Subject: Daily Scan of COVID-19 Scientific Publications / survol journalier des publications scientifiques du COVID-19, 2020-10-08
Good afternoon,
There are 279 citations in today’s scan. 190 were considered primary research or review literature.
Highlights today include:
CANADA
·
Agarwal, et al.
determine the impact of the Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the volume, indications, and results of CT heads performed in the emergency department (ED) at Canadian tertiary academic centers in Ontario. The decreased volume of emergency
CT heads performed during the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a significant increase in the proportion of cases with acute findings. This could be a result of the pandemic’s influence on the health-seeking behavior of patients as well as the decision-making
process of ordering clinicians
·
Majdoubi et al.
quantified the antibody reactivity to SARS-CoV-2 in adults from Vancouver. A substantial proportion of individuals in this population (up to 82.4%) showed antibody reactivity against SARS-CoV-2 antigens despite low serological evidence of SARS-CoV-2
exposure (adjusted seroprevalence = 0.6%). This reactivity was evenly distributed as a function of age, sex or between pediatric and adult healthcare workers, and partly correlated with reactivity to circulating coronaviruses.
PUBLIC HEALTH INTERVENTION
·
Matsinos E., analysed the time between departure of travellers
from the place where the infection occurs and the time instant when COVID-19 infections may currently be detected. The analysis suggests that a maximal 5 % risk
(of new infections originating from subjects who become infective after their quarantine is lifted) may be associated with a minimal quarantine duration of about eight days, 1 % with
about twelve, and 0.1 % with
about sixteen
EPIDEMIOLOGY
·
Calcagno et al.
measured SARS-CoV-2 spike protein subunits S1/S2 antibodies using capillary electrophoresis and a chemiluminescence immunoassay for 5,444 active healthcare workers in Italy. Seroprevalence was 6.9% and higher among participants having contact with patients.
Seroconversion was not observed in 37/213 previously infected participants.
·
Lahens et al.,
study the use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system RAAS blockers and mortality among hospitalized COVID-19 patients (n=347). Adjusted OR between chronic exposure and mortality was 0.62 (95% CI 0.25–1.48) and 0.25 (0.09–0.65) for mortality and in-hospital
exposure. The findings suggest ‘healthy-user-sick-stopper’ bias to influence RAAS use in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
·
Shahzada, et al.
analyzed the relationship between meteorological parameters and COVID-19 in three major cities of Pakistan. Both indices show a significant positive correlation (at 5% significance level) to R0, Td and Gr of COVID-19 patients. Our results showed that
the minimum threshold temperature of 33°C for HI (with a positive variation of 3 to 5°C) put a significant impact on new cases.
·
Dubina et al
study the effects of pre-exposure prophylaxis associated with lower risk of SARs-CoV-2 infection in health care workers.
SARS-CoV-2 was detected in 2 aerosolized combination medications users (2%, 95% CI: 0.3% to 7.1%), which was significantly less than the incidence in 24 nonusers (9%, 95% CI: 5.8% to 13.0%; P = 0.02). These findings might be used either to prevent
SARS-CoV-2 infection, or to support ongoing and new research into more effective treatments for Covid-19.
CLINICAL DATA
·
Rashidian et al
report a case study of the death of a neonate born to a 32-year-old mother with coronavirus disease 2019 in Ilam, Iran. A chest X-ray (CXR) marked abnormality 2 hours after birth demonstrating the presence of COVID-19.
·
Schwartz et al.,
(preprint) found that of the 35 patients sampled, 2 (5.7%) had a positive vaginal RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2. The likelihood of vaginal colonization should be taken into consideration at the time of delivery in patients with active SARS-CoV-2 infection.
ANIMAL MODEL
·
Bhattacharya et al., investigated the nature and strength of interaction between ACE2 of nine pet animals and the receptor binding domain (RBD) of spike protein
of SARS-CoV-2. Oryctolagus (rabbits) and Canis
(dogs) had significantly higher binding affinity. They conclude a faster transmission and spread of SARS-CoV-2 among pet animals is not expected to occur
DIAGNOSTICS
·
Sawano et al
study diagnosis of COVID-19 by RT-PCR using exhale breath condensate samples. To date they have collected eight samples from seven subjects. Among them, two samples from two subjects tested positive for SARS-COV-2 RNA by the RT-PCR.
·
Cleary et al
use viral load and epidemic dynamics to optimize pooled testing in resource constrained settings. They
show that prevalence can be accurately estimated across four orders of magnitude using only a few dozen pooled tests without the need for individual identification. They exhaustively evaluate the ability of different pooling designs to maximize
the number of detected infections under various resource constraints, finding that simple pooling can identify up to 20 times as many positives compared to individual testing with a given budget.
VACCINE RESEARCH
·
Pu et al.
report results from a phase I randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. 192 healthy adults aged 18-59 years achieved 80% or greater seroconversion by 28 days. 44 adverse reactions were reported; most commonly
mild pain or redness at injection site or slight fatigue.
THERAPEUTICS
·
Rao et al
study decoy nanoparticles, which stably express SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2, and human monocytes, which display abundant cytokine receptors. By competing with host cells, these nanodecoys efficiently adsorb viruses and inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6
and GM-CSF. These two functionalities allow effective intervention of viral infection and its associated immune disorder, presenting a promising therapeutic strategy for COVID-19.
·
Zheng et al
found no adverse events were observed during and after Convalescent plasma (CP) transfusion. Following CP transfusion, six out of eight patients showed improved oxygen support status; chest CT indicated varying degrees of absorption of pulmonary
lesions in six patients within 8 days; the viral load was decreased to a negative level in five patients who had the previous viremia; other laboratory parameters also tended to improve, including increased lymphocyte counts, decreased C-reactive protein,
procalcitonin, and indicators for liver function. The clinical efficacy might be associated with CP transfusion time, transfused dose, and the NAb levels of CP.
·
Halfon et al
investigated the antiviral activity and associated mechanism of GNS561, a small basic lipophilic molecule inhibitor of late-stage autophagy, against SARS-CoV-2. Our data indicated that GNS561 showed the highest antiviral effect for two
SARS-CoV-2 strains compared to CQ and remdesivir. The study revealed that the combination of GNS561 and remdesivir was associated with a strong synergistic antiviral effect against SARS-CoV-2 and supports the hypothesis that autophagy inhibitors could be an
alternative strategy for SARS-CoV-2 infection
CORONAVIROLOGY
·
Flynn et al
identified 309 host proteins that bind the SARS-CoV-2 RNA during active infection. Integration of this data with viral ChIRP-MS data from three other positive-sense RNA viruses defined pan-viral and SARS-CoV-2-specific host interactions.
They revealed that the vast majority of viral RNA-binding proteins protect the host from virus-induced cell death, and identified known and novel anti-viral proteins that regulate SARS-CoV-2 pathogenicity. The RNA-centric approach demonstrated a physical connection
between SARS-CoV-2 RNA and host mitochondria, which they validated with functional and electron microscopy data, providing new insights into a more general virus-specific protein logic for mitochondrial interactions.
PUBLIC HEALTH RESPONSE
·
Raifman et al. compared suicidal ideation in 2017-2018 to suicidal ideation in 2020, using data from two,
nationally representative surveys of US adults. They conclude that suicidal ideation increased more than fourfold during the COVID-19 pandemic. Difficulty paying rent and loneliness were most associated with suicidal ideation.
·
Dong et al.
aimed to examine how factors related to vaccine characteristics, their social normative influence and convenience of vaccination can affect the public's preference for the uptake of the COVID‐19 vaccine in China. An online discrete choice experiment
(DCE) survey was administered to a sample of China's general population. Data of 1,236 participants who provided valid responses were included in the analysis. There was a strong public preference for high effectiveness of the vaccine, followed by long protective
duration, very few adverse events and being manufactured overseas. Price was the least important attribute affecting the public preference in selecting the COVID‐19 vaccine.
·
Vandrevala et al.,
present an assessment of how the UK public perceive the usefulness of testing for coronavirus and the factors that influence a person’s willingness to test for coronavirus. None of the key demographic characteristics (age, gender, education, etc.) were
significantly related to the respondents’ willingness to be tested for coronavirus. However, closely following the news media and knowledge/perceptions about coronavirus was positively related to willingness to be tested. Views on testing for coronavirus predicted
willingness to test, with the most influential factors being importance of testing by need; negative views about widespread testing and mistrust in doctor’s advice about testing.
Regards,
Lisa Waddell, Tricia Corrin, Rukshanda Ahmad, Robyn Odell, Maribeth Mitri, Julie Theriault, Dobrila Todoric, Alejandra Dubois, Austyn Baumeister, Anam Khan, Musaab Younis, Lien Mi Tien, Dima Ayache, Angela Sloan, Kaitlin Young, Chatura
Prematunge, Ainsley Otten, Irene Yong, Drew Greydanus, Shalane Ha, Alex Gilbert, Jessie Varga, Vanessa Zubach, Meenu Sharma, Kristyn Burak
Focus areas: Modelling/ prediction, Epidemiology, Transmission, Clinical data, Surveillance, Coronavirology, Diagnostics / Pathogen detection, Therapeutics,
Vaccine Research, Public health interventions, Public Health response, Public Health Priorities, IPAC, Health care response, immunology, economics, animal model, zoonoses, Review Literature, Commentary/Editorial, news
Domaines cibles: Modélisation/prédiction, Épidémiologie, Transmission, Données cliniques, Surveillance, Coronavirologie, Diagnostics
/ Détection d'agents pathogènes, Thérapeutique, Recherche sur les vaccins, Interventions de santé publique, Priorités de santé publique, PCI,
Réponse des soins de santé, immunologie, économie, modèle animal, zoonoses, Revue de littérature, Commentaire/Éditorial, journaux
|
PUBLICATIONS |
AUTHORS / AUTEURS |
SOURCE |
FOCI / DOMAINE |
SUMMARY / SOMMAIRE |
Clinical and Cardiac Characteristics of COVID-19 Mortalities in a Diverse New York City Cohort |
Abrams, MP, Wan, et al |
J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We reviewed demographics, laboratory and cardiac tests, medications, and cardiac rhythm proximate to death or initiation
of comfort care for patients hospitalized with a positive SARS‐CoV‐2 RT‐PCR in 3 New York City hospitals between March 1 and April 3, 2020 who died. Conduction, rhythm, and electrocardiographic abnormalities were common during COVID‐19 related hospitalization.
Arrhythmic death was associated with age, coronary artery disease, asthma, longer admission corrected QT interval, LBBB, ventricular ectopy, and usage of vasopressors. |
|
Impact of Heat Index and Ultraviolet Index on COVID-19 in Major Cities of Pakistan |
Adnan, S, Hanif, et al |
J Occup Environ Med |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
The present study analyzed relationship between meteorological parameters and COVID-19 in three major cities of Pakistan. Both indices show a significant
positive correlation (at 5% significance level) to R0, Td and Gr of COVID-19 patients. Our results showed that the minimum threshold temperature of 33°C for HI (with a positive variation of 3 to 5°C) put a significant impact on new cases. |
|
Assessing SARS-CoV-2 Preparedness in US Community Hospitals: A Forgotten Entity |
Advani, SD, Baker, et al |
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
We performed a cross-sectional survey of infection preventionists in 60 US community hospitals between April 22 and May 8, 2020, and found several differences
in hospital preparedness for SARS-CoV-2 with respect to personal protective equipment conservation strategies, protocols related to testing, universal masking and restarting elective procedures. |
|
Agarwal, M, Udare, et al |
Emerg Radiol |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
To determine the impact of the Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the volume, indications, and results of CT heads performed in the emergency
department (ED) at Canadian tertiary academic centers in Ontario. The decreased volume of emergency CT heads performed during the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a significant increase in the proportion of cases with acute findings. This could be a result
of the pandemic’s influence on the health-seeking behavior of patients as well as the decision-making process of ordering clinicians. |
|
|
Central Nervous System thrombotic microangiopathy in COVID-19 patients: an intriguing
hypothesis? |
Agostinis, Cristina, Napolitano, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
The purpose of this study is to describe brain imaging findings of a population of COVID-19 patients with neurological manifestations and peculiar abnormalities
on susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) sequences by retrospectively evaluating imaging data from 50 patients affected by SARS-CoV-2. MRI images showed diffuse SWI hypointense lesions mostly in occipital and temporal lobes, predominantly located at the grey-white
matter junction. Genu and splenium of corpus callosum were involved in 8 of 10 patients with SWI abnormalities. |
|
Alaarag, A, Hassan, et al |
Egypt Heart J |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We aimed to evaluate the angiographic and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients presented by ST-elevation myocardial
infarction (STEMI). Our retrospective study showed that STEMI patients with COVID-19 had elevated inflammatory markers with mean of their CRP (89.69 ± 30.42 mg/dl) and increased laboratory parameters of thrombosis with mean D-dimer (660.15 ± 360.11 ng/ml).
In 69.2% of patients, STEMI was the first clinical presentation and symptoms suggestive of COVID-19 developed during the hospital stay. |
|
|
Algaissi, A, Alfaleh, et al |
Sci Rep |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Immunology | Immunologie |
In this study, we established and used multiple indirect Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)-based serological
assays to study the antibody response in COVID-19 patients. In order to validate the assays we determined the cut off values, sensitivity and specificity of the assays using sera collected from pre-pandemic healthy controls, COVID-19 patients at different
time points after disease-onset, and seropositive sera to other human coronaviruses (CoVs). We also show that all RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 patients tested in our study developed both virus specific IgM and IgG antibodies as early as week one after disease
onset. |
|
|
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for COVID-19
induced hypoxia: Single-center study |
Alnababteh, M, Hashmi, et al |
Perfusion |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We examined COVID-19 patients who were supported for acute respiratory failure by both conventional mechanical ventilation
(MV) and ECMO at a tertiary care institution in Washington DC. ECMO is a supportive intervention for COVID-19 associated pneumonia that could be considered if the optimum mechanical ventilation is deemed ineffective. Biomarkers such as D-dimer, LDH, and troponin
could help with discerning the clinical prognosis in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. |
|
Anuk, Ali Taner, Polat, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
This study aimed to assess zinc, copper and magnesium status on pregnant women with COVID-19 comparing with healthy
controls when evaluated clinical outcomes with pregnancy trimesters for better understanding role of these three vital trace elements on pregnancy with SARS-CoV-2 infection. 200 women were included in the study and the results indicated that in the first/third
trimesters, serum zinc level was lower (p:0,004)/(p:0,02), serum copper level was higher (p:0,006)/(p:0,008), Zn/Cu ratio was decreased (p<0,0001)/(p<0,0001) and serum magnesium level was also higher (p<0,0001)/(p<0,0001) in COVID-19 group compared to control. |
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Apisarnthanarak, A, Siripraparat, et al |
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
Anxiety, fear and panic about COVID-19 may result in strong emotions and reactions.1-3 Therefore, a survey was conducted
to evaluate COVID-associated patient emotions, confidence in hospital infection prevention (IP) toward IP behaviors in outpatient departments. |
|
|
Asmar, ImadT, Al-Shami, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to assess and evaluate the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on the psychological
status for Palestinian adults (n = 739), and to establish recommendations in order to promote and maintain psychological well-being during this pandemic. Around one-third of respondents revealed having many signs of anxiety and around 42% of respondents expressed
having many depression signs. Females were significantly more likely to have many depression signs, while health care workers, those who deal directly with confirmed cases of Covid-19 and who assist in providing health care for a diagnosed Covid-19 patient
were significantly less likely to have many depression signs compared to others. Regarding the participants’ income, those with increased income were significantly more likely to have almost no signs of depression compared to others. |
|
|
Balz, Kathrin, Chen, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Immunology | Immunologie |
We sought to predict potentially cross-reactive-allergen- and SARS-CoV-2-derived MHC Class I and Class II T cell epitopes,
which can be presented by the most prevalent HLA alleles. Our results indicate a large number of MHC Class I epitope pairs including known as well as de novo predicted allergen T cell epitopes with high probability for cross-reactivity. Allergen sources,
such as Aspergillus fumigatus, Phleum pratense and Dermatophagoides species are of particular interest due to their association with multiple cross-reactive candidate peptides, independently of the applied bioinformatic approach. In contrast, peptides derived
from food allergens, as well as MHC class II epitopes did not achieve high in silico ranking and were therefore not further investigated. |
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|
Baron, Yves Muscat |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique |
The aim of the study was to observe the incidence of infection rate and case fatality ratios in the USA, comparing
States with partial bans on tobacco smoking, to States with more restrictive smoking regulation, exploring a possible link between smoke-related particulate matter and COVID-19 transmission. METHODOLOGY: Two groups of USA States, differentiated by the degree
of smoking legislative restrictions, had a number of variables compared. The incidence of COVID-19 infection, case-fatality ratio and testing frequency were obtained from the John Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Centre. The degree of smoking bans in the USA States
was obtained from the websites of the Nonsmokers Rights Foundation. RESULTS: With the available data there was no significant difference in COVID-19 testing prevalence between the partial smoking ban group and the more restrictive regulated group. The incidence
of COVID-19 infection in the States with limited bans on tobacco smoking was 2046/100,000 while the infection incidence in States with more restrictive rulings on tobacco smoking was 1660/100,000. States in the USA with high levels of tobacco smoking and limited
regulation had significantly higher rates of COVID-19 infection incidences than States with greater smoking restrictions. Population density and the age group of 75+years, showed a positive significant correlation with the case-fatality ratio. |
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Molecular prediction of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in domesticated livestock |
Bhattacharya, Rajarshi, Gupta, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Animal model | Modèle animal |
Although the disease spreads from human to human, the fundamental question concerning the spread of the disease between
domesticated animals or from animals to humans remains unanswered. The human angiotensin-converting enzymes 2 (hACE2) receptor, the recognition site for the virus, has orthologs in animals and are structurally and functionally similar to hACE2. This study
investigated the nature and strength of interaction between ACE2 of nine pet animals and the receptor binding domain (RBD) of spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. Among nine animals, ACE2 of Oryctolagus and Canis had significantly higher binding affinity. We conclude
that like humans, a faster transmission and spread of SARS-CoV-2 among pet animals is not expected to occur. |
|
Prognostic Value of Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunction As Initial Symptoms
of COVID-19 Infection |
Biadsee, Ameen, Dagan, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Olfactory and gustatory chemosensory dysfunctions are very prevalent in COVID-19 infection, our aim is to further explore
chemosensory recovery among these patients. Methods: This is a cross-sectional follow-up study, which serves as a sequel to a study by Biadsee, et al. Ninety-seven patients participated in a telephone survey designed for this study. Recovery of olfactory and
gustatory functions were defined when a score is greater or equal to that reported before the disease. Persistent hyposmia and hypogeusia were defined as lower scores reported during follow-up, compared with scores before the disease. Results: At follow-up,
72 (74.2%) patients reported normalization of gustatory function and 63 (64.9%) reported normalization of olfactory function. No patient reported nasal obstruction at follow-up. Recovery of olfactory function was positively correlated with gustatory recovery.
Twenty-three (23.7%) reported persistent xerostomia. Women who reported persistent xerostomia had higher rates of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction than those who did not. |
|
Atypical clinical presentation of COVID-19 infection in residents of a long-term
care facility |
Blain, H, Rolland, et al |
Eur Geriatr Med |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
To assess the magnitude of the infection in residents from—and staff working in—a long-term-care facility (LTCF) 7
days after the identification of one resident with confirmed COVID-19 infection and the clinical presentation of the infected residents. Two weeks after the first case, 50.9% of residents and 27.5% of the workers were tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Diarrhea,
fall, delirium, and hypothermia can be initial symptoms of COVID-19 in LTCF residents. |
|
Bolarinwa, Obasanjo Afolabi, Olagunju, et al |
medRxiv |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
This study was aimed at examining the socio-demographic predictors of adherence to prescribed recommendations and the
psychological impacts of COVID-19 pandemic lockdown among Nigerian social media users. A total of 1,131 respondents participated in the online Google-based survey. The study showed that 99% of the respondents reported following some of the prescribed recommendations;
however, only 40.4% of the respondents followed all the recommendations. More than three fifths (63.4%) of the respondents also reported that they feel stressed during the lockdown. All the selected socio-demographic characteristics were not predictors of
the outcome variables as p>0.05 except the professional background of the respondents (P<0.05). We concluded that most Nigerian social media users were complaining to the prescribed recommendations and that the younger age group, female respondents and respondents
who are more educated had a higher proportion of reporting psychological impacts of lockdown. |
|
|
Bonny, V, Janiak, et al |
Crit Care |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
This series of SARS-Cov-2-related ARDS describe an individualized multimodal approach of lung mechanics, gasses exchanges,
pulmonary regional ventilation, and hemodynamics at the early phase of the disease and suggest that low PEEP should be used as part of the ventilation strategy, rather than high PEEP. |
|
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A quantitative evaluation of
aerosol generation during tracheal intubation and extubation |
Brown, J, Gregson, et al |
Anaesthesia |
Infection Prevention and Control/ Prévention et contrôle des infections (IPAC/PCI) |
we conducted real‐time, high‐resolution environmental monitoring in ultraclean ventilation operating theatres during
tracheal intubation and extubation sequences. Aerosol monitoring showed a very low background particle count (0.4 particles.l‐1) allowing resolution of transient increases in airborne particles associated with airway management. A positive reference control
quantitated the aerosol produced in the same setting by a volitional cough (average concentration, 732 (418) particles.l‐1, n = 38). Tracheal intubation including face‐mask ventilation produced very low quantities of aerosolised particles (average concentration,
1.4 (1.4) particles.l‐1, n = 14, p < 0·0001 vs. cough). Tracheal extubation, particularly when the patient coughed, produced a detectable aerosol (21 (18) l‐1, n = 10) which was 15‐fold greater than intubation (p = 0.0004) but 35‐fold less than a volitional
cough (p < 0.0001).The study does not support the designation of elective tracheal intubation as an aerosol‐generating procedure. Extubation generates more detectable aerosol than intubation but falls below the current criterion for designation as a high risk
aerosol‐generating procedure. |
|
Burn, E, You, et al |
Nat Commun |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
This study describes the characteristics of adults hospitalised with COVID-19 and compared them with influenza patients.
Included 34,128 (US: 8362, South Korea: 7341, Spain: 18,425) COVID-19 patients. COVID-19 patients have been majority male in the US and Spain, but predominantly female in South Korea. Age profiles vary across data sources. Compared to 84,585 individuals hospitalised
with influenza in 2014-19, COVID-19 patients were more male, younger, and with fewer comorbidities and lower medication use. |
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Risk for SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Healthcare Workers, Turin, Italy |
Calcagno, A, Ghisetti, et al |
Emerg Infect Dis |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé Immunology
| Immunologie |
We measured severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike protein subunits S1/S2 antibodies by using capillary
electrophoresis and a chemiluminescence immunoassay for 5,444 active healthcare workers in Italy. Seroprevalence was 6.9% and higher among participants having contact with patients. Seroconversion was not observed in 37/213 previously infected participants. |
|
Cammalleri, V, Muscoli, et al |
J Am Heart Assoc |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
The aim of our study is to evaluate the impact of the infectious disease on ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction
(STEMI) care during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, through the analysis of recent cases of patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention. During March 2020, we observed a 63% reduction of patients with STEMI who were admitted to our catheterization
laboratory, when compared with the same period of 2019 (13 versus 35 patients). Changes in all time components of STEMI care were notably observed, particularly for longer median time in symptom‐to‐first medical contact, spoke‐to‐hub, and the cumulative symptom‐to‐wire
delay. Procedural data and in‐hospital outcomes were similar between the 2 groups, whereas the length of hospitalization was longer in patients of 2020. In this group, we also observed higher levels of cardiac biomarkers and a worse left ventricular ejection
fraction at baseline and discharge. |
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Evaluation for SARS-CoV-2 in Breast Milk From 18 Infected Women |
Chambers, C, Krogstad, et al |
Jama |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Transmission |
Between March 27 and May 6, 2020, we enrolled 18 women who had confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection (77.7% White non-Hispanic,
mean age, 34.4 years [SD, 5.2 years]). Their offspring ranged in age from newborn to 19 months. Women provided between 1 and 12 samples, with a total of 64 samples collected at varying time points before and after the positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test result.
All but 1 woman had symptomatic disease. One breast milk sample had detectable SARS-CoV-2 RNA. The positive sample was collected on the day of symptom onset; however, 1 sample taken 2 days prior to symptom onset and 2 samples collected 12 and 41 days later
tested negative for viral RNA. The breastfed infant was not tested. No replication-competent virus was detectable in any sample, including the sample that tested positive for viral RNA. |
|
Chen, Q, Toorop, et al |
BMC Public Health |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
In this study, a mass gathering event (carnival) was associated with aggravating the spread of viral respiratory infectious
diseases. Information on individual hospitalizations related to the 2017/2018 influenza epidemic were accessed from Statistics Netherlands. A similar investigation in the early outbreak of COVID-19 was also conducted using open data from the Dutch National
Institute for Public Health and the Environment. |
|
|
Cinelli, M, Quattrociocchi, et al |
Sci Rep |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
We address the diffusion of information about the COVID-19 with a massive data analysis on Twitter, Instagram, YouTube,
Reddit and Gab. We analyze engagement and interest in the COVID-19 topic and provide a differential assessment on the evolution of the discourse on a global scale for each platform and their users. Moreover, we identify information spreading from questionable
sources, finding different volumes of misinformation in each platform. However, information from both reliable and questionable sources do not present different spreading patterns. Finally, we provide platform-dependent numerical estimates of rumors' amplification. |
|
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Using viral load and epidemic dynamics to optimize
pooled testing in resource constrained settings |
Cleary, Brian, Hay, et al |
medRxiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics
/ Détection d'agents pathogènes |
We combine a mathematical model of epidemic spread and empirically derived viral kinetics for SARS-CoV-2 infections
to identify pooling designs that are robust to changes in prevalence, and to ratify losses in sensitivity against the time course of individual infections. Using this framework, we show that prevalence can be accurately estimated across four orders of magnitude
using only a few dozen pooled tests without the need for individual identification. We then exhaustively evaluate the ability of different pooling designs to maximize the number of detected infections under various resource constraints, finding that simple
pooling can identify up to 20 times as many positives compared to individual testing with a given budget. We illustrate how pooling affects sensitivity and overall detection capacity during an epidemic and on each day post infection, finding that sensitivity
loss is mainly attributed to individuals sampled at the end of infection. Crucially, we confirm that our theoretical results can be accurately translated into practice using pooled human nasopharyngeal specimens. Our results show that accounting for variation
in sampled viral loads provides a nuanced picture of how pooling affects sensitivity to detect epidemiologically relevant infections. |
|
Biochemical screening for SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitors |
Coelho, C, Gallo, et al |
PLoS One |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
We here have performed biochemical high throughput screening (HTS) with recombinantly expressed SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. A
fluorescent assay was used to identify inhibitors in a compound library containing known drugs, bioactive molecules and natural products. These screens led to the identification of 13 inhibitors with IC50 values ranging from 0.2 μM to 23 μM. The screens confirmed
several known SARS-CoV Mpro inhibitors as inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro, such as the organo-mercuric compounds thimerosal and phenylmercuric acetate. Benzophenone derivatives could also be identified among the most potent screening hits. Additionally, Evans
blue, a sulfonic acid-containing dye, could be identified as an Mpro inhibitor. |
|
Covino, M, De Matteis, et al |
Intern Med J |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
AIMS: To determine whether hypertensive patients hospitalized with Covid‐19 are at risk of worse outcomes if on treatment
with ACEIs or ARBs compared to other anti‐hypertensive medications. This is a retrospective study conducted at a single academic medical center. We compared patients on treatment with an ACEIs/ARBs (ACEIs/ARBs group) to patients receiving other anti‐hypertensive
medications (No‐ACEIs/ARBs group).The sample included 166 Covid‐19 patients. Overall, 111 patients (67%) were taking an ACEIs or ARBs. Twenty‐nine patients (17%) died during hospital stay, and 51 (31%) met the combined endpoint. After adjustment for comorbidities,
age and degree of severity at the presentation, ACEIs or ARBs treatment was an independent predictor neither of in‐hospital death nor of the combination of in‐hospital death/need for ICU. No differences were documented between treatment with ACEIs compared
to ARBs. |
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Cristiano, Antonio, Fortunati, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Method: We performed an extended panel including IgG/IgM anti-cardiolipin, IgG/IgM anti-β2-glycoprotein-1, coupled
with IgG/IgM anti-prothrombin, IgG/IgM anti-annexin-V on two COVID-19 patient groups (early and late infection time) and a negative control group. IgG CICs analysis followed to evaluate inflammatory status, through a possible complement system activation.
Results: Our results showed low positive cases percentage in IgG/IgM anti-cardiolipin and IgG/IgM anti-β2-glycoprotein-1 assays (4.54%, 6.25%, 4.55%; in early infection group, late infection group and control group, respectively); few positive cases in IgG/IgM
anti-prothrombin and IgG/IgM anti-annexin-V immunoassays; no IgG CICs positivity in any patient. |
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Daye, M, Temiz, et al |
Dermatol Ther |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
In our study, we aimed to evaluate the difficulties faced by the patients who applied to the dermatology outpatient
clinic during the pandemic period and the course of their diseases with the dermatological quality of life index. The study was carried out prospectively by including dermatology patients who will apply to the outpatient clinic in June‐July 2020. 282 patients
were evaluated in the study. DLQI was significantly lower in the group using regular emollients (p <0.001). When DLQI was compared between disease groups, it was found to be significantly different (p: 0.017). DLQI was found to worsen significantly compared
to pre‐pandemic studies. It was found that using moisturizer in this period helps to maintain the dermatological quality of life. |
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De Felice, F, D'Angelo, et al |
Radiol Med |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
The objective of the paper was to assess real-life experience in the management of head and neck cancer (HNC) patients
during the COVID-19 pandemic in radiotherapy departments and to evaluate the variability in terms of adherence to American Society of Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) and European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology (ESTRO) recommendations. MATERIALS AND METHODS:
In May 2020, an anonymous 30-question online survey, comparing acute phase of outbreak and pre-COVID-19 period, was conducted. RESULTS: Forty-eight percent of radiotherapy departments became part of oncologic hubs. First consultations reduced, and patients
were addressed to other centers in 33.8 and 18.3% of cases, respectively. Telematic consultations were used in 50% of follow-up visits and 73.9% of multidisciplinary tumor board discussions. There were no practical changes in the management of patients affected
by different primitive HNCs. Hypofractionation was not favored over conventional schedules. |
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De Larochellière, H, Champagne, et al |
Pacing Clin Electrophysiol |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
This study compared remote monitoring of implantable cardioverter defibrillators in patients whose in-person annual
visit was substituted for a remote monitoring session with patients who were already scheduled for a remote monitoring session. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional observational study of 329 consecutive patients between March 20(th) and April 24(th) 2020.
Group 1 included 131 patients whose in-person annual visit was substituted for a remote monitoring session. Group 2 included 198 patients who underwent a remote monitoring session as scheduled in their usual device follow-up. The time interval since the last
in-person visit was 13.3± 3.2 months in group 1 and 5.9± 1.7 months in group 2 (p0.99). CONCLUSION: Remote monitoring of implantable cardioverter defibrillators is useful to identify clinical events and allows physicians to treat patients appropriately during
the COVID-19 pandemic regardless of the time interval since their last in-person visit. |
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Dhar, Anjan, Newman, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
The objective of this prospective single-centre cohort study was to investigate the clinical haematological, radiological
and biochemical factors associated with outcome in COVID-19 positive patients at the Darlington Memorial Hospital (DMH) in North East England where mortality rates were higher during the peak of the pandemic. Comparison with the UK wide data highlighted a
much higher number of obese patients with a BMI >30; however, obesity was not associated with a worse clinical outcome in the DMH cohort. Multivariate survival analysis identified four independent factors associated with a worse outcome from COVID-19 infection
in the DMH cohort: high frailty score, low platelets, a worst oxygenation and an immunocompromised status. |
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Diaferio, L, Parisi, et al |
Ital J Pediatr |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
In order to evaluate the impact of paediatric COVID-19 among Italian paediatricians, we sent a 20-questions anonymous
internet-based survey to 250 Italian paediatricians with particular address to allergic symptoms and those affecting the upper airways. A total 99 participants had participated in our survey and provided responses to our electronic questionnaire. Almost all
respondents (98%) reported caring for up to a maximum of 10 infected children and the last 2% more than twenty. Among these patients, according to the 75% of responders, a maximum rate of 20% were affected by allergic rhino-conjunctivitis and in particular
in the North of Italy while in the Centre and in the South there was a higher incidence (P = 0.09). Almost the same applies for asthma, 83% of responders declared that up to a maximum of 20% of affected children were asthmatic, from 20 to 40% for the 13,5%
of responders and from 40 to 60% for the last 3,5%. |
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Public preference for COVID-19 vaccines in China: A discrete choice
experiment |
Dong, D, Xu, et al |
Health Expect |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
This study aimed to examine how factors related to vaccine characteristics, their social normative influence and convenience
of vaccination can affect the public's preference for the uptake of the COVID‐19 vaccine in China. An online discrete choice experiment (DCE) survey was administered to a sample of China's general population. Data of 1236 participants who provided valid responses
were included in the analysis. There was strong public preference for high effectiveness of the vaccine, followed by long protective duration, very few adverse events and being manufactured overseas. Price was the least important attribute affecting the public
preference in selecting the COVID‐19 vaccine. |
|
Dubina, MichaelV, Gomonova, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Infection Prevention and Control/ Prévention et contrôle
des infections (IPAC/PCI) Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
we suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection might be attenuated by directly maintaining innate pulmonary redox, metabolic
and dilation functions using well-tolerated medications that are known to serve these functions, specifically, using a low dose aerosolized combination of glutathione, inosine and potassium. From June 1 to July 10, 2020, we conducted a low-intervention open-label
single-centre study to evaluate safety and efficacy of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with the aerosolized combination medications (ACM) on SARS-CoV-2 incidence in 99 healthcare workers (HCWs) at a hospital that was designated to treat Covid-19 patients.
We also retrospectively compared SARS-CoV-2 incidence in the ACM users to that in 268 untreated HCWs at the same hospital. Eligible participants received an aerosolized combination of 21.3 mg/ml glutathione, 8.7 mg/ml inosine in 107 mM potassium solution for
14 days. The main outcome was the frequency of laboratory confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases, defined as individuals with positive genetic or immunological tests within 28 days of the study period. SARS-CoV-2 was detected in 2 ACM users (2%, 95% CI: 0.3% to 7.1%),
which was significantly less than the incidence in 24 nonusers (9%, 95% CI: 5.8% to 13.0%; P = 0.02). Our findings might be used either to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection, or to support ongoing and new research into more effective treatments for Covid-19. |
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Elghoudi, Ahmed, Aldhanhani, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We report the age-standardised prevalence of children with confirmed COVID-19 in Al Ain City, United Arab Emirates.
We describe their clinical manifestations, laboratory, radiological findings, therapies and outcomes. The age-standardised point prevalence was the highest under the age of five years and decreased progressively to 0.6 per 1,000 over the age of 14 years.
Hospital admission was required for 67% children while 33% were discharged from the emergency department. None of the children presented with acute respiratory distress syndrome, neurological symptoms, sepsis or septic shock or required invasive respiratory
support. There were no deaths. |
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No increase in COVID-19 mortality after the 2020 primary elections in the USA |
Feltham, EricM, Forastiere, et al |
arXiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
We examined the impact of voting on the spread of COVID-19 after the US primary elections held from March 17 to July
11, 2020 (1574 counties across 34 states). using a semi-mechanistic Bayesian hierarchical model at the state level. We found no evidence of a spike in COVID-19 deaths in the period immediately following the primaries. It is possible that elections can be
held safely, without necessarily contributing to spreading the epidemic. |
|
Ferrando, C, Mellado-Artigas, et al |
Crit Care |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We aimed to examine whether the combination of high-flow nasal oxygen therapy (HFNO) with awake-PP prevents the need
for intubation when compared to HFNO alone. METHODS: Prospective, multicenter, adjusted observational cohort study in consecutive COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF) receiving respiratory support with HFNO from 12 March to 9 June 2020. Patients
were classified as HFNO with or without awake-PP. RESULTS: A total of 1076 patients with COVID-19 ARF were admitted, of which 199 patients received HFNO and were analyzed. Fifty-five (27.6%) were pronated during HFNO; 60 (41%) and 22 (40%) patients from the
HFNO and HFNO + awake-PP groups were intubated. The use of awake-PP as an adjunctive therapy to HFNO did not reduce the risk of intubation. Patients treated with HFNO + awake-PP showed a trend for delay in intubation compared to HFNO alone median 1 vs 2 days,
but awake-PP did not affect 28-day mortality. |
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Targeting Polyamines Inhibits Coronavirus Infection by Reducing Cellular
Attachment and Entry |
Firpo, MR, Mastrodomenico, et al |
ACS Infect Dis |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
A basic understanding of entry and replication mechanisms of coronaviruses is necessary to rationally evaluate potential
antivirals. Here, we show that polyamines, small metabolites synthesized in human cells, facilitate coronavirus replication and the depletion of polyamines with FDA-approved molecules significantly reduces coronavirus replication. We find that diverse coronaviruses,
including endemic and epidemic coronaviruses, exhibit reduced attachment and entry into polyamine-depleted cells. We further demonstrate that several molecules targeting the polyamine biosynthetic pathway are antiviral in vitro. |
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Flynn, RyanA, Belk, et al |
bioRxiv |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
Using comprehensive identification of RNA-binding proteins by mass spectrometry (ChIRP-MS), we identified 309 host
proteins that bind the SARS-CoV-2 RNA during active infection. Integration of this data with viral ChIRP-MS data from three other positive-sense RNA viruses defined pan-viral and SARS-CoV-2-specific host interactions. Functional interrogation of these factors
with a genome-wide CRISPR screen revealed that the vast majority of viral RNA-binding proteins protect the host from virus-induced cell death, and we identified known and novel anti-viral proteins that regulate SARS-CoV-2 pathogenicity. Our RNA-centric approach
demonstrated a physical connection between SARS-CoV-2 RNA and host mitochondria, which we validated with functional and electron microscopy data, providing new insights into a more general virus-specific protein logic for mitochondrial interactions. Altogether,
these data provide a comprehensive catalogue of SARS-CoV-2 RNA-host protein interactions, which may inform future studies to understand the mechanisms of viral pathogenesis, as well as nominate host pathways that could be targeted for therapeutic benefit. |
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COVID-19 and Subjective Well-Being: Separating
the Effects of Lockdowns from the Pandemic |
Foa, Roberto, Gilbert, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
Lockdowns reduce the spread of COVID-19 but there are concerns about their effect upon mental health. We assess this
effect by examining subjective well-being during lockdown in Great Britain. The results support the hypothesis that country-specific pandemic severity, not lockdown, was the major contributor to increases in negative affect observed in other studies of COVID-19
and mental health. |
|
Fu, Jun, Chen, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
The purpose of this study was to share our experience about elective surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic and to analyze
the effectiveness and necessity of lung CT for screening COVID-19 in elective surgery patients from low risk areas. All the RT-PCR results of the 2375 patients were negative, including the patients with fever. After strict screening for symptoms, history (contact
COVID-19 patients or travelling to high-risk areas) and RT-PCR testing, lung CT image was not recommended as routine examination in patients receiving selective surgery from the low-risk areas of COVID-19. |
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Gadgil, Anita, Bhandoria, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
We aimed to assess the change in delivery of essential and emergency surgeries due to the pandemic. Methodology A research
consortium led by WHO Collaboration Centre (WHOCC) for Research in Surgical Care Delivery in Low- and Middle-Income countries (LMIC), India, conducted this retrospective cross-sectional study with 12 recruited centers. All surgeries performed during the months
of April 2020 were compared with those performed in April 2019. These surgeries were stratified into emergency and elective, and further categorized based on NHS surgery prioritization documents. Results A total of 4396 surgeries were performed at these centers
in April 2019 and 1216 surgeries were performed in same month during 2020, yielding a fall of 72.3%. We found a 54% reduction in emergency surgeries and a 91% reduction in the elective surgeries. Number of cesarean sections reduced by 29.7% and fracture surgeries
declined by 85.3% Laparotomies and surgeries for local soft tissue infections with necrotic tissue reduced by 71.7% and 69.5% respectively. |
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Galehdar, N, Kamran, et al |
BMC Psychiatry |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
this study aimed to explore nurses' experiences of psychological distress during care of patients with COVID-19. METHODS:
The present qualitative research was performed using the conventional content analysis method in Iran from March to May 2020. Participants in this study included the nurses caring for patients with COVID-19, and they were selected based on the purposeful sampling
method. RESULTS: Qualitative data analysis revealed 11 categories including death anxiety, anxiety due to the nature of the disease, anxiety caused by corpse burial, fear of infecting the family, distress about time wasting, emotional distress of delivering
bad news, fear of being contaminated, the emergence of obsessive thoughts, the bad feeling of wearing personal protective equipment, conflict between fear and conscience, and the public ignorance of preventive measures. |
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Gallo, G, Sturiale, et al |
Colorectal Dis |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques Healthcare Response |
Réponse des soins de santé |
Using a cross-sectional non-incentivized worldwide web-survey we aimed to snapshot the current status of proctological
practice in 6 world regions. METHODS: Surgeons affiliated to renowned scientific societies with an interest in coloproctology were invited to join the survey. RESULTS: Respondents (N=1,050) were mostly men (79%), with a mean age of 46.9 years, at consultant
level (79%), practicing in academic hospitals (53%), offering a dedicated proctology service (68%). A total of 119 (11%) tested COVID-19 positive. The majority (54%) came from Europe. Participants from Asia reported a higher proportion of unaltered practice
(17%), while those from Europe had the highest proportion of fully stopped practice (20%). The likelihood of ongoing surgical practice was higher in males, in those reporting readily availability of personal protective equipment (PPE) and in centers that were
partially or not at all involved in COVID-19 care. This chance decreased by 2% per year of respondents' age (P=0.001). |
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Machine learning based early warning system enables accurate mortality risk prediction
for COVID-19 |
Gao, Y, Cai, et al |
Nat Commun |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
we present a mortality risk prediction model for COVID-19 (MRPMC) that uses patients’ clinical data on admission to
stratify patients by mortality risk, which enables prediction of physiological deterioration and death up to 20 days in advance. This ensemble model is built using four machine learning methods including Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machine, Gradient
Boosted Decision Tree, and Neural Network. We validate MRPMC in an internal validation cohort and two external validation cohorts, where it achieves an AUC of 0.9621 (95% CI: 0.9464–0.9778), 0.9760 (0.9613–0.9906), and 0.9246 (0.8763–0.9729), respectively.
This model enables expeditious and accurate mortality risk stratification of patients with COVID-19, and potentially facilitates more responsive health systems that are conducive to high risk COVID-19 patients. |
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Garcia-Huidobro, D, Rivera, et al |
J Med Internet Res |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
The aim of this study is to report the system-wide accelerated implementation of telemedicine, compare patient satisfaction
between telemedicine and in-person visits, and report provider perceptions. METHODS: This study was conducted at the UC Christus Health Network, a large private academic health network in Santiago, Chile. The satisfaction of patients receiving telemedicine
care in March and April 2020 was compared to those receiving in-person care during the same period (concurrent control group) as well as in March and April 2019 (retrospective control group). RESULTS: A total of 3962 patients receiving telemedicine, 1187 patients
from the concurrent control group, and 1848 patients from the retrospective control group completed the surveys. Satisfaction was very high with both telemedicine and in-person services. Overall, 263 physicians from over 41 specialties responded to the survey.
During telemedicine visits, most providers felt their clinical skills were challenged (61.8%). Female providers felt more challenged than male providers. |
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Gascon, P, Briantais, et al |
Ocul Immunol Inflamm |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
A 53-year-old man presented with acute loss of vision, negative scotoma and dyschromatopsia in his left eye. He reported
contact with people with severe respiratory syndrome - coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) 8 days prior symptoms. Funduscopic examination revealed several retinal hemorrhages. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography showed lesions consistent with acute macular
neuroretinopathy and paracentral acute middle maculopathy. Quickly after his presentation, SARSCov-2 was confirmed by chest computed tomography-scan and RT-PCR in this patient. Thrombotic complications associated with Covid-19 infection have high incidence
and may involve the retina. We described a case of retinal involvement associated with Covid-19 infection. |
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State Actions and Shortages of Personal Protective Equipment and Staff in U.S. Nursing Homes |
Gibson, DM, Greene, et al |
J Am Geriatr Soc |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
OBJECTIVE: To examine whether state actions and nursing home characteristics are associated with shortages of PPE and
staffing. DESIGN AND SETTING: Facility-level data released July 31(st) , 2020 from the Nursing Home COVID-19 Public File was combined with data from other sources. Our sample was the 13,445 facilities with information about PPE and staffing shortages for each
of the five weeks between the week ending June 21(st) , 2020 and the week ending July 19(th) , 2020. RESULTS: Over the five-week study period, 27.6% of facilities reported one or more weeks of PPE shortage, 30.2% of facilities reported at least one week of
staffing shortage, and 46.5% of facilities lacked PPE and/or staff. Facilities located in states in the Northeastern PPE consortium or with LTC teams were modestly less likely to have had a PPE shortage and facilities located in states that implemented processes
to match job seekers with LTC facilities were marginally significantly less likely to have had a staffing shortage. |
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Tracking the introduction and spread of SARS-CoV-2
in coastal Kenya |
Githinji, George, deLaurent, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
We generated 274 SARS-CoV-2 genomes from samples collected during the early phase of the Kenyan pandemic. Phylogenetic
analysis identified 8 global lineages and at least 76 independent SARS-CoV-2 introductions into Kenyan coast. The dominant B.1 lineage (European origin) accounted for 82.1% of the cases. Lineages A, B and B.4 were detected from screened individuals at the
Kenya-Tanzania border or returning travellers but did not lead to established transmission. Though multiple lineages were introduced in coastal Kenya within three months following the initial confirmed case, none showed extensive local expansion other than
cases characterised by lineage B.1, which accounted for 45 of the 76 introductions. |
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Glasbey, JC, Bhangu, et al |
J Clin Oncol |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19–free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary
complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in
sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score–matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19–free
surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). |
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Grimaldi, D, Aissaoui, et al |
Ann Intensive Care |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
METHODS: Comparison of antiviral strategies (none, hydroxychloroquine (OHQ), lopinavir/ritonavir (L/R), others (combination
or remdesivir) in an observational multicentre cohort of patients with moderate-to-severe Covid-19 ARDS. The primary endpoint was the number of day 28 ventilator-free days (VFD). Patients who died before d28 were considered as having 0 VFD. The variable was
dichotomized into "patients still ventilated or dead at day 28" versus "patients weaned and alive at day 28". RESULTS: We analyzed 415 patients (85 treated with standard of care (SOC), 57 with L/R, 220 with OHQ, and 53 others). The median number of d28-VFD
was 0 (IQR 0-13) and differed between groups (P = 0.03), SOC patients having the highest d28-VFD. After adjustment for age, sex, Charlson Comorbidity Index, PaO(2)/FiO(2) ratio and plateau pressure and accounting for center effect with a generalized linear
mixed model, none of the antiviral strategies increased the chance of being alive and weaned from MV at day 28 compared to the SOC strategy (OR 0.48); OR 0.96 and OR 1.43 for L/R, OHQ and other treatments, respectively). Acute kidney injury during ICU stay
was frequent (55%); its incidence was higher in patients receiving lopinavir. After adjustment for age, sex, BMI, chronic hypertension and chronic renal disease, the use of L/R was associated with an increased risk of renal replacement therapy (RRT). |
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Hakmi, M, Bouricha, et al |
J Biomol Struct Dyn |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
In this paper, we used an in-silico approach to explore small-molecule α-helix mimetics as inhibitors that may disrupt
the attachment of SARS-CoV-2 to ACE2. First, the RBD-ACE2 interface in the 6M0J structure was studied by the MM-GBSA decomposition module of the HawkDock server, which led to the identification of two critical target regions in the RBD. Next, two virtual screening
experiments of 7236 α-helix mimetics from ASINEX were conducted on the above regions using the iDock tool, which resulted in 10 candidates with favorable binding affinities. Finally, the stability of RBD complexes with the top-two ranked compounds was further
validated by 100 ns of molecular dynamics simulations. |
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GNS561 exhibits potent in vitro antiviral activity
against SARS-CoV-2 through autophagy inhibition |
Halfon, Philippe, Bestion, et al |
bioRxiv |
Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
We investigated the antiviral activity and associated mechanism of GNS561, a small basic lipophilic molecule inhibitor
of late-stage autophagy, against SARS-CoV-2. Our data indicated that GNS561 showed the highest antiviral effect for two SARS-CoV-2 strains compared to chloroquine (CQ) and remdesivir. Focusing on the autophagy mechanism, we showed that GNS561, located in LAMP2-positive
lysosomes, together with SARS-CoV-2, blocked autophagy by increasing the size of LC3-II spots and the accumulation of autophagic vacuoles in the cytoplasm with the presence of multilamellar bodies characteristic of a complexed autophagy. Finally, our study
revealed that the combination of GNS561 and remdesivir was associated with a strong synergistic antiviral effect against SARS-CoV-2. |
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Hassink, Wolter, Kalb, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique Economics | Économie |
We explore the impact of COVID-19 hotspots and regional lockdowns on the Dutch labour market. We do not observe a region-specific
impact of COVID-19 on labour market outcomes. The results suggest individual characteristics are more important, including the employee’s age, type of contract and type of job. The evidence suggests that the decline of the labour market was all due to the
impacts from the government-enforced lockdown and higher virus case numbers did not reinforce this decline. This suggests that preventive health measures should be at the regional level, isolating hotspots from low-risk areas. |
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Hauguel-Moreau, M, Hajjam, et al |
J Thromb Thrombolysis |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
A dramatically increased in pulmonary embolism (PE) admissions were observed during COVID-19 pandemic. A 97.4% increase
of PE incidence was observed as compared to 2017–2019 and the proportion of hospitalizations related to PE was 3.7% versus 1.3% in 2018–2019 (p<0.0001). Patients with PE presented with two distinct features of thrombotic disease: patients with COVID-19 and
PE diagnosis at admission, who had similar characteristics with non-COVID-19 patients, and patients with COVID-19 and PE diagnosis during hospitalization, who had a significantly different presentation (higher inflammatory syndrome, more distal thrombosis
process, higher SARS-CoV-2 CT severity score). This highlights the hypothesis of a local intrapulmonary thrombosis rather than an embolism. |
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Helissey, C, Cessot, et al |
Cancer Med |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
The national PRATICOVID study aims to describe the adaptation of cancer patient care for this population. We analyzed
data from nine different institutions. The primary endpoint was to assess the prevalence of adapted patient care during the pandemic. The secondary endpoints were to describe the point of view of clinicians and patients during and after the pandemic. We analyzed
435 medical procedures between 9(th) of March and 30(th) of April. Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, 47.6% of the outpatients received modified patient care. Twenty-four percent of scheduled surgeries were postponed, or were performed without perioperative
chemotherapy, 18.4% followed a hypofractioned schedule, and 57% had an adaptive systemic protocol (stopped, oral protocol, and spacing between treatments). Seventy percent of physicians used telemedicine. During this period, 67% of the physicians did not feel
distressed taking care of their patients. However, 70% of physicians are worried about the aftermath of the lockdown, as regards future patient care. |
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Hempel, L, Piehler, et al |
Cancer Med |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
In the period between the 15 and 26 April 2020, a total of 1227 patients were tested in one of seven oncologic outpatient
clinics for SARS‐CoV‐2. Findings clearly contrast the view that patients with an oncologic disease are particularly vulnerable to SARS‐CoV‐2 and suggest that compromising therapies could be continued or started despite the ongoing pandemic. Moreover the relatively
low appearance of symptoms due to COVID‐19 among patients on chemotherapy and other immunosuppressive co‐medication like glucocorticoids indicate that suppressing the response capacity of the immune system reduces disease severity. |
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Heo, JoonNyung, Han, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
This study aimed to develop and validate a new integer-based scoring system for predicting patients with COVID-19 requiring
intensive care, using only the predictors available upon triage in South Korea. Seven variables were selected for developing an integer-based scoring system: age, sex, initial body temperature, dyspnea, hemoptysis, history of chronic kidney disease, and activities
of daily living. The area under the curve of the scoring system was 0.880. |
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Hönzke, Katja, Obermayer, et al |
Vaccine |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Several studies have suggested abundant ACE2 expression in the human lung, inferring strong permissiveness to SARS-CoV-2
infection with resultant alveolar damage and lung injury. Against this expectation, we provide evidence that ACE2 expression must be considered scarce, thereby limiting SARS-CoV-2 propagation in the human alveolus. Instead, spectral imaging of ex vivo infected
human lungs and COVID-19 autopsy samples depicted that alveolar macrophages were frequently positive for SARS-CoV-2, indicating viral phagocytosis. Collectively, our findings indicate that severe lung injury in COVID-19 likely results from an overwhelming
immune activation rather than direct viral damage of the alveolar compartment. |
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Huang, F, Liu, et al |
J Med Virol |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
The higher levels of cytokine storm may be associated with more severe COVID‐19 disease development. In this study,
we performed a systemic analysis to investigate whether the cytokines can help predict clinical severity in patients with COVID‐19. |
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Coping and Mental Health in Early Adolescence during COVID-19 |
Hussong, AndreaM, Midgette, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
The current longitudinal study examines changes in overall mental health symptomatology from before to after the COVID-19
outbreak in youth from the southeastern United States as well as the potential mitigating effects of self-efficacy, optimism, and coping. Multi-level modeling analyses showed a within-person increase in mental health symptoms from before to after the outbreak
after controlling for changes associated with maturation. Symptom increases were mitigated in youth with greater self-efficacy and (to some extent) problem-focused engaged coping, and exacerbated in youth with greater emotion-focused engaged and disengaged
coping. |
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Iaccarino, G, Grassi, et al |
PLoS One |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We designed a cross-sectional observational multicenter nationwide survey in Italy to understand gender-related clinical
predictors of ICU admission in patients with COVID-19. We analyzed information from 2378 charts of Italian patients certified for COVID-19 admitted in 26 hospitals. Our study demonstrates that gender is the primary determinant of the disease’s severity among
COVID-19. Obesity is the condition more often observed among those admitted to ICU within both genders. |
|
|
Janssen, M, Schäkel, et al |
Trials |
RCT |
Protocol : To assess the time from randomisation until an improvement within 84 days defined as two points on a seven
point ordinal scale or live discharge from the hospital in high-risk patients (group 1 to group 4) with SARS-CoV-2 infection requiring hospital admission by infusion of plasma from subjects after convalescence of SARS-CoV-2 infection or standard of care. |
|
|
Dynamic Network Strategies for SARS-CoV-2 Control
on a Cruise Ship |
Jenness, SamuelM, Willebrand, et al |
medRxiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Transmission Infection Prevention and
Control/ Prévention et contrôle des infections (IPAC/PCI) |
We developed a network-based transmission model for SARS-CoV-2 on the Diamond Princess outbreak to characterize transmission
dynamics and to estimate the epidemiological impact of outbreak control and prevention measures. This model represented the dynamic multi-layer network structure of passenger-passenger, passenger-crew, and crew-crew contacts, both before and after the large-scale
network lockdown imposed on the ship in response to the disease outbreak. Model scenarios evaluated variations in the timing of the network lockdown, reduction in contact intensity within the sub-networks, and diagnosis-based case isolation on outbreak prevention.
We found that only extreme restrictions in contact patterns during network lockdown and idealistic clinical response scenarios could avert a major COVID-19 outbreak. Contact network changes associated with adequate outbreak prevention were the restriction
of passengers to their cabins, with limited passenger-crew contacts. Clinical response strategies required for outbreak prevention included early mass screening with an ideal PCR test (100% sensitivity) and immediate case isolation upon diagnosis. |
|
Jiang, Yuqian, Zhang, et al |
bioRxiv |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
We designed and developed a simple system that can measure sub-second heat inactivation of CoV. The system is composed
of capillary stainless-steel tubing immersed in a temperature-controlled oil bath followed by an ice bath, through which virus solution can be flowed at various speeds. Flowing virus solution at different speeds, along with a real-time temperature monitoring
system, allows the virus to be accurately exposed to a desired temperature for various durations of time. Using mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), a beta-coronavirus, as a model system, we identified that 85.2 oC for 0.48 s exposure is sufficient to obtain > 5 Log10
reduction in viral titer (starting titer: 5 x 107 PFU/mL), and that when exposed to 83.4 oC for 0.95 s, the virus was completely inactivated (zero titer, > 6 Log10 reduction). |
|
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Impact of the COVID-19 Crisis on Family Dynamics in Economically Vulnerable Households |
Kalil, Ariel, Mayer, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
We surveyed 572 low income families with preschool-age children in Chicago to understand family dynamics following
the economic and social restrictions imposed by the pandemic. We separately examine the associations between economic hardship, exposure to the virus, and pandemic-induced increases in childcare time on parental mental health and stress, parent-child interaction,
and children’s adjustment. Parental job and income losses are strongly associated with parents’ depressive symptoms, stress, diminished sense of hope, and negative interactions with children. Parents’ exposure to COVID-19 is associated with less positive parent-child
interactions and more child behavior problems. |
|
Kapoor, S, Chand, et al |
J Intensive Care Med |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
The aim of our study was to investigate the cumulative incidence of thromboembolic events in Covid-19 patients needing
intensive care unit (ICU) admission and assessing the utility of point of care ultrasound (POCUS) to screen for and diagnose lower extremity deep venous thrombosis (DVT). METHODS: We conducted a prospective observational study between April 22nd and May 26th,
2020 where all adult patients with the diagnosis of Covid-19 pneumonia admitted to 8 ICUs of Montefiore Medical Center were included. POCUS exam was performed on all patients at day 1 of ICU admission and at day 7 and 14 after the first exam. RESULTS: The
primary outcome was to study the cumulative incidence of thromboembolic events in Covid-19 patients needing ICU admission. All patients got POCUS exam on day 1 in the ICU, 62% got day 7 and 41% got day 14 exam. POCUS diagnosed 17 lower extremity DVTs on day
1, 3 new on day 7 and 1 new on day 14. Forty patients developed 52 thromboembolic events, with the rate of 37.3%. We found a high 45-day cumulative incidence of thromboembolic events of 37% and a high 45-day cumulative incidence of lower and upper extremity
DVT of 21% and 10% respectively. Twelve (30%) patients had failure of therapeutic anticoagulation. Occurrence of a thromboembolic event was not associated with a higher risk of mortality (HR 1.08, p value = .81). |
|
|
Comparing Associations of State Reopening Strategies with COVID-19 Burden |
Kaufman, BG, Whitaker, et al |
J Gen Intern Med |
Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique |
Interrupted time series quasi-experimental study design applied to publicly available secondary data. On average, the
number of excess cases per 100,000 residents in states reopening without masks is ten times the number in states reopening with masks after 8 weeks (643.1 cases; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 406.9, 879.2 and 62.9 cases; CI = 12.6, 113.1, respectively). Excess
cases after 6 weeks could have been reduced by 90% from 576,371 to 63,062 and excess deaths reduced by 80% from 22,851 to 4858 had states implemented mask mandates prior to reopening. Over 50,000 excess deaths were prevented within 6 weeks in 13 states that
implemented mask mandates prior to reopening. |
|
COVIDomaly: A Deep Convolutional Autoencoder Approach for Detecting Early Cases of COVID-19 |
Khoshbakhtian, Faraz, Ashraf, et al |
arXiv |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection
d'agents pathogènes |
his pandemic has raised serious questions about the emergency preparedness of health agencies, not only in terms of
treatment of an unseen disease, but also in identifying its early symptoms. In the particular case of COVID-19, several studies have indicated that chest radiography images of the infected patients show characteristic abnormalities. However, at the onset of
a given pandemic, such as COVID-19, there may not be sufficient data for the affected cases to train models for their robust detection. Hence, supervised classification is ill-posed for this problem because the time spent in collecting large amounts of infected
peoples' data could lead to the loss of human lives and delays in preventive interventions. Therefore, we formulate this problem within a one-class classification framework, in which the data for healthy patients is abundantly available, whereas no training
data is present for the class of interest (COVID-19 in our case). To solve this problem, we present COVIDomaly, a convolutional autoencoder framework to detect unseen COVID-19 cases from the chest radiographs. We tested two settings on a publicly available
dataset (COVIDx) by training the model on chest X-rays from (i) only healthy adults, and (ii) healthy and other non-COVID-19 pneumonia, and detected COVID-19 as an anomaly. After performing 3-fold cross validation, we obtain a pooled ROC-AUC of 0.7652 and
0.6902 in the two settings respectively. These results are very encouraging and pave the way towards research for ensuring emergency preparedness in future pandemics, especially the ones that could be detected from chest X-rays. |
|
Kliche, Johanna, Ali, et al |
bioRxiv |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
This study confirmed the functionality of predicted binding motifs in the cytoplasmic tails of ACE2 and integrin beta3
that may assist in receptor-mediated endocytosis of SARS-CoV-2 in the lungs. |
|
|
Koenen, Melissa, Balvert, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
This study addressed the validity of various assumptions using an epidemiological simulation model. We showed that
multiple scenarios all lead to realistic numbers of deaths and ICU admissions, two observable and verifiable metrics, but gave different estimates for the number of infected and immune individuals. Until further research on virus and disease progression in
done, epidemiological modeling studies cannot give conclusive results and should come with careful analysis of several scenarios on virus- and disease characteristics. |
|
|
Prolonged incubation of SARS-CoV-2 in a Patient on Rituximab Therapy |
Koff, A, Laurent-Rolle, et al |
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Report a patient with hypogammaglobulinemia who developed SARS-CoV-2 infection with a confirmed incubation period of
at least 21 days. |
|
Laferl, H, Kelani, et al |
Infection |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
Based on the rationale convalescent HCWs may shed SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA for prolonged periods and study results, authors
recommend lifting HCW worker COVID-19 isolation if the RT-PCR Ct-value of a naso or oropharyngeal swab is over 30 . |
|
|
Lahens, A, Mullaert, et al |
J Hypertens |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Examine renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) blocker prescription before and during hospital stay in patients
with COVID-19, and the corresponding outcomes. Adjusted odds ratios for association between exposure and mortality were 0.62 (95% CI 0.25–1.48) based on chronic exposure and 0.25 (CI 0.09–0.65) based on in-hospital exposure. A ‘healthy user-sick stopper’ bias
influences RAAS blocker prescription after hospital admission for COVID-19, and explains the seemingly favorable outcome associated with in-hospital treatment. |
|
|
Lamberti, Nicola, Straudi, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
We studied the outcomes of peripheral artery disease (PAD) patients enrolled in a structured in-home walking program
before the lockdown due to the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic emergency, to determine whether this intervention ensured the maintenance of mobility in the case of strict movement restrictions. Results indicate that the structured exercise program was easily performed
in a home corridor with phone assistance and was adhered to by patients and showed effectiveness in maintaining mobility and risk factor control during the COVID-19 pandemic. |
|
|
Lassau, Nathalie, Ammari, et al |
medRxiv |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection
d'agents pathogènes |
We collected 58 clinical and biological variables, chest CT scan data (506,341 images), and radiology reports from
1,003 coronavirus-infected patients from two French hospitals. We trained a deep learning model based on CT scans to predict severity; this model was more discriminative than a radiologist quantification of disease extent. We showed that neural network analysis
of CT-scan brings unique prognosis information, although it is correlated with other markers of severity (oxygenation, LDH, and CRP). To provide a multimodal severity score, we developed AI-severity that includes 5 clinical and biological variables (age, sex,
oxygenation, urea, platelet) as well as the CT deep learning model. When comparing AI-severity with 11 existing scores for severity, we find significantly improved prognosis performance; AI-severity can therefore rapidly become a reference scoring approach. |
|
|
Lazarus, JV, Ratzan, et al |
PLoS One |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
Population-level characteristics, such as country socio-economic development, COVID-19 morbidity and mortality, and
degree of democratic government, may influence perception of government responses for improved public cooperation. We examined whether the results varied by gender, age group, education level, and monthly income. We also examined the internal and external
validity of the index using appropriate predefined variables. Based on responses from 13,426 people randomly selected from the general population in 19 countries, the mean national scores ranged from 35.76 (Ecuador) to 80.48 (China) out of a maximum of 100
points. National scores correlated with respondents' reported levels of trust in government and with country-level COVID-19 mortality rates. |
|
|
Lim, LW, Tan, et al |
Ocul Immunol Inflamm |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Report bilateral follicular conjunctivitis in two confirmed Coronavirus (COVID-19) patients with the presence of Severe
Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in conjunctival swab specimens. |
|
|
Dynamics based on analysis of public data for spreading of disease |
Lima, LeonardoS |
Research Square prepub |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
The stochastic model for epidemic spreading of the novel coronavirus disease based on the data set supported by the
public health agencies in countries as Brazil, EUA and India is investigated. We performed the numerical analysis using the stochastic differential equation for estimating of the novel cases diary as well as analytical calculations solving the correspondent
partial equation for the distribution of novel cases |
|
Liu, J, Tao, et al |
Aging (Albany NY) |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques Diagnostics / Pathogen
detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes |
Established a simple and practical tool/ nomogram for early identification of potentially high-risk individuals among
elderly COVID-19 patients. Age, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, body temperature, fatigue, shortness of breath, and lymphocyte percentage, were model selected variables included in the nomogram to effectively predict critical illness |
|
|
Lopes, Giselle Ibette Silva Lopez, Carmona, et al |
medRxiv |
Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes |
We evaluated pooled samples from both reconstituted (frozen material from tested samples) and a prospective collection
of asymptomatic volunteers. A total of 240 samples from 130 new collections and 37 samples with known result were evaluated. Pool CT was generally higher than individual samples. We determined that clinical sample pooling to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA is feasible
and an economical way to test for COVID-19, especially in surveillance strategies targeting more infectiousness, higher viremia individuals. |
|
|
Contact tracing and isolation reduces Covid-19 incidence
in a structured agent-based model |
Low, MarcusO, Geffen, et al |
medRxiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Public health interventions*| Interventions
de santé publique |
The World Health Organization has identified contact tracing and isolation (CTI) as a key strategy to slow transmission
of SARS-CoV-2. Structured agent-based models (ABMs) provide a means to investigate the efficacy of such strategies in heterogeneous populations and to explore the impact of factors such as changes in test turnaround times (TaT). In a structured ABM that simulates
key dynamics of Covid-19 transmission and disease progression, CTI results in a substantial reduction in the mean number of total infections. The benefit is greater with shorter TaT times, but remained substantial even with TaTs of eight days. The results
suggest that CTI may play a critical role in reducing the size of outbreaks and that TaTs should be kept as short as possible in order to maximise this benefit. |
|
Lutomski, CorinneA, El-Baba, et al |
bioRxiv |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
Here, we investigate the assembly state and RNA binding properties of the full-length SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein
using native mass spectrometry. We find that dimers, and not monomers, of full-length N protein bind RNA, implying that dimers are the functional unit of ribonucleoprotein assembly. In addition, we find that N protein binds RNA with a preference for GGG motifs
which are known to form short stem loop structures. Unexpectedly, we found that N undergoes autoproteolytic processing within the linker region, separating the two major domains. This process results in the formation of at least five proteoforms that we sequenced
using electron transfer dissociation, higher-energy collision induced dissociation and corroborated by peptide mapping. The cleavage sites identified are in highly conserved regions leading us to consider the potential roles of the resulting proteoforms. We
propose that the proteoforms evade antibody detection through removal of the antigenic C-terminus and facilitate interactions with structured RNA or cyclophilin thereby enabling the virus to proliferate. |
|
|
Antibody reactivity to SARS-CoV-2 in adults from
the Vancouver metropolitan area, Canada |
Majdoubi, Abdelilah, Oconnell, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques Immunology | Immunologie |
This was a cross-sectional study that included adults in the Vancouver area in British Columbia (BC), Canada, between
May 17 and June 19, 2020. A novel 10-plex antibody assay (IgG) was used to measure antibody reactivity against the spike protein from circulating coronaviruses (229E, NL63, OC43, and HKU1), SARS-CoV, and four SARS-CoV-2 antigens. Seroreactivity from previous
viral exposure was ascertained using this assay, and by measuring total SARS-CoV-2 IgG/M/A antibodies against a recombinant spike (S1) protein using a commercial CLIA assay. Among 276 participants (71% HCW), three showed evidence of direct viral exposure,
yielding an adjusted seroprevalence of 0.6% 95%CI 0.2 to 3.1%], with no difference between HCW and non-HCW, or between paediatric and adult HCW. Among the remaining 273 unexposed individuals, 7.3% 95%CI 4.5% to 11.1%], 48.7 95%CI 42.7% to 54.8%] and 82.4%
95%CI 77.4% to 86.7%] showed antibody reactivity against SARS-CoV-2 RBD, N or Spike proteins, respectively. This reactivity was evenly distributed as a function of age, sex or between paediatric and adult HCW, and partly correlated with reactivity to circulating
coronaviruses (Spearman; range: 0.147 to 0.513 for significant correlation after false-discovery rate adjustment at 5%). |
|
The Psychological Consequences of COVID-19
Pandemic Lockdown in Bangladesh: A Population-Based Study |
Mamun, Mohammed, Sakib, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
The present study examined the psychological consequences of COVID-19 in Bangladesh during the lockdown period. The
prevalence rate of depression and suicidal ideation related to COVID-19 was 33% and 5%. Common risk factors for suicidal ideation and depression included being young, being female, being a cigarette smoker, having comorbid diseases, having high scores on the
Fear COVID-19 Scale, and having insomnia symptoms. |
|
Mangal, Tara Danielle, Whittaker, et al |
medRxiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health
interventions*| Interventions de santé publique |
Here we estimate the clinical severity of COVID-19 in Malawi, quantifying the potential impact of intervention strategies
and increases in health system capacity. The infection fatality ratios (IFR) in Malawi were estimated by adjusting reported IFR for China accounting for demography, the current prevalence of comorbidities and health system capacity. These estimates were input
into an age-structured deterministic model, which simulated the epidemic trajectory with non-pharmaceutical interventions. The estimated age-specific IFR in Malawi are higher than those reported for China, however the younger average age of the population
results in a slightly lower population-weighted IFR (0.48%, 95% uncertainty interval UI] 0.30% - 0.72% compared with 0.60%, 95% CI 0.4% - 1.3% in China). The current interventions implemented, (i.e. social distancing, workplace closures and public transport
restrictions) could potentially avert 3,100 deaths (95% UI 1,500 - 4,500) over the course of the epidemic. Enhanced shielding of people aged ≥ 60 years could avert a further 30,500 deaths (95% UI 17,500 - 45,600) and halve ICU admissions at the peak of the
outbreak. Coverage of face coverings of 60% under the assumption of 50% efficacy could be sufficient to control the epidemic. A novel therapeutic agent, which reduces mortality by 0.65 and 0.8 for severe and critical cases respectively, in combination with
increasing hospital capacity could reduce projected mortality to 2.55 deaths per 1,000 population (95% UI 1.58 - 3.84). |
|
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COVID-19: On the quarantine duration after short visits to high-risk regions |
Matsinos, Evangelos |
arXiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health
interventions*| Interventions de santé publique |
A simple Monte-Carlo method will be put forward herein, to enable the extraction of an estimate for the quarantine
duration, applicable to visitors to high-risk regions. Results will be obtained on the basis of an analysis of the upper tail of the cumulative distribution function of the time span between the departure of the travellers from the place where the infection
occurs and the time instant when COVID-19 infections may currently be detected. As expected, the quarantine duration is a decreasing function of the fraction of the infected travellers, which one is prepared to identify as `acceptable risk'. The analysis suggests
that a maximal 5 % risk (of new infections originating from subjects who become infective after their quarantine is lifted) may be associated with a minimal quarantine duration of about eight days, 1 % with about twelve, and 0.1 % with about sixteen. Unless
the distribution of the duration of short (typically, up to three weeks) travels departs significantly from the shape assumed in this study, the results of the present analysis do not provide support for the plans to shorten the quarantine duration of about
ten days to two weeks, which currently applies to travellers entering most European countries from regions with a high risk |
|
Mejía-Vilet, JM, Córdova-Sánchez, et al |
Salud Publica Mex |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection
d'agents pathogènes |
Derived and validated a prognostic score that, evaluated upon patient admission to the ED, helps predict the probability
of admission to ICU during patient hospitalization. |
|
|
Mirani, M, Favacchio, et al |
Diabetes care |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Study the impact of type 2 diabetes, comorbidities, plasma glucose levels, and antidiabetes medications on the survival
of COVID-19 patients (n=90). In patients with diabetes, elevated plasma glucose and IL-6 levels at admission, treatments with insulin were independently associated with increased mortality. |
|
|
A Novel Automated Method for COVID-19 Infection and Lung Segmentation using Deep
Neural Networks |
Mishra, Shreyas |
Research Square prepub |
Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes |
The aim of this paper is to assist in the rapid detection and segmentation of COVID-19 patients using deep learning
techniques and proposes a method for automatic segmentation of the lung and infected regions of COVID 19 patients using lung CT scan dataset. A comparative analysis of the proposed architectures has been done against recently published results which proves
the superiority of our models in terms of dice similarity coefficients. |
|
Mohammad, MA, Koul, et al |
Heart |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques Public Health Priorities|
Priorités de santé publique Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
Authors examined the incidence of myocardial infarction (MI) during the COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden, which has remained
an open society with a different public health approach fighting COVID-19. Results were consistent in all investigated patient subgroups, indicating no change in patient category seeking cardiac care. Kaplan-Meier event rates for 7-day case fatality were 439
(2.3%) compared with 37 (2.9%) (HR: 0.81, 95% CI (0.58 to 1.13), p=0.21). Time to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was shorter during the pandemic and PCI was equally performed, indicating no change in quality of care during the pandemic. |
|
|
Mor, Michael, Werbner, et al |
bioRxiv |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Immunology | Immunologie |
To understand the differences between antibody responses in mild versus severe cases of COVID-19, we analyzed the B
cell responses in patients 1.5 months post SARS-CoV-2 infection. Severe and not mild infection correlated with high titers of IgG against Spike receptor binding domain (RBD) that were capable of viral inhibition. B cell receptor (BCR) sequencing revealed two
VH genes, VH3-38 and VH3-53, that were enriched during severe infection. Of the 22 antibodies cloned from two severe donors, six exhibited potent neutralization against live SARS-CoV-2, and inhibited syncytia formation. Finally, we used combinations of nAbs
targeting different immune-sites to efficiently block SARS-CoV-2 infection. Analysis of 49 healthy BCR repertoires revealed that the nAbs germline VHJH precursors comprise up to 2.7% of all VHJHs. We demonstrate that severe COVID-19 is associated with unique
BCR signatures and multi-clonal neutralizing responses that are relatively frequent in the population. Moreover, our data support the use of combination antibody therapy to prevent and treat COVID-19. |
|
|
Mustafiz, Razib, Mohsin, et al |
arXiv |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection
d'agents pathogènes |
In our study, we evaluated the efficacy of Microsoft Cognitive Service to detect and classify COVID19 induced pneumonia
from other Viral/Bacterial pneumonia based on X-Ray and CT images. We wanted to assess the implication and accuracy of the Automated ML-based Rapid Application Development (RAD) environment in the field of Medical Image diagnosis. This study will better equip
us to respond with an ML-based diagnostic Decision Support System(DSS) for a Pandemic situation like COVID19. After optimization, the trained network achieved 96.8% Average Precision which was implemented as a Web Application for consumption. However, the
same trained network did not perform the same like Web Application when ported to Smartphone for Real-time inference. Which was our main interest of study. |
|
|
Nguyen, NN, Mutnal, et al |
PLoS One |
Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes |
Evaluated the performance of COVID-19 serology testing on three random access immunoassay analyzers (RAIA), typically
found in clinical laboratory. The RAIA methods had 100% and 90% correlation with ELISA and rtPCR respectively for samples collected >13 days post rtPCR confirmation. There were no significant differences among the methods which tested for IgG targeted to one
or both nucleocapsid and spike proteins, or tested for total antibodies. |
|
|
Nikoupour, H, Kazemi, et al |
BMC Surg |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Clinical report of a three year-old boy who had liver transplantation at 18 months old, hospitalized with COVID-19
infection. |
|
|
Nkhata, SmithG, Nakoma-Ngoma, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We developed and tested a hypothesis that countries that consume higher immunity boosting foods (fruits, vegetables,
spices) and are exposed to less immunity suppressing factors (smoking, physical inactivity, alcohol, high calories consumption, pollution) have lower Covid-19 deaths per million population (C19DM) than those countries consuming less immunity boosting food
and are highly exposed to immunity suppressing factors using multilinear regression. Of all the factors under study, life expectancy (years), calorie intake (Kcal/person/day) and prevalence of diabetes (%) had significant association with C19DM (R2 = 0.301,
p < 0.000). |
|
|
Nyaruaba, Raphael, Li, et al |
medRxiv |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection
d'agents pathogènes |
In this study, we developed simplex (1 target), duplex (2 targets), triplex probe mix (3 targets), and fourplex (4
targets) assays based on a two color ddPCR system for SARS-CoV-2 detection. Results showed that the fourplex assay had the similar limits of detection and accuracy to the lower multiplex assays. Analyzing 94 clinical isolates demonstrated that the ddPCR triplex
probe mix assay had better sensitivity than the RT-qPCR assay. Additionally, the ddPCR multiplex assay showed that remdesivir could inhibit the growth of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro while another testing drug couldn't. |
|
|
Ordaz-Johnson, O, Croff, et al |
J Gen Intern Med |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
Eight focus groups engaged 29 participants (22 women) aged 40 ± 8 years (mean ± SD). Regarding optimized treatments
for and prevention of COVID-19 among Black Americans, three major themes emerged: patient autonomy, holism, and structural racism. Emergent themes in these focus groups suggest that community involvement at the outset is critical for proper needs assessments,
as well as in subsequent design and implementation of any new approaches aimed at assessing or reducing unfair burden of morbidity and mortality due to conditions disproportionately affecting Black Americans. |
|
|
SARS-CoV-2 Inactivation Potential of Metal Organic
Framework Induced Photocatalysis |
Ornstein, Jason Mathew, Ozdemir, et al |
medRxiv |
Infection Prevention and Control/ Prévention et contrôle des infections (IPAC/PCI) |
Here we coupled the water adsorptive and photocatalytic capacity of novel Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs) to demonstrate
the capture and inactivation of SARS-CoV-2. Discussion is given on the methods of analysis and the differences between the photocatalytic activity of several MOFs, and the difference between MOF induced photocatalysis and ultra violet photolysis of SARS-CoV-2.
Our results are intended to provide support to industry looking for alternative methods secure indoor spaces. |
|
Ophthalmic and Neuro-ophthalmic Manifestations of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) |
Ortiz-Seller, A, Martínez Costa, et al |
Ocul Immunol Inflamm |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
A case report illustrating the possible association between multifocal chorioretinitis and Adie’s syndrome, and the
SARS-COV-2 infection. |
|
Padmanabhan, N, Natarajan, et al |
Neurol Sci |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
This retrospective observational study included all patients admitted to the Royal Stoke University Hospital in Stoke-on-Trent,
UK, with a stroke or transient ischaemic attack between March 15th and April 14th, 2020 (COVID). There was a 39.5% (n = 101 vs n = 167) reduction in admissions in the COVID cohort compared with 2019 with more severe strokes (median National Institutes of Health
Stroke Scale (NIHSS) 7 vs 4, p = 0.02), and fewer strokes with no visible acute pathology (21.8 vs 37.1%, p = 0.01) on computed tomography. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of stroke admissions fell, and stroke severity increased. There was no statistically
significant change in the delivery of thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy and no increase in mortality. |
|
|
Pal, Ankit, Sankarasubbu, et al |
arXiv |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection
d'agents pathogènes |
An interpretable and COVID-19 diagnosis AI framework is devised and developed based on the cough sounds features and
symptoms metadata to overcome these limitations. The proposed framework's performance was evaluated using a medical dataset containing Symptoms and Demographic data of 30000 audio segments, 328 cough sounds from 150 patients with four cough classes ( COVID-19,
Asthma, Bronchitis, and Healthy). Experiments' results show that the model captures the better and robust feature embedding to distinguish between COVID-19 patient coughs and several types of non-COVID-19 coughs with higher specificity and accuracy of 95.04
± 0.18% and 96.83± 0.18% respectively, all the while maintaining interpretability. |
|
|
Palamim, CVC, Ortega, et al |
J Racial Ethn Health Disparities |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
In the present study, the importance of social isolation, especially for Indigenous people of Brazil who are more vulnerable
to the COVID-19, was highlighted by the identification of the infection community. An Indigenous of the Kokama ethnicity was infected after coming in contact with a Medical Doctor who was infected with the disease. Later, it was noticed that both, Indigenous
and doctor, were responsible for COVID-19's transmission to 43 other Indigenous individuals (30 in Alto Rio Solimões and 13 in Parintis), causing possibly other confirmed deaths. |
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Palazzuoli, A, Mancone, et al |
J Am Heart Assoc |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We hypothesized that antecedent use of ACEI/ARB may be associated with mortality in COVID-19. We used the Coracle
registry, which contains data of hospitalized COVID-19 patients in 4 regions of Italy, and restricted analyses to those ≥ 50 years of age. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Among these 781 acutely ill patients, 133 (17.0%) used an ARB and 171
(21.9%) used an ACEI. The overall mortality rate was 15.1% (118/781) and increased with age (P(Trend) < 0.0001). Our findings suggest the protective role of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibition in patients with high cardiovascular risk affected
by COVID-19. |
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Perneger, T, Kevorkian, et al |
BMC Med Res Methodol |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
Authors proposed two additional graphical displays for the monitoring of epidemic outbreaks that overcome these limitations.
In most countries, the log(N) over log(C) plots showed initially a near-linear increase in COVID-19 deaths, followed by a sharp downturn. They enabled comparisons of small and large outbreaks (e.g., Switzerland vs UK), and identified outbreaks that were still
growing at near-exponential rates (e.g., Brazil or India). The plots of log(10)(N(t)/C(t-1)) over time showed a near-linear decrease (on a log scale) of the relative growth rate of most COVID-19 epidemics, and identified countries in which this decrease failed
to set in in the early weeks (e.g., USA) or abated late in the outbreak (e.g., Portugal or Russia). |
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Pozo-Martin, Francisco |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique |
We estimated the effect of a comprehensive and systematic set of public health policies on the growth rate in the number
of SARS-CoV-2 cases across the 37 member states of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) for the period January 1 - July 1 2020. Restrictions on gatherings, mask wearing requirements, school closing requirements, work closing requirements
and total number of tests per thousand population were, in that order, significant predictors of SARS-CoV-2 epidemic control. |
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Pritchard, Mark, Dankwa, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques Surveillance |
ISARIC (International Severe Acute Respiratory and emerging Infections Consortium) partnerships and outbreak preparedness
initiatives enabled the rapid launch of standardised clinical data collection on COVID-19. Current report highlights include: ISARIC collaborators recorded symptoms from over 102,000 patients in hospital with COVID-19. Most had fever, cough or shortness of
breath. Children and older adults were less likely to display typical symptoms, and over 40% of patients >80 years experienced confusion. For the 88,463 cases who meet eligibility criteria for this report: The median age is 72 years. A total of 18% of patients
were admitted at some point during their illness into an intensive care unit. Antibiotic use is high (82.2% of patients received antibiotics - the choice of antibiotic and specific indication have not yet been determined.) Fever, shortness of breath, a non-productive
cough and fatigue were the most common symptoms. Altered consciousness/confusion was also relatively frequent (19,619/86,175) and most common in elderly patients. Overall, elderly patients are less likely to present with URTI symptoms. |
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An in-depth investigation of the safety and immunogenicity
of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine |
Pu, Jing, Yu, et al |
medRxiv |
Vaccine Research| Recherche sur les vaccins Immunology | Immunologie RCT |
In a phase I randomized, double-blinded, and placebo-controlled trial involving 192 healthy adults 18-59 years of age,
two injections of three different doses (50 EU, 100 EU and 150 EU) of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine or the placebo were administered intramuscularly with a 2- or 4-week interval between the injections. The safety and immunogenicity of the vaccine were
evaluated within 28 days. There were 44 adverse reactions within the 28 days, most commonly mild pain and redness at the injection site or slight fatigue, and no abnormal variations were observed in 48 cytokines in the serum samples of immunized subjects.
The serum samples diluted from 1:32 to 1:4096 and incubated with the virus did not show antibody-dependent enhancement effects (ADEs) with regard to human natural killer cells, macrophages or dendritic cells. At day 14, the seroconversion rates had reached
92%, 100% and 96% with geometric mean titers (GMTs) of 18.0, 54.5 and 37.1, and at day 28, the seroconversion rates had reached 80%, 96% and 92% with GMTs of 10.6, 15.4 and 19.6in 0, 14 and 0, 28 procedures, respectively. Seroconversion was associated with
the synchronous upregulation of ELISA antibodies against the S protein, N protein and virion and a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response. Transcriptome analysis shaped the genetic diversity of immune response induced by the vaccine. |
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Rahman, Mohammad Azazur, Mahmud, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique |
In this paper, we have proposed a novel AI-powered data management framework for smart city named IoT-to-Edge-to-Fog-to-cloudlet-to-Cloud
(IEF2C) data management framework which will be exploited to identify the COVID-19 suspected patients in smart cities and also be used to inform the surrounding people about the suspected patient. The proposed framework is isolated into five layers which have
different tasks such as data collection, processing, authentication and storage. |
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Economic precarity, social isolation, and suicidal
ideation during the COVID-19 pandemic |
Raifman, Julia, Ettman, et al |
medRxiv |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
We aimed to evaluate the relationship between economic precarity, social isolation, and suicidal ideation during the
COVID-19 pandemic. We used data from two, nationally representative surveys of US adults: The 2017-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and the 2020 COVID-19 and Life Stressors Impact on Mental Health and Well-being study (conducted March
31 to April 13). We compared suicidal ideation in 2017-2018 to suicidal ideation in 2020. We estimated the association between stressors - job loss, trouble paying rent, and social isolation - and suicidal ideation in 2020. Suicidal ideation increased more
than fourfold, from 3.4% in the 2017-2018 NHANES to 16.3% in the 2020 CLIMB survey, and from 5.8% to 26.4% among participants in low-income households. Suicidal ideation was more prevalent among people facing difficulty paying rent (31.5%), job loss (24.1%),
and loneliness (25.1%), with each stressor associated with suicidal ideation in bivariable models. In the multivariable model, difficulty paying rent was associated with suicidal ideation (aPR: 1.5, 95% CI: 1.2 to 2.1), while losing a job was not (aPR: 0.9,
95% CI: 0.6 to 1.2). Feeling alone was associated with suicidal ideation (aPR: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.5 to 2.4). We conclude that suicidal ideation increased more than fourfold during the COVID-19 pandemic. Difficulty paying rent and loneliness were most associated
with suicidal ideation. Policies and programs to support people experiencing economic precarity and loneliness may contribute to suicide prevention. |
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Rao, L, Xia, et al |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
Here, we report a decoy nanoparticle against COVID-19 through a powerful two-step neutralization approach: virus neutralization
in the first step followed by cytokine neutralization in the second step. The nanodecoy possesses an antigenic exterior the same as source cells. y competing with host cells for virus binding, these nanodecoys effectively protect host cells from the infection
of pseudoviruses and authentic SARS-CoV-2. Our work presents a simple, safe, and robust antiviral nanotechnology for ongoing COVID-19 and future potential epidemics. |
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Rashid, M, Gale, et al |
J Am Heart Assoc |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
Temporal trends were assessed using Poisson models with equivalent pre-COVID19 period (1(st) February-14(th) May 2019)
as reference. . Acute myocardial infections (AMI) hospitalizations during COVID19 period were reduced by more than 50% (n=20,310 vs n=9,325). Out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA) was more prevalent during the COVID-19 period compared with the pre-COVID period
(5.6% vs. 3.6%), with a 56% increase in the incidence of OHCA (incidence rate ratio: 1.56, 95%CI 1.39-1.74). OHCA patients during COVID19 period were likely to be older, female, of Asian ethnicity and more likely to present with STEMI. |
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Rashidian, T, Sharifi, et al |
J Med Case Rep |
Transmission Clinical data| Données cliniques |
In the present case study, we report the death of a neonate born to a 32-year-old mother with coronavirus disease 2019
in Ilam, Iran, with Kurdish ethnicity. We report the infection and death of a neonate in Iran with a chest X-ray (CXR) marked abnormality 2 hours after birth demonstrating coronavirus disease 2019 disease. There is a paucity of data on the vertical transmission
and the adverse maternal-fetal consequences of this disease, so vertical transmission from mother to child remains to be confirmed. |
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Organizational aspects of care associated with mortality in critically ill COVID-19
patients |
Rimmelé, T, Pascal, et al |
Intensive Care Med |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
We performed a nationwide study based on the medical information system from all public and private hospitals in France.
All adults admitted to a French ICU for severe COVID-19 acute respiratory failure, with SAPS II greater than 15 and who received invasive ventilation, between January 1, 2020, and April 26, 2020 were included. First, weekends were associated with an increased
likelihood of patient death at the end of ICU stay. Understaffing frequently occurs during weekends and this result can be interpreted as a lack of available health professionals, given the patients’ needs. Second, excess mortality may arise when healthcare
organizations are overwhelmed. Paris and Northeast regions exhibited by far the highest number of severe COVID-19 patients to treat in France and corresponding ICUs appeared to be rapidly saturated. |
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Ripon, Rezaul Karim, Mim, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
The objectives of this study were to assess the perception, anxiety and behavior change of a population in Bangladesh
during the COVID-19 outbreak. Methods: A total of 6400 individuals comprised the population of this study. Subjects were respondents to an online questionnaire that was administered through social media. Results: 60% of participants (n= 3840) reported performing
change any avoidance behavior (social event or crowd place, mass transport, go to shop). 64% (n=4096) had carried out any change of any recommended behavior (using mask and tissue, disinfecting used things, washing hands, maintaining social distance, maintaining
isolation). 0.3% (n=1920) scored 18 or more on the anxiety scale, suggesting high anxiety. The strongest predictor of behavior change (recommended and avoidance) was "having a chronic illness’’. Participants who had carried out one or more recommended behaviors’
had significantly higher levels of "trust in government"/ |
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SARS-CoV-2 infection damages airway motile cilia and
impairs mucociliary clearance |
Robinot, Rémy, Hubert, et al |
bioRxiv |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
Understanding how SARS-CoV-2 spreads within the respiratory tract is important to define the parameters controlling
the severity of COVID-19. We examined the functional and structural consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a reconstituted human bronchial epithelium model. SARS-CoV-2 replication caused a transient decrease in epithelial barrier function and disruption of
tight junctions, though viral particle crossing remained limited. Rather, SARS-CoV-2 replication led to a rapid loss of the ciliary layer, characterized at the ultrastructural level by axoneme loss and misorientation of remaining basal bodies. The motile cilia
function was compromised, as measured in a mucociliary clearance assay. Epithelial defense mechanisms, including basal cell mobilization and interferon-lambda induction, ramped up only after the initiation of cilia damage. Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 infection
in Syrian hamsters further demonstrated the loss of motile cilia in vivo. This study identifies cilia damage as a pathogenic mechanism that could facilitate SARS-CoV-2 spread to the deeper lung parenchyma.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared
no competing interest. |
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Rostami-Tabar, Bahman |
arXiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
In this study, we propose a simple Multiple Linear Regression model, optimised to use call data to forecast the number
of daily confirmed cases. Moreover, we produce a probabilistic forecast that allows decision makers to better deal with risk. Our proposed approach outperforms ARIMA, ETS and a regression model without call data, evaluated by three point forecast error metrics,
one prediction interval and two probabilistic forecast accuracy measures. The simplicity, interpretability and reliability of the model, obtained in a careful forecasting exercise, is a meaningful contribution to decision makers at local level who acutely
need to organise resources in already strained health services. |
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Rotondi, M, Coperchini, et al |
J Endocrinol Invest |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Aim of the present study was to investigate by RT-PCR whether the mRNA encoding for ACE-2 is present in human thyroid
cells. RT-PCR was performed on in vitro ex vivo study on thyroid tissue samples (15 patients undergoing thyroidectomy for benign thyroid nodules) and primary thyroid cell cultures. The ACE-2 mRNA was detected in all surgical thyroid tissue samples (n = 15).
Compared with two reporter genes (GAPDH: 0.052 ± 0.0026 Cycles(-1); β-actin: 0.044 ± 0.0025 Cycles(-1); ACE-2: 0.035 ± 0.0024 Cycles(-1)), the mean level of transcript expression for ACE-2 mRNA was abundant. The results of the present study demonstrate that
the mRNA encoding for the ACE-2 receptor is expressed in thyroid follicular cells, making them a potential target for SARS-COV-2 entry. |
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Russo, E, Esposito, et al |
J Nephrol |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We collected data on patient demographics, comorbidities, chronic medications, vital signs, baseline laboratory test
results and in-hospital treatment in patients with COVID-19 consecutively admitted to our Institution. Chronic kidney disease was defined as eGFR < 60 mL/min per 1.73 m(2) or proteinuria at urinalysis within 180 days prior to hospital admission. Of 777 patients
eligible for the study, acute kidney injury developed in 176 (22.6%). Of these, 79 (45%) showed an acute worsening of a preexisting CKD, and 21 (12%) required kidney replacement therapy. Patients with AKI showed a significantly higher rate of deaths attributed
to bleeding compared to CKD and the whole population (7.5 vs 1.5 vs 3.5%, respectively). Awareness of kidney function, both preexisting CKD and development of acute kidney injury, may help to identify those patients at increased risk of death. |
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Sadurni, E, L |
arXiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
A reduction of simple SIR models to one variable leads us to a generalized logistic model, Richards model, which we
use to fit Mexico's COVID-19 data up to day number 134. Forecasting scenarios resulting from various fittings are discussed. A critique to the applicability of these models to current pandemic outbreaks in terms of robustness is provided. |
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Salinas, M, Blasco, et al |
J Clin Pathol |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
The purpose was to study laboratory test results in patients with COVID-19 at hospital emergency admission and to evaluate
the results in non-survivors and their potential prognostic value. Non-survivors were significantly older, and the percentage of patients with pathological values of creatinine, albumin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), C reactive protein, prothrombin time, D-dimer,
and arterial blood gas, PaO(2)/FIO(2) and satO2/FIO(2) indices were significantly higher among the patients with COVID-19 who died than those who survived. Patients who died also presented higher neutrophil counts. Among all studied tests, albumin and LDH
were independent prognostic factors for death. |
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Saloner, B, Gollust, et al |
PLoS One |
Economics | Économie |
To identify self-reported economic hardship and enrollment in major safety net programs before and early in the COVID-19
pandemic, we compared individuals with COVID-19 related employment or earnings reduction with other individuals. All analyses were weighted to account for survey non-response and known oversampling probabilities. Overall, 28.1% of all individuals experienced
an employment reduction (job loss or reduced earnings). Prior to the pandemic, 39.0% of the sample was enrolled in ≥1 safety net program, and 50.0% of individuals who subsequently experienced COVID-19 employment reduction were enrolled in at least one safety
net program. Those who experienced COVID-19 employment reduction versus those who did not were significantly more likely to have applied or enrolled in ≥1 program (45.9% versus 11.7%, p<0.001) and also significantly more likely to specifically have enrolled
in unemployment insurance (29.4% versus 5.4%, p < .001) and SNAP (16.8% versus 2.8%, p = 0.028). |
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Sawano, M, Takeshita, et al |
J Breath Res |
Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes |
Given that the disease is transmitted via exhaled aerosol and droplets, and that the exhaled breath condensate (EBC)
is the established modality for sampling exhaled aerosol, detection of the viral RNA in EBC is a promising approach for safe and efficient diagnosis of the disease. Subjects are those patients who are diagnosed with COVID-19 by positive nasopharyngeal swab
PCR test and admitted to Saitama Medical Center, Japan. EBC samples will be collected using an R-tube(®) or R-tubeVent(®) device. Collected EBC samples will be introduced into a nucleic acid purifier. To date we have collected eight samples from seven subjects.
Among them, two samples from two subjects tested positive for SARS-COV-2 RNA by the RT-PCR. Reflecting the second wave of COVID-19 prevalence in Japan, new admissions of COVID-19 patients to the Saitama Medical Center are increasing, and we are expecting to
collect at least 50 EBC samples from 25 patients before the end of this year. |
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Highly Effective Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 by Conjugated
Polymers and Oligomers |
Schanze, KirkS, Whitten, et al |
medRxiv |
Infection Prevention and Control/ Prévention et contrôle des infections (IPAC/PCI) |
In the present study we examined the inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 by synthetic conjugated polymers and oligomers developed
in our laboratories as antimicrobials for bacteria, fungi and non-enveloped viruses. Our results show that we can obtain highly effective light induced inactivation with several of these oligomers and polymers including irradiation with near-UV and visible
light. With both the oligomers and polymers, we can reach several logs of inactivation with relatively short irradiation times. Our results suggest several applications involving the incorporation of these materials in wipes, sprays, masks and clothing and
other Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) that can be useful in preventing infections and the spreading of this deadly virus and future outbreaks from similar viruses. |
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Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Vaginal Swabs of
Women with Acute SARS-CoV-2 Infection |
Schwartz, Anat, Yogev, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
In this study we aimed to determine whether SARS-CoV-2 is present in the vaginal secretions of both reproductive aged
and postmenopausal women during acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. Of the 35 patients sampled, 2 (5.7%) had a positive vaginal RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2, one was pre-menopausal and the other was post-menopausal woman. Both women had mild disease. Although passage through
the birth canal exposes neonates to the vaginal polymicrobial flora, an acquisition of pathogens does not necessarily mandate neonatal infection or clinical disease. The likelihood of vaginal colonization should be taken into consideration at the time of delivery
in patients with active SARS-CoV-2 infection. |
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Sharma, N, Vaish, et al |
Health Care Women Int |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
In the present study researchers aimed to assess mental and physical load on Indian women professionals during lockdown
due to COVID-19. An online cross-sectional survey was carried out using a Google form. The sample was collected from 28(th) April to 12(th) May 2020 and 537 responses were recorded from women working from home as well as working for home through snowball sampling
technique. Mental health was moderately and severely affected in 27.5% and 27% of participants respectively. 34.3% experienced great increase in physical load due to house hold chores during lockdown. The women performing work from home and work for home during
the lock down are going through moderately increased physical and mental load. Their health is also affected by development of musculoskeletal problems. |
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Psychological distress in Nepalese residents during COVID-19 pandemic: a community
level survey |
Shrestha, DB, Thapa, et al |
BMC Psychiatry |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
This online survey has been carried out to understand impact of COVID- 19 on mental health of Nepalese community dwellers.
The COVID-19 Peritraumatic Distress Index (CPDI) questionnaire adapted from the Shanghai Mental Health Centre was used for online data collection from 11 April-17 May 2020. A total of 410 participants completed the self-rated questionnaires. Mean age of study
participants was 34.8 ± 11.7 years with male preponderance. 88.5% of the respondents were not in distress (score less than 28) while, 11% had mild to moderate distress and 0.5% had severe distress. The prevalence of distress is higher among age group > 45 years,
female gender, and post-secondary education group. Health professional were more likely to get distressed. Respondents with post-secondary education had higher odds (OR = 3.32; p = 0.020) of developing distress as compared to respondents with secondary education
or lower. There is lower rate of psychological distress in city dwellers and people with low education. Adequate intervention and evaluation into mental health awareness, and psychosocial support focused primarily on health care workers, female and elderly
individuals is necessary. |
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Silva, CristianaJ, Cantin, et al |
arXiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
We propose a mathematical model for the transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in a homogeneously mixing non constant
population, and generalize it to a model where the parameters are given by piecewise constant functions. This allows us to model the human behavior and the impact of public health policies on the dynamics of the curve of active infected individuals during
a COVID-19 epidemic outbreak. Then, to capture the impact of mobility in the dynamics of COVID-19 epidemics, we propose a complex network with six distinct regions based on COVID-19 real data from Portugal. We perform numerical simulations for the complex
network model, where the objective is to determine a topology that minimizes the level of active infected individuals and the existence of topologies that are likely to worsen the level of infection. We claim that this methodology is a tool with enormous potential
in the current pandemic context, and can be applied in the management of outbreaks (in regional terms) but also to manage the opening/closing of borders. |
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Sonkaya, AR, ÖztÜrk, et al |
Turk J Med Sci |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
This study investigated the cerebrovascular hemodynamics in patients with Covid-19. When patient and control groups
were compared, the mean blood flow velocity was found to be higher in Covid-19 patients than the healthy volunteers and it was statistically significant (p = 0.00). The mean vasomotor reactivity rates values were found to be lower in Covid-19 group than the
healthy group and also it was statistically significant (p = 0.00). This could be considered as an indicator of dysfunction of cerebral hemodynamics in central nervous system. |
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Mathematical Model for COVID-19 Management in Crowded Settlements and High-Activity
Areas |
Ssematimba, Amos, Nakakawa, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health
interventions*| Interventions de santé publique |
This paper develops and analyses a population density-dependent mathematical model to study the transmission dynamics
of COVID-19 in crowded settlements such as refugee camps, schools, markets and churches. The model quantifies the potential impact of physical/social distancing and population density on the disease burden. It further determines the number of secondary infections
that may arise from having one infectious individual in a high population-activity area. Results reveal that with no fatalities, the reproduction numbers associated with asymptomatic and symptomatic cases are inversely proportional to; the habitat area size,
and the efforts employed in tracing and hospitalising these cases. Results also show that disease persistence in the community is guaranteed even with minimal admission of infected individuals. In a high-activity area with 70,000 individuals, results indicate
that if 10% of these individuals do not adhere to standard operating procedures (SOPs) when allocated an area of 1m2 per individual, then every infectious seeder will cause approximately one new infection within 12 hours of activity. On the other hand, if
the area occupied by the 70,000 individuals is increased to 1km2 then even at the lowest explored level of adherence to SOPs, the arising number of new cases within 12 hours would be less than one per infectious seeder. |
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Steere, HK, Polich, et al |
Pm r |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques Healthcare Response |
Réponse des soins de santé |
This study focused on the implementation of an ambulatory post-COVID-19 rehabilitation program for hospitalized
patients in New York and Boston during the early months of the pandemic. Several key findings emerged: (1) teams were able to rapidly develop physiatry-run outpatient COVID-19 recovery clinics via telehealth to safely address rehabilitation-related
needs of patients who had become severely ill from COVID-19, (2) institutions differed in mechanisms for patient flow and referrals to the recovery clinic, and (3) patient demographics differed among institutions. As of May 22, 2020, 35 patients had
been referred to NYC location one, 31 to NYC location two, and 36 to Boston location. The mean age of patients was 59.5 with 43.1% female. In terms of race/ethnicity, in the combined cohorts 10% identified as Asian, 15% Black, 35% Hispanic, 33% White
and 7% Other. Racial/ethnic diversity was greater in the NYC cohorts. For instance, at NYC location one, 20% of the population identified as Asian and 25.7% as Black, and at NYC location two 61.3% identified as Hispanic. The most common pre-morbid
medical comorbidities included hypertension (54.9%) and obesity (49.0%). In total, 13.7% had a history of depression and 11.9% had a mental health illness other than depression. The comorbidities of the NYC and Boston cohorts did not significantly differ.
Average hospital length of stay (LOS) was 15.2 days, with 37.3% requiring an ICU stay, and 35.3% needing mechanical ventilation. |
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Taz, TA, Ahmed, et al |
Brief Bioinform |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
This study conducted transcriptomic analyses of SARS-CoV-2 infection and Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients
in lung epithelium cell datasets were selected to identify the synergistic effect of SARS-CoV-2 to IPF patients. Common genes were identified to find shared pathways and drug targets for IPF patients with COVID-19 infections. Functional analysis was performed
using gene ontology terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway and found some shared associations that may cause the increased mortality of IPF patients for the SARS-CoV-2 infections. Drug molecules for the IPF were also suggested for the SARS-CoV-2
infections. |
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Thomas, Gregory, Frederick, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Immunology | Immunologie |
This study aims to elucidate transcriptional mechanisms of action involved with the ability of LMWF5A to reduce pro-inflammatory
cytokine release associated with a SARS-CoV-2 infection. ELISA arrays were used to identify cytokines and chemokines influenced by LMWF5A treatment of LPS-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The resulting profiles were analyzed by gene enrichment
to gain mechanistic insight into the biologic processes and transcription factors (TFs) underlying the identified differentially expressed cytokines. Evidence collected suggests that LMWF5A reduces pro-inflammatory cytokine release by activating the immunoregulatory
transcription factors PPARγ and AhR. In addition, our data indicate that LMWF5A suppresses NF-κB and STAT1α pro-inflammatory pathways. |
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Tiwari, Sankalp, Vyasarayani, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
The objective of this study is estimate the infected but undetected/unreported cases using a mathematical model, using
a parameter called the probability of quarantining an infected individual in a time-delayed SEIQR model. We also briefly discuss the two models (mean-β and continuum), present and discuss in detail the results of the optimization calculations (i.e., parameter
fitting) for Italy, and present the results for the remaining three countries: Germany, UK and Spain. |
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Tu, S, Sun, et al |
Vaccine |
Vaccine Research| Recherche sur les vaccins Public Health response| Interventions de
santé publique |
This study investigates vaccine confidence amongst Chinese caregivers and vaccination-service providers (VSPs) six
months after the Changchun Changsheng Vaccine Incident (CCVI). Six months post-CCVI, 96.0% of caregivers and the same proportion of VSPs reported that vaccination was important and compatible with their religious beliefs. 82.7% and 88.2% of caregivers agreed
that vaccines were safe and effective. 92.8% and 94.6% of VSPs agreed that vaccines were safe and effective. Both caregivers and VSPs reported an immediate decline in vaccine confidence post-CCVI. |
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Tzeng, NS, Chung, et al |
Transl Psychiatry |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
The aim of this study is to examine as to whether SARS is associated with the risk of psychiatric disorders and suicide.
Fine and Gray's survival analysis revealed that the SARS cohort was associated with an increased risk of psychiatric disorders and suicide, and the adjusted subdistribution HR (sHR) was 2.805 (95% CI: 2.182-3.605, p < 0.001) for psychiatric disorders and suicide.
The SARS cohort was associated with anxiety, depression, sleep disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder/acute stress disorder (PTSD/ASD), and suicide. |
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Vadrevu, KP, Eaturu, et al |
Sci Rep |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Surveillance |
The results suggested a 13% NO(2) reduction during the lockdown (March 25-May 3rd, 2020) compared to the pre-lockdown
(January 1st-March 24th, 2020) period. Also, a 19% reduction in NO(2) was observed during the 2020-lockdown as compared to the same period during 2019. The top cities where NO(2) reduction occurred were New Delhi (61.74%), Delhi (60.37%), Bangalore (48.25%),
Ahmedabad (46.20%), Nagpur (46.13%), Gandhinagar (45.64) and Mumbai (43.08%) with less reduction in coastal cities. |
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Willingness of the UK Public to Volunteer for
Testing in Relation to the COVID-19 Pandemic |
Vandrevala, Tushna, Montague, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
In this study, we present the first assessment of how the UK public (N=778) perceive the usefulness of testing for
coronavirus and the factors that influence a person’s willingness to test for coronavirus. None of the key demographic characteristics (age, gender, education, etc.) were significantly related to the respondents’ willingness to be tested for coronavirus. However,
closely following the news media and knowledge/perceptions about coronavirus was positively related to willingness to be tested. Views on testing for coronavirus predicted willingness to test, with the most influential factors being importance of testing by
need; negative views about widespread testing and mistrust in doctor’s advice about testing. |
|
Ventura-Díaz, S, Quintana-Pérez, et al |
Emerg Radiol |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
The purpose is to determine whether there are differences between D-dimer (DD) values in pulmonary embolism (PE)-positive
and PE-negative COVID-19 patients and, if so, to establish a new cutoff value which accurately determines when a CTPA is needed.he DD median value was significantly higher (p < .001) in the PE-positive group (7872, IQR 3150-22,494 ng/mL) compared with the
PE-negative group (2009, IQR 5675-15,705 ng/mL). The optimal cutoff value for DD to predict PE was 2903 ng/mL (AUC was 0.76 CI 95% 0.69-0.83], sensitivity 81%). The overall mortality rate was 16% (39/242). |
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Wang, L, Didelot, et al |
Nat Commun |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Transmission |
This study analysed 208 publicly available SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences collected during the early outbreak phase. The
authors combined phylogenetic analysis with Bayesian inference under an epidemiological model to trace person-to-person transmission. The dispersion parameter of the offspring distribution in the inferred transmission chain was estimated to be 0.23 (95%CI:
0.13-0.38), indicating there are individuals who directly infected a disproportionately large number of people. The results showed that super-spreading events played an important role in the early stage of the COVID-19 outbreak. |
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Wanigasooriya, Kasun, Palimar, et al |
medRxiv |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
We evaluated the prevalence of anxiety, depressive and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in a HCW population
in the United Kingdom (UK), to identify subgroups most at risk. Methods An electronic survey was conducted between the 05/06/2020 and 31/07/2020 of all hospital HCW in the West Midlands, UK using clinically validated questionnaires. We report a high prevalence
of clinically significant symptoms of anxiety, depression and PTSD in hospital HCW following the initial Covid-19 pandemic peak in the UK. Those with a history of mental health conditions were most at risk. Adequate PPE availability, access to wellbeing support
and reduced exposure to moral dilemmas may protect hospital HCW from mental health symptoms. |
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Werneck, AO, Silva, et al |
Transl Behav Med |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
Our aim was to analyze the prevalence of unhealthy movement behavior clusters before and during the COVID-19 pandemic,
as well as to investigate whether changes in the number of unhealthy behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic quarantine were associated with mental health indicators. Data of 38,353 Brazilian adults from a nationwide behavior research were used. We used descriptive
statistics and logistic regression models for the data analysis. The prevalence of all movement behavior clusters increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. The cluster of all three unhealthy movement behaviors increased from 4.6% (95% confidence interval CI]:
3.9-5.4) to 26.2% (95% CI: 24.8-27.7). Younger adults, people with higher academic achievement, not working or working at home, and those with higher time in quarantine presented higher clustering. People that increased one and two or three unhealthy movement
behaviors were, respectively, more likely to present loneliness (odds ratio OR] = 1.41 95% CI: 1.21-1.65] and OR = 1.71 95% CI: 1.42-2.07]), sadness (OR = 1.25 95% CI: 1.06-1.48] and OR = 1.73 95% CI: 1.42-2.10]), and anxiety (OR = 1.34 95% CI: 1.13-1.57]
and OR = 1.78 95% CI: 1.46-2.17]) during the COVID-19 quarantine. Clustering of unhealthy movement behaviors substantially increased and was associated with poorer mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. |
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Wibowo, DradjadH |
Research Square prepub |
Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique |
This study aims to demonstrate how health production function (representing the cumulative number of COVID-19 cases)
can be used to assess the state of COVID-19 transmission and to determine a risk-based physical distancing relaxation policy. Results indicate that as of June 30, 2020, France, Germany, Italy and the UK have arrived in the “green zone” where relaxation can
be considered. The US is still in the “red zone” where physical distancing still needs to be applied. |
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Expression of ACE2, the SARS-CoV-2 Receptor, in Lung Tissue of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes |
Wijnant, SR, Jacobs, et al |
Diabetes |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
The authors studied ACE2 mRNA and protein expression in lung tissue samples of patients with and without diabetes that
were collected between 2002 and 2020 from patients undergoing lobectomy for lung tumors. Pulmonary ACE2 mRNA expression was not different between subjects with or without diabetes. In contrast, protein levels of ACE2 were significantly increased in both alveolar
tissue and bronchial epithelium of patients with diabetes as compared with control subjects, independent of smoking, COPD, BMI, RAAS-inhibitor use and other potential confounders. This study showed increased bronchial and alveolar ACE2 protein expression in
patients with diabetes. |
|
Wilkinson, Dominic, Zohny, et al |
medRxiv |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique Healthcare Response | Réponse
des soins de santé |
Objective: As cases of COVID-19 infections surge, concerns have renewed about intensive care units (ICU) being overwhelmed
and the need for specific triage protocols over winter. This study aimed to help inform triage guidance by exploring the view of lay people about factors to include in triage decisions. Design, setting and participants: Online survey between 29th May and 22nd
June 2020 based on hypothetical triage dilemmas. Participants recruited from existing market research panels, representative of the UK general population. Scenarios were presented in which a single ventilator is available, and two patients require ICU admission
and ventilation. Patients differed in one of: chance of survival, life expectancy, age, expected length of treatment, disability, and degree of frailty. Respondents were given the option of choosing one patient to treat, or tossing a coin to decide. Results:
Seven hundred and sixty-three participated. A majority of respondents prioritized patients who would have a higher chance of survival (72-93%), longer life expectancy (78-83%), required shorter duration of treatment (88-94%), were younger (71-79%), or had
a lesser degree of frailty (60- 69% all p< .001). Where there was a small difference between two patients, a larger proportion elected to toss a coin to decide which patient to treat. A majority (58-86%) were prepared to withdraw treatment from a patient in
intensive care who had a lower chance of survival than another patient currently presenting with COVID-19. Respondents also indicated a willingness to give higher priority to healthcare workers and to patients with young children. |
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Wu, Y, Ma, et al |
Signal Transduct Target Ther |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Immunology | Immunologie |
This editorial reports on the study that investigated the influence of SARS-CoV-2 on type I interferon (IFN) signaling
during infection. The authors infected Huh7 cells and Calu3 cells with SARS-CoV-2. The authors ectopically expressed different SARS-CoV-2 proteins to study their roles in type I IFN signaling. Among them, SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro, also called 3CLpro
or nsp5) was proved to be a potent inhibitor of type I IFN signaling. The results revealed that Mpro CS mutant failed to reduce IFN-triggered ISG induction or enhance the association between STAT1 and autophagic receptor p62, suggesting that the enzymatic
activity might be necessary for Mpro to inhibit JAK-STAT signaling. Next found that overexpression of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro reduced virus-triggered IFN production as well as downstream ISGs and enhanced viral replication during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Taken together,
these results showed that SARS-CoV-2 Mpro could inhibit both IFN production and JAK-STAT signaling to antagonize innate antiviral immunity, thus enhancing the viral replication and latency. |
|
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Wu, YR, Chou, et al |
JMIR Mhealth Uhealth |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique Healthcare Response | Réponse
des soins de santé |
We aimed to establish the model of smartphone-enabled telehealth for palliative care family conference with integration
of shared decision making concept (SDM) and VALUE (value, acknowledge, listen, understand, and elicit) approach in the face of COVID-19 threat. The framework of the telehealth for palliative care family conference was developed on the basis of SDM model with
"team talk", "option talk", and "decision talk". Three phases of the family conference including "pre-visit", "during-visit", and "post-visit" were also designed according to telehealth implementation guides. The model was implemented in a national cancer
treatment center in Taiwan from February 2020. From February to April 2020 during COVID-19 era, 14 telehealth family conferences in the palliative care unit were analyzed. The patients age was 73 ± 10.1 (mean ± SD), and 6 patients (43%) were female. 12 patients
were married (86%), and the main caregiver joining the conference were mostly spouse and children (71%). Most patients were terminally-ill cancer patients (13 out 14 patients, 93%), except 1 stroke patient. The percentage of reaching consensus on goal of care
in "discharge planning" and "withdrawal of life sustaining treatments" during family conferences was 93%. There were 5 families feeling the family meeting to be good or very good (36%) and 9 were neutral (64%). The model might be applied to other countries
to promote the quality of end of life care in the era of COVID-19 outbreak. |
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Age and chest radiography as possible parameters for rapid triage in COVID-19 outbreak
surge |
Wycliff, Wei Enli, Heng, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection
d'agents pathogènes |
This study aimed to evaluate the age-related effects on COVID-19 severity and to characterise the performance of age
and chest radiography (CXR) at initial diagnosis in predicting severe disease. As a predictor of subsequent mechanical ventilation, age had an area under the receiver operator characteristic curve(AUROC) of 0.772 (95%CI:0.699-0.845). A combined criterion of
either an abnormal CXR or age≥55 years had a sensitivity of 86.7% and specificity of 58.0% for the same outcome. A similar performance was observed for predicting oxygen supplementation needs. |
|
Yang, C, Pan, et al |
Signal Transduct Target Ther |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
This editorial reports that the hydrophilic compound Salvianolic acid C (Sal-C) from Danshen, a traditional Chinese
medicine (TCM), potently inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection by blocking the formation of six-helix bundle (6-HB) core of spike (S) protein. |
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Yang, Weihua, Chen, et al |
medRxiv |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
The nucleic acid test results of influenza A virus, influenza B virus and respiratory syncytial virus, as well as the
antibody test results of 8 common respiratory viruses of Jinan Central Hospital were collected before and after the occurrence of SARS-CoV-2, and age distribution and time distribution characteristics were statisticed. Furthermore the epidemiological characteristics
of this new virus before and after the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic was compared. In the early stage of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic, influenza A, influenza B and respiratory syncytial virus nucleic acid test samples were large, and the positive rate of the three viruses
was high. After that, the sample size and positive rate decreased significantly. No co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses was found in our hospital. The sample size before the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak was larger than that after the outbreak, but the positive
rate of the outbreak was lower than that after the outbreak. And the infection rate of children decreased in the middle and late stages of the epidemic. |
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Structural basis for repurposing a 100-years-old drug
suramin for treating COVID-19 |
Yin, Wanchao, Luan, et al |
bioRxiv |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
The COVID-19 pandemic by non-stop infections of SARS-CoV-2 has continued to ravage many countries worldwide. Here we
report the discovery of suramin, a 100-year-old drug, as a potent inhibitor of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) through blocking the binding of RNA to the enzyme. In biochemical assays, suramin and its derivatives are at least 20-fold more
potent than remdesivir, the currently approved nucleotide drug for COVID-19. The 2.6 Å cryo-EM structure of the viral RdRp bound to suramin reveals two binding sites of suramin, with one site directly blocking the binding of the RNA template strand and the
other site clash with the RNA primer strand near the RdRp catalytic active site, therefore inhibiting the viral RNA replication. Furthermore, suramin potently inhibits SARS-CoV-2 duplication in Vero E6 cells. These results provide a structural mechanism for
the first non-nucleotide inhibitor of the SARS-CoV-2 RdRp and a rationale for repurposing suramin for treating COVID-19.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest. |
|
Young, S, Taylor, et al |
J Clin Microbiol |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection
d'agents pathogènes |
This study evaluated the clinical performance of the BD Veritor™ System for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid
antigen (Veritor), a chromatographic immunoassay used for SARS-CoV-2 point-of-care testing using nasal specimens from individuals with COVID-19 symptoms. In study 1, PPA for Veritor, compared to Lyra, ranged from 81.8%-87.5% for 0-1 through 0-6 DSO ranges.
In study 2, Veritor had a PPA, NPA, and OPA of 97.4%, 98.1%, and 98.1%, respectively, with Sofia 2. Discordant analysis showed one Lyra positive missed by Veritor and five Lyra positives missed by Sofia 2; one Veritor positive result was negative by Lyra.
Veritor met FDA-EUA acceptance criteria for SARS-CoV-2 antigen testing (≥80% PPA point estimate) for the 0-5 and 0-6 DSO ranges. |
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Vitritis and Outer Retinal Abnormalities in a Patient with COVID-19 |
Zago Filho, LA, Lima, et al |
Ocul Immunol Inflamm |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
This case report present a unique case of intraocular inflammation and outer retinal changes in a patient with coronavirus
disease (COVID-19) in a 57-year-old woman 12 days after COVID-19 symptoms onset confirmed by positive IgM and IgG serological tests. Color fundus photograph showed a yellowish lesion within the macular area, and fluorescein angiography revealed hyperfluorescence
on the topography of the macular lesion in both eyes. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography demonstrated hyperreflective pinpoints at the level of posterior vitreous hyaloid, corresponding to vitritis, hyperreflective lesions at the level of inner plexiform
and ganglion cell layers, and disruption of the ellipsoid zone. |
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Zeng, H, Wang, et al |
Signal Transduct Target Ther |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Therapeutics| Thérapeutique Immunology | Immunologie |
This study explored the potential efficacy of Convalescent plasma (CP) therapy, and assessed the possible factors associated
with its efficacy. No adverse events were observed during and after CP transfusion. Following CP transfusion, six out of eight patients showed improved oxygen support status; chest CT indicated varying degrees of absorption of pulmonary lesions in six patients
within 8 days; the viral load was decreased to a negative level in five patients who had the previous viremia; other laboratory parameters also tended to improve, including increased lymphocyte counts, decreased C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, and indicators
for liver function. The clinical efficacy might be associated with CP transfusion time, transfused dose, and the NAb levels of CP. |
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COVID-19-Associated Acute Multi-infarct Encephalopathy in an Asymptomatic CADASIL
Patient |
Zhang, T, Hirsh, et al |
Neurocrit Care |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We present a unique case of acute multi-infarct encephalopathy in a COVID-19 patient. The clinical features and CT
and MRI changes are consistent with acute subcortical multiple infarctions which could be related to or provoked by a viral infection. Further genetic testing revealed this previously asymptomatic patient to have a pathogenic variant of the NOTCH3 gene consistent
with CADASIL. Even though it is known that there are vascular wall smooth muscle abnormalities related to CADASIL gene mutations, it is not clear what triggers the multiple infarcts in these patients. The acute infection likely induced a milieu of inflammation,
hypoxia, and coagulopathy in this COVID-19 patient which triggered multiple infarcts. Further investigation as to the precipitants of the hypoxic–ischemic process in CADASIL patients is of interest. |
|
Zhao, JV, Schooling, et al |
Br J Clin Pharmacol |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
This study assessed the role of anti-hypertensives on immune and inflammatory markers as these drugs affect Angiotensin-converting
enzyme 2 (ACE 2) expression - which is the binding domain for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and SARSCoV-2. Genetically predicted effects of ACE inhibitors increased lymphocyte percentage (0.78, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.35,
1.22), decreased neutrophil percentage (-0.64, 95% CI -1.09, -0.20) and possibly lowered TNF-α (-4.92, 95% CI -8.50, -1.33). CCBs showed a similar pattern for immune function (lymphocyte percentage 0.21, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.36; neutrophil percentage -0.23, 95%
CI -0.39 to -0.08) but had no effect on TNF-α, as did potassium-sparing diuretics and aldosterone antagonists, and vasodilator antihypertensives. ARBs and other classes of hypertensives had no effect on immune function or TNF-α. |
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Therapeutic Options for Treatment of COVID-19: A Review from Repur-posed
Drugs to New Drug Targets |
Akhtar, B, Muhammad, et al |
Curr Drug Targets |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
|
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Attenuation of acute and chronic inflammation using compounds derived from plants |
Bondy, SC, Wu, et al |
Exp Biol Med (Maywood) |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Callegaro, D, Raut, et al |
J Surg Oncol |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Quinoline-based Compounds as Key Candidates to Tackle Drug Discovery Programs
of Microbicidal Agents |
da Gama, ANS, de Nazaré Correia Soeiro, et al |
Curr Pharm Des |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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da Silva, Yuri Henrique, de Moura Monteiro Júnior, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
SR: systematic review was carried out looking for articles published between December 2019 and May 2020 on the MEDLINE
/ PubMed search platform. The increase in cardiac and inflammatory markers was associated with worse clinical outcomes and risk of death, confirming the need to evaluate them since admission to the hospital. |
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Immunobiology and immunotherapy of COVID-19: A clinically updated overview |
Esmaeilzadeh, A, Elahi, et al |
J Cell Physiol |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Gatti, M, Raschi, et al |
Curr Heart Fail Rep |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Guarnotta, V, Ferrigno, et al |
Rev Endocr Metab Disord |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Gupta, A, Bahl, et al |
Am J Hosp Palliat Care |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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PMC7533147; Outlook of IL-6 signaling blockade for COVID-19 pneumonia |
Hashizume, M |
Inflamm Regen |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Henssler, J, Stock, et al |
Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
SR-MA: PubMed, PsycINFO, and Embase databases were searched for studies until April 22, 2020. Among secondary outcomes,
elevated levels of anger were reported most consistently. There is compelling evidence for adverse mental health effects of isolation and quarantine, in particular depression, anxiety, stress-related disorders, and anger.
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Hu, B, Guo, et al |
Nat Rev Microbiol |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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PMC7529589; COVID-19 exit strategy: Transitioning towards a new normal |
Jamaludin, S, Azmir, et al |
Ann Med Surg (Lond) |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Jammu, Anish Singh, Chasen, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
Rapid Review: search of PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar databases was conducted to identify all articles, available
in English language, regarding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer survivors published between December 2019 and August 27, 2020. Currently available literature provides preliminary indications of wide-ranging impacts of the pandemic on cancer survivors
with respect to the requirement to adapt to new means of healthcare delivery as well as their physical, psychosocial and economic wellbeing. The pandemic has left survivors dealing with the consequences of rigorous cancer treatment in the context of new challenges
related to social isolation, financial hardship and uncertainty with respect to their ongoing care.
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Kamel, AM, Sobhy, et al |
Rev Med Virol |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
SR-MA: Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, the Cochrane Library and Clinical Trials.gov were searched for relevant studies.
Findings support the association of AC with mortality in Covid-19 patients. The results, synthesized from mostly low-quality studies, show that prophylactic and therapeutic AC might reduce mortality in Covid-19 patients. Findings suggest that therapeutic doses
might be associated with better survival compared to prophylactic doses. |
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Cross-reactive memory T cells and herd immunity to SARS-CoV-2 |
Lipsitch, M, Grad, et al |
Nat Rev Immunol |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Coronavirus (COVID-19) and Racial Disparities: a Perspective Analysis |
Louis-Jean, J, Cenat, et al |
J Racial Ethn Health Disparities |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Morina, Nexhmedin, Kip, et al |
medRxiv |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Covid-19, SARS -CoV-2, Origin, transmission and treatment aspects, a brief
review |
Nawaz, S |
Infect Disord Drug Targets |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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High burden of acute kidney injury in COVID-19 pandemic: systematic review and
meta-analysis |
Oliveira, CB, Lima, et al |
J Clin Pathol |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
SR-MA: PubMed, SCOPUS and Web of Science were searched to identify English articles published until 25 May 2020. The
present study evidenced an incidence of COVID-19-associated AKI higher than previous meta-analysis. The majority of patients affected by AKI were critically ill and mortality rate among AKI cases was high.
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Recent advances in the nucleic acid-based diagnostic tool for coronavirus |
Prabhakar, PK, Lakhanpal, et al |
Mol Biol Rep |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Qiu, Xueting, Nergiz, et al |
medRxiv |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
SR: s Medline, EMBASE, China Academic Journals full-text database (CNKI), and pre-print servers were searched from
30 December 2019 to 3 July 2020 using relevant MESH terms. Asymptomatic patients can transmit SARS-CoV-2 to others, but our findings indicate that such individuals are responsible for fewer secondary infections than people with symptoms in the same studies.
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Raising awareness of suicide prevention during the COVID-19 pandemic |
Que, J, Yuan, et al |
Neuropsychopharmacol Rep |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Consideration for the asymptomatic transmission of
COVID-19: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
Ravindra, Khaiwal, Malik, et al |
medRxiv |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
SR-MA: (PubMed, Google Scholar, medRixv, and BioRixv) was accomplished using standard Boolean operators, studies published
till 07th June 2020. We found and suggest the rigorous epidemiological history, early isolation, social distancing, and increased quarantine period (at least 28 days) after screening asymptomatic cases as well as their close contacts for chest CT scan even
after their negative nucleic acid testing to minimize the spread among the community.
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Roshkovan, L, Chatterjee, et al |
Ann Am Thorac Soc |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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A Systematic Review on Guidelines and Recommendations for Tracheostomy
during Covid-19 Pandemic |
Shah, Rahulkumar, Priyadarshini, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
SR: MEDLINE (accessed from PubMed) from 6 august 2019 to 7 august 2020 were systematically searched with filters as
‘2020’ year of study, English language, full article available on 7/08/2020 at 11.30 Am. In selected COVID-19 patients, there is a role for tracheostomy to aid in weaning and optimise healthcare resource utilisation. Tracheostomy can be performed safely with
careful modifications to technique and appropriate enhanced personal protective equipment. |
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Siff, EJ, Aghagoli, et al |
Epidemiol Infect |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Talarico, Fernanda, Chakravarty, et al |
medRxiv |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
SR: used PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science platforms to identify relevant literature published between 1962 and 2020.
Overall, the psychiatric side effects are dose- and sex-independent. The most common psychiatric side effects reported are increased speech output/ excessive talking, increased psychomotor activity, irritable mood, auditory hallucinations, delusion of grandiosity,
and suicide attempts, likely due to brain intoxicationbe of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine. |
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Wahab, S, Ahmad, et al |
Curr Drug Deliv |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19 pathogenesis, and exposure to air pollution: What is the
connection? |
Woodby, B, Arnold, et al |
Ann N Y Acad Sci |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Yazdanifar, M, Mashkour, et al |
Crit Rev Microbiol |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Zhang, Jiashuo, Yu, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
SR-MA: PubMed, Web of Science and EMBASE were searched without a lower time limit and up to August 13, 2020. Since
significant heterogeneity has been detected in studies of anxiety and depression, we must interpret the results with caution. As the COVID-19 pandemic will not end in a short time, corresponding psychological interventions must be implemented to address the
mental health of pregnant women. |
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Abrantes, T, Bezerra, et al |
Oral Dis |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Covid-19 and kidney injury: Pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms |
Ahmadian, E, Hosseiniyan Khatibi, et al |
Rev Med Virol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Anders, RL |
Nurs Forum |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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During the second wave of COVID-19, don't forget about influenza: a call to action |
Atallah, F, Minkoff, et al |
Bjog |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Aviv-Reuven, Shir |
arXiv |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Microbe hunting in the modern era: reflecting on a decade of microbial genomic epidemiology |
Baker, KS |
Curr Biol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Baker, MG, Wilson, et al |
Bmj |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Bazuaye-Ekwuyasi, E, Camacho, et al |
Emerg Radiol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Beskow, AF, Martinez-Duartez, et al |
Obes Surg |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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The Impact of COVID-19 on the Continuity of Cardiovascular Care |
Bhatia, RT, Gati, et al |
Eur Heart J |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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How to minimise airborne droplet contamination while performing laparoscopy in the COVID-19
era |
Birch, B, Luo, et al |
ANZ J Surg |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Frauds in scientific research and how to possibly overcome them |
Boetto, E, Golinelli, et al |
J Med Ethics |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Telemedicine for management of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis through
COVID-19 tail |
Bombaci, A, Abbadessa, et al |
Neurol Sci |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Borocco, C, Pouletty, et al |
Ann Rheum Dis |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Bowsher, RR, Devanarayan, et al |
Aaps j |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Breathnach, AS |
Bmj |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Internship Activities at Health Organizations
in Saudi Arabia |
Bugis, BA |
Hosp Top |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Camden, C, Silva, et al |
Phys Occup Ther Pediatr |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Cardona, B |
Health Promot Int |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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ACE2 expression in allergic airway disease may decrease the risk and severity of
COVID-19 |
Chhapola Shukla, S |
Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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COVID-19 pandemic impact on prosthetic treatments in the Brazilian Public Health System |
Chisini, LA, Sartori, et al |
Oral Dis |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Chou, R, Dana, et al |
Ann Intern Med |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Cottrell, J, Lui, et al |
J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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COVID-19 and myeloid cells: complex interplay correlates with lung severity |
D'Alessio, FR, Heller, et al |
J Clin Invest |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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de Vries, RD |
Signal Transduct Target Ther |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Dutheil, F, Baker, et al |
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Finsterer, J, Stöllberger, et al |
J Med Virol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Fudulu, DP, Angelini, et al |
Perfusion |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Political interference in public health science during covid-19 |
Gonsalves, G, Yamey, et al |
Bmj |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Gupta, R |
Crit Care |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Insight on Sex-Based Immunity Differences, With COVID-19 Implications |
Hampton, T |
Jama |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Harrison, J, Mor, et al |
Isr J Health Policy Res |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Hsu, AL, Finlinson, et al |
Reprod Sci |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Diabetic emergencies during the COVID-19 pandemic: a case-control study |
Huda, MSB, Shaho, et al |
Diabet Med |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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New-onset Cardiac Arrhythmias during COVID-19 Hospitalization |
Iacopino, S, Placentino, et al |
Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Isaacs, D, Priesz, et al |
J Paediatr Child Health |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Ishmatov, Alexander |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Janssen, R, Visser, et al |
Br J Nutr |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Jiménez-Blanco, S, Pla-Peris, et al |
J Endocrinol Invest |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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COVID-19 transmission sources, management, and scientific research in Turkey |
Kahraman, F, Özkara, et al |
Turk J Med Sci |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Kan, B, Ahl, et al |
Lakartidningen |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Kazachkov, Mikhail, Pirzada, et al |
The Lancet Respiratory Medicine |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Kirkby, KJ, Kirkby, et al |
Br J Radiol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Do cross-reactive antibodies cause neuropathology in COVID-19? |
Kreye, J, Reincke, et al |
Nat Rev Immunol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Lai, D, Wang, et al |
PLoS One |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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PMC7508045; What could explain the late emergence of COVID-19 in Africa? |
Lalaoui, R, Bakour, et al |
New Microbes New Infect |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Lancuba, S, Martinez, et al |
JBRA Assist Reprod |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Effects of SARS-CoV-2 and its functional receptor ACE2 on the cardiovascular system |
Li, M, Chen, et al |
Herz |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Long, Yuqing, Chen, et al |
arXiv |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Covid-19: Only half of 16 000 patients missed from England's official figures have been
contacted |
Mahase, E |
Bmj |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Matoori, S, Khurana, et al |
Eur Radiol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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McClain, CB, Vabret, et al |
Signal Transduct Target Ther |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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McNeil, CM |
J Clin Oncol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Meena, P, Pallavi, et al |
Indian J Pediatr |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Merry, SN, Cargo, et al |
Child Adolesc Ment Health |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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"Will you hear my voice?": to engage older patients online, listen to them about
their lives offline |
Millenson, ML |
Isr J Health Policy Res |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Exploit T cell Immunity for Rapid, Safe and Effective COVID-19 Vaccines |
Moise, L, Ross, et al |
Expert Rev Vaccines |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Muhuri, M, Gao, et al |
Signal Transduct Target Ther |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Interventions of emergency medical teams in Poland during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic |
Nadolny, K, Ładny, et al |
Kardiol Pol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Narayana, S, Roy, et al |
J Gen Intern Med |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Covid-19 elimination: consider population level effects of vaccine |
Payne, N |
Bmj |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Pednekar, Rahi, Mahajan, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Breath research in times of a global pandemic and beyond: the game changer |
Pleil, JD, Beauchamp, et al |
J Breath Res |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Pourani, MR, Nasiri, et al |
Dermatol Ther |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Pourret, O, Saillet, et al |
Nature |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Clotting disorder in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 |
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Rev Med Virol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Can J Public Health |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Emerg Med Australas |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Schuetz, AN, Hemarajata, et al |
J Clin Microbiol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Investigator initiated research in times of COVID-19: Let's go digital! |
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Neurogastroenterol Motil |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Debate of Chest CT and RT-PCR Test for the Diagnosis of COVID-19 |
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Appendix: Process and definitions.
A daily search for new publications is conducted in PubMed, Scopus,
BioRxiv and MedRxiv, SSRN,
Research Square,
arXiv for all publications related to COVID-19 disease or SARS-CoV-2 using the search terms (COVID-19 OR SARS-CoV-2
OR "novel CoV" OR "novel coronavirus" OR nCoV) adapted to each database. The capture is cross-referenced with publication announcements on the COVID-19 dashboards set up by a number of publishers and google. Publishers include
Lancet,
Elsevier,
The New England Journal of Medicine,
BMJ, Wiley,
Springer Nature, ChinaCDCweekly.
Additionally the database is cross-referenced with other literature scans and activities by collaborators. Members of the Emerging Sciences group examine and shorten the abstract or develop 1 -2 point summaries of each publication. Please email Lisa
Waddell for additional information: Lisa.Waddell@canada.ca.
References are compiled in a reworks database that has citations since the beginning of the outbreak. All references can be accessed at this
link and by the categories listed below. The daily scan has also been compiled in an excel sheet and copies can be provided upon request or
accessed
here.
Category Definitions:
Modelling/ prediction: Predictive modeling is a process that uses data mining and probability to forecast outcomes. Each model is made up of a number of predictors, which are variables that are likely
to influence future results.
Epidemiology: the branch of medicine which deals with the incidence, distribution, and possible control of diseases and other factors relating to health. Includes Ro,
attack rates, case number doubling time, case fatality rate, serial interval, clinical attack rate, asymptomatic fraction, proportion of asymptomatic and infective*
Transmission: The passage of a pathogen causing communicable disease from an infected host to an uninfected host via direct or indirect routes.
Clinical data of cases: Includes clinical parameters such as incubation period, latent period, period of communicability, duration of illness, duration of hospitalization, host risk factors, as well
as clinical profiles of patients; presenting symptoms, symptoms over course of illness, sequelae, comorbidities.*
Surveillance: Public health surveillance is the continuous, systematic collection, analysis and interpretation of health-related data. Surveillance data will likely be number of cases suspected/confirmed,
number of deaths, number recovered. *
Coronavirology: All research relating to the virus; its characteristics, genetic make-up, phylogenetic analyses
Diagnostics / Pathogen detection:
All studies on identification of the virus; culture, PCR, antibody/antigen tests etc.
Therapeutics: Studies of substances that may be used to treat infected hosts including passive immunization products.
Vaccine Research: Studies of vaccine candidates to prevent infection with 2019-nCoV including clinical trials.
Public Health Priorities: These citations will focus on what the current research priorities are and/or where knowledge gaps exist.
Public Health interventions*:
Any study evaluating how effective a public health intervention is or maybe (in the case of a predictive model).
Public Health response:
These papers are typically overviews of past and current activities, they often also identify knowledge gaps and suggest future activities or objectives.
Infection Prevention and Control/
Prévention et contrôle des infections (IPAC/PCI): Any research on the effectiveness of IPC interventions should also be tagged as IPC
Health care Response: This foci would include a description of activities to deal with 2019-nCoV cases including, but not limited to: set up of a special emergency multi-disciplinary intensive care team; Bed and medical equipment
preparation/ stock piling supplies; Education and training of staff; Early case recognition and classification of disease severity.
Economics: papers discussing/ forecasting the economics of COVID-19 pandemic.
Immunology: the study of the immune system and includes serology studies in conjunction with other foci (e.g. epidemiology or diagnostics)
Animal Model:
An animal model is a living, non-human, often genetic-engineered animal used during the research and investigation of human disease, for the purpose of better understanding the disease
process without the added risk of harming an actual human.
Zoonotic:
all literature discussing the transmission to and from or occurrence of naturally acquired SARS-COV-2 infection in animals.
Review Literature: All articles that summarize the published literature can be tagged as a review. This includes systematic review, meta-analysis, scoping review, overviews, umbrella reviews*
Commentary/Editorial: For commentaries, editorials, letters to the editor, other types of opinion pieces where there is no new data collected by the author or analysis conducted by the author, please tag these within the commentary
category.
News articles that have not scientific information.
*Lists are not exhaustive
Annexe: Processus et définitions.
Une recherche quotidienne des nouvelles publications est effectuée dans PubMed, Scopus,
BioRxiv and MedRxiv,
SSRN,
Research Square,
arXiv
pour toutes les publications relatives à la maladie COVID-19 ou au SRAS-CoV-2 en utilisant les termes de recherche (COVID-19 OU SARS-CoV-2 OU « novel CoV » OU « novel coronavirus » OU nCoV). La saisie renvoie à des annonces de publication
sur les tableaux de bord du nCoV mis en place par un certain nombre d'éditeurs et par Google. Parmi les éditeurs figurent
Lancet,
Elsevier,
The New England Journal of Medicine,
BMJ,
Wiley,
Springer Nature,
ChinaCDCweekly. En outre, la base de données renvoie à d'autres survols de publications, et à des activités des collaborateurs.
Les membres du groupe scientifique émergent préparent des résumés en 1 ou 2 points de chaque publication. Pour en savoir plus, veuillez envoyer un courriel à Lisa Waddell au :
Lisa.Waddell@canada.ca.
Les références sont compilées dans une base de données Refworks qui contient des citations depuis le début de l'épidémie. Toutes les références sont accessibles à partir de ce
lien et par les catégories énumérées ci-dessous. L'analyse quotidienne a également été compilée
dans une feuille Excel et des copies peuvent être fournies sur demande ou consultées
ici.
Définitions des catégories :
Modélisation / prédiction : La modélisation prédictive est un processus qui utilise l'exploration de données et la probabilité pour prévoir les résultats.
Chaque modèle est composé de plusieurs prédicteurs, qui sont des variables susceptibles d'influencer les résultats futurs.
Épidémiologie :
Branche de la médecine qui traite de l'incidence, de la répartition et du contrôle éventuel des maladies et d'autres facteurs liés à la santé. Comprend le taux de reproduction de base (Ro), les taux d'attaque,
le temps de doublement du nombre de cas, le taux de létalité, l'intervalle sériel, le taux d'attaque clinique, la fraction asymptomatique, la proportion de cas asymptomatiques et infectieux*.
Transmission :
Passage d'un agent pathogène causant une maladie transmissible d'un hôte infecté à un hôte non infecté par des voies directes ou indirectes.
Données cliniques
des cas : Comprend les paramètres cliniques tels que la période d'incubation, la période de latence, la période de contagiosité, la durée de la maladie, la durée de l'hospitalisation, les facteurs de risque de l'hôte, ainsi que
les profils cliniques des patients; les symptômes présentés, les symptômes au cours de la maladie, les séquelles, les comorbidités.*
Surveillance : La surveillance de la santé publique est la collecte, l'analyse et l'interprétation continues et systématiques de données relatives à la santé.
Les données de surveillance concerneront probablement le nombre de cas suspects / confirmés, le nombre de décès, le nombre de personnes guéries. *
Coronavirologie : Toutes les recherches relatives au virus, ses caractéristiques, sa constitution génétique et les analyses phylogénétiques.
Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes : Toutes les études sur l'identification du virus : culture, PCR, tests de dépistage d'anticorps ou d’antigènes,
etc.
Thérapeutique :
Étude des substances pouvant être utilisées pour traiter les hôtes infectés, y compris les produits d'immunisation passive.
Recherche sur les vaccins : Études des candidats à la vaccination pour prévenir l'infection par le 2019-nCoV, y compris des essais cliniques.
Priorités de santé publique :
Ces citations porteront sur les priorités actuelles de recherche et/ou sur les lacunes dans les connaissances.
Interventions de santé publique* :
Toute étude évaluant l'efficacité (réelle ou possible) d'une intervention de santé publique (dans le cas d'un modèle prédictif).
Réponse de la santé publique :
Ces articles sont généralement des aperçus des activités passées et actuelles, qui identifient souvent les lacunes dans les connaissances et suggèrent des activités ou des objectifs futurs.
Prévention et contrôle des infections/Infection Prevention and Control (PCI/IPAC) :
Les recherches sur l'efficacité des interventions en PCI doivent également être marquées comme PCI.
Réponse des soins de santé :
Ce point comprendrait une description des activités pour traiter les cas de 2019-nCoV, notamment : mise en place d'une équipe multidisciplinaire spéciale de soins intensifs d'urgence; préparation des lits et des équipements médicaux
/ stockage des fournitures; sensibilisation et formation du personnel; reconnaissance précoce des cas et classification de la gravité de la maladie.
Immunologie : l'étude du système immunitaire et comprend des études sérologiques en conjonction avec d'autres foyers (p. ex. épidémiologie ou diagnostic)
Modèle
animal:
Un modèle animal est un animal vivant, non humain, souvent génétiquement modifié, utilisé lors de la recherche et de l'investigation des maladies humaines, dans
le but de mieux comprendre le processus de la maladie sans risque supplémentaire de nuire à un humain réel.
Zoonotic:
all literature discussing the transmission to and from or occurrence of naturally acquired SARS-COV-2 infection in animals.
Économie: documents discutant / prévoyant l'économie de la pandémie de COVID-19
Revue de la documentation :
Tous les articles qui résument les documents publiés peuvent être marqués comme une revue. Cela comprend les revues systématiques, les méta-analyses, les études de la portée, les aperçus, les examens généraux*.
Commentaires/Éditorial : Pour les commentaires, éditoriaux, lettres à la rédaction, autres types d'articles d'opinion pour lesquels aucune nouvelle donnée n'est collectée ou aucune
analyse n'est effectuée par l'auteur, veuillez les marquer dans la catégorie des commentaires.
journaux Articles de presse qui n'ont pas d'informations scientifiques.
* Les listes ne sont pas exhaustives