including motivations to engage in social distancing, prosocial attitudes, distress, and social distancing behaviors. Data were collected from 2013 adults living primarily in North America and Europe. Most frequently endorsed motivations to engage in social
distancing (or facilitators) included "I want to protect others" (86%), "I want to protect myself" (84%), and I feel a sense of responsibility to protect our community" (84%). Most frequently endorsed motivations against social distancing (or barriers) included
"There are many people walking on the streets in my area" (31%), "I have friends or family who need me to run errands for them" (25%), "I don't trust the messages my government provides about the pandemic" (13%), and "I feel stressed when I am alone or in
isolation" (13%). Adherence to social distancing recommendations ranged from 45% for "working from home or remotely" to 90% for "avoiding crowded places/non-essential travel", with men and younger individuals (18-24 years) showing lower adherence compared
to women and older individuals. This study found that adherence to social distancing recommendations vary depending on the behaviour, with none of the surveyed behaviours showing perfect adherence. |
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Croll, Tristan, Diederichs, et al |
bioRxiv |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
From the beginning of the pandemic, the Coronavirus Structural Taskforce has categorized, evaluated and reviewed all
of these experimental protein structures in order to help downstream users and original authors. Our website also offers improved models for many key structures, which have been used by Folding@Home, OpenPandemics, the EU JEDI COVID-19 challenge, and others.
Here, we describe our work for the first time, give an overview of common problems, and describe a few of these structures that have since acquired better versions in the worldwide Protein Data Bank, either from new data or as depositor re-versions using our
suggested changes. |
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Darcourt, JG, Aparicio, et al |
JCO Oncol Pract |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of telemedicine amid the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in patients with cancer
and assess barriers to its implementation. Oncology/hematology patients and their physicians expressed high levels of satisfaction with the use of telehealth video visits. |
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Deep, A, Knight, et al |
Pediatr Crit Care Med |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
In this report, we describe the hybrid model (managing both adult and pediatric patients with the same PICU staff)
implemented at our respective institutions with shared experiences, pitfalls, challenges, and adjustments required in caring for both young and older patients. The PICU at King's College Hospital admitted 23 non-coronavirus disease adult patients, while whereas
the PICU at Morgan Stanley's Children Hospital in New York admitted 46 adults, 30 of whom were coronavirus disease positive. Catering to the different physical, emotional, and social needs of both children and adults by the same PICU team was challenging.
One important consideration in both locations was the continued care of patients with severe non-coronavirus disease-related illnesses such as neurosurgical emergencies, trauma, and septic shock. This hybrid model successfully allowed for the expansion into
adult critical care while maintaining essential services for critically ill children. |
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Income inequality and risk of infection and death by COVID-19 in Brazil |
Demenech, LM, Dumith, et al |
Rev Bras Epidemiol |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
To assess, through space-time analyses, whether the income inequality of the Federative Units (FUs) in Brazil can be
associated with the risk of infection and death by COVID-19. Data were analyzed at the state level, having the Gini coefficient as the main independent variable. Records of twelve days were used, spaced one week each, between April 21th and June 7th, 2020.
The weekly variation in the rates was calculated through Prais-Winsten regression, aiming at measuring the evolution of the pandemic in each FU. Spearman's correlation test was used to assess correlation between the rates and their weekly evolution and the
independent variables. Lastly, a spatial dependence diagnosis was conducted, and a Spatial Regression lag model was used when applicable. Incidence and mortality rates of COVID-19 increased in all Brazilian FUs, being more pronounced among those with greater
economic inequality. Association between Gini coefficient and COVID-19 incidence and mortality rates remained even when demographic and spatial aspects were taken into account. |
|
Depetri, GC, Brazzoli, et al |
G Ital Nefrol |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
Between 06.03.2020 and 15.03.2020, after the detection of a Covid + hemodialysis subject, all the subjects on hemodialysis
and all the operators in the dialysis area of the Crema hospital were subjected to swabs. ll patients and healthcare workers of the Dialysis Center in Crema were evaluated (oro-pharyngeal swab for viral RNA research, qualitative anti-Covid-19 antibodies,
quantitative IgG antibodies, co-pathologies), regardless of the symptomatology, over a 60-day period. Hemodialysis patients have a risk of infection that is 12.7 times that of the local population, while healthcare workers outperform the patients for Covid-positivity
(30.3% vs 21.6%). Lethality in infected patients is high (31% of Covid-19+ subjects), while it is zero among healthcare professionals. The antibody response (qualitative and quantitative) in Covid-19+ patients is adequate, when compared to that of Covid-19+
healthcare staff. |
|
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Estimation of the basic reproduction number (R0) for the novel coronavirus disease
in Sri Lanka |
Dharmaratne, S, Sudaraka, et al |
Virol J |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Transmission Public health interventions*|
Interventions de santé publique |
The basic reproduction number (R0) is the number of cases directly caused by an infected individual throughout his
infectious period. We aimed to calculate the R0 of Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) in Sri Lanka and to describe the variation of R, with its implications to the prevention and control of the disease. Data was obtained from daily situation reports of the
Epidemiology Unit, Sri Lanka and a compartmental model was used to calculate the R0 using estimated model parameters. This value was corroborated by using two more methods, the exponential growth rate method and maximum likelihood method to obtain a better
estimate for R0. The variation of R was illustrated using a Bayesian statistical inference-based method. The R0 calculated by the first model was 1.02 confidence interval (CI) of 0.75-1.29] with a root mean squared error of 7.72. The exponential growth rate
method and the maximum likelihood estimation method yielded an R0 of 0.93 (CI of 0.77-1.10) and a R0 of 1.23 (CI of 0.94-1.57) respectively. The variation of R ranged from 0.69 to 2.20. The estimated R0 for COVID-19 in Sri Lanka, calculated by three different
methods, falls between 0.93 and 1.23, and the transmissibility R has reduced, indicating that measures implemented have achieved a good control of disease. |
|
Doerre, Achim, Doblhammer, et al |
medRxiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Transmission |
The aim of our study is to develop an age- and sex-specific model of COVID-19 transmission and to explore how contact
changes effect COVID-19 infection and death rates. Our results underline the high importance of the non-pharmaceutical mitigation measures in the current phase of the pandemic to prevent that an increase in contact rates leads to higher mortality among the
elderly. Gender differences in contact rates, in addition to biological mechanisms related to the immune system, may contribute to sex-specific infection rates and their mortality outcome. |
|
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Burnout among Portuguese healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic |
Durate, Ivone, Teixeira, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
The aim of this study was to evaluate healthcare workers (HCWs) in terms of the relative contributions of socio-demographic
and mental health variables on three burnout dimensions: personal, work-related, and client-related burnout. This cross-sectional study used an online questionnaire to collect data from HCWs via social networks. A total of 2008 subjects completed the survey.
Gender, parental status, marriage status, and salary reduction were found to be significant factors for personal burnout. Health problems and direct contact with infected people were significantly associated with more susceptibility to high personal and work-related
burnout. Frontline working positions were associated with all three dimensions. Higher levels of stress and depression in HCWs were significantly associated with increased levels of all burnout dimensions. Higher levels of satisfaction with life and resilience
were significantly associated with lower levels of all burnout dimensions. All three burnout dimensions were associated with a specific set of covariates. |
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A Self-supervised Approach for Semantic Indexing in the Context of COVID-19 Pandemic |
Ebadi, Nima, Najafirad, et al |
arXiv |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
This paper presents a case study on a novel dataset that is based on COVID-19 papers published and manually indexed
in PubMed. The study shows that the self-supervised model outperforms the best performing models of BioASQ Task 8a by micro-F1 score of 0.1 and LCA-F score of 0.08 on average. This model shows superior performance on detecting the supplementary concepts which
is quite important when the focus of the literature has drastically shifted towards specific concepts related to the pandemic. This study presents the challenges confronting semantic indexing models during a pandemic, namely new domains and drastic changes
of their distributions, and as a superior alternative for such situations, propose a model founded on approaches which have shown auspicious performance in improving generalization and data efficiency in various NLP tasks. Also show the joint indexing of major
Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and supplementary concepts improves the overall performance. |
|
El Nahas, AbeerF, Elkatatny, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
SARS-CoV-2 has rapidly spread around the world. Several mutations have been detected in its genome, but they do not
seem to affect the abilities of the virus to spread or infect. We aimed to explore the conserved genomic regions in coronavirus that could contain the key strengths of the virus. SARS-CoV-2 sequence data were retrieved from Genbank from the period of December
2019 to March 2020. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted for 207 sequences using MEGAX compared with the reference sequence (MN908947.3- CHN-Wuhan Dec-2019). The analysis included seven important genomic regions, the ORF1ab gene (21,290 bp), S gene (3,822
bp), Orf3a gene (827 bp), E gene (227 bp), M gene (669 bp), and N gene (1,259 bp), which play critical roles in virus invasion and replication. Furthermore, the variant nucleotides and amino acids were detected by MEGAX and BLAST. Through the phylogenetic
analysis and amino acid substitution, the ORF1ab gene showed 11 conserved regions and also several variable sites. The E and M genes were mainly conserved, and all sequences were included in one clade, with one or two amino acid variants. Orf3a and the N gene
have four conserved sites distributed along the genes. The S gene has 12 mutations and four main large conserved regions We conclude that the favored occurrence of mutations at the ORFab and Orf3a genes during the SARS-CoV epidemic is an important mechanism
for virus pathogenesis. The E and M proteins have an almost conserved structure, whereas the S and N genes have many conserved regions, which could serve as possible targets for vaccine design for SARS-CoV. |
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Filter clotting with continuous renal replacement therapy in COVID-19 |
Endres, P, Rosovsky, et al |
J Thromb Thrombolysis |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We aimed to characterize the burden of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) filter clotting in COVID-19 infection
and to describe a CRRT anticoagulation protocol that used anti-factor Xa levels for systemic heparin dosing. 83% of patients lost at least one filter with a median filter life of only 6.5 hours. Initiation of systemic heparin, dosed by anti-factor Xa levels,
resulted in improved long term filter life. |
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Depression and Anxiety in Mothers of Home Ventilated Children Before and During COVID-19
Pandemic |
Ergenekon, AP, Yegit, et al |
Pediatr Pulmonol |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
The aim of this study was to evaluate the depression and anxiety levels of the mothers of home-ventilated children
during the current COVID-19 pandemic and compare them to those of mothers of healthy peers. This cross-sectional study was conducted on HV children (n=21) and a control group of healthy peers (n=32) by means of a questionnaire completed by the mothers of the
children of both groups. This cross-sectional study was conducted on HV children (n=21) and a control group of healthy peers (n=32) by means of a questionnaire completed by the mothers of the children of both groups. Comparison of the BDI scores from before
and during the pandemic showed no difference between mothers of the HV children (p=0.09). Scores for BDI and STAI-T were higher in the case group than in the control group, whereas there was no significant difference in STAI-S scores. Depression and anxiety
levels of mothers of HV children were found to be higher during the COVID-19 pandemic. Economic, medical and social support resources are needed in order to reduce levels of depression and anxiety and help mothers of those children dependent on technology. |
|
Fantini, MC, Biancone, et al |
Inflamm Bowel Dis |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
In a context of strongly limited interactions between IBD patients and IBD care providers, many referral centers started
to screen patients for COVID-19-related symptoms by phone or video call interviews, in an Italian clinic. This proactive remote identification of positive patients did not seemingly change the clinical outcome. |
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|
Freitas, VLS, Konstantyner, et al |
Cad Saude Publica |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
his work aims to investigate the correspondences of the measures of networks with the emergence of cities with confirmed
cases of COVID-19 in two scales: Brazil and the State of São Paulo. We adopt the data from the Brazilian Ministry of Health and the terrestrial flow of people between cities from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics database and also use COVID-19
data from the state daily bulletins and Brazilian Ministry of Health. Some cities with high strength also appear in a report of most vulnerable cities to COVID-19 due to their intense traffic of people, namely São Paulo, Campinas, São José do Rio Preto, São
José dos Campos, Ribeirão Preto, Santos, Sorocaba , Jaboticabal, Bragança Paulista, Presidente Prudente, Bauru, and many others. Currently, they all have a significant number of confirmed cases. |
|
|
Gadhave, Kundlik, Kumar, et al |
bioRxiv |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
we have performed the extensive experimentation on NSP11. Our results based on the Circular dichroism spectroscopy
gives characteristic disordered spectrum for IDPs. Further, we investigated the conformational behaviour of nsp11 in the presence of membrane mimetic environment, alpha helix inducer, and natural osmolyte. In presence of negatively charged and neutral liposomes,
nsp11 remain disordered. However, with SDS micelle, it adopted an α-helical conformation, suggesting the helical propensity of NSP11. At the end, we again confirmed the IDP behaviour of nsp11 using molecular dynamics simulations. |
|
|
Gebrewahd, GT, Gebremeskel, et al |
Reprod Health |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
This study was aimed at determining the prevalence of intimate partner violence against reproductive age women in northern
Ethiopia during the COVID-19 pandemic. A community-based cross-sectional study design was employed. The data were collected during the period of April to May, 2020 using interviews and a self-administered standard questionnaire. A total of 682 participants
were included in the study. The prevalence of intimate partner violence against women was found to stood at 24.6% with psychological violence being the most prevalent (13.3%), followed by physical (8.3%) and sexual violence (5.3%). Women were more likely to
suffer from violence if they were housewives (AOR, 95% CI (18.062 (10.088, 32.342))), age less than 30 (AOR, 95% CI (23.045 (5.627, 94.377))), women with arrange marriage (AOR, 95% CI (2.535 (1.572, 4.087))) and women with husband's age being "between" 31-40
(AOR, CI 95% (2.212 (1.024, 4.777))). This study showed the presence of a relatively high prevalence of intimate partner violence against women. |
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|
Gerber, DE, Sheffield, et al |
J Natl Compr Canc Netw |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
During the COVID-19 public health emergency, the FDA and NIH altered clinical trial requirements to protect participants
and manage study conduct. We developed and distributed an anonymous survey assessing COVID-19-related clinical trial adjustment experiences, perceptions, and recommendations to Clinical Research Office personnel at the Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer
Center. Clinical research professionals perceive that COVID-19-related clinical trial adjustments positively impact multiple aspects of study conduct. |
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|
Gokhale, Yojana, Mehta, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
Tocilizumab, a monoclonal antibody against IL-6 receptor, is used on compassionate grounds for treatment of COVID-19
cytokine storm. Aim of this study was to assess effect of tocilizumab on mortality due to COVID-19 cytokine storm. This retrospective, observational study included patients of severe COVID-19 pneumonia with persistent hypoxia (defined as saturation 94% or
less on supplemental Oxygen of 15 L per minute through non-rebreathing mask or PaO2/FiO2 ratio of less than 200) who were admitted to tertiary care center in Mumbai, India, between 31st March to 5th July 2020. In addition to standard care, single Inj. Tocilizumab
400mg was given intravenously to 151 consecutive COVID-19 patients with persistent hypoxia from 13th May to 5th July 2020. These 151 patients were retrospectively analysed and compared with historic controls i.e consecutive COVID-19 patients with persistent
hypoxia, defined as above (N=118, from our first COVID-19 admission on 31st March to 12th May 2020 ie till tocilizumab was available in hospital). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed for identifying predictors of survival. On
multivariate Cox regression analysis, independent predictors of survival were use of tocilizumab (HR 0.621, 95% CI 0.427-0.903, P 0.013) and higher oxygen saturation. Tocilizumab improved survival in severe COVID-19 pneumonia with persistent hypoxia |
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Gopalakrishnan, Shivkumar, Kandasamy, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) studies among HCWs can identify crucial knowledge gaps and gauge psychological
impact. We aimed to assess the COVID-19 related current level of knowledge, attitude and practices among our HCWs. A cross-sectional, electronically distributed, questionnaire-based study was conducted among HCWs. The questionnaire identified participants’
demographics and the current KAP related to COVID-19. Descriptive statistics were used to present the participants’ demographics and Chi-square test to assess differences among the participants’ demographics based KAP. α < 0.05 was used for statistical significance.
The association between the knowledge, attitude and practices was assessed using Pearson correlation coefficient (r). Of 1,429 total participants, 71.9% belonged to age group 21-40 years. Female workers constituted 61.5%. Only 40.2% received any infection
control training and 62.7% relied upon single source of information update. However, 82.9% of participants had adequate knowledge. Being married, urban dwelling and higher qualification were associated with knowledge adequacy (p<0.001). Interestingly, senior
HCWs (age 41-50 years) were least likely to have adequate knowledge (74.1%). 84.2% had positive attitude towards COVID. Notably, 83.8% feared providing care to COVID patient. 93% practised safety precautions correctly most of the times and training had no
influence on practise. Positive correlation was recognized between adequate knowledge and positive attitude (r=0.26). More than 80% of HCWs in India had adequate knowledge, positive attitude and practiced safely most of the time. However pitfalls like poor
training, knowledge uncertainties and fear of disease acquisition among HCWs need to be addressed. |
|
|
Group, RECOVERYC |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie RCT |
In this randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial, a range of possible treatments were compared with usual
care in patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in the UK. Eligible and consenting patients were randomly allocated to either usual standard of care alone or usual standard of care plus lopinavir-ritonavir 400mg/100mg by mouth for 10 days or until discharge (or
one of the other treatment arms – hydroxychloroquine, dexamethasone, or azithromycin). We report the preliminary results for the comparison of lopinavir-ritonavir vs. usual care alone. The primary outcome was 28-day mortality. Between 24 March and 29 June
2020, 1616 patients were randomly allocated to receive lopinavir-ritonavir and 3424 patients to receive usual care. Overall, 374 (23·1%) patients allocated lopinavir-ritonavir and 767 (22·4%) patients allocated to usual care died within 28 days (rate ratio
1·03; 95% confidence interval CI] 0·91-1·17; P=0·60). Consistent results were seen in all pre-specified subgroups of patients. There was no difference in duration of hospitalisation (median 11 days vs. 11 days) or the proportion of patients discharged from
hospital alive within 28 days (69·2% vs. 69·7%; rate ratio 0·98; 95% CI 0·91-1·05; P=0·57). Among those not on invasive mechanical ventilation at baseline, there was no difference in the proportion meeting the composite endpoint of invasive mechanical ventilation
or death (28·5% vs. 26·3%; risk ratio 1·08; 95% CI 0·98-1·19; P=0·11). |
|
|
Hammoud, MA, Grulich, et al |
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
Investigated the impact of COVID-19 these restrictions on HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use among Australian
gay and bisexual men (GBM). |
|
|
Descriptive, Retrospective Study of the Clinical Characteristics of Asymptomatic
COVID-19 Patients |
Han, H, Xu, et al |
mSphere |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We collected samples of 25 asymptomatic and 27 symptomatic COVID-19 patients. Viral titers of throat swabs were determined
by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR). COVID-19 IgG and IgM were examined. Although similar viral loads were detected, asymptomatic patients had significantly faster virus turnover than symptomatic patients. Additionally, asymptomatic patients
had higher counts of lymphocytes, T cells, B cells, and NK cells. While liver damage was observed in symptomatic patients, asymptomatic patients showed normal liver measurements. |
|
Hazariwala, V, Hadid, et al |
J Cardiothorac Surg |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Present two patients with COVID-19 pneumonia complicated by spontaneous pneumomediastinum, pneumopericardium, pneumothorax
and subcutaneous emphysema without positive pressure ventilation. |
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|
Huang, PI, Lin, et al |
Medicina (Kaunas) |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Immunology | Immunologie |
Autoantibodies, especially antiphospholipid antibodies, can occur in severe infections. Other autoantibodies are seldom
reported. Here, a 60-year-old female patient without dry-mouth symptoms detected positive for anti-60 kDa SSA/Ro antibodies on day 43 after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Immunological characteristics of this case were detected by using flow cytometry and were compared
to the other three groups of patients-healthy subjects, 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) recovery patients, and Sjögren's syndrome (SS) patients. |
|
|
Imamura, Tomohiro, Isozumi, et al |
bioRxiv |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
In this study, we attempted to produce ORF8 protein by chemical-inducible protein production system using tobacco BY-2
cells. An ORF8-producing line was generated by the Agrobacterium method. As a result, the production of ORF8 of 8.8 ± 1.4 mg/L of culture medium was confirmed. SDS-PAGE and Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis confirmed that the ORF8 produced by this
system is a dimeric form with a three-dimensional structure, unlike that produced in Escherichia coli. Furthermore, it was suggested that the ORF8 produced by this system was N-glycosylated. Through this study, we succeeded in producing ORF8 with the correct
three-dimensional structure in a chemical-inducible protein production system using tobacco BY2 cells. It is expected that the functional analysis of ORF8 will be advanced using the ORF8 produced by this system and that it will greatly contribute to the development
of vaccines and antibodies against ORF8. |
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A Potential Peptide Inhibitor of SARS-CoV2 S and human ACE2 Complex |
Jaiswal, Grijesh, Kumar, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
The disease COVID-19 has caused heavy socio-economic burden and there is urgent need to control the SARS-CoV-2 (severe
acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) pandemic. The viral entry into human cell depends on the attachment of spike (S) protein to human cell receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). We have designed a peptide inhibitor (ΔABP- α2) targeting the
receptor binding domain (RBD) of S protein using in silico approach. Docking studies and computed affinities suggest peptide inhibitor binds at the RBD with 10-fold higher affinity than hACE2. MD simulation confirm the stable binding of inhibitor to hACE2.
Immunoinformatic studies non-immunogenic nature of peptide. Thus, the proposed peptide could serve potential therapeutics for viral infection. |
|
Janakat, S, Al Momani, et al |
Asia Pac J Public Health |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
The aim of this study is to evaluate the knowledge, behavior, and attitudes of Jordanian population toward COVID 19,
which is essential to inform policy makers and raise public awareness of the importance of self-isolation, social distancing, and screen testing. The knowledge gaps and the essential elements required to educate and encourage the Jordanian population to play
active roles in the prevention of COVID-19 disease is highlighted. |
|
|
Application of Machine Learning Techniques for Epidemic Forecasting |
Jayaraj, Jyotsna, Dutta, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
This paper discusses two existent models of prediction for outbreak and severity that helps understand how machine
learning algorithms can facilitate accurate predictions of epidemics and their related patterns, consequently influencing decisions to contain its spread. This paper implements an extrapolating model that demonstrates the proposed system using associated data
from the COVID-19 epidemic. The model uses time series forecasting to predict the future number of confirmed cases using current trends in the data. The future scope discusses the uses of other machine learning techniques to discern epidemiological trends. |
|
BayesSMILES: Bayesian Segmentation Modeling for Longitudinal
Epidemiological Studies |
Jiang, Shuang, Zhou, et al |
medRxiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health
interventions*| Interventions de santé publique |
To characterize the disease transmissibility, we propose a Bayesian change point detection model using daily actively
infectious cases. Our model is built upon a Bayesian Poisson segmented regression model. Our model can be used to evaluate public health interventions, identify latent events associated with spreading rates, and yield better short-term forecasts. |
|
COVID-19 and beliefs about tobacco use: an online cross-sectional study in Iran |
Kalan, ME, Ghobadi, et al |
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
The current study investigates beliefs and tobacco use behaviors and COVID-19 infection among a sample of smokers and
never-smokers. Data were collected using an online survey distributed through Telegram, a cloud-based social media networking application in Iran from April 1 to May 31, 2020. The study participants included never-smokers (n = 511), current (past-month) waterpipe
smokers (n = 89), current cigarette smokers (n = 158), and ex-smokers (n = 172). Key findings of this study are that compared with never-smokers: (1) cigarette smokers were less likely to believe that smoking cigarette can lead to spreading COVID-19; (2)
waterpipe smokers were more likely to believe that smoking waterpipe at home was a safe practice, that waterpipe protects against COVID-19, and smoking waterpipe may lead to a more rapid recovery from COVID-19; (3) both waterpipe and cigarette smokers believed
that using e-cigarettes in public places was a safe practice during the COVID-19 pandemic; and (4) more than half of the ex-smokers stopped smoking due to COVID-19 and most of them planned to continue abstaining from smoking after the pandemic. |
|
Kanamoto, M, Tobe, et al |
J Med Case Rep |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We report a case of a 62-year-old Japanese man who twice had positive and negative test results by polymerase chain
reaction for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 over 48 days of hospitalization, including in intensive care. This case emphasizes the importance of repeat polymerase chain reaction testing and diagnosis based on multiple criteria. |
|
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Karavadra, B, Stockl, et al |
BMC Pregnancy Childbirth |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
The aim of this national survey was to explore pregnant women’s perceptions of COVID-19 and their healthcare experiences.One
thousand four hundred fifty-one participants replied to an online questionnaire. Participants provided significant insight into the perceived barriers to seeking healthcare during this pandemic.Other concerns included the use of virtual clinics antenatally
and their acceptability to patients, the presence of birthing partners, and the way in which information is communicated about rapidly changing and evolving services. The influence of the media has also had a significant impact on the way women perceive hospital
care in light of COVID-19 and for some, this has shaped whether they would seek help. |
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Kasuga, Y, Tanaka, et al |
J Obstet Gynaecol Res |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
Data on 153 pregnant women admitted to our hospital between April 1st and June 30th, 2020 due to perinatal complications
or delivery were retrospectively reviewed and compared with 560 women hospitalized for the equivalent conditions within the same period from 2017 to 2019 (control group). Reduction in complications was observed during the COVID‐19 pandemic compared with previous
years. In particular, the proportion of hypertensive disorder of pregnancy and preterm delivery in the 2020 group were significantly lower than those in the control group. |
|
|
Kimura, Izumi, Konno, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
Here, we show that ORF6 inhibits the induction of type I IFN upon viral infection, as well as IFN types I and III signaling.
Intriguingly, the anti-IFN activity of ORF6 proteins of SARS-CoV-2 lineages is more potent than that of SARS-CoV lineages. Mutational analyses identified residues E46 and Q56 as determinants of the potent IFN-antagonistic activity of SARS-CoV-2 ORF6. Moreover,
we show that ORF6 binds to RAE1 and NUP98 via its C-terminus, thereby inhibiting the nuclear export of IFNB1 mRNA. Finally, we identify natural occurring frameshift/nonsense mutations that result in an inactivating truncation of ORF6 in approximately 0.2%
of SARS-CoV-2 isolates. Altogether, our findings suggest that ORF6 contributes to the poor IFN activation observed in COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants without functional ORF6 may contribute to the attenuation of viral pathogenicity. |
|
|
Kivuti-Bitok, Lucy, Momodu, et al |
medRxiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health
interventions*| Interventions de santé publique |
We present a population-based System Dynamics Model (SDM) of possible Covid-19 trajectories under various intervention
options in the uniqueness of Kenya. The model was simulated to determined possible outcomes of non-pharmaceutical interventions in management of Covid-19. With the current state of interventions, we estimated a peak of Covid-19 in September 2020 with an estimated
13.5 Million Covid-19 cases and 33.8 thousand deaths in Kenya. The largest possible reduction in infections and mortality was achievable through increase in the effectiveness of the interventions. |
|
|
Kohler, P, Kahlert, et al |
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Immunology | Immunologie |
In this prospective cohort of 1'012 Swiss hospital employees, three different assays were used to screen serum for
SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Seropositivity was 1%; the positive predictive value of the lateral-flow immunoassay was 64% (IgG) and 13% (IgM). History of fever and myalgia most effectively differentiated seropositive and seronegative participants. |
|
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Lampasona, V, Secchi, et al |
Diabetologia |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
The aim of the study was to characterise the humoral response against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus
2 (SARS-CoV-2) in patients with diabetes. METHODS: Using a highly specific and sensitive measurement of antibodies by fluid-phase luciferase immunoprecipitation assays, we characterised the IgG, IgM and IgA response against multiple antigens of SARS-CoV-2
in a cohort of 509 patients with documented diagnosis of COVID-19, prospectively followed at our institution. We analysed clinical outcomes and antibody titres according to the presence of hyperglycaemia, i.e., either diagnosed or undiagnosed diabetes, at
the time of, or during, hospitalisation. RESULTS: Diabetes was associated with increased levels of inflammatory biomarkers and hypercoagulopathy, as well as leucocytosis and neutrophilia. Diabetes was independently associated with risk of death, even after
adjustment for age, sex and other relevant comorbidities. Moreover, a strong association between higher glucose levels and risk of death was documented irrespective of diabetes diagnosis. |
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|
Lee, Hyejin, Lee, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
The current study investigated whether socioeconomic disparities remained in COVID-19 health outcomes under universal
health coverage and sought to determine which factor exerted the greatest effect on disparities in COVID-19 outcomes. This retrospective, observational study included all 7,590 confirmed COVID-19 patients who tested positive in South Korea through May 15,
2020. We used the official medical database, released from the Ministry of Health and Welfare and Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service in South Korea. Socioeconomic status was estimated by insurance type (National Health Insurance Service NHIS] beneficiaries
and Medical Aid MA] recipients). Nationwide, incidence of COVID-19 was 144·4 per 1,000,000, mortality rate was 4·3 per 1,000,000, and case fatality ratio was 3·0%. MA recipients had higher incidence (424·3 vs 136.3), mortality rate (28·3 vs 3·6), and case
fatality ratio (6·7 vs 2·7) than NHIS beneficiaries. After adjustment, older age, male sex, hypertension, higher Charlson comorbidity index score, and region were associated with higher odds of COVID-19 case fatality. |
|
|
Stage Migration in Newly Diagnosed Cancer Patients During the
COVID-19 Pandemic Era |
Lee, Shin Ae, Cheun, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
We investigated the stages at the time of presentation in 873 newly diagnosed breast, gastric, colon, and thyroid cancer
patients visiting Seoul National University Cancer Hospital during the eight weeks before (Nov 18, 2019 to Jan 10, 2020) and after (Apr 1. 2020 to May 29, 2020) the SARS-CoV-2 transmission spikes in Korea. We observed a significant stage migration in breast
cancer patients toward more advanced stages (p<0.001). The incidence of stage III breast cancer increased from 8.4% in Pre-COVID-19 to 23.8% in Post-COVID-19. More than one third of the newly breast cancer patients during the Post-COVID-19 period underwent
systemic chemotherapy as their first line of treatment (36.5% in Post-COVID-19 vs 23.0% in Pre-COVID-19, p=0.006). Similar trends of stage migration were also observed in patients with gastric and colon cancer but not in patients with thyroid cancer. Our data
suggest that we are experiencing a potential shifting in disease severity in multiple cancer types during this unprecedented era of the COVID-19 pandemic. Healthcare providers as well as the oncologists should be aware of the possibility of this stage migration
especially when their countries have adopted more strict measures such as the nationwide lockdown. |
|
Contact Graph Epidemic Modelling of COVID-19 for Transmission and Intervention Strategies |
Leung, Abby, Ding, et al |
arXiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
The authors study a structure aware model of COVID-19 CGEM. This model becomes similar to the classical compartment-based
models in epidemiology if we assume the contact network is a Erdos-Renyi (ER) graph, i.e. everyone comes into contact with everyone else with the same probability. In contrast, CGEM is more expressive and allows for plugging in the actual contact networks,
or more realistic proxies for it. Moreover, CGEM enables more precise modelling of enforcing and releasing different non-pharmaceutical intervention (NPI) strategies. Through a set of extensive experiments, this study demonstrates significant differences between
the epidemic curves when assuming different underlying structures. And also demonstrated that the compartment-based models are overestimating the spread of the infection by a factor of 3, and under some realistic assumptions on the compliance factor, underestimating
the effectiveness of some of NPIs, mischaracterizing others (e.g. predicting a later peak), and underestimating the scale of the second peak after reopening. |
|
Lim, SW, Wong, et al |
Am J Case Rep |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
This report presents the case of an elderly woman with a history of Type 2 diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia, recently
recovered from COVID-19. The woman presented with right-sided weakness and pain in the back of her neck. A computed tomography (CT) scan of her neck revealed a very subtle hyperdensity, which on further investigation was found to be an acute epidural hematoma
at C2-C3 space through the C6 vertebra. While awaiting surgery, the patient had spontaneous improvement of her right-sided weakness and her condition eventually was managed conservatively. |
|
|
Lo, HY, Lin, et al |
BMC Med Educ |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
This was a retrospective study of EM resident physicians’ training in a tertiary teaching hospital with two branch
regional hospitals in Taiwan. The mean number of patients per hour (PPH) seen by EM residents in the adult ED decreased in all three hospitals during the pandemic. The average PPH of critical area of medical ED was 1.68 in the pre-epidemic period and decreased
to 1.33 in the epidemic period (p value < 0.001). The average number of patients managed by residents decreased from 1.24 to 0.82 in the trauma ED (p value = 0.01) and 1.56 to 0.51 in the pediatric ED (p value = 0.003) during the pandemic, respectively. The
severity of patient illness did not change significantly between the periods.The COVID-19 pandemic engendered a reduced ED volume and decreased EM residents’ clinical exposure. All portion of EM residency training were affected by the pandemic, with pediatric
EM being the most affected. |
|
|
Remdesivir targets a structurally analogous region of the Ebola virus and SARS-CoV-2
polymerases |
Lo, MK, Albariño, et al |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A |
Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
With approvals from the Federal Select Agent Program and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Institutional
Biosecurity Board, we characterized the resistance profile of remdesivir by serially passaging Ebola virus under remdesivir selection; we generated lineages with low-level reduced susceptibility to remdesivir after 35 passages. We found that a single amino
acid substitution, F548S, in the Ebola virus polymerase conferred low-level reduced susceptibility to remdesivir. The F548 residue is highly conserved in filoviruses but should be subject to specific surveillance among novel filoviruses, in newly emerging
variants in ongoing outbreaks, and also in Ebola virus patients undergoing remdesivir therapy. Homology modeling suggests that the Ebola virus polymerase F548 residue lies in the F-motif of the polymerase active site, a region that was previously identified
as susceptible to resistance mutations in coronaviruses. Our data suggest that molecular surveillance of this region of the polymerase in remdesivir-treated COVID-19 patients is also warranted. |
|
Lu, Qing-Bin, Zhang, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
Background: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic has been largely controlled in China, to the point where
case fatality rate (CFR) data can be comprehensively evaluated. Methods: Data on confirmed patients, with a final outcome reported as of 29 March 2020, were obtained from official websites and other internet sources. The hospitalized CFR (HCFR) was estimated,
epidemiological features described, and risk factors for a fatal outcome identified. Findings: The overall CFR in China was estimated to be 4.6% (95% CI 4.5%-4.8%). It increased with age and was higher in males than females. The highest CFR observed was in
male patients ≥70 years old. Although the outcome of infection is generally worse for males, this adverse effect from male sex decreased as people get old. Differential age/sex CFR patterns across geographical regions were found: the age effect on CFR was
greater in other provinces outside Hubei than in Wuhan. An effect of longer interval from symptom onset to admission was only observed outside Hubei, not in Wuhan. By performing multivariate analysis and survival analysis, the higher CFR was associated with
older age, and male sex. Only in regions outside Hubei, longer interval from symptom onset to admission, were associated with higher CFR. Interpretation: This up-to-date and comprehensive picture of COVID-19 CFR and its drivers will help healthcare givers
target limited medical resources to patients with high risk of fatality. |
|
|
Lun, R, Walker, et al |
J Neurointerv Surg |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the way medicine is practiced, including the implementation of virtual care in many
specialties. Our objective was to report prospective, single-centre data regarding patient and physician experience with virtual interventional neuroradiology (INR) clinics for routine follow-up appointments. Virtual INR clinics are more efficient and are
preferred among patients and physicians for non-urgent follow-up appointments. |
|
|
The potential impact of a recent measles epidemic
on COVID-19 in Samoa |
MacIntyre, CR, Costantino, et al |
BMC Infect Dis |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
We modelled the potential impact of measles-induced immune amnesia on a COVID-19 epidemic in Samoa using data on measles
incidence in 2018–2019, population data and a hypothetical COVID-19 epidemic. The young population structure and contact matrix in Samoa results in the most transmission occurring in young people < 20 years old. The highest rate of death is the 60+ years old,
but a smaller peak in death may occur in younger people, with more than 15% of total deaths in the age group under 20 years old. Measles induced immune amnesia could increase the total number of cases by 8% and deaths by more than 2%. |
|
Early detection of COVID-19 mortality risk using non-invasive clinical
characteristics |
Mahdavi, Mahdi, Choubdar, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
With no effective treatment currently available and maximum preventive measures already in place, more interventions
in the clinical field are needed to decrease COVID-19 patient mortality. Early prediction of mortality risk in COVID-19 patients can decrease mortality by assuring efficient resource allocation and treatment planning. This study conducts an early prediction
of COVID-19 prognosis using laboratory, clinical, and demographic data collected from patients in the first day of admission. Three machine learning models were developed to investigate and compare the prediction power of invasive and noninvasive biomarkers.
The results suggest that early mortality prediction of patients via non-invasive biomarkers provides significant accuracy and can be used as a triage assisting tool without the need for additional costs or waiting time of laboratory tests. |
|
Maloney, MichaelJ, Rhodes, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique |
We utilized a non-parametric machine-learning algorithm to test the a priori hypothesis that mask mandates (MM) were
associated with reductions in new COVID-19 cases. Publicly available data were used to analyze new COVID-19 cases from 37 States and the District of Columbia. Since transmissions occur at the individual rather than at the collective level, additional work
is needed to identify optimal social, psychological, environmental, and educational factors which will reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and facilitate MM effectiveness across diverse settings. |
|
|
Stochastic sampling effects favor manual over digital contact tracing |
Mancastroppa, Marco, Castellano, et al |
arXiv |
Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique |
The breaking of contagion chains relies on two main alternative strategies: manual reconstruction of contacts based
on interviews or a digital (app-based) privacy-preserving contact tracing protocol. The authors compare in the same framework the effectiveness of the two strategies within the activity-driven model, a general empirically validated framework for network dynamics.
Using model parameters tailored to describe SARS-CoV-2 diffusion, they show that even when the probability for a contact to be traced is the same, manual contact tracing robustly performs better than the digital protocol in increasing the epidemic threshold,
limiting the height of the epidemic peaks and reducing the number of isolated individuals. The better performance of manual tracing is enhanced by the heterogeneous features of agent behavior: a superspreader not adopting the app is completely invisible to
digital contact tracing, while she can be traced manually, due to her multiple contacts. |
|
Matondo, Aristote, Kilembe, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of the COVID-19 disease. Pathophysiologically, high levels of proinflammatory cytokines
in the serum of SARS-CoV-2 patients are reported, which is so-called the cytokine storm. In this study, molecular docking calculations of six bioactive compounds from Passiflora edulis with anti-inflammatory activity in interaction with the main protease of
SARS-CoV-2 were performed, and their pharmacokinetic properties were predicted. The results of their molecular simulations and the ADME-T profiles of each ligand (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion and Toxicity) suggest their use as potential
treatment for SARS-CoV-2. Among the six investigated compounds in which four flavonoids and two alkaloids, the best docked ligands are quercetin (-8.2 kcal/mol), chrysin (-8.0 kcal/mol), kaempferol (-7.9 kcal/mol) and luteolin (-7.7 kcal/mol), both flavonoids
compounds. Their pharmacokinetic studies using SwissADME, preADMET and pkCSM Web servers establish the good ADMET profile for each ligand. |
|
|
A systematic framework for spatiotemporal modelling of COVID-19 disease |
Michalak, Michal Pawel, Cordes, et al |
arXiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
This study provides a spatiotemporal framework composed of six commonly used and newly constructed epidemiological
metrics and conduct a case study evaluation. Introduce a refined risk model that is biased neither by the differences in population sizes nor by the spatial heterogeneity of testing. In particular, the proposed methodology is useful for the unbiased identification
of time periods with elevated COVID-19 risk, without sensitivity to spatial heterogeneity of neither population nor testing. The results also provide insights regarding regional prioritization of testing and the consequences of potential synchronization of
epidemics between regions. |
|
Optimising 'Test and Trace' Systems: Early lessons from a comparative
analysis of six countries |
Moon, Joshua, Chekar, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique |
Each country has its own set of measures for testing COVID-19 cases, finding contacts, and isolating and supporting
those affected by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This article presents early results from a comparative analysis of six countries; Germany, Ireland, Spain, South Africa, South Korea, and the UK. Using evidence from publicly available sources, the paper presents analyses
of testing systems in the study countries, using a Find, Test, Trace, Isolate, and Support (FTTIS) framework. The article demonstrates that no single study country has a fully optimised FTTIS system, with lessons to be learned for all from international comparisons. |
|
Mosconi, G, Spazzoli, et al |
G Ital Nefrol |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Case report of a 93 year old female on hemodialysis s who recovered from a Covid-19 infection without any significant
clinical problems. |
|
|
Negri, Virginia, Scuratti, et al |
arXiv |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
In this paper we investigate whether it is possible to obtain such data by aggregating information from images posted
to social media. Combining recent advances in image recognition technology with geocoding and crowdsourcing techniques to build a pipeline for image-based social sensing. Our aim is to discover in which countries, and to what extent, people are following COVID-19
related policy directives. We compared the results with the indicators produced within the Covid-19 behavior tracker initiative by ICL and YouGov (CovidDataHub). Preliminary results shows that social media images can produce reliable indicators for policy
makers. |
|
|
Nicholls, SamuelM, Poplawski, et al |
bioRxiv |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
In response to the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the United Kingdom, the COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) consortium
was formed with the aim of rapidly sequencing SARS-CoV-2 genomes as part of a national-scale genomic surveillance strategy. The network consists of universities, academic institutes, regional sequencing centres and the four UK Public Health Agencies. We describe
the development and deployment of Majora, an encompassing digital infrastructure to address the challenge of collecting and integrating both genomic sequencing data and sample-associated metadata produced across the COG-UK network. The system was designed
and implemented pragmatically to stand up capacity rapidly in a pandemic caused by a novel virus. This approach has underpinned the success of COG-UK, which has rapidly become the leading contributor of SARS-CoV-2 genomes to international databases and has
generated over 60,000 sequences to date. |
|
|
Ogliari, G, Lunt, et al |
Arch Osteoporos |
Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique Healthcare Response |
Réponse des soins de santé |
This study investigated whether osteoporotic fractures declined during lockdown, among adults aged 50 years and older.
Prior to lockdown, in 2020, 63.1 (SD 12.6) outpatients per week attended the Fracture Clinic, similar to previous years (p value 0.338). During lockdown, 26.0 (SD 7.3) outpatients per week attended the Fracture Clinic, fewer than previous years (p value <
0.001); similar findings were observed in both sexes and age groups (all p values < 0.001). During lockdown, 16.1 (SD 5.6) inpatients per week were admitted for hip fracture, similar to previous years (p value 0.776). |
|
|
Pandey, Pawan, Katoch, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
In this paper, an analysis and forecasting of Indian COVID-19 data is discussed by using scipy optimize curve fitting
model of machine learning. We demonstrates the month wise analysis of coming cases, daily recovered cases, death cases and test cases conducted by the Government of India, of COVID-19 from 01st March 2020 to 02nd August 2020, and also forecast for the new
cases, recover cases & death cases from 03rd August 2020 to 01st November 2020. Our study show that the total numbers of affected persons due to COVID-19 up to 01st November 2020 will be total cases 13,690,491, recover cases 10,499,593 and death of 129,271. |
|
|
Patel, SheilaK, Juno, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We reported downregulation of cardiac ACE2 is associated with increased plasma ACE2 activity. Plasma ACE2 activity
at a median of 35 days post-infection was 97-fold higher in recovered SARS-CoV-2 patients compared to controls. This is the first description that plasma ACE2 activity is elevated after COVID-19 infection, and the first with longitudinal data indicating plasma
ACE2 activity remains elevated out to a median of 114 days post- infection. |
|
|
M3Lung-Sys: A Deep Learning System for Multi-Class Lung Pneumonia Screening from CT Imaging |
Qian, Xuelin, Fu, et al |
arXiv |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection
d'agents pathogènes |
We propose a Multi-task Multi-slice Deep Learning System (M3Lung-Sys) for multi-class lung pneumonia screening from
CT imaging, which only consists of two 2D CNN networks, i.e., slice- and patient-level classification networks. The former aims to seek the feature representations from abundant CT slices instead of limited CT volumes, and for the overall pneumonia screening,
the latter one could recover the temporal information by feature refinement and aggregation between different slices. In addition to distinguish COVID-19 from Healthy, H1N1, and CAP cases, our M 3 Lung-Sys also be able to locate the areas of relevant lesions,
without any pixel-level annotation. To further demonstrate the effectiveness of our model, we conduct extensive experiments on a chest CT imaging dataset with a total of 734 patients (251 healthy people, 245 COVID-19 patients, 105 H1N1 patients, and 133 CAP
patients). The quantitative results with plenty of metrics indicate the superiority of our proposed model on both slice- and patient-level classification tasks. More importantly, the generated lesion location maps make our system interpretable and more valuable
to clinicians. |
|
Ramasamy, K, Saniasiaya, et al |
Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
This study investigated the prevalence of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction among 145 patients with COVID-19 infection
and the recovery rate. The mean age of patients was 43.0 ± 17.7 (range: 18-86). Fever (44.1%) and cough (39.3%) were the most prevalent general symptoms. Thirty-one patients (21.4%) reported olfactory dysfunction and 34 (23.4%) reported dysgeusia. There was
a significant association between both olfactory and gustatory dysfunction (P < .001). Altered sense of smell or taste occurred before other symptoms in 7 (15.9%); concomitant in 16 (36.4%) and after in 15 (34.1%). Six patients (13.6%) reported isolated sudden-onset
anosmia. The median duration of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions was 7 days. Complete recovery was achieved for 70.5% of the patients within 7 days of symptom onset. Only 6 (19.4%) of the 31 patients with olfactory dysfunction experienced nasal obstruction
or rhinorrhea. |
|
|
Rana, Muhammad Asim, Hashmi, et al |
medRxiv |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
We compared the efficacy of methylprednisolone and dexamethasone in reducing inflammation and improving the partial
pressure of arterial oxygen and fraction of inspired oxygen (PaO2/FiO2 or P/F) ratio in COVID-19 patients. Both dexamethasone and methylprednisolone significantly improved the P/F ratio (p<0.05), and dexamethasone was significantly more effective than methylprednisolone
(p<0.05). Steroids have ability to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune response make them an effective tool in the treatment of COVID-19. |
|
|
Reyes, LenisseM, Ortiz, et al |
medRxiv |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
This study aimed at ascertaining the relationship of the perceptions of the individuals regarding the origin of the
virus with the knowledge and perception about social distancing. For such purpose, a web-based cross-sectional study was conducted among a sample population from five provinces of the Dominican Republic within the period of June to July of 2020. The level
of education was significantly associated (P = 0.017) with individuals' perception about the origin of COVID-19, whilst only age (P = 0.032) and education level (P < 0.001) statistically significantly predicted 'knowledge about social distancing'. |
|
|
Effect of school closures on mortality from coronavirus disease 2019: old and new
predictions |
Rice, K, Wynne, et al |
Bmj |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health
interventions*| Interventions de santé publique |
The model predicted that school closures and isolation of younger people would increase the total number of deaths,
albeit postponed to a second and subsequent waves. The findings of this study suggest that prompt interventions were shown to be highly effective at reducing peak demand for intensive care unit (ICU) beds but also prolong the epidemic, in some cases resulting
in more deaths long term. This happens because covid-19 related mortality is highly skewed towards older age groups. In the absence of an effective vaccination programme, none of the proposed mitigation strategies in the UK would reduce the predicted total
number of deaths below 200 000. |
|
The effect of temperature on persistence of SARS-CoV-2 on common surfaces |
Riddell, S, Goldie, et al |
Virol J |
Transmission Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
This study measured the survival rates of infectious SARS-CoV-2, suspended in a standard ASTM E2197 matrix, on several
common surface types. All experiments were carried out in the dark, to negate any effects of UV light. Inoculated surfaces were incubated at 20 °C, 30 °C and 40 °C and sampled at various time points. Survival rates of SARS-CoV-2 were determined at different
temperatures and D-values, Z-values and half-life were calculated. We obtained half lives of between 1.7 and 2.7 days at 20 °C, reducing to a few hours when temperature was elevated to 40 °C. With initial viral loads broadly equivalent to the highest titres
excreted by infectious patients, viable virus was isolated for up to 28 days at 20 °C from common surfaces such as glass, stainless steel and both paper and polymer banknotes. Conversely, infectious virus survived less than 24 h at 40 °C on some surfaces. |
|
Rifino, N, Censori, et al |
J Neurol |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
The aim of this study is to provide an extensive overview on the major neurological complications in a large cohort
of COVID-19 patients. Of 1760 COVID-19 patients, 137 presented neurologic manifestations that manifested after COVID-19 symptoms in 98 and was the presenting symptom in 39. Patients with peripheral nervous system involvement had more frequently severe ARDS
compared to patients with cerebrovascular disease. |
|
|
Roy, Subrata, Nath, et al |
bioRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
In this study, we investigated the diversity of the virus in the context of SARS-CoV-2 spread in India. Analysis of
the genomic signatures of the non-synonymous mutations demonstrated a strong association between the time of sample collection and the accumulation of genetic diversity. Most of these isolates from India belonged to the A2a clade (63.4%) which has overcome
the selective pressure and is spreading rapidly across several continents. Interestingly a new clade I/A3i has emerged as the second-highest prevalent type among the Indian isolates, comprising 25.5% of the Indian sequences. Maximum accumulation of mutations
was observed in ORF1a. We have observed that SARS-CoV-2 genomes contain more uracil than any other nucleotide. |
|
|
Ruszkiewicz, Dorota, Sanders, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection
d'agents pathogènes |
We studied the feasibility of using breath-analysis to distinguish Covid-19 from other respiratory conditions with
near-patient gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS). Independent studies at Edinburgh, UK, and Dortmund, Germany, recruited adult patients with possible Covid-19 at hospital presentation. Participants gave a single breath-sample for volatile
organic compounds analysis by GC-IMS. Covid-19 infection was identified by RT-qPCR of oral/nasal swabs together with clinical-review. Following correction for environmental contaminants, potential Covid-19 breath-biomarkers were identified by multi-variate
analysis and comparison to GC-IMS databases. A Covid-19 breath-score based on the relative abundance of a panel of volatile organic compounds was proposed and tested against the cohort data. Ninety-eight patients were recruited, of whom 21/33 (63.6%) and 10/65
(15.4%) had Covid-19 in Edinburgh and Dortmund, respectively. Differentiation of patients with definite diagnosis (25 and 65) of Covid-19 from non-Covid-19 was possible with 80% and 81.5% accuracy in Edinburgh and Dortmund respectively. |
|
|
Sáez, C, Romero, et al |
J Am Med Inform Assoc |
Public Health Priorities| Priorités de santé publique |
Call for systematic assessment and reporting of data source variability and data quality in COVID-19 data sharing,
as key information for reliable and generalizable machine learning based on variability in COVID-19 data . |
|
|
Sasangohar, F, Dhala, et al |
BMJ Qual Saf |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
The objective of this paper is to document findings from interviews conducted with family members on three categories:
(1) feelings experienced during the visit, (2) barriers, challenges or concerns faced using this service, and (3) opportunities for improvements. METHODS: Family members were interviewed postvisit via phone from from 6 to 27 April 2020. CONCLUSIONS: Use of
vICU for remote family visitations evoked happiness, joy, gratitude and relief and a sense of closure for those who lost loved ones during the COVID-19 pandemic. |
|
|
Fatal case of COVID-19 in a 27-year-old woman with diabetes mellitus |
Schlömmer, C, Dünser, et al |
Wien Klin Wochenschr |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
This case report describes a fatal case of COVID-19 in a 27-year-old woman with diabetes mellitus. The patient initially
presented with gastrointestinal symptoms, and mildly reduced oxygen saturation and elevated body temperature were noted upon admission. The diabetes was not well-controlled with a HbA1c of 13.3%, complicated by long-term sequelae, such as arterial hypertension,
chronic kidney disease stage G4, an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (CKD-EPI) of 23.8 ml/min/1.73m2 on admission and obesity (body mass index, BMI 30 kg/m2). Bilateral opacities were detected on chest X-ray and patient tested positive for SARS-CoV-2.
On hospital day 2, respiratory function deteriorated within a few hours and the patient had to be admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) where she required emergency endotracheal intubation due to acute respiratory distress syndrome. Her condition could
only be stabilized with invasive mechanical ventilation and prone positioning and 4 days after ICU and 5 days after hospital admission, the patient unexpectedly died due to acute right heart failure. |
|
Siddiqi, K, Siddiqui, et al |
Nicotine Tob Res |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
This Study investigated the influence of COVID-19 on smoking patterns in Pakistan. In a longitudinal survey, we asked
cigarette smokers in Pakistan about their smoking behaviours before and since COVID-19. We recruited 6,014 smokers between September 2019 and February 2020; of these, 2,087 (2,062 reported smoking outcomes) were followed up in May 2020 after COVID-19. Since
COVID-19, 14% (290/2,062) smokers reported quitting. Among those who continued smoking: 68% (1210/1772) reduced, 14% (239/1772) maintained, and 18% (323/1772) increased cigarette consumption; 37% (351/938) reported at least one quit attempt; 41% (669/1619)
were more motivated while 21% (333/1619) were less motivated to quit. There have been significant bidirectional changes in smoking patterns since COVID-19 in Pakistan. While many people stopped, reduced, or tried quitting smoking, some increased smoking, and
some relapsed after quitting. |
|
|
Soto-Becerra, Percy, Culquichicon, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness alone or combined of hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, and ivermectin to reduce
30-day mortality among COVID-19 without life-threatening illness, hospitalized patients in Peru. Our study reported no beneficial effects of hydroxychloroquine, ivermectin, azithromycin, or their combinations. The AZIT+HCQ treatment reported increased risk
of all-cause mortality. |
|
|
Clinical and molecular characteristics of COVID-19 patients with persistent
SARS-CoV-2 infection |
Sun, Chaoyang, Fan, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Immunology | Immunologie |
In this study, we investigated the differences in clinical parameters, laboratory indexes, plasma cytokines, and peripheral
blood mononuclear cell responses, which were assessed using single-cell RNA-sequencing in patients with non-critical COVID-19 with long durations (LDs) and short durations (SDs) of viral shedding. Our results revealed that clinical parameters and laboratory
indexes, such as c-reactive protein (CRP) and D-dimer, were comparable between SDs and LDs. Most inflammatory cytokines/chemokines, such as IL-2, IL2R, TNFα/β, IL1β, and CCL5 were present at low levels in LDs. Our single-cell RNA-sequencing revealed a reconfiguration
of the peripheral immune cell phenotype in LDs, including decreases in natural killer (NK) cells and CD14+ monocytes and an increase in regulatory T cells (Tregs). Furthermore, most cell subsets in LDs consistently exhibited reduced expression of ribosomal
protein (RP) genes, indicating dysfunctions in cytokine/chemokine synthesis, folding, modification, and assembly. Accordingly, the negative correlation between the RP levels and viral shedding duration was validated in an independent cohort of bulk-RNA-sequencing
data from 103 non-critical patients, which may help guide clinical management and resource allocation. Moreover, peripheral T and NK cells and memory B cells in LDs likely failed to activate, which contributed to the persistence of viral shedding. |
|
Mass spectrometric based detection of protein nucleotidylation
in the RNA polymerase of SARS-CoV-2 |
Sussman, MichaelR, Conti, et al |
bioRxiv |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
We show, for the first time, the detection and sequence location of GMP-modified amino acids in nidovirus RdRP-associated
proteins using heavy isotope-assisted MS and MS/MS peptide sequencing. We identified lys-143 in the equine arteritis virus (EAV) protein, nsp7, as a primary site of nucleotidylation in vitro that uses a phosphoramide bond to covalently attach with GMP. In
SARS-CoV-2 replicase proteins, we demonstrate a unique O-linked GMP attachment on nsp7 ser-1, whose formation required the presence of nsp12. |
|
BCG epidemiology supports its protection against COVID-19? A word of caution |
Szigeti, R, Kellermayer, et al |
PLoS One |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
Recent observations, linked nation based universal Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination to potential protection
against morbidity and mortality from SARS-CoV-2, and received much attention in public media. We wished to validate the findings by examining the country based association between COVID-19 mortality per million population, or daily rates of COVID-19 case fatality
(i.e. Death Per Case/Days of the endemic dpc/d]) and the presence of universal BCG vaccination before 1980, or the year of the establishment of universal BCG vaccination. These associations were examined in multiple regression modeling based on publicly available
databases on both April 3rd and May 15th of 2020. COVID-19 deaths per million negatively associated with universal BCG vaccination in a country before 1980 based on May 15th data, but this was not true for COVID-19 dpc/d on either of days of inquiry. We also
demonstrate possible arbitrary selection bias in such analyses. Consequently, caution should be exercised amidst the publication surge on COVID-19, due to political/economical-, arbitrary selection-, and fear/anxiety related biases, which may obscure scientific
rigor. |
|
SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Serially Tested Emergency Medical Services Workers |
Tarabichi, Y, Watts, et al |
Prehosp Emerg Care |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
We conducted a prospective serial serologic survey by recruiting public first responders from Cleveland area emergency
medical services agencies and fire departments. Volunteers submitted a nasopharyngeal swab for SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing and serum samples to detect the presence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 on two visits scheduled approximately 3 weeks apart. 296 respondents
completed a first visit and 260 completed the second. While 71% of respondents reported exposure to SARS-CoV-2, only 5.4% (95% CI 3.1-8.6) had positive serologic testing. No subjects had a positive PCR. On the first visit, eight (50%) of the test-positive
subjects had no symptoms and only one (6.2%) sought healthcare or missed school or work. None of the subjects that tested negative on the first visit were positive on their second. While our results show a relatively low rate of test positivity for SARS-CoV-2
amongst first responders, most were either asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic. |
|
Teitelbaum, S, Diaz, et al |
Aesthet Surg J |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
This survey assessed the safety of plastic surgery during the pandemic by quantifying: 1) the preoperative prevalence
of SARS-CoV-2; 2) the risk of postop COVID-19; 3) outcomes and precious resource utilization for such cases; and 4) the risks to office staff. 112 surgeons reported 5633 surgeries since resuming elective surgery. 103 (91.96%) of respondents obtained a SARS-CoV-2
PCR test on every preoperative patient. The preoperative PCR test was positive in 41/5881 (0.69%). Positive tests within two weeks occurred in 7/5380 (0.13%) of surgical patients, 3/8506 (0.04%) of injection patients, and 6/2519 (0.24%) of energy therapy patients.
Nine offices reported at least one staff member who developed COVID-19. All cases were mild, with no hospitalizations or deaths. |
|
|
Traversari, L, Camilli, et al |
G Ital Nefrol |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
We describe the actions taken to prevent the transmission of the virus SARS-CoV-2 among hemodialysis patients and healthcare
workers and the methods for diagnosing COVID-19, with particular attention to serological tests and nasopharyngeal swabs in asymptomatic subjects. The detection of IgM and IgG antibodies through the serological test performed on 34 patients, all negative for
nasopharyngeal swabs, showed positivity in 41,18% of cases. These have been classified as false positives following repeated negative nasopharyngeal swabs, the evaluation of clinical and epidemiological history and of clinical manifestations and, finally,
a second serological test performed after 18 days, which resulted negative for all patients. |
|
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Malignant Arrhythmias in Patients with COVID-19: Incidence, Mechanisms and Outcomes |
Turagam, MK, Musikantow, et al |
Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We extracted data from a registry (NCT04358029) regarding consecutive inpatients with confirmed COVID-19, were receiving
continuous telemetric ECG monitoring, and had a definitive disposition of hospital discharge or death. Between patients who died versus discharged, we compared a primary composite endpoint of cardiac arrest from ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation or bradyarrhythmias
such as atrio-ventricular block. Results - Among 800 COVID-19 patients at Mount Sinai Hospital with definitive dispositions, 140 patients had telemetric monitoring and either died (52) or were discharged (88). Hospitalized COVID-19 patients who die experience
malignant cardiac arrhythmias more often than those surviving to discharge. |
|
Suicide and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic
in Japan |
Ueda, Michiko, Nordström, et al |
medRxiv |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
We analyzed data from monthly suicide statistics between January 2017 and August 2020 and online surveys on mental
health among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan. Compared to the last three years (2017-2019), the number of suicide deaths was lower during the initial phase of the pandemic but subsequently exceeded the past trend. By August 2020,
the total number of suicides was 5.69% higher than the average number of suicides in the same month of the previous three years. |
|
Upreti, Shobha, Prusty, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
In the present study, we have applied the bioinformatics approach for screening of a series of bioactive chemical compounds
from Himalayan stinging nettle (Urtica dioica) as potent inhibitors of ACE-2 receptor (PDB ID: 1R4L). The molecular docking was applied to dock a set of representative compounds within the active site region of target receptor protein using 0.8 version of
the PyRx virtual screen tool and analyzed by using discovery studio visualizer. Based on the highest binding affinity, 16 compounds were shortlisted as a lead molecule using molecular docking analysis. Among them, β-sitosterol was found with the highest binding
affinity -12.2 Kcal/mol and stable interactions with the amino acid residues present on the active site of the ACE-2 receptor. Similarly, Luteoxanthin and Violaxanthin followed by rutin also displayed stronger binding efficiency. We propose these compounds
as potential lead candidates for the development of target specific therapeutic drugs against COVID-19. |
|
|
Time-dependent SI model for epidemiology and applications to Covid-19 |
Urena-Lopez, L |
arXiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
We propose an exponentially decaying transmission rate with two free parameters, one for its initial amplitude and
another one for its decaying rate. The resultant time-dependent SI model, which under extra conditions recovers the standard Gompertz functional form, is then compared with data from selected countries and its parameters fit using Bayesian inference. We make
predictions about the asymptotic number of confirmed positives and deaths, and discuss the possible evolution of the disease in each country in terms of our parametrisation of the transmission rate. |
|
Vacanti, G, Bramlage, et al |
Herz |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
Assess the impact of the current COVID-19 health crisis on admission for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in the cardiology
department of a tertiary general hospital in Germany with a COVID-19 ward. The COVID-19 health and social crisis has caused a worrying trend of reduced cardiological admissions for ACS, without evidence of a decrease in its incidence. |
|
|
Valiente-De Santis, Lucia, Perez-Camacho, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques Immunology | Immunologie |
This prospective, observational, single-centre study included outpatients reviewed 12 weeks after an acute infection
with SARS-CoV-2. The persistence of symptoms in patents with COVID is usual 12 weeks after the acute episode, especially in patients <65 years and health-care workers. All the patients had antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. |
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|
Valverde, Israel, Singh, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
The aim of the study was to document cardiovascular clinical findings, cardiac imaging and laboratory markers in children
presenting with the novel multisystemic inflammatory syndrome associated with COVID-19. A total of 286 children from 55 centres from 17 European countries were included. Most common cardiovascular complications were shock (40%), cardiac arrhythmias (35%),
pericardial effusion (28%) and coronary artery dilatation (24%). Reduced left ventricular ejection fraction was present in 52% of patients and 93% had raised cardiac troponin (cTnT). The biochemical markers of inflammation were raised in majority of patients
on admission: elevated CRP (99%), ferritin (79%), procalcitonin (96%), NT-proBNP (93%), IL-6 level (88%) and D-dimers (90%). There was a statistically significant correlation between degree of elevation in cardiac and biochemical parameters and need of intensive
care support (p <0·05). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for SARS-CoV-2 was positive in 33·6% while IgM antibody was positive in 15·7% and IgG 43·6% cases. Only 1 death was reported. Cardiac involvement is common in children with multi-inflammatory syndrome
associated with COVID-19 pandemic. A majority of children have significantly raised levels of NT pro-BNP, ferritin, D-dimers and cardiac troponin in addition to high CRP and procalcitonin levels. Compared to adults, mortality in children with PIMS-TS is extremely
rare despite multi-system involvement, very elevated inflammatory markers and need of intensive care support |
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|
van de Groep, S, Zanolie, et al |
PLoS One |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
The current exploratory study investigated the effect of the first weeks of COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on Dutch adolescents'
(N = 53 with attrition, N = 36 without attrition) mood, empathy, and prosocial behavior. Longitudinal analyses comparing pre-pandemic measures to a three-week peri-pandemic daily diary study showed (i) decreases in empathic concern, opportunities for prosocial
actions, and tension, (ii) stable levels of social value orientation, altruism, and dire prosociality, and (iii) increased levels of perspective-taking and vigor during the first weeks of lockdown. Second, this study investigated peri-pandemic effects of familiarity,
need, and deservedness on giving behavior. Adolescents showed higher levels of giving to a friend (a familiar other, about 51% of the total share), a doctor in a hospital (deserving target, 78%), and individuals with COVID-19 or a poor immune system (targets
in need, 69 and 63%, respectively) compared to an unfamiliar peer (39%) This suggests that during the pandemic need and deservedness had a greater influence on adolescent giving than familiarity. Overall, this study demonstrates detrimental effects of the
first weeks of lockdown on adolescents' empathic concern and opportunities for prosocial actions, which are important predictors of healthy socio-emotional development. |
|
|
Vásquez-Hoyos, P, Diaz-Rubio, et al |
Arch Dis Child |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
This study investigated the incidence of other critical viral lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in children
during the COVID-19 pandemic. Analysed admission data for LRTIs from 22 paediatric intensive care units (PICUs) in four countries. Between January and August, there were 83% fewer PICU admissions for LRTIs in 2020 compared to the 2018/2019 average over the
same period. Similar decreases were noted for PICU admissions due to respiratory syncytial virus and influenza (92% and 78%, respectively). Observed a reduction in PICU admissions due to viral LRTIs over winter, during the COVID-19 pandemic in South America. |
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Pupillometry in critically ill patients with COVID-19: a prospective study |
Vrettou, CS, Korompoki, et al |
Clin Auton Res |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
It is therefore plausible to expect that patients with COVID-19 have increased pupil size and decreased pupillary response
to light compared to other patients with respiratory failure. To investigate this hypothesis we measured the various parameters of the PLR of critically ill patients with COVID-19 and compared these parameters with those of patients with respiratory failure
of different etiology. The study took place between 20 February and 27 April 27, in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Department of Evangelismos General Hospital, Athens, Greece. In conclusion, PLR measurements were not significantly different between ICU patients
treated for COVID-19 and patients with respiratory failure of different cause. |
|
Wang, M, Yan, et al |
Hepatol Int |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
This study was designed to evaluate the clinical characteristics and risk factors of COVID-19-associated liver injury.
Among 657 patients, 303 (46.1%) patients had liver injury with higher rate in severe/critically ill patients [148/257 (57.6%)] than those in moderate cases [155/400 (38.8%)]. The potential risk factors of liver injury include male, hsCRP and NLR score. A close
monitor of liver function should be warned in COVID-19 patients, especially in severe/critical individuals. |
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Wang, Q, Xu, et al |
World Psychiatry |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
This study assessed the impact of a recent (within past year) diagnosis of a mental disorder - including attention-deficit/hyperactivity
disorder (ADHD), bipolar disorder, depression and schizophrenia - on the risk for COVID-19 infection and related mortality and hospitalization rates. We analyzed a nation-wide database of electronic health records of 61 million adult patients from 360 hospitals
and 317,000 providers, across 50 states in the US, up to July 29, 2020. Patients with a recent diagnosis of a mental disorder had a significantly increased risk for COVID-19 infection, an effect strongest for depression (adjusted odds ratio, AOR=7.64, 95%
CI: 7.45-7.83, p<0.001) and schizophrenia (AOR=7.34, 95% CI: 6.65-8.10, p<0.001). Among patients with a recent diagnosis of a mental disorder, African Americans had higher odds of COVID-19 infection than Caucasians, with the strongest ethnic disparity for
depression (AOR=3.78, 95% CI: 3.58-3.98, p<0.001). Women with mental disorders had higher odds of COVID-19 infection than males, with the strongest gender disparity for ADHD (AOR=2.03, 95% CI: 1.73-2.39, p<0.001). Patients with both a recent diagnosis of a
mental disorder and COVID-19 infection had a death rate of 8.5% (vs. 4.7% among COVID-19 patients with no mental disorder, p<0.001) and a hospitalization rate of 27.4% (vs. 18.6% among COVID-19 patients with no mental disorder, p<0.001). |
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Could the Ambient Higher Temperature Decrease the Transmissibility of COVID-19
in China? |
Wang, Qingan, Zhao, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
We explore the association between ambient temperature and transmissibility of COVID-19 in different regions across
China. The surveillance data on COVID-19 and meteorological factors were collected from 28 provincial level regions in China, and estimated the instantaneous reproductive number ( Rt). The generalized additive model was used to assess the relationship between
mean temperature and Rt. There were 12745 COVID-19 cases collected in the study areas. We report the effect of temperature on R t is not of statistical significance, which holds for most of included regions except for those in North China. |
|
Wang, Z, Ye, et al |
Biomed Res Int |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
This retrospective study determined the characteristics and prognostic factors of COVID-19 patients, focusing on inpatients
who died or were discharged between 30 December 2019 and 29 February 2020 at Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University. The incidence rates of lymphopenia, neutrophilia, and leukocytosis were significantly higher in the nonsurviving group than in the surviving group.
More patients in the nonsurviving group had increased levels of nonspecific infection markers, abnormal liver and kidney function, cardiac injury, and blood coagulation abnormalities on admission. Immune and inflammatory responses were more severely disturbed
in the nonsurviving group than in the surviving group. The incidence rates of complications during hospitalization were higher in the nonsurviving group than in the surviving group. Cox regression results also showed that older age, symptoms of dyspnea, comorbidities,
and complications were all predictors of death. Close monitoring and timely treatment are needed for high-risk COVID-19 patients. |
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COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 Seropositivity in Children of Healthcare
Workers in London |
Waterfield, Thomas, Watson, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques Healthcare Response |
Réponse des soins de santé |
The aim of this study was to report the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in healthy children of healthcare workers
in London during May 2020. Participants had nose and throat swabs tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection via RT-qPCR and blood serums samples for SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies. A total of 215 children from 126 families took part and 25(12%) were seropositive
for SARS-CoV-2. Children of clinical healthcare workers were significantly more likely to be seropositive 23/133(17%) than those of non-clinical healthcare workers 2/83(2%); p=0.001.In children of parents with confirmed COVID-19, seropositivity was 19/47(40%)
compared to 3/44(7%) in children of parents with suspected COVID-19 and 3/124(2%) in children of asymptomatic parents (p<0.001). Overall, 15/83(18%) of symptomatic children were seropositive compared to 10/132(8%) of asymptomatic children (p=0.02). The most
commonly reported symptoms were fever 7/25(28%), headache 4/25(16%) and lethargy 5/25(20%). None of the children were hospitalised with COVID-19. The secondary attack rate in children of healthcare workers with confirmed COVID-19 was 40% compared to 2% of
children in families with no reported symptoms. One in three seropositive children were asymptomatic. |
|
Case report - a cornea donor with a positive SARS-CoV-2 finding |
Wille, Diana, Heinzelmann, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Infection Prevention and Control/ Prévention et contrôle
des infections (IPAC/PCI) |
The safety of the patient is the highest priority when providing a recipient with a tissue transplant. When screening
a potential donor, the presence of infectious diseases is therefore also considered, which requires special attention in view of the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Reliable test systems for the detection of the novel virus and its determination during all phases
of infection are a prerequisite for a reliable statement on the risk of transmission of the virus through a corneal transplant. The case of a 70-year-old cornea donor with a positive SARS-CoV-2 result, which is documented here, demonstrates the difficulty
of a meaningful donor test. |
|
Winking, M, Conzen, et al |
Z Orthop Unfall |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique Economics | Économie |
This cross-sectional study included outpatient, day-patient and inpatient facilities caring for patients with spinal
disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey was designed to analyse the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the management of inpatients and outpatients with spinal disorders and to assess the economic ramifications in the various settings. All members
of the Spine Section (n = 134) were invited to participate in the questionnaire consented by BVOU and BDNC. The questions were answered anonymously, and the personal data entered did not permit any de-anonymisation. All in all, 68% (n = 91) of the respondents
completed the survey in full. Based on the type of employment (practice 30%, practice/staff: 45% and staff: 25%) and range of activities (conservative: 5%, conservative/operative: 75%, operative: 20%) the survey by the Spine Section can be regarded as representative.
95% of the practices/outpatient clinics reported a decline in their number of patients. In addition, the number of operations performed fell by 36% (SD 17%). The percentage of elective procedures declined from approximately 78% to 6%. As a result, more than
half of the physicians anticipated moderate (20 - 40%) economic challenges and 25% major (> 50%) financial problems. |
|
|
Extrafollicular B cell responses correlate with neutralizing antibodies and morbidity
in COVID-19 |
Woodruff, MC, Ramonell, et al |
Nat Immunol |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques Immunology | Immunologie |
We performed detailed characterization of B cell responses through high-dimensional flow cytometry to reveal substantial
heterogeneity in both effector and immature populations. More notably, critically ill patients displayed hallmarks of extrafollicular B cell activation and shared B cell repertoire features previously described in autoimmune settings. Extrafollicular activation
correlated strongly with large antibody-secreting cell expansion and early production of high concentrations of SARS-CoV-2-specific neutralizing antibodies. |
|
Pneumothorax in a COVID-19 Pneumonia Patient Without Underlying Risk Factors |
Yamaya, T, Baba, et al |
Intern Med |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Report a case of pneumothorax that developed a lung bulla, found on chest computed tomography during treatment for
COVID-19. |
|
Yuan, S, Wang, et al |
Nat Microbiol |
Therapeutics| Thérapeutique Animal model | Modèle animal |
In this study we test a set of metallodrugs and related compounds, and identify ranitidine bismuth citrate, a commonly
used drug for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection, as a potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 agent, both in vitro and in vivo. Ranitidine bismuth citrate exhibited low cytotoxicity and protected SARS-CoV-2-infected cells with a high selectivity index of 975.
Importantly, ranitidine bismuth citrate suppressed SARS-CoV-2 replication, leading to decreased viral loads in both upper and lower respiratory tracts, and relieved virus-associated pneumonia in a golden Syrian hamster model. In vitro studies showed that ranitidine
bismuth citrate and its related compounds exhibited inhibition towards both the ATPase (IC(50) = 0.69 µM) and DNA-unwinding (IC(50) = 0.70 µM) activities of the SARS-CoV-2 helicase via an irreversible displacement of zinc(II) ions from the enzyme by bismuth(III)
ions. Our findings highlight viral helicase as a druggable target and the clinical potential of bismuth(III) drugs or other metallodrugs for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. |
|
|
Yuen, CK, Wong, et al |
J Med Virol |
Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
In this report, we examined the antiviral effect of four well-characterized small molecule inhibitors that target the
key cellular factors involved in key steps of the autophagy pathway. Surprisingly, not all the tested autophagy inhibitors suppressed SARS-CoV-2 infection. We showed that inhibition of the class III PI3-kinase involved in the initiation step of both canonical
and non-canonical autophagy potently suppressed SARS-CoV-2 at nano-molar level. In addition, this specific kinase inhibitor VPS34-IN1, and its bioavailable analogue VVPS34-IN1, potently inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection in ex-vivo human lung tissues. |
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Zambrano, C, Oliva, et al |
G Ital Nefrol |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
We herein report the experience of the Hemodialysis Unit of Parma University Hospital (Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria,
Parma, Italy) and the Dialysis Centers of Parma territory, in the period from March 1st, 2020 to June 15, 2020. Among patients undergoing chronic haemodialysis, 37/283 (13%) had positive swabs for SARS‑CoV‑2, 9/37 (24%) died because of COVID-19. Twenty-three
patients required hospitalization, while the remaining were managed at home. The primary measures applied to contain the infection were: the strengthening of personal protective equipment use by doctors and nurses, early identification of infected subjects
by performing oro-pharyngeal swabs in every patient and in the healthcare personnel, the institution of a triage protocol when entering Dialysis Room, and finally the institution of two separate sections, managed by different doctors and dialysis nurses, to
physically separate affected from unaffected patients and to manage "grey" patients. |
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|
Zhang, Rui, Zhang, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We extracted the data on 134 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 in Wuhan Xinzhou District People's Hospital
from January 16 th to April 24 th , 2020. Cases were confirmed by real-time RT-PCR and abnormal radiologic findings. Outcomes were followed up until May 1 th , 2020. Co-infection and severe underlying diseases made it easier for a case with COVID-19 to develop
to be a severe one or reach an outcome of death. Age above 60 years old, male and symptoms such as fever, cough, chest tightness, headaches and fatigue were related to severe COVID-19 and an outcome of death. In addition, higher temperature, blood leukocyte
count, neutrophil count, C-reactive protein level, D-dimer level, alanine aminotransferase activity, aspartate aminotransferase activity, α -hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase activity, lactate dehydrogenase activity and creatine kinase activity were also related
to severe COVID-19 and an outcome of death, and so was lower lymphocyte count. Administration of gamma globulin seemed helpful for reducing the mortality of patients with severe COVID-19, however the P value was greater than 0.05 (P=0.180), which mean under
the same condition, studies of larger samples are needed in the future. |
|
|
Zimmerman, MaxwellI, Porter, et al |
bioRxiv |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
over a million citizen scientists banded together through the Folding@home distributed computing project to create
the first exascale computer and simulate an unprecedented 0.1 seconds of the viral proteome. Our simulations capture dramatic opening of the apo Spike complex, far beyond that seen experimentally, which explains and successfully predicts the existence of "cryptic"
epitopes. Different Spike homologues modulate the probabilities of open versus closed structures, balancing receptor binding and immune evasion. We also observe dramatic conformational changes across the proteome, which reveal over 50 "cryptic" pockets that
expand targeting options for the design of antivirals. |
|
|
COVID-19 Australia: Epidemiology Report 26: Fortnightly reporting period ending 27
September 2020 |
|
Commun Dis Intell (2018) |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Surveillance |
Cumulatively to 27 September there have been 27,095 case notifications and 835 deaths. The number of new cases reported
nationally this fortnight was 278, a 67% decrease from the previous fortnight (841). On average, this represented 20 cases notified each day over the reporting period, a decrease from an average of 60 cases per day over the previous reporting period. 82% of
all COVID-19 cases for the period (229/278) were reported in Victoria, with smaller numbers of cases reported from New South Wales (32), Western Australia (9), Queensland (6) and South Australia (2). In Victoria, 92% of cases (210/229) were locally acquired
with known source, 7% (15/229) were locally acquired with unknown source, and 2% (4/229) were reported as under investigation. Excluding Victoria, there were 49 cases in other jurisdictions. Of these, 69% (34/49) were overseas acquired, 18% (9/49) were locally
acquired, and 12% (10/49) were under investigation at this time. The continued decrease in new cases observed this fortnight in Victoria was the result of the public health interventions to minimise transmission. A total of 8 deaths were reported from cases
diagnosed in this reporting period, all of whom were >75 years old, and all from Victoria. Although testing rates declined over the past month, they remain high at 10.4 tests per 1,000 population per week. There is variability in the testing rate by jurisdiction;
the rate depends on the epidemic context. The overall positivity rate for the reporting period was 0.08%. Victoria reported a positivity rate of 0.18% for this reporting period, while in all other jurisdictions the positivity rate was 0.05% or lower. |
|
Sex difference in coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a systematic review and meta-analysis |
Abate, BB, Kassie, et al |
BMJ Open |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
SR-MA: PubMed, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar were searched for related information. The prevalence of symptomatic
COVID-19 was found to be higher in men than in women. The high prevalence of smoking and alcohol consumption contributed to the high prevalence of COVID-19 among men.
|
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An Assessment on Impact of COVID-19 Infection in a Gender Specific Manner |
Agrawal, H, Das, et al |
Stem Cell Rev Rep |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Challenges and possible solutions in dental practice during and post COVID-19 |
Bhumireddy, J, Mallineni, et al |
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
|
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Calò, F, Russo, et al |
Infect Dis Poverty |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
ScR: comprehensive computerized literature research from 1 January 2020 up to 22 May 2020 was made using MEDLINE, Embase,
Google Scholar and manual search. During the spread of COVID-19 outbreak, numerous published papers investigated the epidemiology, risk assessment and prevention and control of SARS-CoV-2.
|
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Griswold, Dylan, Gempeler, et al |
medRxiv |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
|
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Iwasaki, M, Saito, et al |
Inflammation |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
|
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Kullar, R, Patel, et al |
J Clin Gastroenterol |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
|
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Kumar, P, Sah, et al |
Mol Cell Biochem |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Metal Nanoparticles: a Promising Treatment for Viral and Arboviral Infections |
Maduray, K, Parboosing, et al |
Biol Trace Elem Res |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
|
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Autopsy findings in COVID-19-related deaths: a literature review |
Maiese, A, Manetti, et al |
Forensic Sci Med Pathol |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
|
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Munro, APS, Faust, et al |
Curr Opin Infect Dis |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
|
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Nelson, KE, Wright, et al |
J Palliat Med |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Current evidence of neurological features, diagnosis, and neuropathogenesis associated
with COVID-19 |
Puccioni-Sohler, M, Poton, et al |
Rev Soc Bras Med Trop |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
|
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The therapeutic effect and safety of the drugs for COVID-19: a systematic
review and meta-analysis |
Qiu, Rong, Li, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
SR-MA: Studies were determined through searching PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Medline. The results indicated
antiviral medicine was potential drug of first choice recommended for COVID-19 treatment. Chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine therapy was not recommended for COVID-19 patients. |
|
Shi, T, Arnott, et al |
J Infect Dis |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
SR-MA: earch the Medline, Embase, Global Health, LILACS, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data,
and Chongqing VIP databases (Appendix). We further searched the reference lists of relevant articles for eligible articles. All searches were limited to between January 1996 and August 2017. This review supports RSV, Flu, PIV, HMPV, AdV, RV, and CoV as important
causes of ARI in older adults and provides quantitative estimates of the absolute proportion of virus-associated ARI cases to which a viral cause can be attributed.
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Toomey, E, Conway, et al |
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
Rapid SR: World Health Organization, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, the US Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention, and Public Health England websites to identify guidance. Medline, Pubmed, Epistemonikos, Cochrane Database and preprint servers for systematic reviews. There is limited evidence on the impact of extended use and re-use of surgical
masks and respirators and gaps and inconsistencies exist in current guidance.
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Pain management programmes via video conferencing: a rapid review |
Walumbe, J, Belton, et al |
Scand J Pain |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
Rapid Review: apid review of the literature published up to April 2020 (PubMed, PsycINFO and PEDro) was performed.
This review demonstrates that there is little evidence to support or guide the use of synchronous videoconferencing to deliver pain management programmes.
|
|
Urogenital System Damaging Manifestations of Three Human Infected Coronaviruses |
Wang, Z, Wang, et al |
J Urol |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
|
|
Willows, SD, Alam, et al |
Biochem Cell Biol |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
|
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|
Adepoju, Paul |
The Lancet Microbe |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
|
|
Inflammation of papillae of Wharton's duct in COVID-19 patients: A debatable entity |
Afsal, AS, Musthafa, et al |
Spec Care Dentist |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
|
Agrawal, S, Puri, et al |
Am J Med Qual |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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COVID-19 risk assessment and safety management operational guidelines for IVF center
reopening |
Alaluf, MG, Pasqualini, et al |
J Assist Reprod Genet |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
|
Andalib, A, Sanders, et al |
Childs Nerv Syst |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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COVID-19 in Children with Nephrotic Syndrome on Anti-CD20 Chronic Immunosuppression |
Angeletti, A, Drovandi, et al |
Clin J Am Soc Nephrol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
|
[SARS-CoV-2: recommendations on nursing care for dialyzed
and transplanted patient] |
Apuzzo, L, Canzi, et al |
G Ital Nefrol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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The ten reasons why corticosteroid therapy reduces mortality in severe COVID-19 |
Arabi, YM, Chrousos, et al |
Intensive Care Med |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
|
Basso, Rossana Patricia, Poester, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Billauer, BarbaraP |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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COVID-19 induced social isolation; implications for understanding social cognition
in mental health |
Bland, AR, Roiser, et al |
Psychol Med |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
|
Blumenthal, D, Fowler, et al |
N Engl J Med |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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IFCC interim guidelines on serological testing of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 |
Bohn, MK, Loh, et al |
Clin Chem Lab Med |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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IFCC interim guidelines on molecular testing of SARS-CoV-2 infection |
Bohn, MK, Mancini, et al |
Clin Chem Lab Med |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Use of Ultraviolet Blood Irradiation Against Viral Infections |
Boretti, A, Banik, et al |
Clin Rev Allergy Immunol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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COVID-19 Pandemic: Urgent Needs to Support and Monitor Long-Term Effects of Mental
Strain on People |
Cable, N |
Am J Public Health |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
|
Campos, L, Mansinho, et al |
Acta Med Port |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Covid-19, Ebola, and HIV - Leveraging Lessons to Maximize Impact |
Celum, C, Barnabas, et al |
N Engl J Med |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
|
Cho, EY, Choi, et al |
Emerg Infect Dis |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Cortinez-O'Ryan, A, Moran, et al |
Cad Saude Publica |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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|
From HIV to COVID-19: Focusing on and Engaging Adolescents and Young Adults During
the Pandemic |
DeLong, SM, Denison, et al |
Am J Public Health |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
|
di Giacomo, E, de Girolamo, et al |
Am J Public Health |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Outcomes of Critically Ill Pregnant Women with COVID-19 in the United States |
Easter, SR, Gupta, et al |
Am J Respir Crit Care Med |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
|
El-Mohandes, A, Ratzan, et al |
Am J Public Health |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
|
|
Erlanson, DA |
Nat Commun |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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|
Falconer, Robert |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
|
|
Feedbacks from human health to household reliance on natural resources during
the COVID-19 pandemic |
Fiorella, KathrynJ, Coffin-Schmitt, et al |
The Lancet Planetary Health |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
|
Integrating philosophy, policy and practice to create a just and fair health
service |
Fritz, Z, Cox, et al |
J Med Ethics |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
|
Cost-effective Telemedicine System to combat COVID-19 in India: A proposed
Model |
Ghosh, Debanjana, Mukherjee, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
|
Gonzalez-Cebrian, M, Alonso-Fernandez-Gatta, et al |
J Cardiovasc Nurs |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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|
Gostin, LO, Moon, et al |
Am J Public Health |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
|
|
Guerriero, M, Bisoffi, et al |
BMJ Open |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
INTRODUCTION: As of 30 April 2020, the novel betacoronavirus SARS-CoV-2 had infected more than 3 172 000 individuals,
killing over 224 000 people and spreading to more than 200 countries. Italy was the most affected country in Europe and the third most affected in the world in terms of the number of cases. Therefore, the aims of this study are: (1) to estimate the prevalence
of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2-positive individuals among the general population of Verona; (2) to assess the accuracy (sensitivity, specificity and predictive values) of an ELISA serological test for the screening of SARS-CoV-2. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The study
will be carried out on a random sample of subjects aged at least 10 years from the general population of Verona. Participants will undergo the measurement of vital parameters (oxygen saturation measured by oximeter, respiratory rate and body temperature detected
by laser thermometer), the administration of a COVID-19-related symptoms questionnaire, the collection of a blood sample and a nasopharyngeal swab. Our evaluation will include the statistical technique of Latent Class Analysis, which will be the basis for
the estimation of prevalence. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The study protocol has been approved by the Ethics Committee of Verona and Rovigo provinces on 15 April 2020 (internal protocol number 2641CESC). The study results will be submitted for publication in
international, peer-reviewed journals and the complete dataset will be deposited in a public repository. Most relevant data will be made available to policy-makers as well as disseminated to stakeholders and to the community. |
|
|
Hassani, A, Khan, et al |
JMIR Public Health Surveill |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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|
Herrenkohl, TI, Scott, et al |
Child Maltreat |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
|
|
COVID-19 Trial Enrollment for Those Who Cannot Consent: Ethical Challenges Posed
by a Pandemic |
House, SA, Shubkin, et al |
Pediatrics |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
|
Covid-19: Infection rates have risen in hotspot areas despite local lockdowns, analysis
shows |
Iacobucci, G |
Bmj |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
|
Combination of CLIF-OF and CCI predicts survival in patients with cirrhosis and
COVID-19 |
Iavarone, M, D'Ambrosio, et al |
Gut |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
|
Global perspective of COVID-19 epidemiology for a full-cycle pandemic |
Ioannidis, JPA |
Eur J Clin Invest |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Proposal for Initiative of Evidence-based Treatment of COVID-19 Patients with Worsening
Hypoxia |
Kanwar, BA |
Am J Respir Crit Care Med |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
|
Psychological Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on General Population in Turkey: Risk Factors |
Kazan Kizilkurt, O, Dilbaz, et al |
Asia Pac J Public Health |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
|
Your Best Life: Sidelined During COVID-19-Coming Back to Work a Better Person
and Surgeon |
Kelly, JD |
Clin Orthop Relat Res |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
|
Kimani, RW, Maina, et al |
Hum Resour Health |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Rethinking dermatology resident education in the age of COVID-19 |
Ko, LN, Chen, et al |
Int J Dermatol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
|
Mandatory Mask Bylaws: Considerations Beyond Exemption for Persons with Disabilities |
Kohek, Jessica, Seth, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
|
Kostrzewa, AB, Slater, et al |
Am J Public Health |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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|
Landrigan, PhilipJ, Bernstein, et al |
The Lancet Planetary Health |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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|
Leddin, D, Armstrong, et al |
J Clin Gastroenterol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Leng, Y, Chen, et al |
J Med Virol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Covid-19: Group of UK and US experts argues for "focused protection" instead of lockdowns |
Lenzer, J |
Bmj |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
|
Lippi, G, Horvath, et al |
Clin Chem Lab Med |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Lomazzi, M, De Sousa, et al |
Eur J Public Health |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Cerebrospinal fluid findings in COVID-19 indicate autoimmunity |
Lucchese, Guglielmo |
The Lancet Microbe |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
|
Luo, L, Fu, et al |
Clin Cardiol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Emerging impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on sexual health in Lebanon |
Maatouk, I, Assi, et al |
Sex Transm Infect |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
|
Mahadevan, J, Shukla, et al |
Drug Alcohol Rev |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Covid-19: Anaesthesia procedures may generate fewer aerosols than presumed, study suggests |
Mahase, E |
Bmj |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
|
Mapelli, M |
ESC Heart Fail |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Comprehensive care for patients with Chagas cardiomyopathy during the coronavirus
disease pandemic |
Mazzoli-Rocha, F, Mendes, et al |
Rev Soc Bras Med Trop |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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McGuone, D, Sinard, et al |
Adv Anat Pathol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Medina-Mora, M, Cordero-Oropeza, et al |
Drug Alcohol Rev |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Mejia, A, Bhattacharya, et al |
JMIR Res Protoc |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Mian, A, Al-Asad, et al |
Fam Pract |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Moorthy, V, Bhugra, et al |
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Mortality and Attributable Fraction in COVID-19 Analysis: Avoiding Research Waste
and Negligence |
Morfeld, P, Erren, et al |
Am J Public Health |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Muhidin, S, Vizheh, et al |
J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Mullahy, John |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Risk of COVID-19 from hospital admission during the pandemic |
Nalleballe, K, Siddamreddy, et al |
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Neyra-León, J, Huancahuari-Nuñez, et al |
J Public Health Policy |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Oliva, Jennifer |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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David Oliver: Don't let covid-19 drive a wedge between acute and primary care |
Oliver, D |
Bmj |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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The Ramifications of the COVID-19 Pandemic for Future Public Health Capabilities |
Omary, A |
Am J Public Health |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Oyebode, O, Ramsay, et al |
J Epidemiol Community Health |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Lessons We've Learned - Covid-19 and the Undocumented Latinx Community |
Page, KR, Flores-Miller, et al |
N Engl J Med |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Parker, M, MacGregor, et al |
Med Anthropol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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A timely piece that resonates with the South African experience: Commentary on Stockwell
et al |
Parry, CDH |
Drug Alcohol Rev |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Pezzuto, A, Tammaro, et al |
J Med Virol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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The COVID-19 Pandemic as a Catalyst for More Integrated Maternity Care |
Profit, J, Edmonds, et al |
Am J Public Health |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Puaschunder, JuliaM |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Rocchetti, NS, Colautti, et al |
Rev Esp Salud Publica |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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The Stress of Bayesian Medicine - Uncomfortable Uncertainty in the Face of Covid-19 |
Rosenquist, JN |
N Engl J Med |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Rubin, EJ, Baden, et al |
N Engl J Med |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Optimizing the role of ambulatory chemotherapy in response to the Covid-19 pandemic |
Sabbagh Dit Hawasli, R, Nabhani-Gebara, et al |
J Oncol Pharm Pract |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Sáiz, PA, de la Fuente-Tomas, et al |
J Clin Psychiatry |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Salerno, JP, Devadas, et al |
Public Health Rep |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Interpersonal and Structural Violence in the Wake of COVID-19 |
Samra, S, Schneberk, et al |
Am J Public Health |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Selck, TorstenJ, Amintavakoli, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Don't dumb it down: The effects of jargon in COVID-19 crisis communication |
Shulman, HC, Bullock, et al |
PLoS One |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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COVID-19-Associated Acute Kidney Injury: An Evolving Picture |
Siew, ED, Birkelo, et al |
Clin J Am Soc Nephrol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Removing barriers and disparities in health: lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic |
Sirotich, E, Hausmann, et al |
Nat Rev Rheumatol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Somashekhar, SP, Acharya, et al |
Surg Innov |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Spuur, KM |
J Med Radiat Sci |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Travel restrictions and evidence-based decision making for novel epidemics |
Stanhope, J, Weinstein, et al |
Med J Aust |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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What the HIV Pandemic Experience can Teach the U.S. about the COVID-19 Response |
Strathdee, SA, Martin, et al |
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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The Lancet, Diabetes, amp, et al |
The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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The Lancet, Microbe |
The Lancet Microbe |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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IFCC interim guidelines on biochemical/hematological monitoring of COVID-19 patients |
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Clin Chem Lab Med |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Clin Spine Surg |
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Am J Public Health |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Bmj |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) |
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Immun Inflamm Dis |
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Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Infect Dis Poverty |
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Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Appendix: Process and definitions.
A daily search for new publications is conducted in PubMed, Scopus,
BioRxiv and MedRxiv, SSRN,
Research Square,
arXiv for all publications related to COVID-19 disease or SARS-CoV-2 using the search terms (COVID-19 OR SARS-CoV-2
OR "novel CoV" OR "novel coronavirus" OR nCoV) adapted to each database. The capture is cross-referenced with publication announcements on the COVID-19 dashboards set up by a number of publishers and google. Publishers include
Lancet,
Elsevier,
The New England Journal of Medicine,
BMJ, Wiley,
Springer Nature, ChinaCDCweekly.
Additionally the database is cross-referenced with other literature scans and activities by collaborators. Members of the Emerging Sciences group examine and shorten the abstract or develop 1 -2 point summaries of each publication. Please email Lisa
Waddell for additional information: Lisa.Waddell@canada.ca.
References are compiled in a reworks database that has citations since the beginning of the outbreak. All references can be accessed at this
link and by the categories listed below. The daily scan has also been compiled in an excel sheet and copies can be provided upon request or
accessed
here.
Category Definitions:
Modelling/ prediction: Predictive modeling is a process that uses data mining and probability to forecast outcomes. Each model is made up of a number of predictors, which are variables that are likely
to influence future results.
Epidemiology: the branch of medicine which deals with the incidence, distribution, and possible control of diseases and other factors relating to health. Includes Ro,
attack rates, case number doubling time, case fatality rate, serial interval, clinical attack rate, asymptomatic fraction, proportion of asymptomatic and infective*
Transmission: The passage of a pathogen causing communicable disease from an infected host to an uninfected host via direct or indirect routes.
Clinical data of cases: Includes clinical parameters such as incubation period, latent period, period of communicability, duration of illness, duration of hospitalization, host risk factors, as well
as clinical profiles of patients; presenting symptoms, symptoms over course of illness, sequelae, comorbidities.*
Surveillance: Public health surveillance is the continuous, systematic collection, analysis and interpretation of health-related data. Surveillance data will likely be number of cases suspected/confirmed,
number of deaths, number recovered. *
Coronavirology: All research relating to the virus; its characteristics, genetic make-up, phylogenetic analyses
Diagnostics / Pathogen detection:
All studies on identification of the virus; culture, PCR, antibody/antigen tests etc.
Therapeutics: Studies of substances that may be used to treat infected hosts including passive immunization products.
Vaccine Research: Studies of vaccine candidates to prevent infection with 2019-nCoV including clinical trials.
Public Health Priorities: These citations will focus on what the current research priorities are and/or where knowledge gaps exist.
Public Health interventions*:
Any study evaluating how effective a public health intervention is or maybe (in the case of a predictive model).
Public Health response:
These papers are typically overviews of past and current activities, they often also identify knowledge gaps and suggest future activities or objectives.
Infection Prevention and Control/
Prévention et contrôle des infections (IPAC/PCI): Any research on the effectiveness of IPC interventions should also be tagged as IPC
Health care Response: This foci would include a description of activities to deal with 2019-nCoV cases including, but not limited to: set up of a special emergency multi-disciplinary intensive care team; Bed and medical equipment
preparation/ stock piling supplies; Education and training of staff; Early case recognition and classification of disease severity.
Economics: papers discussing/ forecasting the economics of COVID-19 pandemic.
Immunology: the study of the immune system and includes serology studies in conjunction with other foci (e.g. epidemiology or diagnostics)
Animal Model:
An animal model is a living, non-human, often genetic-engineered animal used during the research and investigation of human disease, for the purpose of better understanding the disease
process without the added risk of harming an actual human.
Zoonotic:
all literature discussing the transmission to and from or occurrence of naturally acquired SARS-COV-2 infection in animals.
Review Literature: All articles that summarize the published literature can be tagged as a review. This includes systematic review, meta-analysis, scoping review, overviews, umbrella reviews*
Commentary/Editorial: For commentaries, editorials, letters to the editor, other types of opinion pieces where there is no new data collected by the author or analysis conducted by the author, please tag these within the commentary
category.
News articles that have not scientific information.
*Lists are not exhaustive
Annexe: Processus et définitions.
Une recherche quotidienne des nouvelles publications est effectuée dans PubMed, Scopus,
BioRxiv and MedRxiv,
SSRN,
Research Square,
arXiv
pour toutes les publications relatives à la maladie COVID-19 ou au SRAS-CoV-2 en utilisant les termes de recherche (COVID-19 OU SARS-CoV-2 OU « novel CoV » OU « novel coronavirus » OU nCoV). La saisie renvoie à des annonces de publication
sur les tableaux de bord du nCoV mis en place par un certain nombre d'éditeurs et par Google. Parmi les éditeurs figurent
Lancet,
Elsevier,
The New England Journal of Medicine,
BMJ,
Wiley,
Springer Nature,
ChinaCDCweekly. En outre, la base de données renvoie à d'autres survols de publications, et à des activités des collaborateurs.
Les membres du groupe scientifique émergent préparent des résumés en 1 ou 2 points de chaque publication. Pour en savoir plus, veuillez envoyer un courriel à Lisa Waddell au :
Lisa.Waddell@canada.ca.
Les références sont compilées dans une base de données Refworks qui contient des citations depuis le début de l'épidémie. Toutes les références sont accessibles à partir de ce
lien et par les catégories énumérées ci-dessous. L'analyse quotidienne a également été compilée
dans une feuille Excel et des copies peuvent être fournies sur demande ou consultées
ici.
Définitions des catégories :
Modélisation / prédiction : La modélisation prédictive est un processus qui utilise l'exploration de données et la probabilité pour prévoir les résultats.
Chaque modèle est composé de plusieurs prédicteurs, qui sont des variables susceptibles d'influencer les résultats futurs.
Épidémiologie :
Branche de la médecine qui traite de l'incidence, de la répartition et du contrôle éventuel des maladies et d'autres facteurs liés à la santé. Comprend le taux de reproduction de base (Ro), les taux d'attaque,
le temps de doublement du nombre de cas, le taux de létalité, l'intervalle sériel, le taux d'attaque clinique, la fraction asymptomatique, la proportion de cas asymptomatiques et infectieux*.
Transmission :
Passage d'un agent pathogène causant une maladie transmissible d'un hôte infecté à un hôte non infecté par des voies directes ou indirectes.
Données cliniques
des cas : Comprend les paramètres cliniques tels que la période d'incubation, la période de latence, la période de contagiosité, la durée de la maladie, la durée de l'hospitalisation, les facteurs de risque de l'hôte, ainsi que
les profils cliniques des patients; les symptômes présentés, les symptômes au cours de la maladie, les séquelles, les comorbidités.*
Surveillance : La surveillance de la santé publique est la collecte, l'analyse et l'interprétation continues et systématiques de données relatives à la santé.
Les données de surveillance concerneront probablement le nombre de cas suspects / confirmés, le nombre de décès, le nombre de personnes guéries. *
Coronavirologie : Toutes les recherches relatives au virus, ses caractéristiques, sa constitution génétique et les analyses phylogénétiques.
Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes : Toutes les études sur l'identification du virus : culture, PCR, tests de dépistage d'anticorps ou d’antigènes,
etc.
Thérapeutique :
Étude des substances pouvant être utilisées pour traiter les hôtes infectés, y compris les produits d'immunisation passive.
Recherche sur les vaccins : Études des candidats à la vaccination pour prévenir l'infection par le 2019-nCoV, y compris des essais cliniques.
Priorités de santé publique :
Ces citations porteront sur les priorités actuelles de recherche et/ou sur les lacunes dans les connaissances.
Interventions de santé publique* :
Toute étude évaluant l'efficacité (réelle ou possible) d'une intervention de santé publique (dans le cas d'un modèle prédictif).
Réponse de la santé publique :
Ces articles sont généralement des aperçus des activités passées et actuelles, qui identifient souvent les lacunes dans les connaissances et suggèrent des activités ou des objectifs futurs.
Prévention et contrôle des infections/Infection Prevention and Control (PCI/IPAC) :
Les recherches sur l'efficacité des interventions en PCI doivent également être marquées comme PCI.
Réponse des soins de santé :
Ce point comprendrait une description des activités pour traiter les cas de 2019-nCoV, notamment : mise en place d'une équipe multidisciplinaire spéciale de soins intensifs d'urgence; préparation des lits et des équipements médicaux
/ stockage des fournitures; sensibilisation et formation du personnel; reconnaissance précoce des cas et classification de la gravité de la maladie.
Immunologie : l'étude du système immunitaire et comprend des études sérologiques en conjonction avec d'autres foyers (p. ex. épidémiologie ou diagnostic)
Modèle
animal:
Un modèle animal est un animal vivant, non humain, souvent génétiquement modifié, utilisé lors de la recherche et de l'investigation des maladies humaines, dans
le but de mieux comprendre le processus de la maladie sans risque supplémentaire de nuire à un humain réel.
Zoonotic:
all literature discussing the transmission to and from or occurrence of naturally acquired SARS-COV-2 infection in animals.
Économie: documents discutant / prévoyant l'économie de la pandémie de COVID-19
Revue de la documentation :
Tous les articles qui résument les documents publiés peuvent être marqués comme une revue. Cela comprend les revues systématiques, les méta-analyses, les études de la portée, les aperçus, les examens généraux*.
Commentaires/Éditorial : Pour les commentaires, éditoriaux, lettres à la rédaction, autres types d'articles d'opinion pour lesquels aucune nouvelle donnée n'est collectée ou aucune
analyse n'est effectuée par l'auteur, veuillez les marquer dans la catégorie des commentaires.
journaux Articles de presse qui n'ont pas d'informations scientifiques.
* Les listes ne sont pas exhaustives