Subject: Daily Scan of COVID-19 Scientific Publications / survol journalier des publications scientifiques du COVID-19, 2020-10-06
Good afternoon,
There are 256 citations in today’s scan. 177 were considered primary research or review literature.
Highlights today include:
CANADA
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Sarkar et al, at University of Waterloo, Canada have designed a Deep Learning model COVIDNet-CT to detect COVID-19 from infected chest CT images,
and created a CT image dataset (COVIDx-CT) housing CT image slices across a large case sample ( n= 1,489). Investigators test the ability of the software to detect COVID-19 from CT images and report the model yields best results with F-scores over 99%.
IPAC
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Hirose et al
evaluated the stability of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus (IAV), mixed with culture medium or upper respiratory mucus, on human skin surfaces and the dermal disinfection effectiveness of 80% (w/w) ethanol against SARS-CoV-2 and IAV. SARS-CoV-2 and
IAV were inactivated rapidly on skin surfaces than on other surfaces (stainless steel/glass/plastic); the survival time was significantly longer for SARS-CoV-2 than for IAV 9.04 h vs. 1.82 h. IAV on other surfaces was inactivated faster in mucus versus medium
conditions, while SARS-CoV-2 showed similar stability in the mucus and medium; the survival time was significantly longer for SARS-CoV-2 than for IAV 11.09 h vs. 1.69 h. Moreover, both SARS-CoV-2 and IAV in the mucus/medium on human skin were inactivated
within 15 s by ethanol treatment.
TRANSMISSION
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Cao et al
reported the diagnosis and treatment process of two pregnant women infected with COVID-19 who had vaginally delivered live, full-term, singleton babies. The two cases showed that there is still insufficient evidence supporting maternal-fetal vertical
transmission of COVID-19 in late pregnancy, and there is no evidence that vaginal delivery would increase the possibility of neonatal infection.
TRANSMISSION – ANIMAL MODEL
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Edwards et al.
studied respiratory droplet generation and exhalation in human and nonhuman primate subjects with and without COVID-19 infection to explore whether SARS-CoV-2 infection and other physiological state changes translate into observable evolution of numbers
and sizes of exhaled respiratory droplets in healthy and diseased subjects. In the observational cohort study of the exhaled breath particles of 74 healthy human subjects and experimental infection study of eight nonhuman primates infected by aerosol with
SARS-CoV-2, The authors found that exhaled aerosol particles increase one to three orders of magnitude with ageing, high BMI, and COVID-19 infection. These variances appear to be related to airway mucus surface composition changes and the propensity for mucus
surfaces to break up into small droplets during breathing.
EPIDEMIOLOGY
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Ece et al.
investigated the effects of COVID-19 infection with asymptomatic and mild symptoms on trans-myocardial repolarization parameters in children without treatment. A total of 105 COVID-19 patients were compared with 40 healthy children. In the COVID-19 group,
QTd, QTcd, Tp-e, Tp-e dispersion, Tp-e/QT ratio and Tp-e/QTc ratio were statistically higher than the control group. The ventricular repolarization was impaired even in asymptomatic children with COVID-19 infection.
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Shallcross et al.
identify risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infections and outbreaks in UK Long-term Care Facilities. The analysis finds, odds of infections/outbreaks to be reduced in LTCFs that offered paid sick leave, cohorting staff, did not employ agency staff and had
higher staff to resident ratios. Greater odds of infection/outbreaks were associated with facilities reporting higher admissions, lower cleaning frequency, poor compliance with isolation and for profit status.
·
Wong et al. aimed to describe the impact of COVID-19 from the patient's perspective, including assessment
of quality of life, frailty, dyspnea, mood, and sleep approximately 3 months after symptom onset.
They conclude that over 75% of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 have abnormal patient-reported outcome measures 3 months after symptom onset, with a third of patients reporting at least moderate impairment
in major dimensions of quality of life.
ANIMAL MODEL
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Vergara-Alert et al inoculated conventional piglets with SARS-CoV-2 through different routes,
including intranasal, intratracheal, intramuscular and intravenous ones. Although piglets were not susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 and lacked lesions or viral RNA in tissues/swabs, seroconversion was observed in pigs inoculated
parenterally (intramuscularly or intravenously).
DIAGNOSTICS
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Shiri et al
investigated the applicability of Sniffer dogs to detect people with COVID-19.
In the pharyngeal secretions verification test, the sniffer dogs could obtain 65% in sensitivity and 89% in specificity. In this process, they could identify 17 out of total 26 true positive samples and 48 out of total 54 true
negative samples. According to this results, the PPV and NPV levels for this experiment were 74% and 84%, respectively. In the next verification test for face mask and clothes of patients, 43 samples were correctly identified out of 50 positive samples by
dogs. Moreover, out of 70 negative samples, 65 samples were correctly found to be negative by canines. The sensitivity of this method was high as 86%, and the specificity was 92.9%. Concerning the positive and negative predictive values, the numbers are high
as 89.6% and 90.3%, respectively.
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Pretorius, et al.
show here that microclots can be detected in the native plasma of COVID-19 patient, without the addition of any clotting agent, and in particular that such clots are amyloid in nature as judged by a standard fluorogenic stain. This provides a rapid and
convenient test with 100% sensitivity (P<0.0001).
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Ongerth et al.
examined the ability of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay to quantify SARS-CoV-2 in raw sewage, directly, using no preliminary sample processing for virus concentration and RNA extraction. Results show that even at low reported case
rates e.g. 1-10/100,000, SARS-CoV-2 is present in raw sewage at > 1-5/ μL, permitting direct LAMP-based detection. Use of RT qLAMP will facilitate wastewater-based epidemiology as an important component for COVID-19 control.
PUBLIC HEALTH RESPOSNE
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Saw et al.
aim to identify factors predicting voluntary downloads of a contact tracing mobile application for COVID-19, TraceTogether', using an online survey (n=505).Overall, the strongest predictors of digital contact tracing take-up was the extent to which individuals
had adjusted their lifestyles due to the pandemic, not sociodemographics.
·
Bachtiger et al
measured the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on acceptance of flu vaccination in the 2020-21 season. Results indicate that Covid-19 has increased acceptance of flu vaccination in 2020/21 from 79.6% to 91.2% in those previously
eligible, and for the 69% of those newly eligible. It remains of concern that 50% of healthcare professionals who refused it previously still do not intend to have the flu vaccine.
·
Ravens-Sieberer, et al.
investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe on the mental health and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of children and adolescents from the perspective of children themselves. Two-thirds of the children and adolescents reported being
highly burdened by the COVID-19 pandemic. They experienced significantly lower HRQoL and more mental health problems than before the pandemic. Children and adolescents with low socioeconomic status were affected significantly more.
Regards,
Lisa Waddell, Tricia Corrin, Rukshanda Ahmad, Robyn Odell, Maribeth Mitri, Julie Theriault, Dobrila Todoric, Alejandra Dubois, Austyn Baumeister, Anam Khan, Musaab Younis, Lien Mi Tien, Dima Ayache, Angela Sloan, Kaitlin Young, Chatura
Prematunge, Ainsley Otten, Irene Yong, Drew Greydanus, Shalane Ha, Alex Gilbert, Jessie Varga, Vanessa Zubach, Meenu Sharma, Kristyn Burak
Focus areas: Modelling/ prediction, Epidemiology, Transmission, Clinical data, Surveillance, Coronavirology, Diagnostics / Pathogen detection, Therapeutics,
Vaccine Research, Public health interventions, Public Health response, Public Health Priorities, IPAC, Health care response, immunology, economics, animal model, zoonoses, Review Literature, Commentary/Editorial, news
Domaines cibles: Modélisation/prédiction, Épidémiologie, Transmission, Données cliniques, Surveillance, Coronavirologie, Diagnostics
/ Détection d'agents pathogènes, Thérapeutique, Recherche sur les vaccins, Interventions de santé publique, Priorités de santé publique, PCI,
Réponse des soins de santé, immunologie, économie, modèle animal, zoonoses, Revue de littérature, Commentaire/Éditorial, journaux
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PUBLICATIONS |
AUTHORS / AUTEURS |
SOURCE |
FOCI / DOMAINE |
SUMMARY / SOMMAIRE |
Seroprevalence of SARS-COV-2 Antibodies in Scottish Healthcare Workers |
Abo-Leyah, Hani, Gallant, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Immunology | Immunologie |
This is a prospective observational study of health and social care workers in NHS Tayside (Scotland, UK) from May
to September 2020. The Siemens SARS-CoV-2 total antibody assay was used to establish seroprevalence in this cohort. A total of 2062 health and social care workers were recruited for this study. The participants were predominantly female (81.7%) and 95.2% were
white. 299 healthcare workers had a positive antibody test (14.5%). 11 out of 231 control sera tested positive (4.8%). Healthcare workers therefore had an increased likelihood of a positive test (OR 3.4 95% CI 1.85-6.16, p<0.0001). Dentists, healthcare assistants
and porters were the job roles most likely to test positive. Those working in front-line roles with COVID-19 patients were more likely to test positive (17.4% vs. 13.4%, p=0.02). 97.1% of patients who had previously tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR
had positive antibodies, compared to 11.8% of individuals with a symptomatic illness who had tested negative. Anosmia was the symptom most associated with the presence of detectable antibodies. |
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Ahmed, Sabbir, Yunus, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique Public Health response| Interventions
de santé publique |
Our present study was based on the national presentative publicly available two datasets. Prevalence of household handwashing was found 56.3%, and the
prevalence was significantly varied across the socio-economic status of the households (HH). We observed a higher number of COVID-19 cases (as of June 20, 2020) where there is a relatively lower prevalence of handwashing. Northern part of Bangladesh had the
highest handwashing practice whereas it had less effected by COVID-19 cases. However, central Bangladesh had the hardest hit by COVID-19 cases, and it had around 50% handwashing practice coverage. Poorer HHs, low education of the HH heads, HH with no improved
water source facility had a strong correlation with not practicing HH handwashing. |
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Outcomes of patients with End Stage Kidney Disease on dialysis with COVID-19.
From PCR to Antibody |
Ahmed, Wasim, Al Obaidli, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
The objective of this study was to describe the characteristics of patients and clinical staff who developed COVID-19 RT-PCR positivity and assess antibody
response to COVID-19. The incidence of COVID-19 infection in our population was 13%. 81% of the patients were males, average age was 53.2 ± 12 years, and 95% were on in-center haemodialysis. The majority of patients (68%) developed mild disease while 13%
required critical care. Combinations of drugs including Hydroxychloroquine, Favipiravir, Lopinavir, Ritonavir, Camostat, Tocilizumab and steroids were used based on local guidelines. The median time to viral clearance was 15 days IQR 6-26]. Overall mortality
in our cohort was 9.2%. We performed COVID-19 IgG antibody serology in a subset (n=87) of RT-PCR positive patients. Interestingly, 23 (26%) patients did not develop any antibody response. We successfully implemented a regular screening strategy for patients
and staff to identify asymptomatic carriers with an aim to isolate them from the rest of the cohort. |
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Oxyhemoglobin Saturation (SpO2) as an Early
Indicator of COVID-19: A Pilot Study |
Akerman, Michael, Lerner, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
We evaluated whether monitoring oximetry (SpO2) might improve surveillance and lead to earlier awareness of a CoVid-19 outbreak. We retrospectively analysed
daily measurements of temperature and SpO2 of residents at a skilled nursing facility in mid-Atlantic United States. We benchmarked these vitals for each resident. Spikes in individual temperature of at least 0.5°C and decreases in SpO2 of both 1% and below
95% were considered significant. Results were grouped by residents’ CoViD-19 PCR test results in order to highlight the nursing home trends. From COVID+ residents, we observed a decrease in SpO2 levels (mean baseline 95.8%, s = 1.0, to mean SpO2 of 93.5% on
the date of CoViD-19 testing, 14 days later). There was a daily downward trending of SpO2 from baseline that was discernible at least 4.8 days prior to their earliest day of temperature elevation. No similar trends were observed in the COVID- residents. The
SpO2 and temperature trends of the mixed nursing home population mirrored the COVID+ cohort. Declining SpO2 in this nursing home preceded fever by several days, SpO2 thus appears to be an early indicator of an in-progress CoViD-19 outbreak. If prospectively
substantiated, this might become a valuable tool in mitigating CoViD-19 spread in similar settings. |
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Akter, Farhana, Yao, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
The aim of the study was to describe demographics, baseline clinical characteristics, comorbidities, and outcomes, and furthermore identify risk factors
of in-hospital mortality using a large observational study cohort of COVID-19 patients in a busy hospital in London, UK. In our cohort, 393 patients with COVID-19 were identified (mean age, 67.5 years; 59% males). The majority of patients were Caucasian (66.9%)
and most common signs were cough (49.9%), fever (46.8%), and dyspnea (46.1%). A total of 161 (40.9%) of patients died within 30 days of admission. The average age in the non-survival group was older than that in the survival group (75.2 vs. 62.2 years old,
q<0.001, family discovery rate corrected). The mortality was higher in Caucasian (48.9%) than African (19.3%) and Asian patients (29.2%) (q<0.001). The median duration from symptom onset to in-hospital outcome was shorter in the non-survival group compared
to patients who were discharged home (4 vs. 7 days, q=0.021). Compared to patients who survived, comorbidities that were more commonly found in the non-survival group included cardiovascular diseases such as arrhythmia (66.0%) and pump failure (76.5%), diabetes
(50.4%), and dementia (58.3%), (q<0.05). Comparison of biochemical results reveals increased numbers of white blood cells, sodium, chloride, potassium, C-reactive protein, troponin, phosphate, urea, and creatinine in the non-survival group vs. the survival
group (q<0.05). Moreover, the cox regression model demonstrated that patients with age over 65 years old, ARDS, AKI stage III, hypernatremia, and high level of baseline serum white blood cells were independently associated with increased likelihood of in-hospital
mortality. |
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Alexander, GC, Tajanlangit, et al |
JAMA Netw Open |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
This study aimed to quantify national changes in the volume, type, and content of primary care delivered during the
COVID-19 pandemic, especially with regard to office-based vs telemedicine encounters. In the 8 calendar quarters between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2019, between 122.4 million (95% CI, 117.3-127.5 million) and 130.3 million (95% CI, 124.7-135.9 million)
quarterly primary care visits occurred in the US (mean, 125.8 million; 95% CI, 121.7-129.9 million). In 2020, the total number of encounters decreased to 117.9 million (95% CI, 112.6-123.2 million) in Q1 and 99.3 million (95% CI, 94.9-103.8 million) in Q2,
a decrease of 21.4% (27.0 million visits) from the average of Q2 levels during 2018 and 2019. Office-based visits decreased 50.2% (59.1 million visits) in Q2 of 2020 compared with Q2 2018-2019, while telemedicine visits increased from 1.1% of total Q2 2018-2019
visits (1.4 million quarterly visits) to 4.1% in Q1 of 2020 (4.8 million visits) and 35.3% in Q2 of 2020 (35.0 million visits). Telemedicine adoption occurred at similar rates among White individuals and Black individuals (19.3% vs 20.5% of patient visits,
respectively, in Q1/Q2 of 2020), varied by region (low of 15.1% of visits East North Central region], high of 26.8% of visits Pacific region]), and was not correlated with regional COVID-19 burden. CONCLUSIONS AND |
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Artigas, L, Coma, et al |
PLoS One |
Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
To find potential COVID-19 treatments among the whole arsenal of existing drugs, we combined system biology and artificial
intelligence-based approaches. The drug combination of pirfenidone and melatonin has been identified as a candidate treatment that may contribute to reduce the virus infection. Starting from different drug targets the effect of the drugs converges on human
proteins with a known role in SARS-CoV-2 infection cycle. Simultaneously, GUILDify v2.0 web server has been used as an alternative method to corroborate the effect of pirfenidone and melatonin against the infection of SARS-CoV-2. We have also predicted a potential
therapeutic effect of the drug combination over the respiratory associated pathology, thus tackling at the same time two important issues in COVID-19. These evidences, together with the fact that from a medical point of view both drugs are considered safe
and can be combined with the current standard of care treatments for COVID-19 makes this combination very attractive for treating patients at stage II, non-severe symptomatic patients with the presence of virus and those patients who are at risk of developing
severe pulmonary complications. |
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The Impact of
the Covid-19 Pandemic on Uptake of Influenza Vaccine: A UK-Wide Observational Study |
Bachtiger, Patrik, Adamson, et al |
medRxiv |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
The objective of this study was to measure the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on acceptance of flu vaccination in
the 2020-21 season. Among 6,641 respondents, 4,040 (61.1%) had previously routinely received the flu vaccination. 1,624 (24.5%) had been either previously eligible but not vaccinated (945, 58.2%) or newly eligible (679, 41.8%). In this UK-wide observational
study, Covid-19 has increased acceptance of flu vaccination in 2020/21 from 79.6% to 91.2% in those previously eligible, and for the 69% of those newly eligible. This high anticipated vaccination rate (to 26 million (80%) of the UK population) requires appropriate
planning, but can be further increased with effective messaging campaigns to address negative misconceptions about flu vaccination, which may also help in preparation for future Covid-19 vaccination. It remains of concern that 50% of healthcare professionals
who refused it previously still do not intend to have the flu vaccine. |
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Shielding the vulnerable in an epidemic: a numerical
approach |
Balkema, Guus |
arXiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Public health interventions*| Interventions
de santé publique |
The death toll for Covid-19 may be reduced by dividing the population into two classes, the vulnerable and the fit,
with different lockdown regimes. Instead of one reproduction number there now are four parameters. These make it possible to quantify the effect of the social distancing measures. There is a simple stochastic model for epidemics in a two type population. Apart
from the size of the population of the vulnerable and the fit, and the initial number of infected in the two classes, only the four reproduction parameters are needed to run the two type Reed-Frost model. The program is simple and fast. On a pc it takes less
than five minutes to do a hundred thousand simulations of the epidemic for a population of the size of the US. Epidemics are non-linear processes. Results may be counterintuitive. The average number of vulnerable persons infected by an infectious fit person
is a crucial parameter of the epidemic in the two type population. Intuitively this parameter should be small. However simulations show that even if this parameter is small the death toll may be higher than without shielding. Under certain conditions increasing
the value of the parameter may reduce the death toll. The article addresses these blind spots in our intuition. |
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Benetos, Athanase, Lai, et al |
medRxiv |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Immunology | Immunologie |
Older persons are disproportionally affected by severe COVID-19, and we hypothesized that those with short telomere
length (TL) have less capacity to mount an adequate T-cell proliferative response to SARS-CoV-2. Lymphocyte count was significantly lower in patients with COVID-19, inversely correlated with the proportion of telemeres shorter than 2 kilobases, and positively
correlated with the mean of telomeres measured by the Telomere Shortest Length Assay. These results support the hypothesis that a compromised TL-dependent T-cell proliferative response contributes to lymphopenia and the resulting disproportionate severity
of COVID-19 among old adults. |
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The Spread of COVID-19 and the BCG Vaccine:
Evidence from a Natural Experiment in Germany |
Bluhm, Richard, Pinkovskiy, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health
interventions*| Interventions de santé publique |
The hypothesis that the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine may offer protection against COVID-19 has motivated
clinical trials in several countries. We use a regression discontinuity differences-in-differences (RD-DD) design in Germany exploiting differential BCG vaccination practices in the East and in the West during 1945-90. We interpret our results as providing
evidence against the BCG hypothesis. Instead, our evidence is consistent with discontinuities in commuter flows across the former East Germany border being an important contributor to the discontinuity in COVID-19 cases. |
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Short-term outcomes of patients with neovascular exudative AMD: the effect of COVID-19
pandemic |
Borrelli, E, Grosso, et al |
Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
The purpose of this study was to estimate the impact of delayed care during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
pandemic on the outcomes of patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The COVID-19 pandemic-related postponement in patient care proved to be significantly associated with worse short-term outcomes in these patients. |
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Bouman, JudithA, Riou, et al |
bioRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection
d'agents pathogènes |
In this study, we evaluate the performance of a mixture-model approach in estimating the cumulative incidence of a
population using the quantitative serological test measurements before they have been dichotomized, i.e. categorized as "positive" or "negative" with a cutoff. We confirm that cutoff-based estimators that do not |
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Characteristics and Outcomes of 4,942 Critically
Ill Adult Patients with COVID-19 in Brazil |
Bozza, FernandoA, Bastos, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Our cohort study aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics, resource use, and risk factors associated with 30-day
in-hospital mortality of critically ill adult patients with COVID-19 requiring ICU admission in a network of Brazilian hospitals. Critically ill COVID-19 patients showed reasonable survival rates, including those requiring mechanical ventilation. Factors associated
with worse outcome were age, frailty, and early need for invasive ventilation. |
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Rates and Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Persons with Hepatitis C Virus Infection |
Butt, AA, Yan, et al |
Liver Int |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
The purpose of this study was to determine infection rate and clinical characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infection among
persons with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Among 172,235 persons with HCV, 14,305 were tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection and 892 tested positive. Those with SARS-CoV-2 infection were older, more likely to be Black, obese and have diabetes or stroke. The
degree of liver fibrosis does not appear to have an impact on infection rate. |
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Cabitza, Federico, Campagner, et al |
medRxiv |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection
d'agents pathogènes |
The hematochemical values of routine blood exams could represent a faster and less expensive alternative to rRT-PCR
tests for detection of COVID-19. Three different training data set of hematochemical values from 1,624 patients (52% COVID19 positive), admitted at San Raphael Hospital (OSR) from February to May 2020, were used for developing machine learning (ML) models.
The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for the algorithms ranged from 0.83 to 0.90. The validations also achieved good results: AUC from 0.75 to 0.78; and specificity from 0.92 to 0.96. |
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Shifts in alcohol consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic: early indications from Australia |
Callinan, S, Smit, et al |
Addiction |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
This study aimed to provide early estimates of how stress and demographics will interact with shifts in harmful alcohol
consumption from before the COVID-19 outbreak to two months into social distancing. Overall, harmful drinking decreased during social distancing measures in our sample during the pandemic. Younger drinkers decreased their consumption the most, but there was
a small increase in consumption in middle-aged women. Drinkers experiencing high levels of stress also reported a relatively higher shift in harmful consumption compared with those with low levels of stress, despite reporting a small decrease overall. |
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PMC7530846; Vaginal delivery in women with COVID-19: report of two cases |
Cao, D, Chen, et al |
BMC Pregnancy Childbirth |
Transmission Clinical data| Données cliniques |
In this study, we reported the diagnosis and treatment process of two pregnant women infected with COVID-19 who had
vaginally delivered live, full-term, singleton babies. There was no evidence of vertical transmission. |
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Theta autoregressive neural network model for COVID-19
outbreak predictions |
Chakraborty, Tanujit, Bhattacharyya, et al |
medRxiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
The main objective of this paper is to develop the most suitable forecasting model that can generate real-time short-term
(ten days) and long-term (fifty days) out-of-sample forecasts of COVID-19 outbreaks for eight profoundly affected countries, namely the United States of America, Brazil, India, Russia, South Africa, Mexico, Spain, and Iran. The proposed method outperforms
previously available single and hybrid forecasting models for COVID-19 predictions in most data sets. |
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SARS-CoV-2 proteins and anti-COVID-19 drugs induce
lytic reactivation of an oncogenic virus |
Chen, Jungang, Dai, et al |
bioRxiv |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
In the current cell culture study, we have reported that SARS-CoV-2 encoded proteins and some anti-COVID-19 drugs currently
used are able to induce lytic reactivation of Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), one of major human oncogenic viruses through manipulation of intracellular signaling pathways. Our data indicate that those KSHV+ patients especially in endemic areas
exposure to COVID-19 or undergoing the treatment may have increased risks to develop virus-associated cancers, even after they have fully recovered from COVID-19. |
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Chen, R, Yang, et al |
J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
This study aimed to investigate the association between in‐hospital blood pressure (BP) control and COVID‐19–related
outcomes and to compare the effects of different antihypertension treatments. This study included 2864 COVID‐19 patients and 1628 were hypertensive. Patients were grouped according to their BP during hospitalization and records of medication application. We
revealed that COVID‐19 patients with poor BP control during hospitalization had worse clinical outcomes. Compared with other antihypertension medicines, RAAS inhibitors were beneficial for improving clinical outcomes in COVID‐19 patients with hypertension. |
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Chen, Xin, Peng, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We aimed to identify potential risk factors and establish a nomogram prediction model for severe or critical coronavirus
disease 2019 (COVID-19) using 370 patients with COVID-19 enrolled from The Third People’s Hospital of Yichang. After propensity score matching and statistical adjustment, eight factors were significantly associated with severe or critical COVID-19 (p <0.05).
Due to strong evidence of correlation, only five factors, including diagnostic delay (OR, 95% CI, p: 1.08, 1.02 to 1.17, 0.048), albumin (0.82, 0.75 to 0.91, <0.001), lactate dehydrogenase (1.56, 1.14 to 2.13, 0.011), white blood cell (1.27, 1.08 to 1.5, 0.004),
and neutrophil (1.40, 1.16 to 1.7, <0.001), remained for model construction and prediction performance assessment. The nomogram model based on the five factors has a good prediction capability and accuracy (C-index: 90.6%). |
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Collard, Didier, Nurmohamed, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We evaluated the time-to-event relationship between hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and COVID-19 outcomes using
data from the prospective Dutch COVID-PREDICT cohort. We found that the accumulation of hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes leads to a stepwise increased risk for short-term mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients independent of age and sex. |
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Cusacovich, Ivan, Aparisi, et al |
medRxiv |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
The objective of this multi-center retrospective cohort study was to assess the influence of corticosteroid pulses
on 60-days mortality in hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19, intensive care admission, and hospital stay. Mortality differences remained in the propensity score matching (PSM) group (log-rank 5.31, p=0,021) and were still significant after a Cox regression
model (HR for corticosteroid pulses 0,561, p= 0,039). There were no significant differences in intensive care admission rate (p=0,173). The hospital stay was longer in the corticosteroid group (p<0,001). |
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d'Alessandro, M, Bergantini, et al |
J Med Virol |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Immunology | Immunologie |
This retrospective study aimed to investigate how a combination of COVID-19 severity markers could be helpful in the
clinical management of these patients. We observed significantly higher serum KL-6 values, lower CD3-, CD8- and CD45-lymphocyte counts and NK cells in severe than in non-severe patients. Our findings support the hypothesis that NK population plays an important
role as first-line defence with cytotoxic immune activity against SARS-Cov2 infection. |
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Deb, Chirajyoti, Salinas, et al |
medRxiv |
Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes |
In this study, we applied a previously developed nanoparticle-enabled blood test to analyze the immune response in
relation to disease severity in COVID-19 patients. From the testing of 153 COVID-19 patient samples and 142 negative controls, we detected statistically significant differences between COVID-19 patients with no or mild symptoms from those who developed moderate
to severe symptoms. |
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PMC7531068; Impact of COVID-19 on patient-doctor interaction in a complex radiation
therapy facility |
Desideri, I, Francolini, et al |
Support Care Cancer |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
Our aim was to prospectively assess patient satisfaction about doctor–patient interaction in a high-volume radiation
therapy and oncology center during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy. Of the 125 patients who completed our questionnaire most (89.6%) rated their treatment good, very good, or excellent. The average Global Health Status (GHS) of EORTC QLQ-C30 was 61.67. Emotional
functioning, social, and cognitive domains obtained scores of 75.48, 80.13, and 84.67, respectively. FACIT-TS-G results revealed 120 patients rated the treatments effective and 108 patients thought the side effects were the same as expected or better. |
|
Di Nardo, M, Hoskote, et al |
Asaio j |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
The objective of this prospective survey was to provide contemporaneous data on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
(ECMO) utilization in neonatal and pediatric centers. In this study we report on preliminary data on the treatment and clinical outcomes in seven children from four countries. |
|
|
Díaz-Salazar, Cristina, Sánchez-García, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques Immunology | Immunologie |
We aimed to determine the prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and define the clinical and demographic characteristics
associated with seroprevalence in a institutionalized population in Mexico. Of the 3,268 participants included, 193 (5.9%, 95% CI 5.1-6.8) tested positive for IgM/IgG against SARS-CoV-2. Adjusted prevalence by the immunoassay diagnostic performance resulted
in a prevalence of 5.7 (95% CI 4.9-6.6). Gender, city of residence, and comorbidities did not show any association with having IgM/IgG antibodies. A total of 114 out of 193 (59.1%) subjects with a positive test were asymptomatic, and the odds of being positive
were higher in those who reported symptoms of COVID-19 in the previous four weeks to the survey (OR 4.1, 95% CI 2.9-5.5). |
|
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Quantifying the dynamics of COVID-19 burden and impact
of interventions in Java, Indonesia |
Djaafara, BimandraA, Whittaker, et al |
medRxiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health
interventions*| Interventions de santé publique |
Transmission estimates using this metric follow mobility trends, suggesting earlier and more sustained intervention
impact than observed in routine data. Modelling suggests interventions have lessened spread to rural, older communities with weaker healthcare systems, though predict healthcare capacity will soon be exceeded in much of Java without further control. |
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Investigation on the mental health status of pregnant women in
China during the Pandemic of COVID-19 |
Dong, H, Hu, et al |
Arch Gynecol Obstet |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
This study aimed to evaluate the anxiety and depression in pregnant women in China, and its influencing factors during
the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. A total of 13 non-homologous end-joining (8.3%, 13/156) patients were anxious, 79 patients (50.6%, 79/156) were depressed, and 13 patients (8.3%, 13/156) suffered from both anxiety and depression. |
|
Drake, TM, Docherty, et al |
Am J Respir Crit Care Med |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Objectives: To assess outcomes in patients with Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) hospitalized for COVID-19 versus those
without ILD. Data from 349 patients with ILD across Europe were included, of whom 161 were admitted to hospital with laboratory or clinical evidence of COVID-19 and eligible for propensity-score matching. Overall mortality was 49% (79/161) in patients with
ILD with COVID-19. After matching ILD patients with COVID-19 had higher mortality (HR 1.60, Confidence Intervals 1.17-2.18 p=0.003) compared with age, sex and co-morbidity matched controls without ILD. Patients with a Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) of <80% had
an increased risk of death versus patients with FVC ≥80% (HR 1.72, 1.05-2.83). Furthermore, obese patients with ILD had an elevated risk of death (HR 2.27, 1.39−3.71). |
|
|
Du, Wei, Shi, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
There were 114 PCR confirmed, 17 serology confirmed and 21 clinically diagnosed patients included. Time from onset
of disease to the first PCR and admission were similar among the groups. Compared with PCR-confirmed patients, serology-confirmed patients were older and likely to have hypertension, vomiting, or symptoms of chest pain and dyspnea. Regarding imaging manifestations,
serology-confirmed patients were more prone to pleural effusion. In addition, higher levels of C-reactive protein, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, total bilirubin, D-dimer, fibrinogen, troponin, interleukin-6 and IL-8 were also found. Although with similar
mortality, serology confirmed patients were more likely to have disease progression. High levels of D-dimer and IL-6 were possibly the underlying factors leading to their worse prognosis. On the other hand, clinically diagnosed patients were more similar to
PCR-confirmed patients. |
|
|
Dyrdak, Robert, Hodcroft, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
The four seasonal coronaviruses 229E, NL63, OC43, and HKU1 are frequent causes of respiratory infections and show annual
and seasonal variation. Increased understanding about these patterns could be informative about the epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2.. Results from PCR diagnostics for the seasonal coronaviruses, and other respiratory viruses, were obtained for 55,190 clinical samples
analyzed at the Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden, between 14 September 2009 and 2 April 2020. Seasonal coronaviruses were detected in 2,130 samples (3.9%). OC43 was most commonly detected (28.4% of detections), followed by NL63 (24.0%), HKU1
(17.6%), and 229E (15.3%). The overall fraction of positive samples was relatively similar between seasons. In contrast, at species level there was distinct pattern of biennial alternating peak seasons for the Alphacoronaviruses, 229E and NL63, and the Betacoronaviruses,
OC43 and HKU1, respectively. The Betacoronaviruses peaked earlier in the winter season (Dec-Jan) than the Alphacoronaviruses (Feb-Mar). Coronaviruses were detected across all ages, but diagnostics were more frequently requested for paediatric patients than
adults and the elderly. The species showed different age distributions, with OC43 and 229E positivity being relatively constant across age strata, while the incidence of NL63 and HKU1 decreased with age. |
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PMC7531266; Assessment of Cardiac Arrhythmic Risk in Children
With Covid-19 Infection |
Ece, İ, Koçoğlu, et al |
Pediatr Cardiol |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
The study aims to investigate the effects of COVID-19 infection with asymptomatic and mild symptoms on trans-myocardial
repolarization parameters in children without treatment. A total of 105 COVID-19 patients were compared with 40 healthy children. In the COVID-19 group, QTd, QTcd, Tp-e, Tp-e dispersion, Tp-e/QT ratio and Tp-e/QTc ratio were statistically higher than the control
group. The ventricular repolarization was impaired even in asymptomatic children with COVID-19 infection. |
|
Exhaled aerosol increases with COVID-19 infection,
and risk factors of disease symptom severity |
Edwards, DavidA, Ausiello, et al |
medRxiv |
Transmission Animal model | Modèle animal |
We studied respiratory droplet generation and exhalation in human and nonhuman primate subjects with and without COVID-19
infection to explore whether SARS-CoV-2 infection, and other changes in physiological state, translates into observable evolution of numbers and sizes of exhaled respiratory droplets in healthy and diseased subjects. In our observational cohort study of the
exhaled breath particles of 74 healthy human subjects, and in our experimental infection study of eight nonhuman primates infected by aerosol with SARS-CoV-2, we found that exhaled aerosol particles increase one to three orders of magnitude with aging, high
BMI, and COVID-19 infection. These variances appear to be related to changes in airway mucus surface composition and the propensity for mucus surfaces to breakup into small droplets during acts of breathing. We also observed that 20% of those participating
in our human study accounted for 80% of the overall exhaled bioaerosol, reflecting a bioaerosol distribution analogous to a classical 20:80 super spreader distribution. |
|
Erol, Mustafa Kemal, Kayikcioglu, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
We compared treatment delays and outcomes of patients with acute MI in Covid-19 pandemic period with a recent pre-pandemic
registry conducted at the same centres. Besides the overall 47·1% reduction in acute MI admissions, there was a significant patient related treatment delay during the pandemic. Although PCI was performed in a timely fashion, increase in total ischaemic time
and decrease in PCI might be responsible for the increased risk of MACE in acute MI. |
|
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Risk factors for myocardial injury in patients with coronavirus disease
2019 in China |
Fan, Q, Zhu, et al |
ESC Heart Fail |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We aimed to determine the characteristics of myocardial injury and define the association between routine blood markers
and cardiac troponin I, in order to perform a predictive model. Of 353 patients included in the study, 79 presented myocardial injury. Patients with myocardial injury had higher levels of inflammation markers, poorer liver and kidney function, and more complications
compared with patients without myocardial injury. High‐sensitivity cardiac troponin I levels were significantly associated with neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, creatinine, d‐dimer, lactate dehydrogenase, and inflammatory cytokines and negatively associated with
oxygen saturation. It was significantly associated with poor prognosis after adjusting for age, sex, and complications. Multivariate regression showed that myocardial injury was associated with a high neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (odds ratio 2.30, 95% CI 1.11–4.75,
per standard deviation increase, P = 0.02), creatinine (3.58, 1.35–8.06, P = 0.01), and lactate dehydrogenase (3.39, 1.42–8.06, P = 0.01) levels. Using a predictive model, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.92 (0.88–0.96). |
|
Feng, Z, Yu, et al |
Nat Commun |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques Diagnostics / Pathogen
detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes |
Here we conducted a multicenter retrospective study involving patients with moderate COVID-19 pneumonia to investigate
the utility of chest computed tomography (CT) and clinical characteristics to risk-stratify the patients. Our results show that CT severity score is associated with inflammatory levels and that older age, higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and CT
severity score on admission are independent risk factors for short-term progression. The nomogram based on these risk factors shows good calibration and discrimination in the derivation and validation cohorts. |
|
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Immunological and virological profile of children with chilblain-like
lesions and SARS-CoV-2 |
Fertitta, L, Welfringer, et al |
J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques Immunology | Immunologie |
The link between SARS-CoV-2 and the reported cutaneous manifestations has not been established. We assessed a possible
correlation between the paediatric dermatological manifestations and the biological investigations, using for the first time 3 different SARS-CoV-2 tests. |
|
Fileti, L, Vecchio, et al |
J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
Verify the impact on the number and characteristics of coronary invasive procedures for acute coronary syndrome (ACS)
during the first month of lockdown following the COVID-19 pandemic. Observed a 23.4% reduction in ACS admissions during 2020, with a decrease for both ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) (-5.6%) and non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (-34.5%), albeit
not statistically significant (P = 0.2). During the first 15 days of the examined periods, the reduction in ACS admissions reached 52.5% (-25% for STEMI and -70.3% for non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction, P = 0.04). Percutaneous coronary intervention procedural
success and in-hospital mortality were not different between the two groups and in STEMI patients |
|
|
COVID-19-lockdown impact and vulnerability factors
on cognitive functioning and mental health |
Fiorenzato, Eleonora, Zabberoni, et al |
medRxiv |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
Explored the effect of COVID-19-lockdown on subjective cognitive functioning as well as mental health, in terms of
its prevalence and clinical severity. In addition, potential risk factors characterizing more vulnerable groups were investigated. Researchers found that lockdown can have a severe impact on subjective cognitive functioning, along with mental health disorders.
Namely, under restrictions, cognitive complaints were mostly perceived in everyday tasks involving attention, temporal orientation and executive functions; while no changes in language abilities were reported. Conversely, a paradoxical effect was observed
in memory domain, with people experiencing a reduction of memory failures compared to pre-lockdown times. Being female, young (<45 years), repeatedly exposed to COVID-19-media, working from home or being unemployed were identified as relevant risk factors
for experiencing cognitive worsening and mental health disorders, related to the COVID-19 lockdown. Being resident in high infection-prevalence areas was related to higher level of depression and health anxiety. |
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PMC7530349; HLA and immunological features of SARS-CoV-2-induced Guillain-Barré
syndrome |
Gigli, GL, Vogrig, et al |
Neurol Sci |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Report the clinical and immunological features in a case of SARS-CoV-2-induced Guillain-Barré syndrome (Si-GBS), suggesting
that (1) Si-GBS can develop even after paucisymptomatic COVID-19 infection; (2) a distinctive cytokine repertoire is associated with this autoimmune complication, with increased CSF concentration of IL-8, and moderately increased serum levels of IL-6, IL-8,
and TNF-α; (3) a particular genetic predisposition can be relevant, since the patient carried several HLA alleles known to be associated with GBS. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were detected in the CSF, further strengthening the role of the virus as a trigger. |
|
Go, S, Jeong, et al |
Mil Med |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
Share the experiences of overcoming a local public health crisis with military medical cooperation and discusses what
is necessary to establish a medical facility that is prepared for a future public health crisis from possible novel infectious diseases. Transformed a military hospital to the Infectious Disease Task Force Hospital (IDTFH) and operated it in response to a
public health crisis. Established a negative-pressured facility with 300 beds in just 1 week. Complete cooperation between the military, public health authority, and civilians is crucial to the proper management of public health crisis. |
|
|
Goh, GK, Dunker, et al |
J Proteome Res |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
A model that predicts levels of coronavirus (CoV) respiratory and fecal-oral transmission potentials based on the shell
disorder has been built using neural network (artificial intelligence, AI) analysis of the percentage of disorder (PID) in the nucleocapsid, N, and membrane, M, proteins of the inner and outer viral shells, respectively. Using primarily the PID of N, SARS-CoV-2
is grouped as having intermediate levels of both respiratory and fecal-oral transmission potentials. Greater disorder in inner shell proteins has been known to play important roles in the rapid replication of viruses by enhancing the efficiency pertaining
to protein-protein/DNA/RNA/lipid bindings. This paper suggests a novel strategy in attenuating viruses involving comparison of disorder patterns of inner shells (N) of related viruses to identify residues and regions that could be ideal for mutation. |
|
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COVID-19 Classification of X-ray Images Using Deep
Neural Networks |
Goldstein, Elisha, Keidar, et al |
medRxiv |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection
d'agents pathogènes |
Created and evaluated a machine learning model for diagnosis of COVID-19, and to provide a tool for searching for similar
patients according to their X-ray scans. Our model achieved 89.7% (314/350) accuracy and 87.1% (156/179) sensitivity in classification of COVID-19 on a test dataset comprising 15% (350 of 2326) of the original data, with AUC of ROC 0.95 and AUC of the P-R
curve 0.94. |
|
Goodall, Jack, Reed, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Evaluated the predictive value of admission blood results and clinical observations and outcomes of COVID-19. The study
cohort consisted of 981 patients. During the study period, 354 (36.0%) patients died. Age (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.53), respiratory disease (aHR 1.37), immunosuppression (aHR 2.23), higher respiratory rate (aHR 1.28), hypoxia (aHR 1.36), Glasgow Coma
Score <15 (aHR 1.92), higher urea levels (aHR 2.67), higher alkaline phosphatase (aHR 2.53), higher CRP (aHR 1.15), higher lactate levels (aHR 2.67), lower platelet counts (aHR 0.77) and pulmonary infiltrates on chest radiograph (aHR 1.89) were all associated
with increased mortality. Sex and ethnicity were not associated with mortality. |
|
|
Guadalajara, Hector, Muñoz de Nova, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
Evaluated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the presentation and treatment acute surgical inflammatory processes
(ASIP) and quantify the effect of COVID-19 infection on the outcomes of ASIP patients. The number of patients treated for ASIP in 2019 was 822 compared to 521 in 2020. This reduction occurs mainly in patients with mild cases, while the number of severe cases
was similar. We also found a more conservative approach to the patients this year, non-justified by clinical circumstances. The positive COVID-19 status itself did not have a direct impact on either morbidity or mortality. |
|
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Potent mouse monoclonal antibodies that block SARS-CoV-2
infection |
Guo, Youjia, Kawaguchi, et al |
bioRxiv |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Immunology | Immunologie Animal model | Modèle animal |
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has developed
into a global pandemic since its first outbreak in the winter of 2019. An extensive investigation of SARS-CoV-2 is critical for disease control. Various recombinant monoclonal antibodies of human origin that neutralize SARS-CoV-2 infection have been isolated
from convalescent patients and will be applied as therapies and prophylaxis. However, the need for dedicated monoclonal antibodies in molecular pathology research is not fully addressed. Here, we produced mouse anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike monoclonal antibodies that
exhibit not only robust performance in immunoassays including western blotting, ELISA, immunofluorescence, and immunoprecipitation, but also neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro. Our monoclonal antibodies are of mouse origin, making
them compatible with the experimental immunoassay setups commonly used in basic molecular biology research laboratories, and large-scale production and easy distribution are guaranteed by conventional mouse hybridoma technology.Competing Interest StatementThe
authors have declared no competing interest. |
|
Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19
in Brazil using digital technology |
Hajar, Faissal Nemer, Fernandes-Silva, et al |
medRxiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
Estimated the number of COVID-19 cases in Brazil on a national and regional level using digital technology. After calibration
weighing, we estimated that 10 339 461 cases of COVID-19 occurred, yielding a 2.75 estimated infection per officially reported case. Estimated/reported ratios varied across Brazilian states and were higher in states with lower human development indexes. Areas
with lower income levels displayed higher rates of COVID-19 cases, but presented lower rates of COVID-19 testing. |
|
Application of the Health Action Process Approach to Social Distancing Behavior During
COVID-19 |
Hamilton, K, Smith, et al |
Appl Psychol Health Well Being |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
Examined the social cognition determinants of social distancing behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic in samples from
Australia and the US guided by the health action process approach (HAPA). Single-indicator structural equation models that excluded and included past behavior exhibited adequate fit with the data. Intention and action control were significant predictors of
social distancing behavior in both samples, and intention predicted action and coping planning in the US sample. Self-efficacy and action control were significant predictors of intention in both samples, with attitudes predicting intention in the Australia
sample and risk perceptions predicting intention in the US sample. Significant indirect effects of social cognition constructs through intentions were observed. |
|
Prevention and Control Strategies Based on
the Epidemiology of Imported COVID-19 in Mainland China |
Han, Ning, Li, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique |
This study collected the epidemiologic information of imported cases in Mainland China. A total of 1610 cases of COVID-19
were imported from 49 countries and regions to 27 provincial administrative regions. 79.81% cases were imported from European countries and the United States. Before 29 March, the imported cases were mainly from the United States (27.66%) and United Kingdom
(42.55%). After 29 March 2020, the daily newly imported cases from Russia rapidly growed. After 12 April, the number of daily newly imported cases gradually decreased and remained at a low level (12±7 cases per day). Airport entry was encouraged and ground
crossing entry was limited with the help of dynamic surveillance of the weekly proportion of confirmed cases at ports. 54.04% imported confirmed cases were in the asymptomatic incubation period on arrival in Mainland China. The compulsory centralized quarantine
decreased the risk of onward transmission from imported cases compared to home quarantine ( P <0.05). |
|
Hayashi, Takuma, Yaegashi, et al |
medRxiv |
Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique |
This study examined the correlation between the three factors of the number of people with each seasonal infectious
disease, the mask wearing rate, and the outing rate, and created a three-dimensional scatter plot based on these three factors using principal component analysis. The research findings demonstrated preventive effect of no going out against co-infection with
the seasonal influenza and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). |
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Prevalence of voice disorders in healthcare workers in the universal masking COVID-19 era |
Heider, CA, Álvarez, et al |
Laryngoscope |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
This Cross-sectional study determined the prevalence and associated risk factors of voice disorders in healthcare workers
of high-risk hospital care units during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 221 healthcare workers answered the survey. Nearly 33% of them reported having trouble with their voice during the last month, and 26.24% had an abnormal score in the spanish validated
Voice Handicap Index VHI-10 questionnaire. The mean VHI-10 score was 7.92 (95% CI 6.98-8.85). The number of working hours, the number of hours of mask daily use, simultaneous surgical and self-filtering mask use, and working in intermediate or intensive care
units were independent variables significantly associated with a higher VHI-10 score. |
|
A Theory of Voluntary Testing and Self-isolation
in an Ongoing Pandemic |
Hellmann, ThomasF, Thiele, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique |
This paper focused on the diagnostic problem and examined a new paradigm of voluntary self-testing by private individuals.
People without symptoms face daily choices of either taking the risk of going out (to work and socialize), versus staying at home in self-isolation. The theory shows that two types of people voluntary test themselves: those who otherwise would have self-isolated,
and those who would have gone out indiscriminately. Our central insight is that the equilibrium infection risk falls when home-based testing becomes cheaper and easier to use, even if tests are not always accurate. Our results challenge the clinical mainstream
view that diagnostic testing is a prerogative of the medical profession, and supports the notion that frequent self-testing is vital for an economy facing an ongoing pandemic. |
|
Safe and effective two-in-one replicon-and-VLP minispike
vaccine for COVID-19 |
Hennrich, AlexandruA, Banda, et al |
bioRxiv |
Vaccine Research| Recherche sur les vaccins Immunology | Immunologie Animal model |
Modèle animal |
This paper reports on developing a safe single round rhabdovirus replicon vaccine platform for enhanced presentation
of the S receptor-binding domain (RBD). Structure-guided design was employed to build a chimeric minispike comprising the globular RBD linked to a transmembrane stem-anchor sequence derived from rabies virus (RABV) glycoprotein (G). Vesicular stomatitis virus
(VSV) and RABV replicons encoding the minispike not only allowed expression of the antigen at the cell surface but also incorporation into the envelope of secreted non-infectious particles, thus combining classic vector-driven antigen expression and particulate
virus-like particle (VLP) presentation. A single dose of a prototype replicon vaccine, VSVΔG-minispike-eGFP (G), stimulated high titers of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies in mice, equivalent to those found in COVID-19 patients. |
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Survival of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus on the human skin: Importance of hand hygiene
in COVID-19 |
Hirose, R, Ikegaya, et al |
Clin Infect Dis |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Infection Prevention and Control/ Prévention et contrôle
des infections (IPAC/PCI) |
This study evaluated the stability of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus (IAV), mixed with culture medium or upper respiratory
mucus, on human skin surfaces and the dermal disinfection effectiveness of 80% (w/w) ethanol against SARS-CoV-2 and IAV. SARS-CoV-2 and IAV were inactivated more rapidly on skin surfaces than on other surfaces (stainless steel/glass/plastic); the survival
time was significantly longer for SARS-CoV-2 than for IAV 9.04 h (95% confidence interval: 7.96-10.2 h) vs. 1.82 h (1.65-2.00 h)]. IAV on other surfaces was inactivated faster in mucus versus medium conditions, while SARS-CoV-2 showed similar stability in
the mucus and medium; the survival time was significantly longer for SARS-CoV-2 than for IAV 11.09 h (10.22-12.00 h) vs. 1.69 h (1.57-1.81 h)]. Moreover, both SARS-CoV-2 and IAV in the mucus/medium on human skin were completely inactivated within 15 s by ethanol
treatment. |
|
How to Go Viral: A Covid-19 Model with Endogenously
Time-Varying Parameters |
Ho, Paul, Lubik, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
This paper estimates a panel model with endogenously time-varying parameters for COVID-19 cases and deaths in U.S.
states. The functional form for infections incorporates important features of epidemiological models but is flexibly parameterized to capture different trajectories of the pandemic. Daily deaths are modeled as a spike-and-slab regression on lagged cases. The
paper's Bayesian estimation reveals that social distancing and testing have significant effects on the parameters. For example, a 10 percentage point increase in the positive test rate is associated with a 2 percentage point increase in the death rate among
reported cases. The model forecasts perform well, even relative to models from epidemiology and statistics. |
|
DICE: Deep Significance Clustering for Outcome-Driven
Stratification |
Huang, Yufang |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
This paper presents deep significance clustering (DICE), a framework for jointly performing representation learning
and clustering for "outcome-driven" stratification. The performance of DICE was evaluated using two datasets with different outcome ratios extracted from real-world electronic health records of patients who were treated for coronavirus disease 2019 and heart
failure. Outcomes are defined as in-hospital mortality (15.9%) and discharge home (36.8%), respectively. Results show that DICE has superior performance as measured by the difference in outcome distribution across clusters, Silhouette score, Calinski-Harabasz
index, and Davies-Bouldin index for clustering, and Area under the ROC Curve for outcome classification compared to baseline approaches. |
|
Jin, Xiaotong, Huang, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
This study explored the affect of public health emergencies on altruistic behaviors in the context of COVID-19. Findings
showed that the severity of the pandemic had both positive and negative effects on altruistic behaviors. Empathy mediated the positive relationship between the severity of the pandemic and altruistic behavior, while the sense of control mediated the negative
effect between the severity of the pandemic and altruistic behavior. |
|
|
Jin, Zhi-Cheng, Chen, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
This study evaluated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the intervals and outcomes of Transarterial chemoembolization
(TACE) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. 154 patients (71 in the study group, 83 in the control group) were enrolled. The median TACE interval in the study group was 82·0 days (IQR, 61–109), longer than 66·0 days (IQR, 51–94) in the control group
(p=0·004). The ORR was 23·9% in the study group, while 39·8% in the control group (p=0·037). The cut-off value was 95 days. The group (OR, 2·402; 95% CI, 1·040–5·546; p=0·040), the long interval (OR, 2·573; 95% CI, 1·022–6·478; p=0·045), and the stage system
(OR, 2·500; 95% CI, 1·797–3·480; p<0·001) were independent predictors. |
|
|
Jindal, Har Ashish, Sahoo, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
Aim: To assess the association of SARSCoV-2 CFR with Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALY) of various morbidities in
the Low-Middle Income Countries and High-Income Countries. Methods: Our study analysed 177 countries data that were stratified in two groups on the basis of Gross Domestic Product as – Low Income and High-Income Groups. The CFR was calculated and analysed
using Pearson correlation and Linear regression. Results: The median global case fatality rate of SARS CoV -2 was 2.15. The median CFR among Low-Middle Income Countries (N-60) and High Income Countries(N=117) were 2.01(0.00-28.20) and 2.29(0.00- 17.26)
respectively. The regression analysis found that in low- middle income and high income countries, the burden of maternal disorders were associated with higher SARS CoV-2 CFR while Tuberculosis, Mental health disorders & substance abuse were associated with
lower SARS CoV-2 CFR. In low-middle income countries, musculoskeletal disorders and nutritional deficiencies were associated with higher CFR while respiratory disorders were associated with lower CFR. In High Income Countries, burden of neurological disorders
and other NCDs were also associated with higher CFR while Malaria & neglected tropical diseases and Neonatal disorders had an associated with lower CFR. |
|
|
Juang, DuaneS, Juang, et al |
medRxiv |
Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes |
Here we report a novel Oil Immersed Lossless Total Analysis System (OIL-TAS), which integrates RNA extraction and detection
onto a single device that is simple, rapid, cost effective, uses minimal supplies and requires reduced infrastructure to perform. We validated the performance of OIL-TAS using contrived samples containing inactivated SARS-CoV-2 viral particles, which show
that the assay can reliably detect an input concentration of 10 copies/μL and sporadically detect down to 1 copy/μL. The OIL-TAS method can serve as a faster, cheaper, and easier-to-deploy alternative to current qPCR-based methods for infectious disease testing. |
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|
Kasahun, GG, Kahsay, et al |
BMC Health Serv Res |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
METHODS: A qualitative study was conducted in six pharmacies in Aksum, Ethiopia in May, 2020. We conducted six in-depth
interviews with purposively selected key informants. Direct observation measures were made to assess the activities made in the medicine retail outlets for the prevention and control of the pandemic. Interview data were audio-recorded, translated and transcribed
verbatim. RESULTS: The thematic analysis has resulted in seven major themes. Good preparedness measures were undertaken to control and prevent COVID-19. Study informants had good knowledge about the pandemic disease and reported they had used different resource
materials to update themselves. Preparing of alcohol-based hand-rub, availing finished sanitizers and alcohol, and advising clients to maintain physical distancing were the major counseling information being delivered to prevent the disease. Some tendencies
of irrational drug use and false claims of COVID-19 were observed at the beginning of the pandemic. Interview informants had reported they were working with relevant stakeholders and appropriate patient education and support were given to combat the pandemic. |
|
|
Kasela, Silva, Ortega, et al |
medRxiv |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We found that ACE2 expression was higher in relation to active smoking, obesity, and hypertension that are known risk
factors of COVID-19 severity, while an association with interferon-related inflammation was driven by the truncated, non-binding ACE2 isoform. We discovered that expression patterns of a suppressed airway immune response to early SARS-CoV-2 infection, compared
to other viruses, are similar to patterns associated with obesity, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease, which may thus contribute to a COVID-19-susceptible airway environment. eQTL mapping identified regulatory variants for genes implicated in COVID-19,
some of which had pheWAS evidence for their potential role in respiratory infections. These data provide evidence that clinically relevant variation in the expression of COVID-19-related genes is associated with host factors, environmental exposures, and likely
host genetic variation. |
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PMC7530866; The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on cardiac surgery in Israel |
Keizman, E, Ram, et al |
J Cardiothorac Surg |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
The aim of this study is to characterize the impact of COVID-19 on cardiac surgery in Israel. METHODS: This is a retrospective
observational study performed in two cardiac surgery departments in Israel and includes all patients who underwent cardiac surgery in March and April during the years 2019 and 2020. The patient cohort was divided into two groups based on the year of operation.
Analysis of the patients' baseline characteristics, operative data, and postoperative outcome, was performed. RESULTS: The 2019 group (n = 173), and the 2020 group (n = 108) were similar regarding their baseline characteristics, previous medical history, and
rates of previous revascularization interventions. However, compared to the 2019 group, patients in the 2020 group were found to be more symptomatic. While all patients underwent similar procedures, patients in the 2020 group had significantly longer procedural
time. In-hospital mortality rate was found to be significantly higher in group 2020 |
|
Data-driven Adaptive Robust Optimization for Resource Sharing During a Pandemic |
Keyvanshokooh, Esmaeil, Fattahi, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
In this paper, we develop a novel data-driven adaptive robust optimization methodology for the allocation and relocation
of mechanical ventilators among different states and counties. This methodology considers uncertainty in the rate of disease spread, and therefore demand for ventilators, in various states and counties by leveraging a powerful microsimulation model of COVID-19
spread and intervention. Our main theoretical contribution lies in a new policy-guided model, which mitigates some critical limitations of current robust policies and stochastic programming approaches and makes the resource sharing decisions implementable
in practice. Proof of concept will be given for the allocation and relocation of ventilators among a subset of states in the U.S. Our method can be adapted to any state or county and can consider other portable resources such as healthcare personnel, personal
protective equipment, and point-of-care testing units. |
|
Tracing and testing the COVID-19 contact chain: cost-benefit
tradeoffs |
Kim, Jungyeol, Chen, et al |
medRxiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Public health interventions*| Interventions
de santé publique |
We investigate the costs and benefits of testing the contact chain of an individual who tests positive and discover
that it can both substantially reduce the cumulative infection count over time and reduce the testing load over time. We also discover a phenomenon of diminishing return beyond a threshold value on the depth of the chain to be tested in one go, the threshold
then provides the most desirable tradeoff between benefit in terms of reducing the cumulative infection count and cost in terms of increasing the testing load. Our findings obtained through extensive simulations over a diverse set of contact topologies, start221
ing from data-driven time-varying networks to static synthetic networks show that multi-hop testing has the potential to substantially reduce total number of infections (which would in turn reduce fatalities and treatment load on healthcare facilities) and
reduce overall testing load. It also helps contain COVID-19 outbreaks within shorter times and reduces average daily new infection counts, specifically in the period up to when the daily new infection count peaks, which would in turn reduce the treatment load
on healthcare facilities during the peak period. |
|
Klompmaker, JochemO, Hart, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
We evaluated whether greenness is related to COVID-19 incidence and mortality in the United States. Methods: We downloaded
data on COVID-19 cases and deaths for each US county up through June 7, 2020, from Johns Hopkins University, Center for Systems Science and Engineering Coronavirus Resource Center. We used April-May 2020 Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data,
to represent the greenness exposure during the initial COVID-19 outbreak in the US. Findings: An increase of 0·1 in NDVI was associated with a 6% decrease in COVID-19 incidence rate. Associations with COVID-19 incidence were stronger in counties with high
population density and high median home values, and in counties with stay-at-home orders. Greenness was not associated with COVID-19 mortality in all counties; however, it was protective in counties with high percentages of Black residents, high median home
value, and higher population density. |
|
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Room-temperature neutron and X-ray data collection of 3CL M(pro) from SARS-CoV-2 |
Kneller, DW, Phillips, et al |
Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
Here, we report the crystallization of, and X-ray and neutron diffraction data collection from, a large SARS-CoV-2
3CL Mpro crystal of 0.3 mm3 in volume. We demonstrate that neutron diffraction-quality crystals of this enzyme can be grown successfully using a microseeding crystallization technique. The crystal of hydrogenous H/D-exchanged 3CL Mpro diffracted X-rays to
a resolution of 2.3 Å and neutrons to a resolution of 2.5 Å at room temperature. |
|
How informative are web searches for risk communication during COVID-19
in Germany? |
Kristensen, Kaja, Lorenz, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
We hypothesize that the relative search volume from Google Trends could be used as an indicator of public concern towards
prevention measures as well as of the adequacy of the official messages spread. Methods: The search terms ‘RKI’, ‘corona’ and ‘protective mask’ in German language were shortlisted. Cross-correlations between these terms and the reported cases from February
15th to April 27th were conducted for each German federal state. The findings were contrasted against a timeline of official communications concerning COVID-19. Results: The highest correlations of the term ‘RKI’ (Robert Koch Institute, national public health
authority in Germany) with reported COVID-19 cases were found between lags of -2 and -12 days, meaning web searches were already performed two to twelve days before case numbers increased. A similar pattern was seen for the term ‘corona’. Cross-correlations
indicated that most searches on ‘protective mask’ were performed six to twelve days after the increase of cases. |
|
Krueger, Lisa Johanna, Gaeddert, et al |
medRxiv |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection
d'agents pathogènes |
Reliable point-of-care (POC) diagnostics not requiring laboratory infrastructure could be a game changer in the COVID-19
pandemic, particularly in the Global South. We assessed performance, limit of detection (LOD) and ease-of-use of three antigen-detecting, rapid POC diagnostics (Ag-RDT) for SARS-CoV-2. Methods: This prospective, multi-centre diagnostic accuracy study, recruited
participants suspected to have SARS-CoV2 in Germany and UK. Paired nasopharyngeal swabs (NP) or NP and/or oropharyngeal swabs (OP) were collected from participants (one for clinical real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and one
for Ag-RDT testing). Performance of each of three Ag-RDTs was compared to RT-PCR overall, and according to predefined subcategories. Results: Between April 17th and August 25th, 2020, 2417 participants were enrolled, with 70 (3.0%) testing positive by RT-PCR.
The best-performing test (SD Biosensor, Inc. STANDARD Q) was 76.6% sensitive and 99.3% specific. A sub-analysis showed all samples with RT-PCR CT-values <25 were detectable by STANDARD Q. The test was considered easy-to-use (SUS 86/100) and suitable for POC.
Bioeasy and Coris showed specificity of 93.1% and 95.8%, respectively, not meeting the predefined target of ≥98%. |
|
|
Lancman, G, Mascarenhas, et al |
J Hematol Oncol |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Here, we report a case of a 55-year-old female recently recovered COVID-19 patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy,
particularly lymphocyte- and antibody-depleting therapy, and raises new questions about the potential of SARS-CoV-2 reactivation. |
|
|
Web and phone-based COVID-19 syndromic surveillance in Canada: A cross-sectional
study |
Lapointe-Shaw, L, Rader, et al |
PLoS One |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques Surveillance |
Our study objective was to describe the characteristics, symptoms, and self-reported testing rates of respondents in
three different COVID-19 symptom surveys in Canada. We found that over March- April 2020, 1.6% of respondents experienced a symptom on the day of their survey, 15% of Ontario households had a symptom in the previous week, and 44% of Canada-wide respondents
had a symptom in the previous month. Across the three surveys, SARS-CoV-2-testing was reported in 2–9% of symptomatic responses. Women, younger and middle-aged adults (versus older adults) and Indigenous/First nations/Inuit/Métis were more likely to report
at least one symptom, and visible minorities were more likely to report the combination of fever with cough or shortness of breath. |
|
Prognostic accuracy of MALDI mass spectrometric analysis
of plasma in COVID-19 |
Lazari, Lucas Cardoso, Ghilardi, et al |
medRxiv |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
We hypothesized that matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis combined
with bottom-up proteomic analysis of plasma proteins might identify features to predict high and low risk cases of COVID-19. We found a plasma proteomic profile that discriminates against patients with high and low risk COVID-19. Proteomic analysis of C18-fractionated
plasma may have a role in the noninvasive prognosis of COVID-19 |
|
Li, X, Rudolph, et al |
Prev Chronic Dis |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health
interventions*| Interventions de santé publique |
We plotted the spatial distributions of the correlation coefficients and attendant catplots for each location type
in the USA. The maps show that retail and recreation, grocery and pharmacy, parks, transit stations, and workplaces generally have significant and positive correlations — a decrease in visits to these locations is associated with a reduced rate of new COVID-19
cases 11 days later. Conversely, an increase in the amount of time spent in residential locations was significantly negatively correlated with an increase in the rate of new COVID-19 diagnoses in most observed counties — staying at home is associated with
a slowed growth rate. |
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PMC7530856; The impact of COVID-19 on gastric cancer surgery: a single-center retrospective
study |
Li, YX, He, et al |
BMC Surg |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
We propose some surgical strategies for gastric cancer patients. A total of 109 patients with gastric cancer were enrolled
in this study. The waiting time before admission increased by 4 days in the CG (PCG: 4.5 [IQR: 2, 7.8] vs. CG: 8.0 [IQR: 2,20]; p = 0.006). More patients had performed chest CT scans besides abdominal CT before admission during the COVID-19 period (PCG: 22
[32%] vs. CG: 30 [73%], p = 0.001). After admission during the COVID period, the waiting time before surgery was longer (PCG: 3[IQR: 2,5] vs. CG: 7[IQR: 5,9]; p < 0.001), more laparoscopic surgeries were performed (PCG: 51[75%] vs. CG: 38[92%], p = 0.021),
and hospital stay period after surgery was longer (7[IQR: 6,8] vs.9[IQR:7,11]; p < 0.001). In addition, the total cost of hospitalization increased during this period, (PCG: 9.22[IQR:7.82,10.97] vs. CG: 10.42[IQR:8.99,12.57]; p = 0.006). |
|
COVID-19 Pandemic in University Hospital: Impact
on Medical Training of Medical Interns |
Lim, WeiHonn, Teoh, et al |
medRxiv |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
This is a cross-sectional, pilot study to determine the impact of the pandemic on University Malaya Medical Centre
(UMMC) medical interns. Medical interns feel that they lack clinical skills (p = 0.005) and need more exposure in surgical operations (p =0.029). Some are satisfied with the introduction of triage (p = 0.024), online teaching (p = 0.005) and bedside teaching
(p=0.023). Most of them think they are fit and ready to handle the pandemic (p = 0.012 and 0.025 respectively) except first year medical interns (p = 0.029). Some feel like their time are wasted (p< 0.05) as they are involved in many non-clinical activities
(p=0.003). |
|
COVID-19 Pandemic in University Hospital: Is There
an Effect on The Medical Interns? |
Lim, WeiHonn, Teoh, et al |
medRxiv |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
This is a cross-sectional, pilot study to determine the impact of the pandemic on UMMC medical interns. Our study shows
that medical interns are tired (p = 0.014), starving (p = 0.004), have inadequate exercises (p = 0.004) and burdened with heavy workload (p=0.023) during pandemic period. Many are depressed (p = 0.043), scared to work (p = 0.03), and worried of getting infected
(p < 0.05). Some quarrel with their colleagues (p < 0.05), losing contact with friends (p = 0.022) and feel that it will be beneficial to have a peer support group (p = 0.027). |
|
PMC7531061; Peripheral facial nerve palsy associated with COVID-19 |
Lima, MA, Silva, et al |
J Neurovirol |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We describe the clinical, laboratory, and radiological features of eight patients with COVID-19 who developed peripheral
facial palsy during infection. In three patients, facial palsy was the first symptom. Nerve damage resulted in mild dysfunction in five patients and moderate in three. SARS-Cov-2 was not detected in CSF by PCR in any of the samples. Seven out of eight patients
were treated with steroids and all patients have complete or partial recovery of the symptoms. Peripheral facial palsy should be added to the spectrum of neurological manifestations associated with COVID-19. |
|
Liu, B, Liu, et al |
J Med Internet Res |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
We have developed CoV-Seq, an integrated web service for fast and easy analysis of custom SARS-CoV-2 sequences. The
web server provides an interactive module for the analysis of custom sequences and a weekly updated database of genetic variants of all publicly accessible SARS-CoV-2 sequences. |
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Factors associated with access to virtual care in
older adults: A cross-sectional study |
Liu, Laura, Goodarzi, et al |
medRxiv |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
We describe patient-specific factors associated with different modes of virtual healthcare in the geriatric medicine
clinic at St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Canada. Frailty (adjusted OR 0.62, 0.45 to 0.85; adjusted RD -0.08, -0.09 to -0.06) and absence of a caregiver (adjusted OR 0.12, 0.06 to 0.24; adjusted RD -0.35, -0.43 to -0.26) were associated with lower odds of
videoconference assessment. For example, an 80-year-old woman with mild frailty who immigrated to Canada, speaks English, attained a post-secondary education, does not have cognitive impairment, and uses a computer had a 60% (39% to 80%) predicted probability
of videoconference assessment if a caregiver was present compared to 15% (3% to 26%) without a caregiver. Only 32 of 98 (32.7%) patients who could independently use a computer participated in videoconference assessments. |
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Vulnerability to rumors during the COVID-19 pandemic:
Results of a national survey |
Long, Victoria Jane En, Koh, et al |
medRxiv |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
We conducted a nation-wide survey to document the base rate of rumor exposure and factors associated with rumor vulnerability.
Between March to July 2020, 1237 participants were surveyed on 5 widely-disseminated COVID-19 rumors (that drinking water frequently could be preventive, that eating garlic could be preventive, that the outbreak arose because of bat soup consumption, that
the virus was created in an American lab, and that the virus was created in a Chinese lab). For each rumor, participants reported whether they had heard, shared or believed each rumor. Although most participants had been exposed to COVID-19 rumors, few shared
or believed these. Sharing behaviors sometimes occurred in the absence of belief; however, education emerged as a protective factor for both sharing and belief. Together, our results suggest that campaigns targeting skills associated with higher education
(e.g. epistemology) may prove more effective than counter-rumor messages. |
|
Lotti, M, Giulii Capponi, et al |
ANZ J Surg |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
The study reports 3 cases of COVID-19 patients with bowel disease observed during the early 2020 epidemic in the district
of Bergamo, Italy. Patients with abdominal symptoms should be thoroughly evaluated with bowel sonography, followed by CT scan and colonoscopy if necessary, because the abdominal examination often underestimates the severity of the eventual underlying disease. |
|
|
Lu, R, Huang, et al |
PLoS One |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
The purpose of this study is to formulate more strict and scientific discharge standards. A total of 845 patients with
mild and general COVID-19 who were considered to be discharged from hospital were included in this study. The median time from the onset of COVID-19 to the occurrence of two consecutive negative nucleic acid tests of these patients was 21 days. 223 of the
845 patients were tested again after two consecutive negative nucleic acid tests and 17.49% of the patients were positive. Moreover, 82.51% (184 of 223) of these patients experienced negative results from three consecutive nucleic acid tests, the median time
from the onset of COVID-19 to the occurrence of three consecutive negative nucleic acid tests was 23 days (range: 3-56 days), and 38 of which were further tested after three consecutive negative nucleic acid tests, while about 5.26% (2 of 38) patients showed
positive nucleic acid test results. |
|
|
Lubrano, R, Villani, et al |
Ital J Pediatr |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique Healthcare Response | Réponse
des soins de santé |
We involved the Italian pediatric scientific societies institutionally collected in the Italian Federation of Associations
and Scientific Societies of the Pediatric Area (FIARPED); We sent a questionnaire to all scientific societies about the pediatric care activity during the COVID-19 emergency and future perspectives for the phase of post-containment. The analysis of the questionnaires
showed significant decrease of:admission, outpatient visits and specialist consultancy activities during the COVID-19 emergency, primarily linked to the fear of infection. Instead it was increased the serious degree of diseases admitted. Most of scientific
societies maintained the relationship with chronic patients through some form of telemedicine, reporting a strong positive opinion about this modality. Finally showed the need to give life a new approach for hospitalizations and outpatient visits through a
greater use of telemedicine, educational programs on families and a more decisive role of family pediatricians. |
|
|
MacGregor, RM, Antiel, et al |
Pediatr Crit Care Med |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
In March 2020, a survey was sent to 127 pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation centers asking them to report
their current hospital extracorporeal membrane oxygenation guidelines for coronavirus disease 2019-positive patients. Forty-seven extracorporeal membrane oxygenation centers had enacted guidelines including 46 (100%) that offer venovenous-extracorporeal membrane
oxygenation and 42 (89%) that offer venoarterial-extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for coronavirus disease 2019-positive pediatric patients. Forty-four centers (94%) stated that the indications for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation candidacy in coronavirus
disease 2019 disease were similar to those used in other viral illnesses, such as respiratory syncytial virus or influenza. Most program directors (98%) did not endorse that children hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 should be made do-not-resuscitate
and had variable opinions on whether children should be given higher priority over adults when rationing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Over half of program directors (60%) did not support the use of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation for coronavirus
disease 2019. |
|
|
Miyake, Esperanza, Martin, et al |
medRxiv |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
The aim is to identify competing definitions of Covid-19 through quantitative and qualitative analyses of online Long
Covid narratives in the UK; to map UK Long Haulers' experiences, emotions and practices as articulated online and to encourage further dialogue between patients, doctors and researchers to reassess existing definitions of Covid-19, with the collective aim
of improving care and support for Long Haulers. Using a rapid qualitative mixed methods study combining social media data (n=144,637 posts) with quantitative sentiment analysis and qualitative discourse analysis of themed post samples. Quantitative analysis
found an output of 7,099 social media users who posted 144,637 posts. 27% of posts had negative sentiment, 12% were positive, 59% were neutral. The qualitative results demonstrate the negative impacts of competing definitions of Covid-19 for Long Haulers in
the UK. These are mainly: time/duration; symptoms/testing; emotional impact; support and resources. |
|
|
Mohseni, Houra, Amini, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We assess and compare dietary food groups and nutrient supplements intake of diabetic, hypertensive and heart disease
patients with clinical symptoms of COVID-19 and asymptomatic controls. This retrospective case-control research was conducted on 98 patients with diabetes, hypertension, and/or heart disease that 37 of them were COVID-19 positive with clinical symptoms. Dietary
intakes of participants were recorded using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), which was designed and validated for the Iranian population. 54% of all subjects had nutritional supplements consumption in the last 6 months, and there was no significant difference
in the type of nutritional supplements between cases and controls. There was no significant difference in the median intake of food groups, in the last year, in metabolic syndrome patients with clinical symptoms of COVID-19 compared to controls. Crud OR shown,
adequate consumption of any food groups was not associated with the occurrence of COVID-19. |
|
|
Moore, JL, Ganapathiraju, et al |
Am J Case Rep |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Immunology | Immunologie |
A 63-year-old woman with a past medical history of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in remission while on maintenance therapy with
the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, obinutuzumab, tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 via nasopharyngeal RT-PCR testing over 12 weeks and persistently tested seronegative for immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies using SARS-CoV-2 IgG chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay
technology. During this time, the patient experienced waxing and waning of symptoms, which included fever, myalgia, and non-productive cough, but never acquired severe respiratory distress. She was admitted to our hospital on illness day 88, and her symptoms
resolved after the administration of convalescent plasma. |
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Stress and Anxiety Among Healthcare Workers Associated with COVID-19
Pandemic in Russia |
Mosolova, Ekaterina, Chung, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
This study had two objectives: first, we aimed to evaluate stress and anxiety symptoms among healthcare workers directly
involved in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with COVID-19 during the outbreak in Russia. A second objective was to validate the Russian version of new Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics – 9 (SAVE-9) scale. The study was a cross-sectional hospital-based
anonymous on-line survey between May 12th and May 26th, 2020 of 1,090 healthcare workers - 548 physicians [50.2%] and 542 nurses [49.8%] involved in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with COVID-19. The median scores on the Generalized Anxiety Disorder
(GAD-7) and SAVE-9 were 5 and 14, respectively. 535 [49.1%] respondents had moderate and 239 [21.9%] had severe anxiety according to selected SAVE-9 total score interpretation by percentiles. 134 participants [12.3%] had severe anxiety, 144 [13.2%] had moderate
according to GAD-7. 707 [64.9%] participants often or always have been worried about their family or friends getting infected because of them, 387 [35.5%] – have been more sensitive towards minor physical symptoms. The component model (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin adequacy
criterion = 0.847, Barletts' sphericity criterion, p<0.0001) revealed two-factor structure of SAVE-9: 1) “anxiety and somatic concern” included items 2,3,4,8 (EV = 3.497), 2) “social stress” - 1,5,6,7,9 (EV = 1.096). The factor loading of each individual SAVE-9
scale item was greater than 0.5. The regression SAVE-9 model was reliable (-2Log likelihood ratio = 1935.2; p=0.05). Female gender (OR - 0.98, p=0.035) and younger age (OR – 0.65, p=0.035) were associated with higher level of anxiety. The Cronbach's alpha
was 0.787 that means good internal consistency. The total score of SAVE-9 with a high degree of confidence predicted the GAD-7 value in comparative ROC analysis. The appropriate cut-off score for SAVE-9 was determined as 18 with good sensitivity and specificity
(AUC=0.808, sensitivity = 0.68~0.73, specificity = 0.76~0.8). |
|
SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein co-opts VEGF-A/Neuropilin-1 receptor signaling to
induce analgesia |
Moutal, A, Martin, et al |
Pain |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
Global spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues unabated. Binding of SARS-CoV-2's
Spike protein to host angiotensin converting enzyme 2 triggers viral entry, but other proteins may participate, including neuropilin-1 receptor (NRP-1). As both Spike protein and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) - a pro-nociceptive and angiogenic
factor, bind NRP-1, we tested if Spike could block VEGF-A/NRP-1 signaling. VEGF-A-triggered sensory neuronal firing was blocked by Spike protein and NRP-1 inhibitor EG00229. Pro-nociceptive behaviors of VEGF-A were similarly blocked via suppression of spontaneous
spinal synaptic activity and reduction of electrogenic currents in sensory neurons. Remarkably, preventing VEGF-A/NRP-1 signaling was antiallodynic in a neuropathic pain model. A 'silencing' of pain via subversion of VEGF-A/NRP-1 signaling may underlie increased
disease transmission in asymptomatic individuals. |
|
Consensus-based perioperative protocols during the COVID-19 pandemic |
Mummaneni, PV, Burke, et al |
J Neurosurg Spine |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
During the COVID-19 pandemic perioperative protocols are needed to streamline care for these patients notwithstanding
capacity and resource constraints. A multidisciplinary panel was assembled at the University of California, with 26 leaders across 10 academic departments, including 7 department chairpersons, the chief medical officer, the chief operating officer, infection
control officers, nursing leaders, resident house staff champions, an epidemiologist, an ethicist, and a statistician. 15 of 18 statements achieved consensus in the first round of the Delphi method; the 3 statements with significant disagreement (p < 0.01)
were modified and iteratively resubmitted to the expert panel to achieve consensus. Consensus-based protocols were developed using unblinded multidisciplinary panel discussions. The final algorithms 1) quantified outbreak level, 2) triaged patients based on
acuity, 3) provided a checklist for urgent/emergent invasive procedures, and 4) created a novel scoring system for the allocation of personal protective equipment. In particular, the authors modified the American College of Surgeons three-tiered triage system
to incorporate more urgent cases, as are often encountered in neurosurgery and spine surgery. |
|
Nachega, JB, Ishoso, et al |
Am J Trop Med Hyg |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Little is known about the clinical features and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Africa. We conducted a retrospective
cohort study of patients hospitalized for COVID-19 between March 10, 2020 and July 31, 2020 at seven hospitals in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Outcomes included clinical improvement within 30 days (primary) and in-hospital mortality (secondary).
Of 766 confirmed COVID-19 cases, 500 (65.6%) were male, with a median (interquartile range IQR]) age of 46 (34-58) years. One hundred ninety-one (25%) patients had severe/critical disease requiring admission in the intensive care unit (ICU). Six hundred twenty
patients (80.9%) improved and were discharged within 30 days of admission. Overall in-hospital mortality was 13.2% (95% CI: 10.9-15.8), and almost 50% among those in the ICU. Independent risk factors for death were age < 20 years (adjusted hazard ratio aHR]
= 6.62, 95% CI: 1.85-23.64), 40-59 years (aHR = 4.45, 95% CI: 1.83-10.79), and ≥ 60 years (aHR = 13.63, 95% CI: 5.70-32.60) compared with those aged 20-39 years, with obesity (aHR = 2.30, 95% CI: 1.24-4.27), and with chronic kidney disease (aHR = 5.33, 95%
CI: 1.85-15.35). In marginal structural model analysis, there was no statistically significant difference in odds of clinical improvement (adjusted odds ratio aOR] = 1.53, 95% CI: 0.88-2.67, P = 0.132) nor risk of death (aOR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.35-1.20) when
comparing the use of chloroquine/azithromycin versus other treatments. In this DRC study, the high mortality among patients aged < 20 years and with severe/critical disease is of great concern, and requires further research for confirmation and targeted interventions. |
|
|
Nagra, D, Russell, et al |
Eur Respir J |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
In COVID-19 the right lung has higher degree of opacification on plain radiograph than the left lung. Right lung opacificiation
is a stronger predictor for critical care admission and death. |
|
|
Nallur, Girish |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
A proteomic screen of human proteins interacting with the SARS-COV2 Envelope (E) protein identified LPAR1 as a strong
candidate. Physical association of E protein and LPAR1 was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation and cell surface staining. LPAR1 interaction was confirmed in all eight human cell lines tested. Okadaic acid treatment inhibited binding of the E protein to cell
surfaces, suggesting that LPAR1 phosphorylation status may be a factor in the interaction. |
|
|
Fatal Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis in COVID-19 Patient with
Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Iran |
Nasri, E, Shoaei, et al |
Mycopathologia |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Here, we report a fatal case of probable invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) in an acute myeloid leukemia patient
co-infected with SARS-CoV-2 and complicated by acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Probable IPA is supported by multiple pulmonary nodules with ground glass opacities which indicate halo sign and positive serum galactomannan results |
|
Norman, P, Wilding, et al |
Br J Health Psychol |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
A sample of 477 UK residents was completed using a two-wave online survey conducted one week apart during the national
lockdown (April 2020). Self-reported compliance with recommended behaviours during the pandemic were assessed. Rates of full compliance with the recommended behaviours ranged from 31% (keeping at least 2 m away from other people when inside shops) to 68% (not
visiting or meeting friends or other family members). |
|
|
Circulating levels of calcitonin gene-related peptide
(CGRP) are lower in COVID-19 patients |
Ochoa-Callejero, Laura, Garcia-Sanmartin, et al |
medRxiv |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
To better understand the biology of COVID-19, we have explored the behavior of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP),
an angiogenic, vasodilating, and immune modulating peptide, in SARS-CoV-2 positive patients. Levels of CGRP in the serum of 57 COVID-19 patients (24 asymptomatic, 23 hospitalized in the general ward, and 10 admitted to the intensive care unit) and healthy
donors (n=24) were measured by ELISA. In addition, to better understand the physiological consequences of the observed variations, we investigated by immunofluorescence the distribution of RAMP1, one of the components of the CGRP receptor, in autopsy lung
specimens. CGRP levels greatly decreased in COVID-19 patients (p<0.001) when compared to controls, and there were no significant differences due to disease severity, sex, age, or comorbidities. We found that COVID-19 patients treated with proton pump inhibitors
had lower levels of CGRP than other patients not taking this treatment (p=0.001). RAMP1 immunoreactivity was found in smooth muscle cells of large blood vessels and the bronchial tree, and in the airways epithelium. In COVID-19 samples, RAMP1 was also found
in proliferating type II pneumocytes, a common finding in these patients. The lower levels of CGRP should negatively impact the respiratory physiology of COVID-19 patients due to vasoconstriction, improper angiogenesis, less epithelial repair, and faulty immune
response. Therefore, restoring CGRP levels in these patients may represent a novel therapeutic approach for COVID-19. |
|
Olagnier, D, Farahani, et al |
Nat Commun |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Immunology | Immunologie |
Here, we demonstrate that the NRF2 antioxidant gene expression pathway is suppressed in biopsies obtained from COVID-19
patients. Further, we uncover that NRF2 agonists 4-octyl-itaconate (4-OI) and the clinically approved dimethyl fumarate (DMF) induce a cellular antiviral program that potently inhibits replication of SARS-CoV2 across cell lines. The inhibitory effect of 4-OI
and DMF extends to the replication of several other pathogenic viruses including Herpes Simplex Virus-1 and-2, Vaccinia virus, and Zika virus through a type I interferon (IFN)-independent mechanism. In addition, 4-OI and DMF limit host inflammatory responses
to SARS-CoV2 infection associated with airway COVID-19 pathology. In conclusion, NRF2 agonists 4-OI and DMF induce a distinct IFN-independent antiviral program that is broadly effective in limiting virus replication and in suppressing the pro-inflammatory
responses of human pathogenic viruses, including SARS-CoV2. |
|
|
Mathematical modelling and optimal cost-effective control of COVID-19 transmission
dynamics |
Olaniyi, S, O |
Research Square prepub |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health
interventions*| Interventions de santé publique |
In this paper, an epidemic model based on system of ordinary differential equations is formulated by taking into account
the transmission routes from symptomatic, asymptomatic and hospitalized individuals. The model is fitted to the corresponding cumulative number of hospitalized individuals (active cases) reported by the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC), and parameterized
using the least squares method. It is shown that the model has a globally asymptotically stable disease-free equilibrium if the basic reproduction number of the novel coronavirus transmission is less than one. The basic reproduction number can be brought to
a value less than one in Nigeria, if the current effective transmission rate of the disease can be reduced by 50%. Otherwise, the number of active cases may get up to 2.5% of the total estimated population. |
|
Ongerth, JerryE, Danielson, et al |
medRxiv |
Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes |
This project examined the ability of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay to quantify SARS-CoV-2 in
raw sewage, directly, using no preliminary sample processing for virus concentration and RNA extraction. Results show that even at low reported case rates e.g. 1-10/100,000, SARS-CoV-2 is present in raw sewage at > 1-5/ μL, permitting direct LAMP-based detection.
Use of RT qLAMP will facilitate wastewater-based epidemiology as an important component for COVID-19 control. |
|
|
Ostwal, VikasS, Bhargava, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
The primary focus of the study was to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the management of common gastrointestinal
cancer patients and develop baseline data to form cancer care policy. The patient data was collected for two study periods: between 1 Jan 2020 to 22 March 2020 (T1) and 23 March 2020 and 30 May 2020 (T2). Objectives of the study were to evaluate the differences
in patient presentation, treatment patterns/modifications and 100 - day case fatality rates across the study periods T1 and T2. 3177 patients in T1 and 1069 patients in T2 with gastrointestinal cancers were evaluated. A greater proportion of patients were
planned for systemic therapy (70.5% vs. 74.8%, OR-0.85; 95%CI:0.75- 0.96;p= 0.007), monotherapy (18% vs 23%, OR-0.81; 95%CI:0.72-0.91; p<0.001) and doublet therapy (34% vs 41%, OR-0.8; 95%CI:0.72-0.88; p<0.001), chemotherapy at reduced doses during T2 (10%
vs 16, OR 0.86; 95%CI:0.79 - 0.93; p= <0.001). Overall 470 and 158 patients were operated during T1 and T2 respectively, with fewer patients with ASA III status operated during T2 (3% vs 0, OR-1.35; 95%CI:1.29-1.41, p=0.028). In patients receiving systemic
therapy, there were 263 deaths (8.3%) during T1, while 95 (8.9%) deaths were seen in T2 with no significant differences in 100-day case fatality rates (OR 0.93;95%CI: 0.72-1.18; p=0.54). There were no differences in post-operative mortality rates between T1
and T2 (3% vs. 2%, OR 1.09; 95%CI: 0.86-1.38, p=0.55). Interpretation: Maintaining standard of care treatment with limited modifications during COVID-19 pandemic for patients receiving chemotherapy or undergoing surgery results in short term outcomes comparable
to the pre-COVID-19 scenario. |
|
|
Pathak, Ishaan, Choi, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
We conducted a landscape analysis as of July 1st, 2020 and developed a grading system to assess COVID-19 case and death
data by age and race in 50 states and DC. In states where age- and race-specific data were available, we applied direct age standardization to compare CFR across race-ethnicities. We found substantial variations in disaggregating and reporting case and death
data across states. Only three states, California, Illinois and Ohio, had sufficient age- and race-ethnicity-disaggregation to allow the investigation of racial-ethnic disparities in case fatality ratio (CFR) while controlling for age. In total, we analyzed
391,991confirmed cases and 17,612 confirmed deaths. The crude CFRs varied from, e.g. 7.35% among Non-Hispanic (NH) White population to 1.39% among Hispanic population in Ohio. After age standardization, racial-ethnic differences in CFR narrowed, e.g. from
5.28% among NH White population to 3.79% among NH Asian population in Ohio, or an over one-fold difference. In addition, the ranking of race-ethnic-specific CFRs changed after age standardization. NH White population had the leading crude CFRs whereas NH Black
and NH Asian population had the leading and second leading age-adjusted CFRs respectively in two of the three states. Hispanic populations age-adjusted CFR were substantially higher than the crude. |
|
|
Mental health during COVID-19 lockdown in the United Kingdom |
Pieh, C, Budimir, et al |
Psychosom Med |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
A cross-sectional online survey with a study sample that mirrors general population norms according to sex, age, education,
and region was launched four weeks after lockdown measures were implemented in the UK. Measures included mental health-related quality of life (WHO-QOL BREF psychological domain), well-being (WHO-5), depression (PHQ-9), anxiety (GAD-7), perceived stress (PSS-10),
and insomnia (ISI). The sample comprised N=1,006 respondents (54% women) from all regions of the UK. Approximately 52% of respondents screened positive for a common mental disorder, and 28% screened positive for clinical insomnia. The prevalence of depressive-,
anxiety-, and insomnia symptoms is significantly higher in the UK, relative to pre-pandemic epidemiological data. Further studies are needed to clarify the causes for these high rates of mental health symptoms. |
|
Pinheiro, Andrey, Xavier, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
This study aimed to evaluate the affinity of SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro (PDB 6LU7) concerning promising binders identified by
other studies using virtual screening against the ZINC database and other molecules within the possibility of inhibiting the protease, such as Hydroxychloroquine, Chloroquine, and Remdesivir. Despite the importance of vaccine development, alternative strategies,
such as specific viral inhibitors, are important to reduce the impact of the disease on people. |
|
|
Prevalence of Readily Detected Amyloid Blood Clots in ‘Unclotted’
COVID-19 Plasma |
Pretorius, Etheresia, Venter, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection
d'agents pathogènes |
We show here that microclots can be detected in the native plasma of COVID-19 patient, without the addition of any
clotting agent, and in particular that such clots are amyloid in nature as judged by a standard fluorogenic stain. This provides a rapid and convenient test with 100% sensitivity (P<0.0001). |
|
Qi, M, Li, et al |
PLoS One |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
The objective of this study was to define the threatened perception types of pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic
and determine the correlations between the perception types and their demographic factors, their preventive knowledge of COVID-19 and their mental status in order to provide suggestions for pregnant women during pandemic. |
|
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DenseCapsNet: Detection of COVID-19 X-ray Images Using a Capsule Network |
Quan, Hao, Xu, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection
d'agents pathogènes |
A deep learning framework for detecting COVID-19 is developed, and a small amount of chest X-ray data is used to accurately
screen COVID-19. A total of 1472 chest X-ray COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 images are used, this method can achieve an accuracy of 99.32% and a precision of 100%, with 98.55% sensitivity and 100% specificity. |
|
Radhakrishnan, V, Gangopadhyay, et al |
Pediatr Blood Cancer |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We report a case of repeat positivity with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) in a child
with cancer. A 4‐year‐old male was treated for pre‐B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia; on June 27, 2020, the asymptomatic patient and his caregiver tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 on the RT‐PCR test of their nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs. |
|
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Ramirez, Santseharay, Fernandez-Antunez, et al |
bioRxiv |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
By performing serial passages of a SARS-CoV-2 isolate in the human hepatoma cell line clone Huh7.5, we selected viral
populations with improved viability in human cells. We demonstrated that the Huh7.5-adapted virus exhibited a >3-Log10 increase in infectivity titers (TCID50) in Huh7.5 cells. Remdesivir, EIDD-2801 and to a limited extent galidesivir showed antiviral effect
across these human cell lines, whereas sofosbuvir, uprifosbuvir, valopicitabine, mericitabine, ribavirin, and favipiravir had no apparent activity. |
|
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Biomathematical models for genetic diversity analyses
in complete genomes of SARS-CoV-2 |
Ramos Venancio, DallynneB, Ramos, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
We evaluated the levels of genetic diversity in 38 complete genomes of SARS-CoV-2, publicly available on the National
Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) platform and from six countries in South America, all with an extension of 29,906 bp and Phred values ≥ 40. The specific methodologies for Paired FST estimators, Molecular Variance (AMOVA), Genetic Distance, mismatch,
demographic and spatial expansion analyses, molecular diversity and evolutionary divergence time analyses, were obtained using 20,000 random permutation. |
|
Rauber, Conrad, Tiwari-Heckler, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques Immunology | Immunologie |
Here we report the first results of a SARS-CoV-2 serosurvey in a large liver transplant (LT) recipient cohort. LT recipients
showed a SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion rate similar to the general population with a substantial percentage of unrecognized infections. The health care system can be the assumed source of infection in most of these cases. |
|
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Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Mental
Health and Quality of Life of Children and Adolescents |
Ravens-Sieberer, Ulrike |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
The current study is the first nationwide representative study within Europe to investigate the impact of the COVID-19
pandemic on the mental health and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of children and adolescents from the perspective of children themselves. Two-thirds of the children and adolescents reported being highly burdened by the COVID-19 pandemic. They experienced
significantly lower HRQoL and more mental health problems than before the pandemic. Children and adolescents with low socioeconomic status were affected significantly more. |
|
Riley, Steven, Ainslie, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
REACT-1 is a community survey of PCR confirmed swab-positivity for SARS-CoV-2 among random samples of the population
in England. This interim report includes data from the fifth round of data collection currently underway for swabs sampled from the 18th to 26th September 2020. |
|
|
Roh, DJ, Eiseman, et al |
J Trauma Acute Care Surg |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We assessed for hypercoagulable characteristics in critically-ill COVID-19 patients using Rotational Thromboelastometry
(ROTEM) and explored relationships of D-dimer and ROTEM measurements with thrombotic complications. We identified elevated D-dimer levels and hypercoagulable blood clot characteristics from increased fibrinogen on ROTEM testing in critically-ill COVID-19 patients.
However, we identified lower, albeit still hypercoagulable, ROTEM measurements of fibrinogen in COVID-19 patients with thrombotic complications compared to those without. |
|
|
Ruediger, Sten, Konigorski, et al |
medRxiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Transmission
Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique |
Developed a novel statistical method evaluating the earliest possible events of infections, the contacts between individuals,
which is essential for virus transmission. The contact index, an index for the contact intensity of the population from spatial proximity, are derived as proxy measurements for physical interaction. The model is applied to estimated the contact index from
GPS mobile phone data in Germany, and associations with infection rates in Germany. |
|
|
Salvatore, PP, Sula, et al |
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Surveillance |
During August 2–September 5, 2020, weekly COVID-19 cases among persons aged 18–22 years increased 55% nationally in
the US. Increases were greatest in the Northeast (144%) and Midwest (123%). Increases in cases were not solely attributable to increased testing. Findings suggest , Young adults, including those enrolled in colleges and universities, should take precautions
to prevent and control infection spread. |
|
|
Sarkar, Arjun, Vandenhirtz, et al |
arXiv |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection
d'agents pathogènes |
University of Waterloo and DarwinAI, have designed a Deep Learning model COVIDNet-CT to detect COVID-19 from infected
chest CT images, and created a CT image dataset (COVIDx-CT) housing CT image slices across a large case sample ( n= 1,489) . Investigators test the ability of the software to detect COVID-19 from CT images and report the model yields best results with F-scores
over 99%. |
|
|
Saw, Young Ern, Tan, et al |
medRxiv |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
Aim to identify factors predicting voluntary downloads of a contact tracing mobile application for COVID-19, TraceTogether',
using an online survey (n=505). Network analyses revealed take-up was most related to: using hand sanitizers, avoiding public transport, and preferring outdoor over indoor venues during the pandemic; demographic and situational characteristics did not demonstrate
significant associations. Overall, the strongest predictors of digital contact tracing take-up was the extent to which individuals had adjusted their lifestyles due to the pandemic |
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Commuting Network Spillovers and COVID-19 Deaths Across US Counties |
Seto, Christopher, Khademi, et al |
arXiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
This study explored how population mobility flows form commuting networks across US counties and influence the spread
of COVID-19. We utilized 3-level mixed effects negative binomial regression models to estimate the impact of network COVID-19 exposure on county confirmed cases and deaths over time. We also conducted weighting-based analyses to estimate the causal effect
of network exposure. Results showed that commuting networks matter for COVID-19 deaths and cases, net of spatial proximity, socioeconomic, and demographic factors. Different local racial and ethnic concentrations are also associated with unequal outcomes.
These findings suggest that commuting is an important causal mechanism in the spread of COVID-19 and highlight the significance of interconnected of communities. The results suggest that local level mitigation and prevention efforts are more effective when
complemented by similar efforts in the network of connected places. Implications for research on inequality in health and flexible work arrangements are discussed. |
|
Shallcross, Laura, Burke, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
Identify risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infections and outbreaks in UK Long-term Care Facilities. The analysis finds,
odds of infections/outbreaks to be reduced in LTCFs that offered paid sick leave, cohorted staff, did not employ agency staff and had higher staff to resident ratios. Greater odds of infection/outbreaks were associated with facilities reporting higher admissions,
lower cleaning frequency, poor compliance with isolation and for profit status. |
|
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Sharma, SV, Chuang, et al |
Prev Chronic Dis |
Public Health Priorities| Priorités de santé publique Public Health response| Interventions
de santé publique |
An analysis of a rapid-response survey responses among low-income households with children on social needs, COVID-19–related
concerns, and diet-related behaviors in the US. Overall, 76.3% reported concerns about financial stability, 42.5% about employment, 69.4% about food availability, 31.0% about housing stability, and 35.9% about health care access. 41.4% reported a decrease
in fruit and vegetable intake because of COVID-19. Frequency of grocery shopping decreased and food pantry usage increased. Qualitative assessment identified 4 main themes: 1) fear of contracting COVID-19, 2) disruption of employment status, 3) financial hardship,
and 4) exacerbated food insecurity. |
|
|
Shim, Eunha, Tariq, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
Examine the spatiotemporal changes in the transmission potential of COVID-19 in south Korea, and present regional estimates
of the doubling time and reproduction number (Rt) of COVID-19 over time in the country. Seoul and Gyeonggi Province experienced the first peak of COVID-19 in early March, followed by the second wave in early June, (Rt > 3.0, mean doubling time range 3.6
to 10.1 days). As of mid-July, Gyeongbuk Province and Daegu are yet to experience a second wave of infections, data from the first wave estimated Rt r.5-4.4 and mean doubling time range 2.8 to 4.6 days. |
|
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Sniffer Dogs as a Screening/Diagnostic Tool
for COVID-19: A Proof of Concept Study |
Shiri, Mahdi, Eskandari, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes Public
Health Priorities| Priorités de santé publique |
Investigate the applicability of Sniffer dogs (successfully used to diagnose other diseases such as cancers and hypoglycemia)
in COVID-19 infection detection. In the pharyngeal secretions verification test the dogs correctly identified 17 of 26 true positive samples and 48 of 54 true negative samples; . PPV 74% and NPV 84%. In the next verification test for face mask and clothes
of patients, 43 of 50 positive samples and 65 of f 70 negative samples were correctly identified by the trained dong (PPV 89.6% and NPV 90.3%). The results suggest sniffer dogs are capable of being trained to identify COVID-19 cases by odor detection, and
can be a reliable screening resource in limited screening settings. |
|
Analysis and Forecast of COVID-19 in India,
the US and Italy - An Application of Arima Model |
Siby, Elbin, Joseph, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models predict the epidemiological trend of pandemic in India, The
USA and Italy up-to 20 July 2020 and forecast future scenarios for the next 15 days. All countries had a increasing linear trend in daily confirmed COVID-19 cases, with case counts rising in India and US. |
|
Singh, K, Mittal, et al |
Int J Lab Hematol |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Two COVID‐19 predictive equations on infection outcomes were generated using COVID-19 clinical case data published
in the literature. One model used four variables (C-reactive Protein, D‐dimer levels, lymphocyte count, and neutrophil count), and another used three variables (C-reactive Protein, lymphocyte count, and neutrophil count).In adult and pediatric populations,
the predictive models exhibited high specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive values, and negative predictive values. |
|
|
Takayama, S, Namiki, et al |
Trials |
RCT |
Authors aim to test their hypothesis that additional administration of traditional Japanese (Kampo) medicine, kakkonto
(kakkon-to: KT) and shosaikotokakikyosekko (sho-saiko-to-ka-kikyo-sekko: SSKKS), is more effective in relieving symptoms and preventing the onset of severe infection in mild-to-moderate COVID-19 patients compared to those treated only with conventional treatment. |
|
|
Tamal, Mahbubunnabi, Alshammari, et al |
medRxiv |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection
d'agents pathogènes |
Authors discuss the limitations of RT-PCR that have been identified, e.g., low sensitivity, cost, long delay in getting
results and the need of a professional technician to collect samples. They suggest using machine learning to help in COVID-19 diagnosis. Machine learning can be deployed in places where quick results of the COVID-19 test are required, e.g., airports, seaports,
hospitals, health clinics, etc. |
|
|
Taylor, AdeleM, Page, et al |
medRxiv |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
Authors discuss the effects of COVID-19 lockdown on psychosocial factors, health and lifestyle in older adults, particularly
those aged over 80 years, despite the risks posed by COVID-19 to this age group. Characteristics including cognitive function, occupational class, self-rated health, anxiety, and emotional stability, may be related to risk of poorer lockdown-related psychosocial
and physical outcomes. |
|
|
Containing a pandemic: Nonpharmaceutical interventions and the "second wave" |
te Vrugt, Michael, Bickmann, et al |
arXiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health
interventions*| Interventions de santé publique |
In response to the worldwide outbreak of the coronavirus disease COVID-19, a variety of nonpharmaceutical interventions
such as face masks and social distancing have been implemented. A careful assessment of the effects of such containment strategies is required to avoid exceeding social and economical costs as well as a dangerous "second wave" of the pandemic. In this work,
we combine a recently developed dynamical density functional theory model and an extended SIRD model with hysteresis to study effects of various measures and strategies using realistic parameters. Depending on intervention thresholds, a variety of phases with
different numbers of shutdowns and deaths are found. Spatiotemporal simulations provide further insights into the dynamics of a second wave. Our results are of crucial importance for public health policy. |
|
GABA administration prevents severe illness and death
following coronavirus infection in mice |
Tian, Jide, Milddleton, et al |
bioRxiv |
Therapeutics| Thérapeutique Animal model | Modèle animal |
Authors tested whether oral treatment with GABA could modulate the MHV-1 induced pneumonitis in susceptible A/J mice.
Given that GABA-R agonists, like GABA and homotaurine, are safe for human consumption, stable, inexpensive, and available worldwide, they are promising candidates to help prevent severe illness stemming from SARS-CoV-2 infection and other coronavirus strains |
|
Tong, KK, Chen, et al |
Appl Psychol Health Well Being |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
This study aims at testing the applicability of the health belief model (HBM) and generalised social beliefs (i.e.
social axioms) to explore strategies for promoting adherence to COVID-19 precautionary measures. The HBM and the generalised social beliefs of social cynicism and reward for application can be applied to understanding adherence to precautionary measures against
COVID-19. |
|
|
Tsai, AC, Harling, et al |
Clin Infect Dis |
Transmission Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique |
Using segmented linear regression, authors estimated the extent to which relaxation of social distancing affected epidemic
control, as indicated by the time-varying, state-specific effective reproduction number (Rt). They detected an immediate and significant reversal in SARS-CoV-2 epidemic suppression after relaxation of social distancing measures across the U.S. |
|
|
Uyaroğlu, OA, Başaran, et al |
Intern Med J |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
The aim of this study was to assess the anxiety among physicians working in the internal medicine department of a tertiary
care hospital who are on the frontline of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this survey of internists in a university hospital equipped with clinics, wards and intensive care unit for patients with COVID-19, female gender and having family members over 65 years old
and with chronic diseases were associated with increased anxiety levels. |
|
|
Performance of a rapid SARS-COV-2 serology test in
whole blood and separated plasma |
Vemulapati, Sasank |
medRxiv |
Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes |
Authors demonstrate the implementation of the H.E.R.M.E.S platform, a portable plasma separation system that can enhance
the performance of blood-based diagnostic testing, with a commercially available SARS-COV-2 IgG/IgM serology rapid diagnostic test (RDT) in a blinded study with 61 human samples. The data highlighted in this work makes a compelling case for the incorporation
of the H.E.R.M.E.S system in large scale efforts to perform SARS-COV-2 serology testing in decentralized testing environments. |
|
Vergara-Alert, J, Rodon, et al |
Transbound Emerg Dis |
Animal model | Modèle animal |
Conventional piglets were inoculated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) through different
routes, including intranasal, intratracheal, intramuscular and intravenous ones. Although piglets were not susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 and lacked lesions or viral RNA in tissues/swabs, seroconversion was observed in pigs inoculated parenterally (intramuscularly
or intravenously). |
|
|
Verkhivker, GM |
J Proteome Res |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
By employing molecular simulations and network modeling approaches, this study systematically examined functional dynamics
and identified the regulatory centers of allosteric interactions for distinct functional states of the wild-type and mutant variants of the SARS-CoV-2 prefusion spike trimer. This study offers a useful and novel perspective on the underlying mechanisms of
the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein through the lens of allosteric signaling as a regulatory apparatus of virus transmission that could open up opportunities for targeted allosteric drug discovery against SARS-CoV-2 proteins and contribute to the rapid response to
the current and potential future pandemic scenarios. |
|
|
Wang, Anni, Liu, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
To assist future offsite planning for pandemics, we documented lived experiences of cooperation among HCWs during the
COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We conducted an empirical phenomenological investigation among 25 HCWs (17 nurses and eight physicians), selected through convenient and purposive sampling, who participated in a medical aid mission in China during the COVID-19
pandemic. Data were collected via semi-structured online video interviews, and the interview transcripts were analyzed using Colaizzi's phenomenological method. Findings: (1) The government-organized multi-level and multi-departmental management structure
ensured appropriate arrangements of human and material resources. (2) High morale among voluntarily recruited HCWs and a supportive context entailing mutual learning encouraged cooperation among team members. (3) A continuous, streamlined workflow and communication
was crucial. Adequate communication enabled HCWs, confronting shock and unfamiliar situations, to adjust quickly by drawing on their rich prior professional experience. (4) Nurse managers, who were the core internal and external team coordinators, juggling
multiple roles and tasks, experienced severe stress. (5) A comprehensive person-centered care model and cooperation within multidisciplinary teams of HCWs were needed to balance infection management and patient-centered care. |
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PMC7530488; Subcutaneous injection of IFN alpha-2b for COVID-19: an observational
study |
Wang, B, Li, et al |
BMC Infect Dis |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
BACKGROUND: The global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection is ongoing and associated with high
mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of subcutaneous injection of interferon alpha-2b (IFN alpha-2b) combined with lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) in the treatment of COVID-19 infection, compared with that of using LPV/r
alone. METHODS: Patients diagnosed with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection in Wuhan Red Cross hospital during the period from January 23, 2020 to March 19, 2020 were included. The length of stay, the time to viral clearance and adverse reactions during
hospitalization were compared between patients using oral LPV/r and combined therapy of LPV/r and subcutaneous injection of IFN alpha-2b. RESULTS: A total of 22 patients were treated with LPV/r alone and 19 with combined therapy with subcutaneous injection
of IFN alpha-2b. The average length of hospitalization in the combination group was shorter than that of LPV/r group (16 ± 9.7 vs 23 ± 10.5 days; P = 0.028). Moreover, the days of hospitalization in early intervention group decreased from 25 ± 8.5 days to
10 ± 2.9 days compared with delayed intervention group (P = 0.001). Combined therapy with IFN alpha-2b also significantly reduced the duration of detectable virus in the upper respiratory tract. No patient in each group was transferred to intensive care unit
(ICU) or died during the treatment. There was no significant difference in the adverse effect composition between two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Subcutaneous injection of IFN alpha-2b combined with LPV/r shortened the length of hospitalization and accelerated viral
clearance in COVID-19 patients, which deserves further investigation in clinical practice. |
|
Mental Health of Front-Line Chinese Medical
Staff During the COVID-19 Outbreak |
Wang, Yan, Wang, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
The aim of this study was to understand the psychological status of medical staff during the COVID-19 outbreak. Among
the 1225 invited medical staff, 686 participants (64 males, 9.33% and 622 females, 90.67%; average age 33.13±7.82 years) responded to the survey (response rate was 56.00%). 482 (67.35%) respondents reported sleep disturbances, 224 (32.65%) reported anxiety
and 204 (29.74%) reported depressive symptoms. Multivariable linear regression analysis showed that occupation (doctor), department (respiratory, ICU), workplace (areas in Wuhan), marital status (married), and medical history (anxiety, depression or sleep
disorders) were significantly correlated with AIS, GAD-7 and SDS scores (P<0.01). |
|
Early detection of seasonality and second-wave prediction
in the COVID-19 pandemic |
Watanabe, Marcio |
medRxiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health
interventions*| Interventions de santé publique |
Seasonality plays an essential role in the dynamics of many infectious diseases. Its confirmation in an emerging infectious
disease is usually done using time series data from several years. By using statistical regression methods for time-series data pooled from more than 50 countries from both hemispheres, we show how to determine its presence in a pandemic at the onset of the
seasonal period. We measure its expected effect in the mean transmission rate of SARS-coV-2 and predict when further epidemic outbreaks of COVID-19 will occur. The obtained result in the Northern Hemisphere shows that seasonality reduced the mean growth rate
in 222.5% in April 2020. A relative reduction greater than 100% should be interpreted as a reduction changing an increasing rate to a decreasing one. In contrast, at the same moment, the seasonal effect in the Southern Hemisphere increased the mean growth
rate in 740.3%. Our analysis simultaneously considers other confounding factors to properly separate them from seasonal effects and, in addition, we measure the mean global effect of social-distancing interventions and its relation with income. Future COVID-19
waves are expected to occur in autumn/winter seasons, typically between September and March in the Northern Hemisphere, and between April and September in the Southern Hemisphere. Simulations of a seasonal SEIR model with a social distancing effect are shown
to describe the behavior of COVID-19 outbreaks in several countries. These results provide vital information for policy makers to plan their actions against the new coronavirus disease, particularly in the optimization of social-distancing interventions and
vaccination schedules. Ultimately, our methods can be used to identify and measure seasonal effects in a future pandemic. |
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SARS-CoV-2 infected cells present HLA-I peptides from
canonical and out-of-frame ORFs |
Weingarten-Gabbay, Shira, Klaeger, et al |
bioRxiv |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Immunology | Immunologie |
T cell-mediated immunity may play a critical role in controlling and establishing protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2
infection; yet the repertoire of viral epitopes responsible for T cell response activation remains mostly unknown. Identification of viral peptides presented on class I human leukocyte antigen (HLA-I) can reveal epitopes for recognition by cytotoxic T cells
and potential incorporation into vaccines. Here, we report the first HLA-I immunopeptidome of SARS-CoV-2 in two human cell lines at different times post-infection using mass spectrometry. We found HLA-I peptides derived not only from canonical ORFs, but also
from internal out-of-frame ORFs in Spike and Nucleoprotein not captured by current vaccines. Proteomics analyses of infected cells revealed that SARS-CoV-2 may interfere with antigen processing and immune signaling pathways. Based on the endogenously processed
and presented viral peptides that we identified, we estimate that a pool of 24 peptides would provide one or more peptides for presentation by at least one HLA allele in 99% of the human population. These biological insights and the list of naturally presented
SARS-CoV-2 peptides will facilitate data-driven selection of peptides for immune monitoring and vaccine development. |
|
Patient-reported outcome measures after COVID-19: a prospective cohort study |
Wong, AW, Shah, et al |
Eur Respir J |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Over 75% of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 have abnormal patient-reported outcome measures 3 months after
symptom onset, with a third of patients reporting at least moderate impairment in major dimensions of quality of life. |
|
Transmission of SARS-COV-2 from China to Europe and
West Africa: a detailed phylogenetic analysis |
Wruck, Wasco, Adjaye, et al |
bioRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
Background: SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing the Covid-19 pandemic emerged in December 2019 in China and raised fears
that it could overwhelm healthcare systems worldwide. In June 2020, all African countries registered human infections with SARS-CoV-2. The virus is mutating steadily and this is monitored by a well curated database of viral nucleotide sequences from samples
taken from infected individual thus enabling phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic associations. Methods: We downloaded from the GISAID database, SARS-CoV-2 sequences established from four West African countries Ghana, Gambia, Senegal and Nigeria and then performed
phylogenetic analysis employing the nextstrain pipeline. Based on mutations found within the sequences we calculated and visualized statistics characterizing clades according to the GISAID nomenclature. Results: We found country-specific patterns of viral
clades: the later Europe-associated G-clades predominantly in Senegal and Gambia, and combinations of the earlier (L, S, V) and later clades in Ghana and Nigeria. Contrary to our expectations, the later Europe-associated G-clades emerged before the earlier
clades. Detailed analysis of distinct samples showed that some of the earlier clades might have circulated latently and some reflect migration routes via Mali and Tunisia. Conclusions: The distinct patterns of viral clades in the West African countries point
at its emergence from Europe and China via Asia and Europe. The observation that the later clades emerged before the earlier clades could be simply due to founder effects or due to latent circulation of the earlier clades. Only a marginal correlation of the
G-clades associated with the D614G mutation could be identified with the relatively low case fatality (0.6-3.2).Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest. |
|
Xie, Q, Fan, et al |
Transl Psychiatry |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Data are scarce regarding the comorbid mental disorders and their management among COVID-19 patients. This study described
the clinical characteristics and management of COVID-19 patients treated in psychiatric inpatient settings due to comorbid first-onset mental disorders in Wuhan, China. This electronic medical records-based study included 25 COVID-19 patients with first-onset
mental disorders and 55 patients with first-onset mental disorders without COVID-19 (control group). Data collected included ICD-10 diagnoses of mental disorders, psychiatric and respiratory symptoms, treatments, and outcomes. Adjustment disorder (n = 11,
44.0%) and acute and transient psychotic disorders, with associated acute stress (n = 6, 24.0%) were main clinical diagnoses in the COVID-19 group while serious mental illnesses (i.e., schizophrenia, 24.5%) and alcohol use disorders (10.9%) were overrepresented
in the control group. On admission, the most common psychiatric symptom in COVID-19 patients was insomnia symptoms (n = 18, 72.0%), followed by aggressive behaviors (n = 16, 64.0%), delusion (n = 10, 40.0%), and severe anxiety (n = 9, 36.0%). In addition to
respiratory treatments, 76.0% COVID-19 patients received antipsychotics, 40.0% sedative-hypnotics, and 24.0% mood stabilizers. At the end of inpatient treatment, 4 (16.0%) COVID-19 patients were transferred to other hospitals to continue respiratory treatment
after their psychiatric symptoms were controlled while the remaining 21 (84.0%) all recovered. Compared to the control group, COVID-19 group had significantly shorter length of hospital stay (21.2 vs. 37.4 days, P < 0.001). Adjustment disorder and acute and
transient psychotic disorders are the main clinical diagnoses of COVID-19 patients managed in psychiatric inpatient settings. The short-term prognosis of these patients is good after conventional psychotropic treatment. |
|
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Obesity and activity patterns before and during COVID-19 lockdown among youths in China |
Yang, S, Guo, et al |
Clin Obes |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
This study aim to assess changes in obesity and activity patterns among youths in China during the COVID-19 lockdown.
The mean body mass index of all participating youths has significantly increased (21.8-22.6) and in all education subgroups during COVID-19 lockdown. Increases also occurred in the prevalence of overweight/obesity (21.3%-25.1%, P < .001) and obesity (10.5%
to 12.9%, P < .001) in overall youths, especially in high school and undergraduate students. Their activity patterns had also significantly changed, including the decreased frequency of engaging in active transport, moderate-/vigorous-intensity housework,
leisure-time moderate-/vigorous-intensity physical activity, and leisure-time walking, and the increased sedentary, sleeping, and screen time. |
|
Yu, Alvin, Pak, et al |
bioRxiv |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
Here, we report the current status and on-going development of a largely bottom-up coarse-grained (CG) model of the
SARS-CoV-2 virion. Structural data from a combination of cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), x-ray crystallography, and computational predictions were used to build molecular models of structural SARS-CoV-2 proteins, which were then assembled into a complete
virion model. We describe how CG molecular interactions can be derived from all-atom simulations, how viral behavior difficult to capture in atomistic simulations can be incorporated into the CG models, and how the CG models can be iteratively improved as
new data becomes publicly available. Our initial CG model and the detailed methods presented are intended to serve as a resource for researchers working on COVID-19 who are interested in performing multiscale simulations of the SARS-CoV-2 virion. |
|
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Insulin Treatment Increased Fatality in COVID-19
Patients with Diabetes |
Yu, Bo, Li, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Background: COVID-19 epidemic continues to spread rapidly around the world, causing severe multi-organ injury and high
mortality in a subset of patients. Individuals with diabetes mellitus are at a higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and worse outcomes than the general population without diabetes. While glucose control was observed to be associated with attenuated mortality,
limited evidence is available to determine whether glucose control by insulin was beneficial for COVID-19 patients with diabetes. |
|
Yu, Y, Wang, et al |
BMC Med Imaging |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection
d'agents pathogènes |
The study aimed to develop and validate a nomogram for early identification of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
based on initial clinical and CT characteristics. Age, density, mosaic perfusion sign and severity score of lung were independent risk factors for severe COVID-19. The nomogram had a AUC of 0.929 (95% CI, 0.889-0.969), sensitivity of 84.0% and specificity
of 86.3%, in the training cohort, and a AUC of 0.936 (95% CI, 0.867-1.000), sensitivity of 90.5% and specificity of 88.6% in the validation cohort. |
|
|
Zang, Xiao, Krebs, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Public Health Priorities| Priorités de santé publique Healthcare Response | Réponse
des soins de santé |
We estimated the potential impact of adding linked, opt-out HIV testing alongside SARS-CoV-2 testing on HIV incidence
and the cost-effectiveness of this strategy in six US cities. Although COVID-19-related disruptions in HIV-related services may increase or decrease HIV incidence, a campaign in which HIV testing is linked with SARS-CoV-2 testing could substantially reduce
HIV incidence and reduce direct and indirect health care costs attributable to HIV. |
|
|
Zhang, C, Zhu, et al |
Neuromodulation |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
The objective was to explore the utility of deep brain stimulation (DBS) telemedicine in the management of patients
with movement disorders from January 2019 to March 2020, covering the main period of the COVID-19 outbreak in China. The results showed: 1) the number of DBS telemedicine sessions requested and the number of patients examined increased during the COVID-19
outbreak in February and March 2020 when compared with the monthly numbers in 2019; 2) the most common reason for the patients' health service requests was poor symptom control; 3) the most common DBS tele-programming adjustment made was voltage change; 4)
overall, most (89%) DBS tele-programming adjustment sessions were experienced by the patients as satisfactory; and 5) significant adverse events and unexpected treatment interruptions caused by connection failure or other hardware- or software-related problems
did not occur. |
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|
Zhang, Hongmei |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Authors explored the serum thyroid function of the patients with COVID-19. The overall prevalence of a thyroid hormone
abnormality was 59.8% in the COVID-19 group and 11·0% in the control group ( p =0·000),of which nonthyroidal illness syndrome(NTIS)accounted for 48·7% and 4·1%, respectively, in the two groups ( p =0·000). The FT3 level, TSH level, and FT3/FT4 ratio decreased
and the percentage of NTIS increased accompanied with increasing severity of COVID-19(all p <0·001). The FT3/FT4 ratio was negatively correlated with COVID-19 death in the multivariate logistic regression analysis |
|
|
Zheng, Fan, Zhang, et al |
bioRxiv |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
In any 'omics study, the scale of analysis can dramatically affect the outcome. For instance, when clustering single-cell
transcriptomes, is the analysis tuned to discover broad or specific cell types? Likewise, protein communities revealed from protein networks can vary widely in sizes depending on the method. Here we use the concept of "persistent homology", drawn from mathematical
topology, to identify robust structures in data at all scales simultaneously. Application to mouse single-cell transcriptomes significantly expands the catalog of identified cell types, while analysis of SARS-COV-2 protein interactions suggests hijacking of
WNT. The method, HiDeF, is available via Python and Cytoscape.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest. |
|
|
Zhou, H, Jin, et al |
J Orthop Surg Res |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
Known independent risk factors include age, diabetes, and other chronic diseases, which may be similar to the patients
with chronic wound; thus, we try to explore the clinical characteristics, prognostic factors, and management recommendation of patients with chronic infective wounds during the COVID-19 epidemic period. Common comorbidities are hypertension (32%), diabetes
(32%), cardiovascular disease (24%), and kidney injury (12%), and the patients with gangrenes have the most comorbidities. As of May 10, 2020, there were 78 patients discharged, and their average stay time is 15.8 days (SD 14.2), while people still at the
hospital is 39.7 days (SD 8.7) much longer than the discharged and also has more comorbidities. But there is no significant difference in the hospitalization time of three types of wounds. And fortunately, none of all the patients were infected by coronavirus. |
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|
Zhou, J, Wang, et al |
Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Our aim was to investigate whether SARS-CoV-2 infection raised high risks of late pregnancy complications, and posed
health problems in fetuses and neonates. Results of blood samples collected at birth showed that 16 neonates had leukocytes (15.7 × 10(9)/L (IQR, 13.7-17.2)), neutrophils (11.1 × 10(9)/L (IQR, 9.2-13.2)), CK (401 U/L (IQR, 382-647)), and LDH (445 U/L (IQR,
417-559)). Twenty-four hours after birth, a neonate from COVID-19 woman had fever and positive of SARS-CoV-2 gene. Another woman had strongly positive for SARS-CoV-2 gene (+++) for 4 weeks, and delivered one neonate who had SARS-CoV-2 IgM (46 AU/mL) and IgG
(140 AU/mL) on day 1 after birth. In the third trimester, COVID-19 infection in pregnant patients raised high risks of ketonuria, hypercoagulable state, and hyperfibrinolysis, which may lead to severe complications |
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A database resource and online analysis tools for coronaviruses on a historical and
global scale |
Zhu, Z, Meng, et al |
Database (Oxford) |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
The recent outbreak of COVID-19 caused by a new zoonotic origin coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2 or 2019-nCoV) has sound the
alarm for the potential spread of epidemic coronavirus crossing species. With the urgent needs to assist disease control and to provide invaluable scientific information, we developed the coronavirus database (CoVdb), an online genomic, proteomic and evolutionary
analysis platform. CoVdb has brought together genomes of more than 5000 coronavirus strains, which were collected from 1941 to 2020, in more than 60 countries and in hosts belonging to more than 30 species, ranging from fish to human. CoVdb presents comprehensive
genomic information, such as gene function, subcellular localization, topology and protein structure. To facilitate coronavirus research, CoVdb also provides flexible search approaches and online tools to view and analyze protein structure, to perform multiple
alignments, to automatically build phylogenetic trees and to carry on evolutionary analyses. CoVdb can be accessed freely at http://covdb.popgenetics.net. Hopefully, it will accelerate the progress to develop medicines or vaccines to control the pandemic of
COVID-19. |
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SARS-CoV-2 samples may escape detection because of a single point
mutation in the N gene |
Ziegler, K, Steininger, et al |
Euro Surveill |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
We found that a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the nucleoprotein gene of severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from a patient interfered with detection in a widely used commercial assay. Some 0.2% of the isolates in the EpiCoV database contain this SNP. Although SARS-CoV-2 was still detected by the other probe in the assay, this underlines
the necessity of targeting two independent essential regions of a pathogen for reliable detection. |
|
Zuchelkowski, BE, Wang, et al |
PLoS One |
Therapeutics| Thérapeutique Animal model | Modèle animal |
Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is widely used in the treatment of malaria, rheumatologic disease such as lupus, and most
recently, COVID-19. hese uses raise concerns about its safe use in the setting of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, especially as 11% of African American men carry the G6PD A- variant. Residual erythrocyte G6PD activity in G6PD A- mice
was ~6% compared to wild-type (WT) littermates. Importantly, we found no evidence of clinically significant intravascular hemolysis, methemoglobinemia, or organ damage in response to high-dose HCQ. |
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Ahmed, T, Ahmed, et al |
Perfusion |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Bentonite Clay: A Potential Natural Sanitizer for Preventing Neurological Disorders |
Das, P, Tadikonda, et al |
ACS Chem Neurosci |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbances in COVID-19 patients: a meta-analysis |
Deng, J, Zhou, et al |
Ann N Y Acad Sci |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
SR-MA: searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, Wanfang Data, Wangfang Med Online, CNKI, and CQVIP
for relevant articles. We did not find any significant differences in the prevalence estimates between different genders; however, the depression and anxiety prevalence estimates varied based on different screening tools |
|
Gautam, SS, Gautam, et al |
Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Graversen, VK, Hamichi, et al |
Curr Opin Ophthalmol |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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PMC7529586; Coding Telemedicine Visits for Proper Reimbursement |
Gross, GN |
Curr Allergy Asthma Rep |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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A review of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in the
reproductive system |
Huang, HH, Wang, et al |
J Chin Med Assoc |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Jia, X, Al Rifai, et al |
Curr Atheroscler Rep |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Kiros, M, Andualem, et al |
Virol J |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Kosmeri, C, Koumpis, et al |
Pediatr Blood Cancer |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Association of Diabetes and Severe COVID-19
Outcomes: A Rapid Review and Meta-Analysis |
Kubjane, Mmamapudi, McCreedy, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
Rapid Review-MA: MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched for studies published between 01 January and 20 May 2020. People
living with diabetes are more likely to develop severe COVID-19 clinical course if hospitalised for COVID-19 than people not living with diabetes.
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Review on therapeutic targets for COVID-19: insights from cytokine storm |
Mélo Silva Júnior, ML, Souza, et al |
Postgrad Med J |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Mozaffari, M |
J Pharmacol Exp Ther |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Noorimotlagh, Z, Mirzaee, et al |
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
SR: systematic search was conducted on April 24, 2020. Main database of the Elsevier Bibliographic Database (Scopus),
Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) Web Science, Google Scholar, PubMed (MEDLINE), World Health Organization, and American Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The results also demonstrate that temperature and relative humidity are important
factors in the survival of SARS-CoV-2. The main strategies recommended by the WHO to avoid contracting SARS-CoV-2 are hand washing several times in the day and maintaining social distancing with others. It is important to note that the more studies require
addressing, the more possible airborne transmission due to the survival of SARS-CoV-2 in aerosols for 3 h approximately. |
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Olaniyan, OT, Dare, et al |
J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Simons, D, Shahab, et al |
Addiction |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
Rapid Review-MA: Published articles and pre-prints were identified via MEDLINE and medRxiv. Compared with never smokers,
current smokers appear to be at reduced risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection while former smokers appear to be at increased risk of hospitalisation, increased disease severity and mortality from COVID-19. However, it is uncertain whether these associations are causal. |
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Tisdale, AK, Chwalisz, et al |
Curr Opin Ophthalmol |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Brain and COVID-19 Crosstalk: Pathophysiological and Psychological Manifestations |
Verma, K, Amitabh, et al |
ACS Chem Neurosci |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Inflammation and Intussusceptive Angiogenesis in COVID-19: everything in and out
of Flow |
Ackermann, M, Mentzer, et al |
Eur Respir J |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Ahmed, Z |
Hum Genomics |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Albalawi, M, Zaidi, et al |
JMIR Res Protoc |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Au, L, Boos, et al |
Cell |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Badnjević, A, Pokvić, et al |
Biomed Eng Online |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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PMC7530858; Why should medical students (not) be recruited to care for patients
with COVID-19? |
Bank, I, Wijnen-Meijer, et al |
BMC Med Educ |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Covid-19: People are gathering again, but can crowds be made safe? |
Baraniuk, C |
Bmj |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Barbara, G, Facchin, et al |
J Womens Health (Larchmt) |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Bhopal, SS, Cannon, et al |
Bmj |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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The outcome of COVID-19 in patients with hematological malignancy |
Cakir, B |
J Med Virol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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PMC7472965; COVID-19 Makes B Cells Forget, but T Cells Remember |
Cañete, PF, Vinuesa, et al |
Cell |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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At Home Testing for Sexually Transmitted Infections During the COVID-19 Pandemic |
Carnevale, C, Richards, et al |
Sex Transm Dis |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Cho, Y, Yoon, et al |
J Diabetes Investig |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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de Jong, A, Roca, et al |
Intensive Care Med |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Dennis, Alicia |
The Lancet |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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DeSouza, F, Parker, et al |
J Racial Ethn Health Disparities |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Dreisbach, JL, Mendoza-Dreisbach, et al |
J Public Health (Oxf) |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Dyer, O |
Bmj |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Edwards, JessieK, Cole, et al |
The Lancet |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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COVID-19 Therapies in Brazil: Should We Be Concerned with the Impacts on Aquatic Wildlife? |
Farias, DF, Souza, et al |
Environ Toxicol Chem |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Frangogiannis, NG |
Eur Heart J |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Glaus, MatthewJ, Von Ruden, et al |
The Lancet |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Cell-Based Therapy for Severe COVID-19 Patients: Clinical Trials and Cost-Utility |
Golchin, A |
Stem Cell Rev Rep |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Gould, KA |
Dimens Crit Care Nurs |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Gurenlian, JR, Eklund, et al |
J Dent Hyg |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Hadi, YB, Naqvi, et al |
Am J Gastroenterol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Hamed, H |
Br J Surg |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Han, Susie, Gutmann Koch, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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"The My Friend Diabetes Camp" was Held Online in Turkey This Year Due
to the COVID-19 Pandemic |
Hatun, Ş, Yeşiltepe Mutlu, et al |
J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
|
Hofmeyer, A, Taylor, et al |
J Clin Nurs |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Covid-19: Prevalence has quadrupled in England since start of September, study shows |
Iacobucci, G |
Bmj |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Gastrointestinal Hemorrhages in Patients With COVID-19 Managed With Transarterial
Embolization |
Ierardi, AM, Del Giudice, et al |
Am J Gastroenterol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Iheduru-Anderson, K |
Nurs Inq |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Jaffe, Susan |
The Lancet |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Ocular Protection Not Used During Elective Cochlear Implant and Mastoid Surgery During
Covid-19 Era |
Jaiswal, V, Fraser, et al |
Laryngoscope |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
|
Kerr, David, Glantz, et al |
The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Kidde, J, Sahebkar, et al |
J Infect Dis |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Klingner, CC, Brodoehl, et al |
Nervenarzt |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Kluger, N |
J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Geospatial Hotspots Need Point-of-Care Strategies to Stop Highly Infectious Outbreaks |
Kost, GJ |
Arch Pathol Lab Med |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Are severe asthma patients at higher risk of developing severe outcomes from COVID-19? |
Kow, CS, Capstick, et al |
Allergy |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Kumar, A |
Postgrad Med J |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Li, J, Zhu, et al |
Environ Health Prev Med |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Liu, Chuncheng |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Our 5-year experience of a new inflammatory teledermoscopy service |
Lowe, A, Stone, et al |
Clin Exp Dermatol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Covid-19: 120 million rapid tests pledged to low and middle income countries |
Mahase, E |
Bmj |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Mateen, M, Kan, et al |
Clin Teach |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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PMC7179059; Teaching Professional Formation in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic |
McCullough, LB, Coverdale, et al |
Acad Med |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Best Practices for Human Milk Collection for COVID-19 Research |
McGuire, MichelleK, Seppo, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Metz, TD |
Bjog |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Mihalopoulos, C, Chatterton, et al |
Aust N Z J Psychiatry |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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O'Malley, PA |
Clin Nurse Spec |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Nat Rev Immunol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Pfitzer, A, Lathrop, et al |
Glob Health Sci Pract |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Understanding the magnitude of risk associated with Zika virus infection in pregnancy |
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Bjog |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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PMC7523475 interest; The Role of the Pediatric Intensivist in the Coronavirus
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PMC7528949; Introductions to the Community: Early-Career Researchers in the Time
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Appendix: Process and definitions.
A daily search for new publications is conducted in PubMed, Scopus,
BioRxiv and MedRxiv, SSRN,
Research Square,
arXiv for all publications related to COVID-19 disease or SARS-CoV-2 using the search terms (COVID-19 OR SARS-CoV-2
OR "novel CoV" OR "novel coronavirus" OR nCoV) adapted to each database. The capture is cross-referenced with publication announcements on the COVID-19 dashboards set up by a number of publishers and google. Publishers include
Lancet,
Elsevier,
The New England Journal of Medicine,
BMJ, Wiley,
Springer Nature, ChinaCDCweekly.
Additionally the database is cross-referenced with other literature scans and activities by collaborators. Members of the Emerging Sciences group examine and shorten the abstract or develop 1 -2 point summaries of each publication. Please email Lisa
Waddell for additional information: Lisa.Waddell@canada.ca.
References are compiled in a reworks database that has citations since the beginning of the outbreak. All references can be accessed at this
link and by the categories listed below. The daily scan has also been compiled in an excel sheet and copies can be provided upon request or
accessed
here.
Category Definitions:
Modelling/ prediction: Predictive modeling is a process that uses data mining and probability to forecast outcomes. Each model is made up of a number of predictors, which are variables that are likely
to influence future results.
Epidemiology: the branch of medicine which deals with the incidence, distribution, and possible control of diseases and other factors relating to health. Includes Ro,
attack rates, case number doubling time, case fatality rate, serial interval, clinical attack rate, asymptomatic fraction, proportion of asymptomatic and infective*
Transmission: The passage of a pathogen causing communicable disease from an infected host to an uninfected host via direct or indirect routes.
Clinical data of cases: Includes clinical parameters such as incubation period, latent period, period of communicability, duration of illness, duration of hospitalization, host risk factors, as well
as clinical profiles of patients; presenting symptoms, symptoms over course of illness, sequelae, comorbidities.*
Surveillance: Public health surveillance is the continuous, systematic collection, analysis and interpretation of health-related data. Surveillance data will likely be number of cases suspected/confirmed,
number of deaths, number recovered. *
Coronavirology: All research relating to the virus; its characteristics, genetic make-up, phylogenetic analyses
Diagnostics / Pathogen detection:
All studies on identification of the virus; culture, PCR, antibody/antigen tests etc.
Therapeutics: Studies of substances that may be used to treat infected hosts including passive immunization products.
Vaccine Research: Studies of vaccine candidates to prevent infection with 2019-nCoV including clinical trials.
Public Health Priorities: These citations will focus on what the current research priorities are and/or where knowledge gaps exist.
Public Health interventions*:
Any study evaluating how effective a public health intervention is or maybe (in the case of a predictive model).
Public Health response:
These papers are typically overviews of past and current activities, they often also identify knowledge gaps and suggest future activities or objectives.
Infection Prevention and Control/
Prévention et contrôle des infections (IPAC/PCI): Any research on the effectiveness of IPC interventions should also be tagged as IPC
Health care Response: This foci would include a description of activities to deal with 2019-nCoV cases including, but not limited to: set up of a special emergency multi-disciplinary intensive care team; Bed and medical equipment
preparation/ stock piling supplies; Education and training of staff; Early case recognition and classification of disease severity.
Economics: papers discussing/ forecasting the economics of COVID-19 pandemic.
Immunology: the study of the immune system and includes serology studies in conjunction with other foci (e.g. epidemiology or diagnostics)
Animal Model:
An animal model is a living, non-human, often genetic-engineered animal used during the research and investigation of human disease, for the purpose of better understanding the disease
process without the added risk of harming an actual human.
Zoonotic:
all literature discussing the transmission to and from or occurrence of naturally acquired SARS-COV-2 infection in animals.
Review Literature: All articles that summarize the published literature can be tagged as a review. This includes systematic review, meta-analysis, scoping review, overviews, umbrella reviews*
Commentary/Editorial: For commentaries, editorials, letters to the editor, other types of opinion pieces where there is no new data collected by the author or analysis conducted by the author, please tag these within the commentary
category.
News articles that have not scientific information.
*Lists are not exhaustive
Annexe: Processus et définitions.
Une recherche quotidienne des nouvelles publications est effectuée dans PubMed, Scopus,
BioRxiv and MedRxiv,
SSRN,
Research Square,
arXiv
pour toutes les publications relatives à la maladie COVID-19 ou au SRAS-CoV-2 en utilisant les termes de recherche (COVID-19 OU SARS-CoV-2 OU « novel CoV » OU « novel coronavirus » OU nCoV). La saisie renvoie à des annonces de publication
sur les tableaux de bord du nCoV mis en place par un certain nombre d'éditeurs et par Google. Parmi les éditeurs figurent
Lancet,
Elsevier,
The New England Journal of Medicine,
BMJ,
Wiley,
Springer Nature,
ChinaCDCweekly. En outre, la base de données renvoie à d'autres survols de publications, et à des activités des collaborateurs.
Les membres du groupe scientifique émergent préparent des résumés en 1 ou 2 points de chaque publication. Pour en savoir plus, veuillez envoyer un courriel à Lisa Waddell au :
Lisa.Waddell@canada.ca.
Les références sont compilées dans une base de données Refworks qui contient des citations depuis le début de l'épidémie. Toutes les références sont accessibles à partir de ce
lien et par les catégories énumérées ci-dessous. L'analyse quotidienne a également été compilée
dans une feuille Excel et des copies peuvent être fournies sur demande ou consultées
ici.
Définitions des catégories :
Modélisation / prédiction : La modélisation prédictive est un processus qui utilise l'exploration de données et la probabilité pour prévoir les résultats.
Chaque modèle est composé de plusieurs prédicteurs, qui sont des variables susceptibles d'influencer les résultats futurs.
Épidémiologie :
Branche de la médecine qui traite de l'incidence, de la répartition et du contrôle éventuel des maladies et d'autres facteurs liés à la santé. Comprend le taux de reproduction de base (Ro), les taux d'attaque,
le temps de doublement du nombre de cas, le taux de létalité, l'intervalle sériel, le taux d'attaque clinique, la fraction asymptomatique, la proportion de cas asymptomatiques et infectieux*.
Transmission :
Passage d'un agent pathogène causant une maladie transmissible d'un hôte infecté à un hôte non infecté par des voies directes ou indirectes.
Données cliniques
des cas : Comprend les paramètres cliniques tels que la période d'incubation, la période de latence, la période de contagiosité, la durée de la maladie, la durée de l'hospitalisation, les facteurs de risque de l'hôte, ainsi que
les profils cliniques des patients; les symptômes présentés, les symptômes au cours de la maladie, les séquelles, les comorbidités.*
Surveillance : La surveillance de la santé publique est la collecte, l'analyse et l'interprétation continues et systématiques de données relatives à la santé.
Les données de surveillance concerneront probablement le nombre de cas suspects / confirmés, le nombre de décès, le nombre de personnes guéries. *
Coronavirologie : Toutes les recherches relatives au virus, ses caractéristiques, sa constitution génétique et les analyses phylogénétiques.
Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes : Toutes les études sur l'identification du virus : culture, PCR, tests de dépistage d'anticorps ou d’antigènes,
etc.
Thérapeutique :
Étude des substances pouvant être utilisées pour traiter les hôtes infectés, y compris les produits d'immunisation passive.
Recherche sur les vaccins : Études des candidats à la vaccination pour prévenir l'infection par le 2019-nCoV, y compris des essais cliniques.
Priorités de santé publique :
Ces citations porteront sur les priorités actuelles de recherche et/ou sur les lacunes dans les connaissances.
Interventions de santé publique* :
Toute étude évaluant l'efficacité (réelle ou possible) d'une intervention de santé publique (dans le cas d'un modèle prédictif).
Réponse de la santé publique :
Ces articles sont généralement des aperçus des activités passées et actuelles, qui identifient souvent les lacunes dans les connaissances et suggèrent des activités ou des objectifs futurs.
Prévention et contrôle des infections/Infection Prevention and Control (PCI/IPAC) :
Les recherches sur l'efficacité des interventions en PCI doivent également être marquées comme PCI.
Réponse des soins de santé :
Ce point comprendrait une description des activités pour traiter les cas de 2019-nCoV, notamment : mise en place d'une équipe multidisciplinaire spéciale de soins intensifs d'urgence; préparation des lits et des équipements médicaux
/ stockage des fournitures; sensibilisation et formation du personnel; reconnaissance précoce des cas et classification de la gravité de la maladie.
Immunologie : l'étude du système immunitaire et comprend des études sérologiques en conjonction avec d'autres foyers (p. ex. épidémiologie ou diagnostic)
Modèle
animal:
Un modèle animal est un animal vivant, non humain, souvent génétiquement modifié, utilisé lors de la recherche et de l'investigation des maladies humaines, dans
le but de mieux comprendre le processus de la maladie sans risque supplémentaire de nuire à un humain réel.
Zoonotic:
all literature discussing the transmission to and from or occurrence of naturally acquired SARS-COV-2 infection in animals.
Économie: documents discutant / prévoyant l'économie de la pandémie de COVID-19
Revue de la documentation :
Tous les articles qui résument les documents publiés peuvent être marqués comme une revue. Cela comprend les revues systématiques, les méta-analyses, les études de la portée, les aperçus, les examens généraux*.
Commentaires/Éditorial : Pour les commentaires, éditoriaux, lettres à la rédaction, autres types d'articles d'opinion pour lesquels aucune nouvelle donnée n'est collectée ou aucune
analyse n'est effectuée par l'auteur, veuillez les marquer dans la catégorie des commentaires.
journaux Articles de presse qui n'ont pas d'informations scientifiques.
* Les listes ne sont pas exhaustives