Good afternoon,
There are 360 citations in today’s scan. 233 were considered primary research or review literature.
Highlights today include:
CANADA
·
Papanastasiou et al.
study factors associated with COVID-19 social distancing regulation compliance within a sample of Ontarians. Variables related to one’s risk of infection (e.g. health status, age, working outside the home, regional infection rates), as well as gender,
political beliefs, and risk perception, were predicators of social distancing compliance. Wage subsidies and fines also played a role in full compliance with social distancing regulations.
·
Campbell, et al.
identified 5 groups within Canada who should be prioritized for active RT-PCR testing: contacts of people who are positive for SARS-CoV-2, and 4 at-risk populations — hospital employees, community health care workers and people in long-term care facilities,
essential business employees, and schoolchildren and staff. They estimated costs, human resources and laboratory capacity required to test people in each group or to perform surveillance testing in random samples. Active testing of groups at increased risk
of acquiring SARS-CoV-2 appears feasible and would support the safe reopening of the economy and schools more broadly.
PUBLIC HEALTH INTERVENTIONS
·
Cohen et al. (preprint)
examined the impact of different school reopening scenarios on transmission within and outside of schools. Schools can lower this risk to as low as 0.2% for staff and 0.1% for students by returning elementary schools
with a hybrid schedule while all other grades continue learning remotely. Despite the significant risks to the school population, reopening schools would not significantly increase community-wide transmission, provided sufficient countermeasures are implemented
in schools.
·
Cheetham et al.
use a SEIR model to describe the transmission of COVID-19 infection in London, UK as social distancing practises start to relax. The finding caution against a full relaxation of social distancing measures, and suggest a second wave of infections could
be mitigated by keeping daily contacts to less than 5-6 individuals within the study population.
·
Bubar et al provide a model-informed COVID-19 vaccine prioritization strategy that can be optimized to minimize mortality or incidence. They find that
a transmission-blocking vaccine prioritized to adults ages 20-49 years minimizes cumulative incidence and to adults over 60 years minimizes mortality. Direct vaccination of adults over 60 years minimizes mortality for vaccines that do not block transmission.
·
Baker et al model future effect of climate on SARS-CoV-2 finding that assuming the susceptible population remains large, more stringent NPIs may be required
to minimize outbreak risk in the winter months.
·
Barreda, et al.
model the risk of in-room airborne disease transmission via expiratory particle emission versus the average loudness of vocalization and for variable room ventilation rates. The model indicates that a 6-decibel reduction in average vocalization intensity
yields a reduction in aerosol transmission probability equivalent to doubling the room ventilation rate. Public health authorities should consider implementing "quiet zones" in high-risk indoor environments.
·
Taylor et al.
(preprint) Analysis of alternative quarantine strategies for travellers entering the UK where in august 895 infectious travellers are arriving per week, 87% are on the 14 day quarantine list. 14 day isolation is 78% effective, RT-PCR at airport is 39.6%
effective (detects 2/5 infected travellers), RT-PCR 4 days after arrival 64.3% effective and arrival + 4 day RT-PCR test is 68.9% effective.
TRANSMISSION
·
Voeten et al. apply whole genome sequencing to a COVID-19 outbreak in Netherlands to demonstrate the outbreak was not linked to
a single exposure event at a Church gathering as initially hypothesized. In contact, genome sequencing demonstrates the outbreak may be linked to widespread regional circulation of the virus in the weeks preceding the outbreak.
IMMUNOLOGY
·
Chong et al
detected SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG production in all 18 infected individuals tested, using a rapid antibody kit, irrespective of clinical status. However, findings suggest that, in some infected individuals, particularly those with asymptomatic status,
the presence of virus-specific IgG antibodies does not imply prompt viral clearance.
EPIDEMIOLOGY
·
Domenech de Celles et al., (preprint)
hypothesized that influenza interacted with SARS-CoV-2 during the early 2020 epidemic of COVID-19 in Europe. They found consistent evidence for a 2-2.5-fold population-level increase in SARS-CoV-2 transmission associated
with influenza during the period of co-circulation. These results suggest the need to increase vaccination against influenza, not only to reduce the burden due to influenza viruses, but also to counteract their facilitatory impact on SARS-CoV-2.
·
Wu et al.
use a semi-Bayesian probabilistic bias analysis to account for incomplete testing and imperfect diagnostic accuracy. We estimate 6,454,951 cumulative infections compared to 721,245 confirmed cases (1.9% vs. 0.2% of the population)
in the United States as of April 18, 2020. Accounting for uncertainty, the number of infections during this period was 3 to 20 times higher than the number of confirmed cases.
·
Iqbal
et al. described the psychiatric morbidity associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in referrals to a consultation-liaison psychiatry service in Qatar. The principal psychiatric diagnoses made were delirium (n = 13), psychosis (n = 9), acute stress
reaction (n = 8), anxiety disorder (n = 8), depression (n = 8) and mania (n = 8). Delirium was confined to the COVID-19 symptomatic group (the exception being one asymptomatic patient with concurrent physical illness). One patient with COVID-19 pneumonia experienced
an ischaemic stroke. Approximately half the patients with mania and psychosis had no past psychiatric history. The commonest psychiatric symptoms were sleep disturbance (70%), anxiety (64%), agitation (50%), depressed mood (42%) and irritability (36%).
CLINICAL DATA
·
Chen et al
highlight the importance for clinicians to pay attention to the appearance of spontaneous pneumothorax. They report a case of 66-year-old man that had recovered from COVID-19. However, on hospital day 30, the patient presented with a sudden chest pain
and dyspnea. CT showed a 30-40% left-sided pneumothorax. Immediate thoracic closed drainage was performed and his dyspnea was rapidly improved.
·
Pierrakos et
al. Two patients with respiratory failure due to confirmed COVID-19 were examined using bedside lung ultrasound (LUS) shortly after intubation and start of invasive ventilation. These two cases illustrate how LUS could
be useful in identifying different lung morphologies early after the start of invasive ventilation and help decide on adjunctive therapies. This has possible implications for ventilator management in resource-limited settings, with limited availability of
chest computed tomography and blood gas analyzers.
THERAPEUTICS
·
Mohamed et al
conduct an open labeled, randomized, parallel study compared the effect of 30 seconds, 3 times/day gargling using 1% povidone-iodine (PVP-I), essential oils and tap water on SARS-CoV-2 viral clearance among COVID-19 patients in a tertiary hospital in
Kuala Lumpur. Results indicate that gargling with 1% PVP-I and essential oils show great potential to be part of the treatment and management of Stage 1 COVID-19.
CORONAVIROLOGY
·
Banerjee, et al.
show that there exists a theoretical possibility of future recombination events between SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV RNA. Through computational analyses, we have identified homologous genomic regions within the ORF1ab and S genes that could facilitate recombination.
we suggest that a recombination between SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV RNA is possible and urge public health laboratories in high-risk areas to develop diagnostic capability for the detection of recombined coronaviruses in patient samples.
Regards,
Lisa Waddell, Tricia Corrin, Rukshanda Ahmad, Robyn Odell, Maribeth Mitri, Julie Theriault, Dobrila Todoric, Alejandra Dubois, Christina Bancej, Austyn Baumeister, Anam Khan, Musaab Younis, Lien Mi Tien, Dima Ayache, Angela Sloan, Kaitlin
Young, Chatura Prematunge, Ainsley Otten
Focus areas: Modelling/ prediction, Epidemiology, Transmission, Clinical data, Surveillance, Coronavirology, Diagnostics / Pathogen detection, Therapeutics,
Vaccine Research, Public health interventions, Public Health response, Public Health Priorities, IPAC, Health care response, immunology, economics, animal model, zoonoses, Review Literature, Commentary/Editorial, news
Domaines cibles: Modélisation/prédiction, Épidémiologie, Transmission, Données cliniques, Surveillance, Coronavirologie, Diagnostics
/ Détection d'agents pathogènes, Thérapeutique, Recherche sur les vaccins, Interventions de santé publique, Priorités de santé publique, PCI,
Réponse des soins de santé, immunologie, économie, modèle animal, zoonoses, Revue de littérature, Commentaire/Éditorial, journaux
|
PUBLICATIONS |
AUTHORS / AUTEURS |
SOURCE |
FOCI / DOMAINE |
SUMMARY / SOMMAIRE |
Blood neurofilament light concentration at admittance: a potential prognostic marker in COVID-19 |
Aamodt, Anne Hege, Høgestøl, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Objective To test the hypotheses that serum concentrations of neurofilament light chain protein (NfL) and glial fibrillary
acidic protein (GFAp) can serve as biomarkers for disease severity in COVID-19 patients. Methods Forty-seven inpatients with confirmed COVID-19 had blood samples drawn on admission for assessing serum biomarkers of CNS injury by Single molecule array (Simoa),
NfL and GFAp. Concentrations of NfL and GFAp were analyzed in relation to symptoms, clinical signs, inflammatory biomarkers and clinical outcomes. We used multivariate linear models to test for differences in biomarker concentrations in the subgroups, accounting
for confounding effects. Results In total, 21 % (n=10) of the patients were admitted to an intensive care unit, whereas the overall mortality rate was 13 % (n=6). Non-survivors had higher serum concentrations of NfL (p<0.001) than patients who were discharged
alive both in adjusted analyses (p=2.6 x 10-7) and unadjusted analyses (p=0.001). The concentrations of NfL in non-survivors increased over repeated measurements whereas the concentrations in survivors were stable. Significantly higher concentrations of NfL
were found in patients reporting fatigue, while reduced concentrations were found in patients experiencing cough, myalgia and joint pain. The GFAp concentration was also significantly higher in non-survivors than survivors (p=0.02). Conclusion Increased concentrations
of NfL and GFAp in COVID-19 patients on admission may indicate increased mortality risk. Measurement of blood biomarkers for nervous system injury can be useful to detect and monitor CNS injury in COVID-19 |
|
Ali, F, Elserafy, et al |
Biochem Biophys Rep |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
The susceptibility of different populations to SARS-CoV-2 infection is not yet understood. Here, we combined ACE2 coding variants' analysis in different
populations and computational chemistry calculations to probe the effects on SARS-CoV-2/ACE2 interaction. ACE2-K26R; which is most frequent in Ashkenazi Jewish population decreased the SARS-CoV-2/ACE2 electrostatic attraction. On the contrary, ACE2-I468V,
R219C, K341R, D206G, G211R increased the electrostatic attraction; ordered by binding strength from weakest to strongest. The aforementioned variants are most frequent in East Asian, South Asian, African and African American, European, European and South Asian
populations, respectively. |
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Household transmission in people infected with SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)
in Lima-Peru |
Angulo-Bazán, Yolanda, Solis, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Transmission |
Objective: Describe the characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infection among household members with a confirmed primary case of COVID-19 in low burden districts
in Metropolitan Lima. Materials and Methods: A retrospective, secondary database review study was conducted. The information was collected from an epidemiological surveillance activity in close contacts (co-inhabitants) in 52 households in Metropolitan Lima
with only one member with COVID-19. A reevaluation was carried out in 10 households. Epidemiological and clinical variables were evaluated and its association with the result of the rapid serological test (presence of IgG, IgM or both). Results: Secondary
cases were found in 40 households, which represents an average of 49.9% identification per household. A secondary attack rate of 53.0% (125 cases) was found among cohabitants, with 77.6% of cases being symptomatic (symptomatic / asymptomatic ratio: 3.5). The
presence of fever and / or chills was found in 40.0% of people with a positive result, followed by a sore throat, in 39.2%. Ageusia and anosmia were present in 22.4% and 20.8% of cases, respectively. A reevaluation in 40 family members 33.6 +/- 2.7 days after
the first evaluation, show the persistence of positive IgM and IgG in the 20 positive cases in the first evaluation. Conclusion: Having a primary case of COVID-19 in home, the secondary attack rate of this infection is 53%; however, in a significant proportion
of households evaluated there was no positive case, beyond the primary case. The epidemiological and clinical characteristics found in this case were in accordance with what has already been reported in other international series |
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Covid-Transformer: Detecting Trending Topics on Twitter Using Universal Sentence Encoder |
Asgari-Chenaghlu, M |
ArXiv |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
In this work, we try to analyze the tweets and detect the trending topics and major concerns of people on Twitter, which can enable us to better understand
the situation, and devise better planning. More specifically we propose a model based on the universal sentence encoder to detect the main topics of Tweets in recent months. |
|
Age-structured SIR model and resource growth dynamics: A preliminary
COVID-19 study |
Babajanyan, SG, Cheong, et al |
medRxiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
In this paper, we discuss three different response strategies to a disease outbreak and their economic implications in an age-structured population. We
have utilized the classical age structured SIR-model, thus assuming that recovered people will not be infected again. Available resource dynamics is governed by the well-known logistic growth model, in which the reproduction coefficient depends on the disease
outbreak spreading dynamics. We further investigate the feedback interaction of the disease spread dynamics and resource growth dynamics with the premise that the quality of treatment depends on the current economic situation. The very inclusion of mortality
rates and economic considerations in the same model may be incongruous under certain positions, but in this model, we take a 'realpolitik' approach by exploring all of these factors together as it is done in reality |
|
Assessing the influence of climate on future wintertime SARS-CoV-2
outbreaks |
Baker, RachelE, Yang, et al |
medRxiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Transmission Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique |
High susceptibility has limited the role of the climate in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic to date. However, understanding
a possible future effect of climate, as susceptibility declines and the northern-hemisphere winter approaches, is an important open question. Here we use an epidemiological model, constrained by observations, to assess the sensitivity of future SARS-CoV-2
disease trajectories to local climate conditions. We find this sensitivity depends on both the susceptibility of the population and the efficacy of non-pharmaceutical controls (NPIs) in reducing transmission. Assuming high susceptibility, more stringent NPIs
may be required to minimize outbreak risk in the winter months. Our results imply a role for meteorological forecasts in projecting outbreak severity, however, reducing uncertainty in epidemiological parameters will likely have a greater impact on generating
accurate predictions and reflects the strong leverage of NPIs on future outbreak severity |
|
Banerjee, A, Doxey, et al |
J Gen Virol |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
Here we show that there exists a theoretical possibility of future recombination events between SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV
RNA. Through computational analyses, we have identified homologous genomic regions within the ORF1ab and S genes that could facilitate recombination. we suggest that a recombination between SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV RNA is possible and urge public health laboratories
in high-risk areas to develop diagnostic capability for the detection of recombined coronaviruses in patient samples. |
|
|
Bararia, Akash, Ghosh, et al |
medRxiv |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes |
For this prediction model, a neural network based on Chest X-ray images has been developed. Alongside the aim is also
to generate a case record form that would include prediction model result along with few other subclinical factors for generating disease identification. Once found positive then only it will proceed to RT-PCR for final validation. The final neural network-based
prediction model showed an accuracy of 81% with sensitivity of 82% and specificity of 90%. The AUC score obtained is 93.7%. |
|
|
Barco, S, Bingisser, et al |
Trials |
RCT |
The OVID study will demonstrate whether prophylactic-dose enoxaparin improves survival and reduces hospitalizations
in symptomatic ambulatory patients aged 50 or older diagnosed with COVID-19. |
|
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The Impact of Vocalization Loudness on COVID-19 Transmission in Indoor
Spaces |
Barreda, S, A |
ArXiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Transmission
Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique |
Here, we model the risk of in-room airborne disease transmission via expiratory particle emission versus the average
loudness of vocalization and for variable room ventilation rates. The model indicates that a 6-decibel reduction in average vocalization intensity yields a reduction in aerosol transmission probability equivalent to doubling the room ventilation rate. Public
health authorities should consider implementing "quiet zones" in high-risk indoor environments. |
|
Bassett, IngridV, Triant, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Objective: To evaluate differences by race/ethnicity in clinical characteristics and outcomes among hospitalized patients
with Covid-19 at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH). Methods: The MGH Covid-19 Registry includes confirmed SARS-CoV-2-infected patients hospitalized at MGH and is based on manual chart reviews and data extraction from electronic health records (EHRs). We
evaluated differences between White/Non-Hispanic and Hispanic patients in demographics, complications and 14-day outcomes among the N=866 patients hospitalized with Covid-19 from March 11, 2020 - May 4, 2020. Results: Overall, 43% of patients hospitalized
with Covid-19 were women, median age was 60.4 IQR = (48.2, 75)], 11.3% were Black/non-Hispanic and 35.2% were Hispanic. Hispanic patients, representing 35.2% of patients, were younger than White/non-Hispanic patients median age 51y; IQR = (40.6, 61.6) versus
72y; (58.0, 81.7) (p<0.001)]. Hispanic patients were symptomatic longer before presenting to care (median 5 vs 3d, p=0.039) but were more likely to be sent home with self-quarantine than be admitted to hospital (29% vs 16%, p<0.001). Hispanic patients had
fewer comorbidities yet comparable rates of ICU or death (34% vs 36%). Nonetheless, a greater proportion of Hispanic patients recovered by 14 days after presentation (62% vs 45%, p<0.001; OR = 1.99, p = 0.011 in multivariable adjusted model) and fewer died
(2% versus 18%, p<0.001). Conclusions: Hospitalized Hispanic patients were younger and had fewer comorbidities compared to White/non-Hispanic patients; despite comparable rates of ICU care or death, a greater proportion recovered. These results have implications
for public health policy and the design and conduct of clinical trials |
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COVID-19 associated with AIDS-related disseminated histoplasmosis: a case report |
Bertolini, M, Mutti, et al |
Int J STD AIDS |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We report the case of a male patient with AIDS-related disseminated histoplasmosis associated with COVID-19. |
|
Social Distance Monitor with a Wearable Magnetic Field Proximity Sensor |
Bian, S, Zhou, et al |
Sensors (Basel) |
Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique |
We proposed, implemented, and evaluated a wearable proximity sensing system based on an oscillating magnetic field
that overcomes many of the weaknesses of the current state of the art Bluetooth based proximity detection. Our work demonstrated that the proposed system is much more reliable than the widely-used Bluetooth-based approach, particularly when it comes to distinguishing
between distances above and below the 2.0 m threshold due to the magnetic field’s physical properties. |
|
Environmental and Aerosolized SARS-CoV-2 Among Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients |
Binder, RA, Alarja, et al |
J Infect Dis |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques Infection Prevention and
Control/ Prévention et contrôle des infections (IPAC/PCI) |
During April and May 2020, we studied 20 hospitalized COVID-19 patients, their hospital rooms (fomites and aerosols),
and their close contacts for molecular and culture evidence of SARS-CoV-2 virus. Among the more than 400 samples, we found molecular evidence of virus in most sample types, especially the nasopharygeal (NP), saliva, and fecal samples, but the prevalence of
molecular positivity among fomites and aerosols was low. |
|
Birenbaum-Carmeli, D, Chassida, et al |
Int J Equity Health |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
The present study examines patterns of the first wave of Covid-19 morbidity in Israel at the macro level, during the
period of late February to early June 2020, when the first wave has faded out. We attribute the low morbidity rates in communities with relatively small elderly populations to the exceptionally high fertility rates in ultra-orthodox communities that sustained
increased rates of morbidity; the lower morbidity in Arab communities is attributed to several factors, including the spatial Jewish-Arab segregation. |
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OxIS 2019: New Media Habits Meet the Pandemic and Social Distancing |
Blank, Grant, Dutton, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
The COVID-19 pandemic has encouraged many activities, from healthcare to education, to substantially increase their
reliance in online media. Even a decade ago, this would have been unthinkable. This move has been remarkably successful, despite major issues, such as around those without access to online services in their household. But this success has not only been a function
of access but also the degree to which the Internet and related online services had already been embedded in everyday life and work. This paper documents the embedded nature of the Internet in the case of the many countries and the UK – where going online
had become a habit rather than a new thing. This is one of a series of reports on the 2019 Oxford Internet Survey, Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford. The authors thank the UK Department for Digital, Culture, Media & Sport; Google Inc., and BT,
for their support of this survey. This report is the fourth in the series of reports on OxIS 2019. The first report provided an overview of key themes, see:
https://ssrn.com/abstract=3493763 The second focused on the narrowing but deepening digital divides across the nation, see:
https://ssrn.com/abstract=3522083 The third focused on the rise of mobile Internet use, see:
https://ssrn.com/abstract=3538301 All the reports in this series are available through the Oxford Internet Survey (OxIS) blog:
https://oxis.oii.ox.ac.uk/blog/. |
|
Breen, Richard, Ermisch, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
The first part of the paper studies the geographical impact of Covid-19 infection on age-standardised sex-specific
excess death rates during the peak months of the pandemic so far, March through May 2020. The second part examines monthly mortality dynamics in relation to predictions from a spatial SIR (Susceptible, Infected, Recovered) model of infection introduced by
Bisin and Moro (2020). The analysis indicates that during the peak months of the Covid-19 pandemic, a larger (ethnic) non-white population and higher social deprivation in an area were associated with higher excess mortality, particularly among men. Regarding
dynamics, higher population density accelerated the growth in mortality during the upsurge in infection and increased its rate of decline after the peak of the epidemic, thereby producing a more peaked mortality profile. There is also evidence of a slower
post-peak decline in mortality in more socially deprived areas but a more rapid decline in areas with a larger non-white population. |
|
|
Model-informed COVID-19 vaccine prioritization strategies by age
and serostatus |
Bubar, KateM, Kissler, et al |
medRxiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Public health interventions*| Interventions
de santé publique Vaccine Research| Recherche sur les vaccins |
When a vaccine for COVID-19 becomes available, limited initial supply will raise the question of how to prioritize
the available doses and thus underscores the need for transparent, evidence-based strategies that relate knowledge of, and uncertainty in, disease transmission, risk, vaccine efficacy, and existing population immunity. Here, we employ a model-informed approach
to vaccine prioritization that evaluates the impact of prioritization strategies on cumulative incidence and mortality and accounts for population factors such as age, contact structure, and seroprevalence, and vaccine factors including imperfect and age-varying
efficacy. This framework can be used to evaluate and compare existing strategies, and it can also be used to derive an optimal prioritization strategy to minimize mortality or incidence. We find that a transmission-blocking vaccine should be prioritized to
adults ages 20-49y to minimize cumulative incidence and to adults over 60y to minimize mortality. Direct vaccination of adults over 60y minimizes mortality for vaccines that do not block transmission. We also estimate the potential benefit of using individual-level
serological tests to redirect doses to only seronegative individuals, improving the marginal impact of each dose. We argue that this serology-informed vaccination approach may improve the efficiency of vaccination efforts while partially addressing existing
inequities in COVID-19 burden and impact. |
|
Burkert, J, Patil, et al |
BMJ Case Rep |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
A 71-year-old man presented to the emergency department (ED) with low oxygen saturations and symptoms consistent with
COVID-19 infection. Apart from a small left-sided ischaemic stroke 10 years prior with very minor residual deficit. This case highlights the significance of the prothrombotic complications associated with COVID-19 infection. It also raises the question whether
pressure changes upon commencing NIV could lead to clot migration. |
|
|
Vitamin D and Covid-19 Susceptibility and Severity: a Mendelian
Randomization Study |
Butler-Laporte, Guillaume, Nakanishi, et al |
medRxiv |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
Here, we used two-sample MR to assess the effect of circulating 25OHD levels on Covid-19 susceptibility. METHODS: Genetic
variants strongly associated with 25OHD levels in a 443,734-participant genome-wide association study (GWAS) were used as instrumental variables. Cohorts from the Covid-19 Host Genetics Initiative GWAS included up to 966,395 individuals of European ancestry.
RESULTS: Genetically increased 25OHD levels by one standard deviation on the logarithmic scale had no clear effect on susceptibility but tended to increase the odds ratio of hospitalization and severe disease. |
|
Cammalleri, V, Muscoli, et al |
J Am Heart Assoc |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
The aim of our study is to evaluate the impact of the infectious disease on ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction
(STEMI) care during the COVID‐19 pandemic, through the analysis of recent cases of patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). COVID‐19 outbreak induced a reduction of hospital access for STEMI with an increase in treatment delay, longer
hospitalization, higher levels of cardiac biomarkers and worse left ventricular function. |
|
|
Campbell, JR, Uppal, et al |
Cmaj |
Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique Economics | Économie |
We identified 5 groups who should be prioritized for active RT-PCR testing: contacts of people who are positive for
SARS-CoV-2, and 4 at-risk populations — hospital employees, community health care workers and people in long-term care facilities, essential business employees, and schoolchildren and staff. We estimated costs, human resources and laboratory capacity required
to test people in each group or to perform surveillance testing in random samples. Active testing of groups at increased risk of acquiring SARS-CoV-2 appears feasible and would support the safe reopening of the economy and schools more broadly. |
|
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Thrombolysis and bridging therapy in patients with acute ischemic stroke and Covid-19 |
Cappellari, M, Zini, et al |
Eur J Neurol |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We aimed to assess 1-month outcome in ischemic stroke patients with Covid-19 infection who received IVT alone or before
thrombectomy (bridging therapy). Seventy-five invited centers agreed to participate. Thirty patients received IVT alone and 17 received bridging therapy. IVT for patients with stroke and Covid-19 was not a rare event in the most affected areas by pandemic,
and rates of 1-month unfavorable outcomes were high compared to previous data from the pre-Covid-19 literature. However, risk of sICH was not increased. |
|
The effect of suppressing funeral rituals during the COVID-19 pandemic on bereaved families |
Cardoso É, AO, Silva, et al |
Rev Lat Am Enfermagem |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
This study was intended to understand the meanings individuals who have lost loved ones in this context assign to the
phenomenon of suppressed funeral rituals. The experiences shared in the reports reflect the suffering experienced by the sudden death of a significant person, which is amplified by the absence or impediment to performing familial farewell rituals. The suppression
or abbreviation of funeral rituals is a traumatic experience because family members are prevented from fulfilling their last homage to the loved one who has suddenly passed away, causing feelings of disbelief and indignation. |
|
Carpiano, RichardM |
medRxiv |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
This study investigated demographic differences regarding US adults' intent, uncertainty, and refusal to receive a
potential coronavirus vaccine and specific reasons for intention to receive it. Methods: Multivariable analysis of Associated Press (AP)-NORC Center for Public Affairs Research cross-sectional survey data collected in May 2020 from a US nationally representative
panel of adults (n=1000). Respondents were asked if they would receive a coronavirus vaccine (yes, unsure, no). Among those answering yes, the specific reasons were: to protect self, family, and community; chronic health condition; and having a doctor who
recommends vaccines. Overall, higher likelihood of intention to receive the vaccine versus uncertainty and refusal were mostly observed among respondents with a college education or greater, White, non-Hispanic racial-ethnic identity, ages 60 or older, and
more liberal (versus conservative) ideology. These findings suggest that the approval of a vaccine will potentially face problems with overall uptake due to uncertainty or refusal and contribute to creating significant demographic disparities in COVID-19
morbidity and mortality risk. |
|
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COVID-19 preparedness among Emergency Departments: a cross-sectional study in France |
Casalino, E, Bouzid, et al |
Disaster Med Public Health Prep |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
We evaluate hospital and Emergency Department (ED) preparedness in France facing the Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19)
rapid growth epidemic-phase, and to determine the link between preparedness and responsiveness, with an electronic survey. 287 of 636 French EDs were included, and significant differences between scores as a function of hospital and ED main characteristics
were found. |
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Risk factors of fatal outcome in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia |
Cellina, M, Gibelli, et al |
Disaster Med Public Health Prep |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We reviewed Chest X-Ray (CXR) features, clinical, and laboratory data of patients with RT-PCR confirmed diagnosis of
COVID-19 infection. The relationship with mortality was investigated by fitting a logistic regression model. We identified predictive factors for the fatal outcome of COVID-19 patients. The prognostic value of these findings can be useful for the right patient
management and resource allocation. |
|
Chary, MA, Overbeek, et al |
Clin Toxicol (Phila) |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
We obtained publicly available tweets discussing the use of household cleaners to “cure COVID” with geographic co-ordinates
indicating that they were emitted from the Greater Boston Area. Our main finding is that public health efforts were followed by a sustained increase in calls after March 15, 2020, while misinformation on social media was associated with intermittent spikes
in calls. Overall, calls significantly increased during the study period by 34% as compared to the previous 8 years. |
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Cheetham, N, W |
Research Square prepub |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health
interventions*| Interventions de santé publique |
Background: As England is starting to ease lockdown restrictions in a phased manner, it is important to determine the
level of social distancing, quantified here as the daily number of social contacts per person, i.e. the daily contact rate, needed to maintain control of the COVID-19 epidemic and not exceed acute bed capacity in case of a secondary wave later this year. This
work uses mathematical modelling to simulate the levels of COVID-19 in North East London (NEL) and inform the level of social distancing necessary to protect the public and the healthcare demand from a secondary COVID-19 wave during 2020. Methods: We used
a Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Removed (SEIR) model describing the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in North East London (NEL), calibrated to data on confirmed COVID-19 associated hospitalisations, hospital discharges and in-hospital deaths in NEL. To account for
the uncertainty in both the infectiousness period and the proportion of symptomatic infection, we simulated nine scenarios for different combinations of infectiousness period (1, 3 and 5 days) and proportion of symptomatic infection (70%, 50% and 25% of all
infections). Across all scenarios, the calibrated model was used to assess the risk of occurrence and forecast the strength and timing of a second COVID-19 wave under varying levels of daily contact rate from July 04, 2020. Specifically, the daily contact
rate required to suppress the epidemic and prevent resurgence of COVID-19 cases, and the daily contact rate required to stay within the acute bed capacity of the NEL system without any additional intervention measures after July 2020, were determined across
the nine different scenarios. Results: Our results caution against a full relaxing of the lockdown, predicting that a return to pre-COVID-19 levels of social contact from July 04, 2020 may induce a second wave up to eight times the original wave. With different
levels of social distancing continuing into next year, the second wave can be avoided or the strength of the second wave can be mitigated. Keeping the daily contact rate lower than 5 or 6, depending on scenarios, for the rest of this year, can prevent increase
in the number of COVID-19 cases, could keep the effective reproduction number R below 1 and a second COVID-19 wave may be avoided in NEL. A daily contact rate between 6 and 7, across scenarios, is likely to increase R above 1 and result in a secondary COVID-19
wave with significantly increased COVID-19 cases and associated deaths, but with demand for hospital based care remaining within the bed capacity of the NEL health and care system. In contrast, an increase in daily contact rate above 8 to 9, depending on scenarios,
will likely exceed the acute bed capacity in NEL and may potentially require additional lockdowns. This scenario is associated with significantly increased COVID-19 cases and deaths, and acute COVID-19 care demand is likely to require significant scaling down
of the usual operation of the health and care system, and should be avoided. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that to avoid a second COVID-19 wave and to stay within the acute bed capacity of the NEL health and care system, phased relaxing of the social distancing
in NEL is advised with a view to limiting the average number of social interactions in the population. Increasing the social interaction rapidly could result in a second COVID-19 wave that will likely exceed the acute bed capacity in the system, and depending
on the strength of the resurgence may require additional lockdown measures. |
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The coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia with spontaneous pneumothorax: a case report |
Chen, X, Zhang, et al |
BMC Infect Dis |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We reported a case of 66-year-old man infected with COVID-19, presenting with fever, cough and myalgia. The symptoms,
CT images, laboratory results improved after treatments, and a throat swab was negative for COVID-19 PCR test. However, on hospital day 30, the patient presented with a sudden chest pain and dyspnea. CT showed a 30-40% left-sided pneumothorax. Immediate thoracic
closed drainage was performed and his dyspnea was rapidly improved. |
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Cataract Services in the COVID-19 era: Risk, Consent and Prioritisation |
Cheng, K, A |
Research Square prepub |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques Healthcare Response |
Réponse des soins de santé |
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic halted non-emergency surgery across Scotland. Measures to mitigating the risks of
transmitting COVID-19 are creating significant challenges to recommencement of all surgical services safely. We describe the development of a risk stratification tool to prioritise patients for cataract surgery and report the demographics and comorbidities
of patients on the NHS Fife waiting list. Methods: A prospective case review of electronic records was performed. A risk stratification tool was developed based on review of available literature on risk factors for poor outcome from COVID-19 infection. Scores
derived from the tool were used to generate 6 risk profile groups to call in time order for surgery. Results: There were 744 patients awaiting cataract surgery of which 66 (8.9%) patients were ‘shielding’. One hundred and thirty-two (19.5%) patients had no
systemic comorbidities, 218 (32.1%) patients had 1 relevant systemic comorbidity and 316 (46.5%) patients had 2 or more comorbidities. Five hundred and ninety patients (88.7%) did not have any ocular comorbidities. Conclusions: COVID-19 has presented every
department an urgent challenge to deal with the mounting cataract surgery waiting list. We present a pragmatic method of risk stratifying patients on waiting lists, blending an evidence-based objective assessment of risk and patient need combined with an element
of shared decision-making. This has facilitated recommencement of our cataract service taking into account biohazard measures of the COVID-19 era. |
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Chire Saire, JosimarE, Lemus-Martin, et al |
medRxiv |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
This paper is a preliminary study about what people are searching on Internet, considering ten countries with most
cases in the world such as Chile, Spain, United Kingdom, Brazil, United States, India, Russia, South Africa, Peru, Mexico. |
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|
Chong, Y, Ikematsu, et al |
Influenza Other Respir Viruses |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Immunology | Immunologie |
The objective of this study was to understand the significance of the detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, particularly
IgG, using a rapid antibody kit, during the clinical course of COVID-19 patients with different severities. SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG production was detected in all 18 infected individuals, using a rapid antibody kit, irrespective of clinical status. However,
findings suggest that, in some infected individuals, particularly those with asymptomatic status, the presence of virus-specific IgG antibodies does not imply prompt viral clearance. |
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Trend prediction of COVID-19 based on ARIMA model in mainland of
China |
Chuqiao, Han, xifeng, et al |
medRxiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
We collected the cumulative cases, cumulative deaths, and cumulative recovery in mainland of China from January 20
to June 30, 2020, The average relative errors of actual cumulative cases, deaths, recovery and predicted values in each province are between -22.32%-22.66%, -9.52%-0.08%, -8.84%-1.16, the results of the comprehensive experimental group and test group show
. The error of fitting and prediction is small, the degree of fitting is good, the model supports and is suitable for the prediction of the epidemic situation, which has practical guiding significance for the prevention and control of the epidemic situation |
|
Clotworthy, A, Dissing, et al |
Scand J Public Health |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
We initiated a large mixed-methods data collection, focusing on crisis-specific worries and mental-health indicators
during the lockdown in Denmark. Absolute level of worries, quality of life and social isolation were relatively stable across all population groups during the lockdown, although there was a slight deterioration in older people's overall mental health. Many
respondents were worried about their loved ones' health (74-76%) and the potential long-term economic consequences of the pandemic (61-66%). |
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|
Cocina, F, Vitalis, et al |
J Chem Theory Comput |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
Molecular dynamics simulations are a popular means to study biomolecules, but it is often difficult to gain insights
from the trajectories due to their large size, in both time and the number of features. The SAPPHIRE (States And Pathways Projected with HIgh REsolution) plot allows a direct visual inference of the dominant states visited by high-dimensional systems and how
they are interconnected in time. We present an application of our approach to a recent 100-microsecond trajectory of the main protease of SARS-CoV-2. |
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|
Cohen, JamieA, Mistry, et al |
medRxiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health
interventions*| Interventions de santé publique |
We examined the impact of different school reopening scenarios on transmission within and outside of schools and on
the share of school days that would need to be spent learning at a distance. Methods: We compared seven school reopening strategies that vary the degree of countermeasures within schools to mitigate COVID-19 transmission, including the use of face masks, physical
distancing, classroom cohorting, screening, testing, and contact tracing, as well as schedule changes to reduce the number of students in school. We considered three scenarios for the size of the epidemic in the two weeks prior to school reopening: 20, 50,
or 110 detected cases per 100,000 individuals and assumed the epidemic was slowly declining with full school closures. Findings: In-person schooling poses significant risks to students, teachers, and staff. On the first day of school, 5-42% of schools would
have at least one person arrive at school with active COVID-19, depending on the incidence of COVID in the community and the school type. However, reducing class sizes via A/B school scheduling, combined with an incremental approach that returns elementary
schools in person and keeps all other students remote, can mitigate COVID transmission. In the absence of any countermeasures in schools, we expect 6-25% of teaching and non-teaching staff and 4-20% of students to be infected with COVID in the first three
months of school, depending upon the case detection rate. Schools can lower this risk to as low as 0.2% for staff and 0.1% for students by returning elementary schools with a hybrid schedule while all other grades continue learning remotely. Despite the significant
risks to the school population, reopening schools would not significantly increase community-wide transmission, provided sufficient countermeasures are implemented in schools. |
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|
Connolly, A, Walsh, et al |
Clin Exp Dermatol |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
A 53-year-old female who carries the factor V Leiden mutation developed intermittent blue nodules on the palmar digits
of her hands for a 3-week duration, coincident with COVID-19 infection. She has a strong family history of venous thromboembolism but no personal history in this regard. There was no strenuous or heavy manual labor prior to the onset of the nodules. |
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Mutational Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Genomes in Key Cities of China |
Cui, Q, Z |
Research Square prepub |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
From December 2019, SARS-CoV-2 induced pneumonia broke out in Wuhan and then spread rapidly from multiple resources
to other provinces and other cities in China. In this paper, genomes collected in four Chinese cities: Wuhan, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Hangzhou were analyzed as the A1 module of the MAS. Starting from the virus gene sequence itself, multiple probability statistics
are applied to extract characteristics from virus genomes. Variations of genomes can be compared and visualized in such conditions. It is interesting to see various similar and different properties visualized under various groups after transformations. In
this way, key mutation characteristics could be observed and this type of results is helpful for further scientific researches on COVID-19 applications. |
|
Dandachi, D, Geiger, et al |
Clin Infect Dis |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We aim to describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 in people with HIV (PWH) and to characterize
PWH at the highest risk for severe COVID-19-associated outcomes through an extensive multicenter registry. Severe clinical outcomes occurred commonly in PWH and COVID-19. The risk for poor outcomes was higher in those with comorbidities and lower CD4 cell
counts, despite HIV viral suppression. |
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The Beneficial Impacts of Covid-19 Lockdowns on Air Pollution: Evidence from
Vietnam |
Dang, Hai-AnhH, Trinh, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique |
Little evidence currently exists on the effects of COVID-19 on air quality in poorer countries, where most air pollution-linked
deaths occur. We offer the first study that examines the pandemic's impacts on improving air quality in Vietnam, a lower-middle income country with worsening air pollution. Employing the Regression Discontinuity Design method to analyze a rich database that
we compile from satellite air pollution data and data from various other sources, we find the concentration of NO2 to decrease by 24 to 32 percent two weeks after the COVID-19 lockdown.While this finding is robust to different measures of air quality and model
specifications, the positive effects of the lockdown appear to dissipate after ten weeks. We also find that mobility restrictions are a potential channel for improved air quality. Finally, our back-of-the-envelope calculations suggest that two weeks after
the lockdown, the economic gains from better air quality are roughly $0.6 billion US dollars. |
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Healthcare workers in elderly care: a source of silent SARS-CoV-2
transmission? |
Dautzenberg, Mirjam Jeanne Dorine, Eikelenboom-Boskamp, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
To gain insight into the spread of SARS-CoV-2 among HCWs working in elderly care settings. This was a cross-sectional
study among HCWs working in elderly care in the South-East of the Netherlands, testing for SARS-CoV-2, between March 31 and April 17, 2020. 133/615 (21.6%) HCWs tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, ranging from 15.6 to 44.4% per elderly care organisation, and from
0 to 64.3% per separate location of the organizations, respectively. 74.6% of tested HCWs were nursing staff, 1.7% elderly care physicians, 20.3% other HCWs with patient contact and 3.4% HCWs without patient contact. In the univariate analysis, fever, runny
or stuffy nose, anosmia, general malaise, myalgia, headache and ocular pain were associated with SARS-CoV-2 positivity, while gastro-intestinal symptoms and respiratory symptoms, other than runny or stuffy nose were not. Risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 positivity
were contact with patients or colleagues with suspected or proven COVID-19. Whole genome sequencing of 22 samples in 2 facilities strongly suggests spread within facilities. |
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Complications of COVID-19 , a case with both neurological and dermatological complications |
Davoodian, P, K |
Research Square prepub |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Recently, different complications and clinical manifestations of COVID-19 have been reported such as neurological or
dermatological complications, We present a confirmed COVID-19 case of diplopia and ophthalmoplegia presenting skin lesions at the same time. |
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Dayem Ullah, AbuZM, Sivapalan, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
To explore risk factors associated with COVID-19 susceptibility and survival in this patient group, we conducted a
single-centre retrospective cohort study. Design We interrogated linked electronic health records for patients diagnosed with HPB diseases in East London since 2008 (n=15 586), and identified 212 confirmed COVID-19 cases between February 12 and June 12, 2020.
We conducted risk analyses to identify the effect of demographics, comorbidities and associated medication use, and lifestyle factors and with appropriate adjustment for gender, ethnicity, age group and HPB diagnoses on COVID-19 incidence and mortality. This
large multi-ethnic population-based study of HPB patients shows a higher risk of acquiring COVID-19 for male gender, Black ethnicity, medical co-morbidities, and substance mis-users. Particular attention should be paid to patients with a pre-existing kidney
disease for further renal insult to prevent fatality. |
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Growth and decline of the COVID-19 epidemic wave in Italy from March to June 2020 |
De Flora, S, La Maestra, et al |
J Med Virol |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
We analyzed the epidemic patterns in Italy from March 1 to June 30. There was a progressive drop of cases from March
(104,710) to June (8,110). Likewise, after a slight increase of deaths in April (14,804) compared to March (12,396), a considerable decline occurred in May (5,170) and June (1,464). Doubling times of cumulative cases grew from 2-6 days until March 20 to 2
weeks up to April 5, and thereafter no further doubling occurred until June 30. There was a striking North-South gradient of both cases and deaths. Lombardy, the most populous region, was by far the most heavily affected one, accounting for the 39.0% of the
national cases. |
|
De Souza, L, Nwanji, et al |
Clin Nephrol |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We report a unique case of an immunosuppressed 67-year-old female with homozygous Z-allele mutation A1AT deficiency
and liver transplant with baseline chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage IIIa. She presented with COVID-19 mediated hypoxic respiratory failure complicated by AKI requiring provisional renal replacement therapy with recovery of kidney function. |
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Diamond, MS, Wood, et al |
Geophys Res Lett |
Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique |
Satellite retrievals show that nitrogen dioxide pollution declined by an unprecedented amount (~50% regionally) from
its expected unperturbed value, but regional-scale column aerosol loadings and cloud microphysical properties were not detectably affected during the COVID-19 pandemic in China |
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Domenech de Celles, Matthieu, Casalegno, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
Here we hypothesized that influenza interacted with SARS-CoV-2 during the early 2020 epidemic of COVID-19 in Europe.
We developed a population-based model of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, combined with mortality incidence data in four European countries, to test a range of assumptions about the impact of influenza. We found consistent evidence for a 2-2.5-fold population-level
increase in SARS-CoV-2 transmission associated with influenza during the period of co-circulation. These results suggest the need to increase vaccination against influenza, not only to reduce the burden due to influenza viruses, but also to counteract their
facilitatory impact on SARS-CoV-2. |
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Domenico, A, Nicola, et al |
J Chem Inf Model |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
Artificial intelligence and multiobjective optimization represent promising solutions to bridge chemical and biological
landscapes by addressing the automated de novo design of compounds as a result of a humanlike creative process. In the present study, we conceived a novel pair-based multiobjective approach implemented in an adapted SMILES generative algorithm based on recurrent
neural networks for the automated de novo design of new molecules whose overall features are optimized by finding the best trade-offs among relevant physicochemical properties (MW, logP, HBA, HBD) and additional similarity-based constraints biasing specific
biological targets. In this respect, we carried out the de novo design of chemical libraries targeting neuraminidase, acetylcholinesterase, and the main protease of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Several quality metrics were employed to assess
drug-likeness, chemical feasibility, diversity content, and validity. Molecular docking was finally carried out to better evaluate the scoring and posing of the de novo generated molecules with respect to X-ray cognate ligands of the corresponding molecular
counterparts. Our results indicate that artificial intelligence and multiobjective optimization allow us to capture the latent links joining chemical and biological aspects, thus providing easy-to-use options for customizable design strategies, which are especially
effective for both lead generation and lead optimization. The algorithm is freely downloadable at https://github.com/alberdom88/moo-denovo and all of the data are available as Supporting Information. |
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SARS-CoV-2 structural coverage map reveals state changes that disrupt
host immunity |
Donoghue, SeanI, Schafferhans, et al |
bioRxiv |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
we systematically modeled all viral proteins using all related 3D structures, generating 872 models that provide detail
not available elsewhere. To organise these models, we created a structure coverage map: a novel, one-stop visualization summarizing what is - and is not - known about the 3D structure of the viral proteome. The map highlights structural evidence for viral
protein interactions, mimicry, and hijacking; it also helps researchers find 3D models of interest, which can then be mapped with UniProt, PredictProtein, or CATH features. The resulting Aquaria-COVID resource (https://aquaria.ws/covid) helps scientists understand
molecular mechanisms underlying coronavirus infection. |
|
Dorji, Thinley, Tamang, et al |
medRxiv |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
This study assessed their Bhutanese medical students knowledge on COVID-19 as a part of self-learning and attitude
as part of preparedness towards participation in government's health response to COVID-19. This was a cross-sectional study among medical students who had returned to the country. 120 medical students responded to this survey (response rate = 93%). Eighty-eight
(74%) had good knowledge, 28 (23%) had satisfactory knowledge and only four (3%) had poor knowledge on COVID-19. The students scored high on the symptomatology, mode of transmission, prevention and treatment options and on local epidemiology; and scored low
on the forms of mechanical ventilations and on the home-management of non-critical cases. The knowledge score correlated with duration of clinical clerkship (r = 0.326, p = 0.001). The primary source of information were social media sites (102, 85%), television
(94, 78%) and newspapers (76, 63%). The majority (78, 65%) were willing to participate in the government's COVID-19 response but could not identify what roles they could play. The fear of contracting COVID-19 was reported in only in 8.7%. |
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Durdagi, Serdar, Dag, et al |
bioRxiv |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
To assist in drug repurposing and design, we determined two apo structures of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus-2
main protease at ambient-temperature by Serial Femtosecond X-ray crystallography. We employed detailed molecular simulations of selected known main protease inhibitors with the structures and compared binding modes and energies. The combined structural biology
and molecular modeling studies not only reveal the dynamics of small molecules targeting main protease but will also provide invaluable opportunities for drug repurposing and structure-based drug design studies against SARS-CoV-2. |
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El Aoud, S, Morin, et al |
Disaster Med Public Health Prep |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
COVID 19 infection had newly emerged with predominant respiratory complications. Other extrapulmonary features had
been recently described. Here, we describe a COVID 19 patient presenting with multiorgan involvement mimicking systemic lupus erythematosus. He was successfully treated with glucocorticoids and Tociluzimab. |
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Falck-Jones, Sara, Vangeti, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We studied blood and airways of COVID-19 patients across disease severity at multiple timepoints. M-MDSC frequencies
were elevated in blood but not in nasopharyngeal or endotracheal aspirates of COVID-19 patients compared to controls. M-MDSCs isolated from COVID-19 patients suppressed T cell proliferation and IFNγ production partly via an arginase-1 (Arg-1) dependent mechanism.
Furthermore, patients showed increased Arg-1 and IL-6 plasma levels. COVID-19 patients had fewer T cells, and displayed downregulated expression of the CD3ζ chain. Ordinal regression showed that early M-MDSC frequency predicted subsequent disease severity. |
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Passive, open access data measures movement and predicts COVID-19
cases |
Faust, ChristinaL, Lambert, et al |
medRxiv |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
Methods. We use publicly available remotely-sensed nighttime lights and traffic cameras to measure the impact of restriction
policies on movement and activities in the university town of State College, and the surrounding areas of Centre County, Pennsylvania, USA. Results. At the county level, nighttime radiance did not differ significantly across restriction phases and largely
reflected seasonal fluctuations seen in previous years. Throughout the county, traffic volumes were lowest during the most severe period of restrictions ('Red phase' in Pennsylvania). As restrictions eased, traffic volumes grew, indicating increased movement
within and between population centers. We show that real-time, publicly available traffic data captured behavioral responses and compliance to different restrictions phases. We also demonstrate that these increases in activity levels precede increases in reported
COVID-19 cases. |
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Robust SARS-COV-2 serological population screens via multi-antigen
rules-based approach |
Fotis, ChristosF, Meimetis, et al |
medRxiv |
Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes |
In this paper, we developed a serological assay against N, S1 and RBD using a bead-based multiplex platform and a rules-based
computational approach to assess the performance of single and multi-antigen readouts in well-defined clinical samples and in a population-wide serosurvey from blood donors. Even though assays based on single antigen readouts performed similarly well in the
clinical samples, there was a striking difference between the antigens on the population-wide screen. Asymptomatic individuals with low antibody titers and sub-optimal assay specificity might contribute to the large discrepancies in population studies with
low seroprevalence. A multi-antigen assay requiring partial agreement between RBD, N and S1 readouts exhibited enhanced specificity, less dependency on assay cut-off values and an overall more robust performance in both sample settings. |
|
Freeman, CW, Masur, et al |
AJR Am J Roentgenol |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Among 2,820 inpatients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), 59 underwent brain MRI. Of these patients, six had
findings on MRI suspicious for COVID-19 related disseminated leukoencephalopathy (CRDL), characterized by extensive confluent or multifocal white matter lesions, microhemorrhages, diffusion restriction, and enhancement. |
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Electrocardiographic QT Intervals in Infants Exposed to Hydroxychloroquine Throughout Gestation |
Friedman, DM, Kim, et al |
Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
To provide data regarding any potential fetal/neonatal cardiotoxicity associated with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), we
leveraged a unique opportunity in which neonatal electrocardiograms (ECGs) and HCQ blood levels were available. The findings provide reassurances that the maternal use of HCQ is associated with a low incidence of infant QTc prolongation. However, if included
in clinical COVID-19 studies, early postnatal ECGs should be considered. |
|
Fulcher, IR, Neill, et al |
Contraception |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
The objective of this study was to quantify the number of medically unnecessary clinical visits and in-clinic contacts
monthly caused by US abortion regulations. We estimate that 12,742 in-person clinic visits would be averted each month if counseling visit laws alone were repealed, and 31,132 visits would be averted if all policies were repealed and 70 percent of medication
abortion patients received no-test telemedicine abortions. Over 2 million clinical contacts could be averted over the projected 18-month COVID-19 pandemic. |
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Gallup, N, Pringle, et al |
HardwareX |
Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes |
This study develops a distributed manufacturing solution using only an open source manufacturing tool chain consisting
of two types of open source 3-D printing and batch UV curing, and provides a parametric fully free design of a nasopharyngeal swab. The results of the mechanical validation tests showed that the swabs could withstand greater forces than would be expected in
normal clinical use. The swabs were also able to absorb a significant amounts of synthetic mucus materials and passed abrasion and handling tests. |
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Identification and characterization of an immunodominant SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8 T cell
response |
Gangaev, A, K |
Research Square prepub |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Immunology | Immunologie |
Global efforts are ongoing to develop vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 causing COVID-19. While there is accumulating information
on antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2, less is known about CD8 T-cell recognized SARS-CoV-2 epitopes and the functional state of SARS- CoV-2-specific CD8 T cells. To address these issues, we analyzed samples from 18 COVID- 19 patients for CD8 T-cell recognition
of 500 peptide HLA class I complexes, restricted by 10 common HLA alleles. Several epitopes derived from ORF1ab were identified, including an immunodominant epitope restricted by HLA-A*01:01. The immunodominance was further supported by high TCR diversity
within the CD8 T cells specific for this epitope. Noteworthy, the ORF1ab is not included in the majority of vaccine candidates in development, which may influence their clinical activity. In-depth characterization of identified SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8 T cell
responses revealed a lack of cytokine production and a gene expression profile inhibiting T cell re-activation and migration while sustaining cell survival. |
|
Ganneru, Brunda, Jogdand, et al |
bioRxiv |
Vaccine Research| Recherche sur les vaccins Animal model | Modèle animal |
We report the development and evaluation of safety and immunogenicity of a whole virion inactivated SARS-COV-2 vaccine
(BBV152), adjuvanted with aluminium hydroxide gel (Algel), or a novel TLR7/8 agonist adsorbed Algel. We used a well-characterized SARS-CoV-2 strain and an established vero cell platform to produce large-scale GMP grade highly purified inactivated antigen,
BBV152. Product development and manufacturing were carried out in a BSL-3 facility. Immunogenicity was determined at two antigen concentrations (3μg and 6μg), with two different adjuvants, in mice, rats, and rabbits. Our results show that BBV152 vaccine formulations
generated significantly high antigen-binding and neutralizing antibody titers, at both concentrations, in all three species with excellent safety profiles. The inactivated vaccine formulation containing TLR7/8 agonist adjuvant-induced Th1 biased antibody responses
with elevated IgG2a/IgG1 ratio and increased levels of SARS-CoV-2 specific IFN-γ+ CD4 T lymphocyte response. Our results support further development for Phase I/II clinical trials in humans. |
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Garcia-Vicuña, R, Abad-Santos, et al |
Trials |
RCT |
This is a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a single dose of
sarilumab, in subcutaneous administration, in hospitalised patients with moderate to early severe COVID-19 infection compared to the current standard of care, to prevent progression to systemic hyperinflammatory status. |
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|
Griffiths, Daniel, Sheehan, et al |
medRxiv |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
This study aimed to determine if losing work during the COVID-19 pandemic is associated with mental and physical health.
2,603 respondents (Australians aged 18+ years) including groups who had lost their job (N=541), were not working but remained employed (N=613), were working less (N=789) and whose work was unaffected (N=789). Three groups experiencing work loss had greater
odds of high psychological distress (AOR=2.22-3.66), poor mental (AOR=1.78-2.27) and physical health (AOR=2.10-2.12) than the unaffected work group. Poor mental health was more common than poor physical health. The odds of high psychological distress (AOR=5.43-8.36),
poor mental (AOR=1.92-4.53) and physical health (AOR=1.93-3.90) were increased in those reporting fewer social interactions or less financial resources. |
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Interaction network of SARS-CoV-2 with host receptome through spike
protein |
Gu, Yunqing, Cao, et al |
bioRxiv |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
To identify host cell receptors involved in SARS-CoV-2 interactions, we performed genomic receptor profiling to screen
almost all human membrane proteins, with SARS-CoV-2 capsid spike (S) protein as the target. Twelve receptors were identified, including ACE2. Most receptors bind at least two domains on S protein, the receptor-binding-domain (RBD) and the N-terminal-domain
(NTD), suggesting both are critical for virus-host interaction. nalyzing single-cell transcriptome profiles from COVID-19 patients revealed that virus susceptibility in airway epithelial ciliated and secretory cells and immune macrophages highly correlates
with expression of ACE2, KREMEN1 and ASGR1 respectively, and ACE2/ASGR1/KREMEN1 (ASK) together displayed a much better correlation than any individual receptor. Based on modeling of systemic SARS-CoV-2 host interactions through S receptors, we revealed ASK
correlation with SARS-CoV-2 multi-organ tropism and provided potential explanations for various COVID-19 symptoms. |
|
Guo, Qirui, Zhao, et al |
bioRxiv |
Therapeutics| Thérapeutique Animal model | Modèle animal |
We characterized the transcriptome of rhesus macaques and mice infected with SARS-CoV-2. Alarmin S100A8 was robustly
induced by SARS-CoV-2 in animal models as well as in COVID-19 patients. Paquinimod, a specific inhibitor of S100A8/A9, could reduce inflammatory response and rescue the pneumonia with substantial reduction of viral titers in SASR-CoV-2 infected animals. Remarkably,
Paquinimod treatment resulted in 100% survival of mice in a lethal model of mouse coronavirus (MHV) infection. A novel group of neutrophils that contributed to the uncontrolled inflammation and onset of COVID-19 were dramatically induced by coronavirus infections.
Paquinimod treatment could reduce these neutrophils and regain antiviral responses, unveiling key roles of S100A8/A9 and noncanonical neutrophils in the pathogenesis of COVID-19, highlighting new opportunities for therapeutic intervention. |
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|
Halder, A, A |
ArXiv |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
we focus on characterizing the global features of SARS-Cov2 (COVID-19) spike glycoprotein. Our objective is to review
and apply our network approaches to gain insights into a key viral protein at the structural level. As expected, there are considerable similarities of network metrics between the partially open and the closed states of the trimeric SARS-CoV2 spike protein.
However, there are also significant differences seen at the domain-domain interfaces within a chain and across the trimeric interface. |
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PMC7447231; Association between temperature, humidity, and COVID-19 outbreaks in Bangladesh |
Haque, SE, Rahman, et al |
Environ Sci Policy |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Transmission |
This study aimed to determine the association between average temperature and humidity with COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh.
This study included 9,455 confirmed cases during the observation period (March 08, 2020 to May 03, 2020). The peak spread of COVID-19 occurred at an average temperature of 26 °C. We find, under a linear regression framework, high temperature and high humidity
significantly reduce the transmission of COVID-19, respectively. It indicates that the arrival of summer and rainy season in Bangladesh can effectively reduce the transmission of the COVID-19. However, it is unlikely that the COVID-19 pandemic diminishes by
summer since Bangladesh still have a high coronavirus transmission. Therefore, other public health interventions such as social distancing are still important for blocking the COVID-19 transmission. |
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Perceived risk of being infected with SARS-CoV-2: A perspective from Indonesia |
Harapan, H, Anwar, et al |
Disaster Med Public Health Prep |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
The objective of this online cross-sectional study was to determine the level of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
risk perceptions in Indonesia and characterize predictors of perceptions. The mean perceived risk was 19.21%. Higher perceived risk was associated with respondents aged 21-30 years, unmarried, with higher incomes, living in cities, and employed with health
care. |
|
Hartwell, M, Greiner, et al |
Disaster Med Public Health Prep |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
As a method to measure public preparedness, we sought to explore the association between public interest in preventive
measures and easing of Stay-at-Home (SAH) orders-specifically the increases in COVID-19 cases and fatalities after their expiration. Our investigation shows that increased public interest in COVID-19 prevention was associated with longer SAH orders and less
COVID-19 cases after the SAH orders' expiration; however, it was also associated with higher case-fatality rates. |
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|
Holcomb, David, Alexaki, et al |
bioRxiv |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
Poly(A) Binding Protein Cytoplasmic 4 (PABPC4), Serine/Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitor Clade G Member 1 (SERPING1) and
Vitamin K epOxide Reductase Complex subunit 1 (VKORC1), which are all proteins linked to coagulation, have been shown to interact with SARS proteins. We computationally examined the interaction of these with SARS-CoV-2 proteins and, in the case of VKORC1,
we describe its binding to ORF7a in detail. We examined the occurrence of variants of each of these proteins across populations and interrogated their potential contribution to COVID-19 severity. Potential mechanisms by which some of these variants may contribute
to disease are proposed. Some of these variants are prevalent in minority groups that are disproportionally affected by severe COVID-19. |
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Is COVID-19 spreading and curing silently: an observation of three family clusters in Bangladesh |
Hoq, MI, Hossain, et al |
J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
This study observed cases from three families with COVID-19 like symptoms. The members of the inspected families shared
COVID-19 like symptoms that lasted for 3-10 days. A combination of pharmacological and non-pharmacological actions was taken to get cured of symptoms. Individuals were taking prescription drugs such as antibiotics in most cases without doctor's consultation,
and no one among the cases had any diagnostic test for COVID-19. |
|
Iqbal, Y, Al Abdulla, et al |
BJPsych Open |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Aims: To describe the psychiatric morbidity associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Most patients were male. Median age
was 39.5 years. Thirty-one patients were symptomatic (upper respiratory tract symptoms or pneumonia) for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and 19 were asymptomatic (no characteristic physical symptoms of COVID-19 infection). Seventeen patients (34%) had
a past psychiatric history. Thirty patients (60%) had physical comorbidity. The principal psychiatric diagnoses made by the consultation-liaison team were delirium (n = 13), psychosis (n = 9), acute stress reaction (n = 8), anxiety disorder (n = 8), depression
(n = 8) and mania (n = 8). Delirium was confined to the COVID-19 symptomatic group (the exception being one asymptomatic patient with concurrent physical illness). The other psychiatric diagnoses spanned the symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with COVID.
One patient with COVID-19 pneumonia experienced an ischaemic stroke. Approximately half the patients with mania and psychosis had no past psychiatric history. Three patients self-harmed. The commonest psychiatric symptoms were sleep disturbance (70%), anxiety
(64%), agitation (50%), depressed mood (42%) and irritability (36%). |
|
|
Jensen, RD, Bie, et al |
Acta Orthop |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
We conducted a retrospective survey on the organizational restructuring of the orthopedic department and the learning
outcomes of a needs-driven educational program. The hospital established 5 COVID-19 clusters, which were planned to be activated in sequential order. The orthopedic ward comprised cluster 4, where orthopedic nursing staff were teamed up with internal medicine
physicians, while the orthopedic team were redistributed to manage minor and major injuries in the emergency department (ED). The mean learning outcome of the educational activities was high–very high, i.e., 5.4 (SD 0.7; 7-point Likert scale). Consequently,
the staff felt more confident to protect themselves and to treat COVID-19 patients. |
|
|
Jiang, HDC, Wang, et al |
Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
A total of 4 819 people and 5 132 people registered in the Phase
Ⅰ and Phase
Ⅱ recruitment system respectively, with men 2 912 (60.43%) and 2 887
(56.25%) more than women 1 907 (39.57%) and 2 245 (43.75%), mostly in the 20-39 age group, with 3 211 (66.63%) and 3 966 (77.28%). All 13 districts in Wuhan have interested residents to participate clinical research.The initial qualified rate of the Phase
Ⅱ recruitment system was higher than that of Phase
Ⅰ, with men 2 047 (70.28%) and 2 135(73.95%), higher than women 1
083 (56.80%) and 1 472 (65.57%); 440 and 689 people were reviewed by telephone in Phase
Ⅰ and Phase
Ⅱ respectively, and the number of verified volunteers was about 440
(35.00%) and 689 (67.20%); Of the 201 603 people who arrived at the vaccination site, 12 and 26 of them were positive for the SARS-CoV-2 antibody with an antibody positive rate of 6.00% and 4.31% respectively. |
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|
Jiang, W, Sun, et al |
Int J Geriatr Psychiatry |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
This study investigated the mental state and attitudes of older Chinese adults during this epidemic. Combined responses
(N=1618), 76.1% were female and about 7.0% were 60 years or above. In the first wave, older adults were found less likely to worry about being infected by COVID-19 (p < 0.05) and reported less attention paid to protective measures (p = 0.004) than young adults.
However, as the disease evolved, older participants in the second wave were more worried than young adults (p = 0.027) and older adults in the first wave (p = 0.001). |
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|
Johansson, F, Cô |
Research Square prepub |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
Background. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound effect on societies, economies, and daily life of citizens worldwide.
This has raised important concerns about the mental health of different populations. We aimed to determine if symptom levels of depression, anxiety, and stress were different during the COVID-19 outbreak compared to before, with the Depression, Anxiety and
Stress Scale as main outcome. We also aimed to determine whether pre-pandemic loneliness, poor sleep quality and mental health problems were associated with worse trajectories of mental health. Methods. We conducted a cohort study with 1658 Swedish university
students answering questionnaires before the pandemic and a 81 % response-rate to follow-ups during the pandemic. Generalized Estimating Equations were used to estimate mean levels of symptoms before and during the pandemic, and to estimate effect modification
by levels of loneliness, sleep quality and pre-existing mental health problems. Results. We found small differences in symptoms. Mean depression increased by 0.23/21 (95% CI:0.03 to 0.43), mean anxiety decreased by -0.06/21 (95% CI: -0.21 to 0.09) and mean
stress decreased by - 0.34/21 (95% CI: -0.56 to -0.12). Loneliness, poor sleep quality and pre-existing mental health problems minimally influenced trajectories. Conclusions. Contrary to widely held concerns, we found minimal changes in mental health among
Swedish university students during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic. |
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The Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Papain-like Protease: Its Relationship with Recent Coronavirus
Epidemics |
Kandeel, M, Kitade, et al |
J Med Virol |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
By using sequence comparisons, molecular models and protein–protein interaction maps, papain‐like protease (PLpro)
was compared in the three recorded fatal CoV epidemics, which involved SARS‐CoV‐2, SARS‐CoV and MERS‐CoV. The pairwise sequence comparison of SARS‐CoV‐2 PLpro indicated similarity percentages of 82.59% and 30.06% with SARS‐CoV PLpro and MERS‐CoV PLpro, respectively.
In comparison with SARS‐CoV PLpro, in SARS‐CoV‐2, the PLpro had a conserved catalytic triad of C111, H278 and D293, with a slightly lower number of polar interface residues and of hydrogen bonds, a higher number of buried interface sizes and a lower number
of residues that interact with ubiquitin and PLpro. These features might contribute to a similar or slightly lower level of deubiquitinating activity in SARS‐CoV‐2 PLpro. It was, however, a much higher level compared to MERS‐CoV, which contained amino acid
mutations and a low number of polar interfaces. |
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Outcomes of COVID-19-positive kidney transplant recipients:
A single-center experience |
Katz-Greenberg, G, Yadav, et al |
Clin Nephrol |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Herein, we present outcomes of Kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) diagnosed with COVID-19 infection at our center
in Philadelphia, PA, USA, between March 19, 2020 |
|
Kempsell-Smith, M, Meenan, et al |
Nurs Child Young People |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Little is understood about severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus responsible for
the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, there is limited literature available and few case studies exploring the observations of colleagues involved in managing patients with COVID-19. Children represent a small sample of the confirmed cases of COVID-19 in the
UK but the reasons for this are relatively unknown. Most children are asymptomatic or exhibit mild symptoms from COVID-19 infection. However, a small number have been identified who develop a significant systemic inflammatory response, referred to as paediatric
inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS). PIMS-TS involves persistent fever and organ dysfunction. PIMS-TS can also share clinical features with other conditions including toxic shock syndrome, septic shock and Kawasaki
disease. This article presents a case study to explore the resuscitative care provided to a ten-year-old child with suspected PIMS-TS. |
|
|
Interim analysis of the Clinical performance of five SARS-Cov-2
Serology Assays |
Knauer, MJ, Hedley, et al |
Clin Biochem |
Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes |
We tested five recently available serologic assays in patients with nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) proven
or suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection. The goal of this study was to compare recently available serologic assays using residual samples from NAAT tested patients to assess the sensitivity and specificity of serologic assays and determine the earliest detection
point. 529 Residual plasma samples from 366 NAAT tested individuals (Roche cobas SARS-Cov-2, reference method) were collected, stored frozen at -20⁰C, and evaluated for COVID-19 serologic testing. we found good positive agreement between the IgG and Total
assays with sensitivity results ranging from 81% to 93% in samples greater than 14 days post positive NAAT. Based on this analysis we feel that serologic testing should be limited to time points greater than 14 days post symptom onset or positive NAAT testing
and recognize that some individuals will not have a detectable serological response. There is limited data showing that IgA response may play a role in patients with severe clinical manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the resulting immune hyperactivation |
|
Koelbl, Marina, Schuierer, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Economics | Économie |
The typical SEC’s reaction to a crisis is strengthening disclosure requirements mandating firms to inform investors
about their assessment of future contingencies. This should enable investors to monitor risks a firm is facing. However lengthy and complex disclosures – mostly for dozens or hundreds of firms in an investor’s portfolio – can hardly be processed by a human.
Additionally, it is unclear if investors follow regulatory requirements or disclosures are merely boilerplates giving the investor a limited view. The reported risk factors can be property-specific or market-wide such as the recent financial crisis or the
current coronavirus. It would be informative for investors to see the firm’s risk assessment regarding these kinds of risks. To cope with the flood of information, we propose to use an unsupervised machine learning algorithm to identify and quantify the risk
factor topics discussed in the SEC’s 10-K filing. We apply this algorithm (Structural Topic Model, STM) to the Item 1A and Item 7A of the US REITs’ 10-K’s filings between 2005 and 2019. Our results suggest, that STM is advantageous over the traditional methods
since it finds clearer and consequently more meaningful risk factor topics beyond the investment foci of REITs. Furthermore, we investigate whether and how the identified topics affect the risk perception of investors after the filing date. We find all three
kinds of topics: uninformative topics with no impact (null argument), increasing risk perception topics (divergence argument), and decreasing risk perception topics (convergence argument) – the majority. Overall, our results suggest that REIT managers use
risk disclosures to reveal previously unknown information that has not yet been incorporated into market prices in the short run; but they diminish in the long run. |
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|
Komatsu, H, Banno, et al |
J Obstet Gynaecol Res |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
A nationwide questionnaire survey was performed to evaluate how Japanese Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology (JSOG)
members dealt with the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic during the declared nationwide emergency. A decrease in the number of outpatients for infertility treatment was also observed. Polymerase chain reaction testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 was available in 20.4% of the facilities. Inpatients and outpatients were requested to wear masks, limit the number of contacts and check body temperature when visiting hospitals/clinics. During parturition care, caregivers and physicians wore
gloves, masks (other than N-95), face shields and gowns. About 66% and 80% of the facilities decided to transfer pregnant women if they had asymptomatic and symptomatic infection, respectively. Cesarean section was typically chosen as delivery mode in infected
women. |
|
|
Kortuem, StefanO, Becker, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
The present work is a retrospective analysis of the processes and structures established in the Emergency Department
between 27 March 2020 and 20 May 2020. In addition, a retrospective descriptive evaluation of the epidemiological and clinical data of the patients is carried out at the time of first contact during the period mentioned above. After establishing a pre-triage
with structured algorithms, all confirmed COVID-19 cases were identified before entering the clinic and assigned to an appropriate treatment pathway. Unprotected entry into hospital structures or nosocomial infections were not observed, although almost 35%
of patients with confirmed infection were admitted due to other symptom complexes or injuries. 201 inpatient patients were initially isolated without COVID-19 being confirmed. The number of cases in the Emergency Department was 39% lower than the previous
year's period, thus avoiding crowding. |
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Candidate screening of host cell membrane proteins involved in SARS-CoV-2
entry |
Kotani, Norihiro, Nakano, et al |
bioRxiv |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
Here, we identified host cell membrane protein candidates that were present in proximity to the attachment sites of
SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins through the use of proximity labeling and proteomics analysis. The identified proteins represent candidate key factors that may be required for viral entry. Our results indicated that a number of membrane proteins, including DPP4,
Cadherin-17, and CD133, were identified to co-localize with cell membrane-bound SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins in Caco-2 cells that were used to expand the SARS-CoV-2 virion. |
|
Kumar, Himangshu, Nataraj, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Public health interventions*| Interventions
de santé publique Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
In response to rapidly rising COVID-19 cases, nations resorted to two channels to reduce population mobility and ensure
social distancing. These channels were government-ordered containment and closure measures; and voluntary reductions in mobility due to rising public awareness. Initially, India’s state governments enacted varying social distancing policies until the Central
government overrode states to impose a nationwide lockdown on 24th March. This paper examines the relative impact of state and central level policies on changes in mobility. This is analysed using event study difference-in-differences (DID) and panel GLS regressions
of state-level data on closure orders and mobility changes. The first policy enacted by each state was ineffective on average, but some states managed to reduce mobility by imposing further restrictions. In contrast, the national lockdown had a much larger
and persistent effect for almost all states. Further, rising awareness about COVID-19 did not lead to any independent changes in mobility. |
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|
Lairez, O, Blanchard, et al |
Int J Cardiovasc Imaging |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
The aim of our study was to explore the impact of biological cardiac injury on myocardial functions in patients with
COVID-19. 31 patients with confirmed COVID-19 (CoV+) and 16 controls (CoV−) were prospectively included in this observational study. Among CoV+, 13 (42%) exhibited myocardial injury. CoV+/troponin T elevation (TnT +) patients were older, had lower diastolic
arterial pressure and were more likely to have hypertension and chronic renal failure compared with CoV+/TnT−. There was a trend of decreased myocardial work and increased peak systolic tricuspid annular velocity between the CoV− and CoV + patients |
|
|
Laplana, Marina, Yuguero, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
We evaluated the role of chloroquine and its derivatives in COVID-19 in Spanish individuals. We performed a survey
addressed to patients regularly taking chloroquine and its derivatives for the control of their autoimmune diseases. A total of 319 surveys of patients regularly taking chloroquine and its derivatives were recovered for further analysis. The prevalence of
declared COVID-19 status in the treated group was 5.3% and the mean prevalence among the untreated-matched groups was 3.4%. A community exposition to COVID-19 was associated with a greater prevalence of COVID-19 in both, treated (17.0% vs. 3.2%; p-value<0.001)
and untreated groups (13.4% vs. 1.1%; p-value=0.027). We did not find differences of reported COVID-19 cases between treated and untreated groups, indicating a lack of protection by regular administration of chloroquine and its derivative drugs on COVID-19
infection. |
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The Impact of COVID-19 and Policy Responses on Australian Income Distribution and Poverty |
Li, J, V |
Research Square prepub |
Economics | Économie |
This paper undertakes a near real-time analysis of the income distribution effects of the COVID-19 crisis in Australia
to understand the ongoing changes in the income distribution as well as the impact of policy responses. The result shows the effectiveness of temporary policy measures in maintaining both the living standards and the level of income inequality. However, the
heavy reliance on the support measures raises the possibility that the changes in the income distribution may be reversed and even substantially worsened off should the measures be withdrawn. |
|
The impact of COVID-19 on the lives and mental health of Australian
adolescents |
Li, Sophie, Beames, et al |
medRxiv |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
The purpose of this study was to assess the psychological and lifestyle impact of the pandemic on Australian adolescents,
using an online survey, administered during and after the peak of the outbreak (June-July 2020). Overall, young people expressed significant concern and worry about contracting the virus, and most (>85%) engaged in behaviors to reduce the risk of transmission.
Three quarters of the sample reported a worsening of their mental health since the pandemic began, with negative impacts reported by most respondents on learning, friendships and family relationships. More than 40% of young people reported a decrease in exercise
and 70% reported an increase in technology use since the outbreak. There were high levels of uncertainty about the future reported by respondents, and their scores on validated measures indicated higher levels of sleep disturbance, psychological distress and
health anxiety, and lower levels of wellbeing, relative to normative samples. Responses on the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale indicated that 48.3% of the sample were experiencing distress consistent with a probable mental illness, which is much higher
than pre-pandemic prevalence rates. Effects on mental health were worse among those who reported a previous diagnosis of depression and/or anxiety relative to those without a history of depression and/or anxiety. |
|
Protein Coding of Variations on SARS-CoV-2 Genomes in Various Regions |
Li, T, Z |
Research Square prepub |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
In this paper, COVID-19 cases in different regions are used for comparison. The related genomes of SARS-CoV-2 are segmented
and replaced with sequence operations under protein coding scheme on the A3 module of the MAS. Using protein coding schemes, genomes are transformed and projected as measuring sequences as a vector that can be visualized in maps from two different perspectives:
the elements of the gene sequence and the position of the element sequence, so as to interpret the genome more comprehensively. Through a series of linear diagrams, it is convenient to compare and analyze the genomes of the samples collected in different regions
more intuitively, which may be conducive to further data mining of genomic information and refined explorations of COVID-19 for patients. |
|
Liu, Chuncheng, Graham, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Public Health Priorities| Priorités de santé publique Public Health response| Interventions
de santé publique |
Governments, institutions, and citizens of nearly every nation have been compelled to respond to COVID-19. Many measures
have been adopted, including contact tracing and risk assessment, whereby citizen whereabouts are constantly monitored to trace contact with other infectious individuals and isolate contagious parties via algorithmic evaluation of their risk status. This paper
investigates how citizens make sense of Health Code (jiankangma), the contact tracing and risk assessment algorithm in China. We probe how people accept or resist the algorithm by examining their ongoing, dynamic, and relational interactions with it over time.
By seeking a deeper, iterative understanding of how individuals accept or resist the algorithm, our data unearths three key sites of concern. First, how understandings of algorithmic surveillance shape and are shaped by notions of privacy, including fatalism
towards the possibility of true privacy in China and a trade-off narrative between privacy and twin imperatives of public and economic health. Second, how trust in the algorithm is mediated by the perceived competency of the technology, the veracity of input
data, and well-publicized failures in both data collection and analysis. Third, how the implementation of Health Code in social life alters beliefs about the algorithm, such as its further role after COVID-19 passes, or contradictory and disorganized enforcement
measures upon risk assessment. Chinese citizens make sense of Health Code in a relational fashion, whereby users respond very differently to the same technical assemblage based upon social and individual factors. |
|
|
Liu, P |
Health Informatics J |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
The intermittent demand forecast of medical consumables with a short life cycle brings some new challenges, such as
the demand occurring randomly in many time periods with zero demand. In this research, a seasonal adjustment method is introduced to deal with seasonal influences, and a dynamic neural network model with optimized model selection procedure and an appropriate
model selection criterion are introduced as the main forecasting models. In addition, in order to reduce the impact of zero demand, it adds some input nodes to the neural network by preprocessing the original input data. Lastly, a modified error measurement
method is proposed for performance evaluation. |
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Ongoing natural selection drives the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 genomes |
Liu, Qi, Zhao, et al |
medRxiv |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
Understanding the evolutionary mechanism underlying epidemiological and pathological characteristics of COVID-19 is
essential for predicting the epidemic trend, and providing guidance for disease control and treatments. Interrogating 22,078 SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences of 84 countries, we demonstrate with convincing evidence that (i) SARS-CoV-2 genomes are overall conserved
under purifying selection. (ii) Ongoing positive selection is actively driving the evolution of specific genes. Notably, genes related to coronavirus infection and host immune system defense are under adaptive evolution while genes related to viral RNA replication,
transcription and translation are under purifying selection. A spatial and temporal landscape of 54 critical mutants is constructed based on their divergence among viral haplotype clusters, of which multiple mutants potentially conferring viral transmissibility,
infectivity and virulence of SARS-CoV-2 are highlighted. |
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Gastrointestinal involvement attenuates COVID-19 severity and mortality |
Livanos, AlexandraE, Jha, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We investigated the impact of gastrointestinal (GI) infection on disease pathogenesis in three large cohorts of patients
in the United States and Europe. Unexpectedly, we observed that GI involvement was associated with a significant reduction in disease severity and mortality, with an accompanying reduction in key inflammatory proteins including IL-6, CXCL8, IL-17A and CCL28
in circulation. In a fourth cohort of COVID-19 patients in which GI biopsies were obtained, we identified severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) within small intestinal enterocytes for the first time in vivo but failed to obtain culturable
virus. High dimensional analyses of GI tissues confirmed low levels of cellular inflammation in the GI lamina propria and an active downregulation of key inflammatory genes including IFNG, CXCL8, CXCL2 and IL1B among others. These data draw attention to organ-level
heterogeneity in disease pathogenesis and highlight the role of the GI tract in attenuating SARS-CoV-2-associated inflammation with related mortality benefit. |
|
Loconsole, D, Centrone, et al |
Int J Environ Res Public Health |
Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes |
In this study, the performance of a rapid serological test in a clinical setting was evaluated. Samples from 819 consecutive
patients (with or without respiratory symptoms) admitted to a large Emergency Department were tested between 23 March and 21 April 2020. Patient samples were tested in a real-time PCR assay and a serological assay. In total, 148/819 patients (18.1%) tested
positive for SARS-CoV-2 by real-time PCR. The serological test revealed that 70/819 patients (8.5%) had anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM and/or IgG. The prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was significantly higher in patients with respiratory symptoms lasting for
>7 days than in those with respiratory symptoms lasting for 0–7 days (p < 0.001). The serological assay had an overall sensitivity of 35.1% and an overall specificity of 97.3%. A high negative predictive value (96.7%) was reported for patients without respiratory
symptoms. |
|
|
Luchsinger, LarryL, Ransegnola, et al |
medRxiv |
Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes |
We collected 370 unique donors enrolled in the New York Blood Center Convalescent Plasma Program between April and
May of 2020. We measured levels of antibodies in convalescent plasma using commercially available SARS-CoV-2 detection tests and in-house ELISA assays and correlated serological measurements with nAb activity measured using pseudotyped virus particles, which
offer the most informative assessment of antiviral activity of patient sera against viral infection. Our data show that a large proportion of convalescent plasma samples have modest antibody levels and that commercially available tests have varying degrees
of accuracy in predicting nAb activity. We found the Ortho Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Total Ig and IgG high throughput serological assays (HTSAs), as well as the Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay, quantify levels of antibodies that strongly correlate with nAb assays and are
consistent with gold-standard ELISA assay results. These findings provide immediate clinical relevance to serology results that can be equated to nAb activity and could serve as a valuable roadmap to guide the choice and interpretation of serological tests
for SARS-CoV-2. |
|
|
COVID-19 Transmission Within Danish Households: A Nationwide Study
from Lockdown to Reopening |
Lyngse, Frederik Plesner, Kirkeby, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Transmission |
Methods We used comprehensive administrative register data from Denmark, comprising the full population and all COVID-19
tests, to estimate household transmission risk and attack rate. Results We studied the testing dynamics for COVID-19 and found that the day after receiving a positive test result within the household, 35% of potential secondary cases were tested and 13% of
these were positive. After a primary case in 6,782 households, 82% of potential secondary cases were tested within 14 days, of which 17% tested positive as secondary cases, implying an attack rate of 17%. Among primary cases, those aged 0-24 were underrepresented
when compared with the total population. We found an approximately linearly increasing relationship between attack rate and age. We investigated the transmission risk from primary cases by age, and found an increasing risk with age of primary cases for adults,
while the risk seems to decrease with age for children. |
|
Manna, S, Baindara, et al |
Curr Protein Pept Sci |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
Here, we summarized the viral fusion protein targeted antiviral peptides along with their mechanism and specific design
to combat viral fusion process. Three dipeptides (DL, LQ and ID) were chosen from the library and designed by the systematic combination along with their possible modifications of amino acids to the target sites. Designed peptides were docked with targeted
fusion protein after energy minimization. Results show strong and significant binding affinity (DL = -60.1 kcal/mol; LQ = -62.8 kcal/mol; ID= -71.5 kcal/mol) during interaction. Any one of the active peptides from the developed libraries may help to block
competitively the target sites to successfully control COVID-19. |
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Epidemiology and clinical outcome of COVID-19: A multi-centre cross
sectional study from Bangladesh |
Mannan, Adnan, Mehedi, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Objectives: To investigate SARS-CoV-2 associated epidemiology and clinical outcomes in Bangladesh to understand the
course of COVID-19 pandemic and suggest prevention measures. Methods: A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted among 1,021 RT-PCR confirmed but recovered COVID-19 cases from six participating hospitals in Bangladesh. Results: Of the total sample,
111 (10.9%) cases were asymptomatic while the number of symptomatic cases were 910 (89.1%). Higher prevalence of COVID-19 persisted in the male population (75%) and for the 31-40 age group. More than 85% of the samples reported BCG vaccination mark. Common
symptoms observed in our study samples were fever (72.4%), cough (55.9%), loss of taste (40.7%) and body ache (40%); whereas for the biochemical parameters, Neutrophil (46.4%), D-dimer (46.1%), Ferritin (37.9%) and SGPT (36.8%) levels were found elevated.
Post-COVID complications including pain (31.8%), loss of concentration (24.4%) and anxiety or depression (23.1%) were found significantly prevalent. Conclusion: Our study has shown that adult males aged between 31-40 in Bangladesh are more vulnerable to being
infected with COVID-19. With an indication for the rising trend of the asymptomatic cases, deployment of interventions to curb further community spread is necessary to avoid the grave outcomes of COVID-19 in Bangladesh. |
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Clinical Outcomes of Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19 by Race |
Marmarchi, Fahad, Liu, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
This cohort study investigated comorbidities and clinical outcomes by race among COVID-19 patients admitted to the
intensive care unit. Methods: This is a case series of critically ill patients admitted with COVID-19 to a tertiary referral teaching hospital in Atlanta, Georgia. The study included all critically ill hospitalized patients between March 6, 2020 and May 5,
2020. Clinical outcomes during hospitalization included mechanical ventilation, renal replacement therapy and mortality stratified by race. Results Of 288 patients included (mean age, 63 +/- 16 years; 45% female), 210 (73%) were African American. African Americans
had significantly higher rates of comorbidities compared to other races, including hypertension (80% vs 59%, p=0.001), diabetes (49% vs 34%, p=0.026) and mean BMI (33 kg/m2vs 28 kg/m2, p<0.001). Despite African Americans requiring continuous renal replacement
therapy during hospitalization at higher rates than other races (27% vs 13%, p=0.011), rates of intubation, intensive care unit length of stay, and overall mortality (30% vs 24%, p=0.307) were similar. |
|
Martin, W, Cheng, et al |
J Proteome Res |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
Here, we combine homology modeling, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and binding affinity calculations
to determine potential targets for toremifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator which we have previously identified as a SARS-CoV-2 inhibitor. Our results indicate the possibility of inhibition of the spike glycoprotein by toremifene, responsible for
aiding in fusion of the viral membrane with the cell membrane, via a perturbation to the fusion core. An interaction between the dimethylamine end of toremifene and residues Q954 and N955 in heptad repeat 1 (HR1) perturbs the structure, causing a shift from
what is normally a long, helical region to short helices connected by unstructured regions. Additionally, we found a strong interaction between toremifene and the methyltransferase non-structural protein (NSP) 14, which could be inhibitory to viral replication
via its active site. |
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COVID-19 and Pneumothorax: A Multicentre Retrospective Case Series |
Martinelli, AW, Ingle, et al |
Eur Respir J |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Cases were collected retrospectively from UK hospitals with inclusion criteria limited to a diagnosis of COVID-19 and
the presence of either pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum. Seventy-one patients from 16 centres were included in the study, of whom 60 patients had pneumothoraces (six also with pneumomediastinum), whilst 11 patients had pneumomediastinum alone. Two of these
patients had two distinct episodes of pneumothorax, occurring bilaterally in sequential fashion, bringing the total number of pneumothoraces included to 62. urvival at 28 days was not significantly different following pneumothorax (63.1%±6.5%) or isolated
pneumomediastinum (53.0%±18.7%; p=0.854). The incidence of pneumothorax was higher in males. The 28-day survival was not different between the sexes. Patients above the age of 70 had a significantly lower 28-day survival than younger individuals. |
|
Masser, BM, Hyde, et al |
Transfusion |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
A total of 507 residents participated. Intention to donate during the COVID-19 pandemic was positively predicted by
subjective norm and self-efficacy. Donation-related behavior was positively predicted by intention, with this relationship stronger for nondonors than donors. |
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Matsushima, M, Horiguchi, et al |
Disaster Med Public Health Prep |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
We collected 1777 responses from pregnant women through an online survey. The present study found a high percentage
of pregnant women with depressive symptoms. Notably, COVID-19 related variables including perceived risk for the infection, fear of decreasing economic wealth, and social support were significantly associated with depressive symptoms. |
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|
Mazumder, S |
J Behav Exp Finance |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique Economics | Économie |
During the COVID-19 crisis period, firms headquartered in high social trust US states perform better than their counterparts
from the low social trust states. Stock returns over the crisis period are 3 to 4 percentage points higher, on average, if social trust increases by one standard deviation. The association is stronger for firms of more affected industries (COVID-19 industries).
More specifically, a one standard deviation increase of social trust associates with a 6.45% increase of CAR if firms belong to the COVID-19 industries. Next, I analyze the stock market reactions to the Fed's announcements on March 23, 2020. The results show
that firms headquartered in the high trust states benefit less from the announcements because these firms can access to other external financings cheaply. The average three-day announcement CAR and BHAR (FF 3-factor adjusted) are higher by 2.5% and 2.6% respectively
if firms headquartered in low trust states. |
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Understanding SARSCOV-2 propagation, impacting factors to derive
possible scenarios and simulations |
Mehl-Madrona, Lewis, Bricaire, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique |
We aimed to analyze factors impacting the Covid-19 epidemic on a macro level, comparing multiple countries across the
world and verifying the occurrence at a micro level through cluster analysis. The severity of the epidemic was most strongly related to exposure to ultraviolet light and extrapolated levels of vitamin D and to the health of the population, especially with
regards to obesity. We found no county with an obesity level < 8% with a severe epidemic. We also found that countries where the population benefited from sun exposure or vitamin D supplementation and spent time outside fared well. Factors related to increased
propagation of the virus included the use of heating ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC), population density, poorly aerated gatherings, relative humidity, timely policies of closing clustering places until aeration was improved, and daily amount of ridership
on public transportation, especially subways. Population lockdowns, masks, and blood type did not provide much explanatory power. Contact tracing was not analyzed as very few countries applied it for long enough. |
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Mellhammar, L, T |
Research Square prepub |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection
d'agents pathogènes |
Background: The pathophysiology of severe COVID-19 has been implicated to involve neutrophil activation in the blood
and in the lungs and endothelial dysfunction. Heparin binding protein (HBP) is a neutrophil protein that plays an important role in bacterial sepsis and is a promising biomarker in severe infections. Syndecans and glypicans are potential markers of sheeding
of the glycocalyx and endothelial dysfunction. The primary aims of this study were to assess whether HBP or syndecans and glypicans are involved in the pathophysiology of COVID-19 and if so, whether they can be used to predict severe disease preferably using
a point-of-care test (POC) that can substitute more time-consuming analysis with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Methods: A prospective convenience sample study of biomarkers. The main cohort consisted of patients admitted to hospital with a confirmed
COVID-19 diagnosis. Samples and clinical data were collected at admission, during admission and at discharge and samples were analyzed with ELISA kit (Axis-Shield Diagnostics) for measuring HBP concentration and a novel dry immunofluorescence analyzer (Jet-iStar
800) (Joinstar) for point-of-care testing. Results: Thirty-five COVID-19 patients were prospectively enrolled in the study. HBP was significantly elevated in COVID-19 patients with organ dysfunction (n= 23) compared to those without organ dysfunction (n=6),
24.7 ng/mL (95% CI 17.3-48.4) vs 10.6 ng/mL (95% CI 6.2-17.1 ng/mL), p=0.03. Syndecan-1 and Glypican-4 were not significantly elevated in patients with organ dysfunction. Syndecan-1, 62.1 ng/mL (44.4-102.0) vs 57.5 ng/mL (95% CI 46.0- 63.7), p=0.44 and glypican-4,
3292.4 pg/mL (95% CI 1707.5- 6790.6) vs 3962.7 pg/mL (95% CI 2653.6- 5823.5), p=0.80. The point-of-care (POC) HBP test showed good correlation to the standard ELISA with an R-value of 0.83. HBP measured by the POC device predicted development of COVID-induced
organ dysfunction within 72 hours with an AUC of 0.88. Conclusions: The neutrophil-derived HBP is elevated prior to onset of organ dysfunction in patients with severe COVID-19 using a newly developed point-of-care test and hence HBP could be used in a clinical
setting as a prognostic marker in COVID-19. |
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Melo, Caroline Vilas Boas, Bhuiyan, et al |
bioRxiv |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Immunology | Immunologie |
we aim to understand host response to SARS-CoV-2 infection by comparing samples collected from two distinct compartments
(infection site and blood), obtained from COVID-19 subjects and healthy controls. Methods: We used two publicly available gene expression datasets generated via RNA sequencing in two different samples; nasopharyngeal swabs and peripheral blood mononuclear
cells (PBMCs). We performed a differential gene expression analysis between COVID-19 subjects and healthy controls in the two datasets and then functionally profiled their differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The genes involved in innate immunity were also
determined. Results: We found a clear difference in the host response to SARS-CoV-2 infection between the two sample groups. In COVID-19 subjects, the nasopharyngeal sample group indicated upregulation of genes involved in cytokine activity and interferon
signalling pathway, as well as downregulation of genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation and viral transcription. Host response in COVID-19 subjects for the PBMC group, involved upregulation of genes involved in the complement system and immunoglobulin
mediated immune response. CXCL13, GABRE, IFITM3 were upregulated and HSPA1B was downregulated in COVID-19 subjects in both sample groups. |
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Tracking SARS-CoV-2 T cells with epitope T-cell receptor recognition
models |
Meysman, Pieter, Postovskaya, et al |
bioRxiv |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
In this paper, we demonstrate the use of machine learning to classify SARS-CoV-2 epitope specific T-cell clonotypes
in T-cell receptor (TCR) sequencing data. We apply these models to public TCR data and show how they can be used to study T-cell longitudinal profiles in COVID-19 patients to characterize how the adaptive immune system reacts to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Our findings
confirm prior knowledge that SARS-CoV-2 reactive T-cell diversity increases over the course of disease progression. However our results show a difference between those T cells that react to epitope unique to SARS-CoV-2, which show a more prominent increase,
and those T cells that react to epitopes common to other coronaviruses, which begin at a higher baseline. |
|
Mohamed, Nurul Azmawati, Baharom, et al |
medRxiv |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Therapeutics| Thérapeutique RCT |
The purpose of this study was to assess the ability of regular gargling to eliminate SARS-CoV-2 in the oropharynx and
nasopharynx. This pilot, open labeled, randomized, parallel study compared the effect of 30 seconds, 3 times/day gargling using 1% povidone-iodine (PVP-I), essential oils and tap water on SARS-CoV-2 viral clearance among COVID-19 patients in a tertiary hospital
in Kuala Lumpur. Progress was monitored by day 4,6 and 12 PCR (Ct value), gargling and symptoms diary as well as clinical observations. Five confirmed Stage 1 COVID-19 patients were recruited for each arm. The age range was from 22 to 56 years old. The majority
were males. Two respondents had co-morbidities, which were asthma and obesity. Viral clearance was achieved at day 6 in 100%, 80%, 20% and 0% for 1% PVP-I, essential oils, tap water and control group respectively. Analysis of 1% PVP-I group versus control
group showed significant p-value for comparison of PCR results on Day 4, Day 6 and Day 12. |
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Elevated D-dimers and lack of anticoagulation predict PE in severe
COVID-19 patients |
Mouhat, B, Besutti, et al |
Eur Respir J |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We determined factors independently associated with computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA)-confirmed pulmonary
embolism (PE) in hospitalised severe COVID-19 patients. Among all (N=349) patients hospitalised for COVID-19 in a university hospital in a French region with a high rate of COVID-19, we analysed patients who underwent CTPA for clinical signs of severe disease.
n total, 162 patients (46.4%) underwent CTPA . PE was diagnosed in 44 patients (27.2%). By multivariable analysis, the only two significant predictors of CTPA-confirmed PE were D-dimer level and the lack of any anticoagulant therapy. |
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Mitigation Strategies and Compliance in the Covid-19 Fight; How
Much Compliance is Enough? |
Mukerjee, Swati, Chow, et al |
medRxiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Public health interventions*| Interventions
de santé publique |
Drilling down to the state level, we create specific state indices suitable for the U.S. to measure the degree of strictness
of public mitigation measures. In this, we build on the Oxford Stringency Index. A modified time-varying SEIRD model, incorporating this Stringency Index as well as a Compliance Indicator to reduce the transmission, is then estimated with daily data for a
sample of 6 U.S. states. These are New York, New Hampshire, New Mexico, Colorado, Texas, and Arizona. We provide a simple visual policy tool to evaluate the various combinations of mitigation policies and compliance that can reduce the basic reproduction number
to less than one; this is the acknowledged threshold in the epidemiological literature to control the pandemic. States successful in combating the pandemic were able to achieve a suitable combination. Understanding of this relationship by the public and policy
makers is key to controlling the pandemic. |
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High seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in Chelsea,
Massachusetts |
Naranbhai, V, Chang, et al |
J Infect Dis |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Immunology | Immunologie |
We performed anonymized convenience sampling of 200 currently asymptomatic residents of Chelsea, the epicenter of COVID-19
illness in Massachusetts by BioMedomics SARS-CoV-2 combined IgM-IgG point-of-care lateral flow immunoassay. The seroprevalence was 31.5% (17.5% IgM+IgG+, 9.0% IgM+IgG- and 5.0% IgM-IgG+). 50.5% of participants reported no symptoms in the preceding 4 weeks,
of which 24.8% (25/101) were seropositive, and 60% of these were IgM+IgG-. |
|
Neufurth, M, Wang, et al |
Biochem Pharmacol |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
Here, we show that Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) efficiently inhibits the binding of the envelope spike (S)-protein
of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, to its host cell receptor ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2). |
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Response to the COVID-19 Outbreak in Urban Settings in China |
Ni, Z, L |
Research Square prepub |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
The COVID-19 outbreak in China was devastating, and spread throughout the country before being contained. Stringent
physical distancing recommendations and shelter-in-place were first introduced in the hardest-hit provinces, and by March, these recommendations were uniform throughout the country. In the presence of an evolving and deadly pandemic, we sought to investigate
the impact of this pandemic on individual well-being and prevention practices among Chinese urban residents. From March 2-11, 2020, 4,607 individuals were recruited from 11 provinces with varying numbers of COVID-19 casers using the social networking app WeChat
to complete a brief, anonymous, online survey. The analytical sample was restricted to 2,551 urban residents. Standardized scales measured generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), the primary outcome. Multiple logistic regression was conducted to identify correlates
of GAD alongside assessment of community practices in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. We found that during the COVID-19 pandemic, recommended public health practices significantly (p<0.001) increased, including wearing facial mask, practicing physical distancing,
handwashing, decreased public spitting, and going outside in urban communities. Overall, 40.3% of participants met screening criteria for GAD and 49.3%, 62.6%, and 55.4% reported that their work, social life, and family life were interrupted by anxious feelings,
respectively. Independent correlates of having anxiety symptoms included being a healthcare provider (aOR=1.58, p<0.01), living in regions with a higher density of COVID-19 cases (aOR=2.13, p<0.01), having completed college (aOR=1.38, p=0.03), meeting screening
criteria for depression (aOR=6.03, p<0.01) and poorer perceived health status (aOR=1.54, p<0.01). COVID-19 had a profound impact on the health of urban dwellers throughout China. Not only did they markedly increase their self- and community-protective behaviors,
but they also experienced high levels of anxiety associated with a heightened vulnerability like depression, having poor perceived health, and the potential of increased exposure to COVID-19 such as living closer to the epicenter of the pandemic. |
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Nowicki, GJ, Ślusarska, et al |
Int J Environ Res Public Health |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
Our research investigates the level of posttraumatic stress, perceived social support, opinions on positive and negative
consequences of the pandemic, sense of security and sense of meaning among nurses in the face of this new and not fully understood global epidemiological phenomenon. The results of the research implemented during the period of severe psychological pressure
associated with the COVID-19 pandemic provided information on symptoms of traumatic stress in the examined group of nurses. Their sense of security has been lowered and accompanied by an intensified reflection on issues concerning security. However, their
current sense of meaning in life remains higher than the tendency to searching for it. The surveyed nurses received individual support mostly from significant others (i.e., other than family and friends). They see positive changes resulting from painful experiences
related to the COVID-19 pandemic, which can be characterized by adaptation in the form of post-traumatic growth. |
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Trimming the need for invasive ventilation: pragmatic critical care during the COVID-19 pandemic |
Oates, CP, Goldman, et al |
BMJ Case Rep |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We present a case of a middle-aged man with a voluminous beard for religious reasons who developed progressive hypoxic
respiratory failure secondary to COVID-19 infection which became refractory to NIV. After gaining permission to trim the patient’s facial hair by engaging with the patient, his family and religious leaders, his mask fit objectively improved, his hypoxaemia
markedly improved and an unnecessary intubation was avoided. Trimming of facial hair should be considered in all patients on NIV who might have any limitations with mask fit and seal that would hamper ventilation, including patients who have facial hair for
religious reasons. |
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OlayiwolaOM, AdekeyeKS, Wale-Orojo, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Public health interventions*| Interventions
de santé publique |
COVID-19 is battling with many countries in the world, including Nigeria, and it has affected various sectors. Contact
tracing technique without Statisticians in the team as recommended by WHO is being used in Nigeria to curb the spread of COVID-19 virus, yet confirmed cases is on the increase daily. This study proposed the integration of Statistical techniques for improving
contact tracing efforts to stop the spread of the virus. A fitted model using the R package, and Adaptive Cluster Sampling mechanism was embedded. Parameters of the model were estimated using Markov Chain Monte-Carlo (MCMC) Algorithm with Winbugs software.
Trace plot and correlogram were used for MCMC diagnostics to examine the goodness of fit of the model. The fitted model was used to obtain a predictive distribution for predicting the estimated number of COVID-19 carriers in Nigeria. The model has a good fit
since It converged to the representation of the target posterior within the 95% highest posterior density (HPD) interval, its chains mixed well, and autocorrelation is quite similar at each lag. Estimated number of COVID-19 carriers were well estimated and
higher in each state than confirmed cases. The present contact tracing process is inefficient to track COVID-19 carriers, hence integrated contact tracing technique with the involvement of Statisticians was recommended. . |
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Structural Genetics of circulating variants affecting the SARS CoV-2
Spike / human ACE2 complex |
Ortuso, Francesco, Mercatelli, et al |
bioRxiv |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
There currently exist several Spike protein variants in the SARS-CoV-2 population as the result of mutations, and it
is unclear if these variants may exert a specific effect on the affinity with ACE2 which, in turn, is also characterized by multiple alleles in the human population. In the current study, the GBPM analysis, originally developed for highlighting host-guest
interaction features, has been applied to define the key amino acids responsible for the Spike/ACE2 molecular recognition, using four different crystallographic structures. Then, we intersected these results with the current mutational status of these amino
acids in the SARS-CoV-2 population. We identified several Spike mutations interacting with ACE2 and mutated in at least 10 distinct patients: N439K, G476S, S477N and N501Y. We also identified five ACE2 rare variants that may affect interaction with Spike and
susceptibility to infection: S19P, E37K, M82I, E329G and G352V. |
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SARS-CoV-2 Polymorphisms and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) |
Pang, J, Boshier, et al |
Pediatrics |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
We compare SARS-CoV-2 viral sequences found in 5 children diagnosed with MISC to sequences from 8 non-MIS-C children
and 130 community cases in North London. We found no clustering of viral sequences from MIS-C patients (red) or non MIS-C patients in relation to other local sequences. We observed no SNPs unique to the MIS-C or to the other childhood cases and no difference
in the distribution of SNPs between MIS-C, non MIS-C and community cases as depicted in Figure 1 B. The proportion of non-synonymous SNPs did not differ in the MIS-C, non MIS-C and community cases (Chi-squared test, df = 2, p = 0.64). All childhood cases were
D839 and A831 as were all of the locally circulating samples. The majority of PIMS-ST (3/5), non PIMS-ST (6/8) and community cases (118/130) were 614G positive. |
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Compliance with Social Distancing: Theory and Empirical Evidence from Ontario
during COVID-19 |
Papanastasiou, Anastasios, Ruffle, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
We study the factors associated with compliance with social-distancing regulations using a unique dataset on the behaviour
of Ontarians during the COVID-19 pandemic. To start, we build a simple theoretical model of social distancing in order to understand how some individual and community-level factors influence compliance. We test our model’s predictions by designing and conducting
a survey on Ontarians in which we elicit their degree of compliance with current distancing regulations as well as proposed regulations that impose different fine levels on violators or grant wage subsidies to encourage staying at home. In line with the model’s
predictions, we show that variables related to one’s risk of infection (e.g., health status, age, necessity of working outside the home, regional COVID-19 cases) are significant predictors of compliance as are gender, political beliefs, risk and time preferences.
Furthermore, we demonstrate that fines and wage subsidies can be powerful policy tools for promoting full compliance with regulations. |
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Social Network Analysis of COVID-19 Public Discourse on Twitter: Implications for Risk Communication |
Pascual-Ferrá, P, Alperstein, et al |
Disaster Med Public Health Prep |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the use of social network analysis to understand public discourse on Twitter
around the novel coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19). We examined different network properties that might affect the successful dissemination by and adoption of public health messages from public health officials and health agencies. We found that the network
of conversations around COVID-19 is highly decentralized, fragmented, and loosely connected; these characteristics can hinder the successful dissemination of public health messages in a network. Competing conversations and misinformation can hamper risk communication
efforts in a way that imperil public health. |
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Assessing Socioeconomic Vulnerabilities related to COVID-19 Risk in India: A State-level Analysis |
Pathak, PK, Singh, et al |
Disaster Med Public Health Prep |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
The present study examined the demographic, socioeconomic, and health system-related vulnerabilities shaping COVID-19
risk across 36 states and union territories in India. There persist substantial heterogeneities in the COVID-19 risk across states and union territories in India. The underlying demographic, socioeconomic and health infrastructure characteristics drive the
vulnerabilities related to COVID-19 in India. |
|
Pereira-Ávila, FMV, Lam, et al |
Rev Lat Am Enfermagem |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
Cross-sectional study conducted in the five Brazilian regions, among adult individuals, via an electronic form disseminated
in social media, addressing general information and the use of masks. Bivariate analysis and binary logistic regression were used to identify the factors associated with the use and reuse of masks. In total, 95.5% (CI 95%: 94.8-96.1) reported using masks.
Fabric masks were more frequently reported (72.7%; CI 95%: 71.3-74.1), followed by surgical masks (27.8%; CI 95%: 26.5-29.2). The percentage of reuse was 71.1% (CI 95%: 69.7-72.5). Most (55.8%; CI 95%: 51.7-60.0) of those exclusively wearing surgical masks
reported its reuse. Being a woman and having had contact with individuals presenting respiratory symptoms increased the likelihood of wearing masks (p≤0.001). Additionally, being a woman decreased the likelihood of reusing surgical masks (p≤0.001). |
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Pérez de la Sota, E, Piñón, et al |
J Card Surg |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
The following is an overview of the epidemiology and impact on resources, the caseload and surgical societal implemented
recommendations, the description of the ECMO activity and nosocomial transmission among healthcare workers in Spain. There was a reduction of 5‐6 times of the regular caseload. As of July 17, 160 ECMO implants were performed. In a 13‐center survey, at least
1 staff surgeon had SARS‐COV‐19 infection. Cardiac surgical activity has suffered a negative impact all over the country. |
|
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Comparative evaluation of six immunoassays for the detection of
antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 |
Perez-Garcia, Felipe, Perez-Tanoira, et al |
medRxiv |
Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes |
The objective of our study was to compare the diagnostic performance of six immunoassays to detect antibodies against
SARS-CoV-2: three lateral flow immunoassays (LFAs), one ELISA and two chemiluminescence assays (CLIAs). Methods: We evaluated three LFAs (Alltest, One Step and SeroFlash), one ELISA (Dia.Pro) and two CLIAs (Elecsys and COV2T). To assess the specificity, 60
pre-pandemic sera were used. To evaluate the sensitivity, we used 80 serum samples from patients with positive PCR for SARS-CoV-2. Overall sensitivity was 61.3%, 73.8%, 67.5%, 85.9%, 88.0% and 92.0% for Alltest, One Step, SeroFlash, Dia.Pro, Elecsys and
COV2T, respectively. Sensitivity increased throughout the first two weeks from the onset of symptoms, reaching sensitivities over 85% from 14 days for all LFAs, being One Step the most sensitive (97.6%), followed by SeroFlash (95.1%). Conclusions: One Step,
Dia.Pro, Elecsys and COV2T obtained the best diagnostic performance results. All these techniques showed a specificity of 100% and sensitivities over 97% from 14 days after the onset of symptoms. |
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PMC7470772; Reducing risk of infection - The COVID-19 queueing game |
Perlman, Y, Yechiali, et al |
Saf Sci |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Public health interventions*| Interventions
de santé publique |
We propose a novel approach by which to calculate the risk of a customer being infected while queueing outside the
store, while shopping, and while checking out with a cashier. The risk is proportional to the second factorial moment of the number of customers occupying the space in each phase of the shopping route. We derive equilibrium strategies for a Stackelberg game
in which the authority acts as a leader who first chooses the maximum number of customers allowed inside the store to minimize the risk of infection. In the first model, store’ management chooses the number of cashiers to provide to minimize its operational
costs and its customers’ implied waiting costs based on the number allowed in the store. In the second model, the store partitions its total space into two separate areas – one for shoppers and one for the cashiers and payers – to increase cashiers’ safety. |
|
Pierrakos, C, Attou, et al |
Am J Trop Med Hyg |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Two patients with respiratory failure due to confirmed COVID-19 were examined using bedside lung ultrasound (LUS) shortly
after intubation and start of invasive ventilation. These two cases illustrate how LUS could be useful in identifying different lung morphologies early after the start of invasive ventilation and help decide on adjunctive therapies. This has possible implications
for ventilator management in resource-limited settings, with limited availability of chest computed tomography and blood gas analyzers. |
|
|
Pinar, U, Anract, et al |
World J Urol |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
Our purpose was to evaluate patient and physician satisfaction with teleconsultation set up during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Median overall TSQ score was 67 (IQR: 60‒69); teleconsultation was judged to be a good experience by 88 patients (83.8%) and four physicians (80%). Patients who met their surgeon for the first time were more likely to have a good experience (OR = 1.2 [95%
CI 1.1‒1.5], p = 0.03). |
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Plumereau, C, Cho, et al |
J Neurol |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
We aimed to assess the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on acute stroke care in the Lyon comprehensive stroke center during
this period. The volume of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) significantly decreased during the COVID-period [55 (54.5%) vs 74 (69.2%); p = 0.03]. The volume of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) remains stable over the two periods [72 (71.3%) vs 65 (60.8%); p = 0.14],
but the door-to-groin puncture time increased in patients transferred for MT (237 [187–339] vs 210 [163–260]; p < 0.01). The daily number of Emergency Medical Dispatch calls considerably increased (1502 [1133–2238] vs 1023 [960–1410]; p < 0.01). |
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Portelli, S, Olshansky, et al |
Nat Genet |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic has spurred a global rush to uncover basic biological mechanisms to inform effective
vaccine and drug development. Despite the novelty of the virus, global sequencing efforts have already identified genomic variation across isolates. To enable easy exploration and spatial visualization of the potential implications of SARS-CoV-2 mutations
in infection, host immunity and drug development, we have developed COVID-3D (http://biosig.unimelb.edu.au/covid3d/). |
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Puhl, RM, Lessard, et al |
Ann Behav Med |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
We examined longitudinal associations between prepandemic experiences of weight stigma and eating behaviors, psychological
distress, and physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic in a diverse sample of emerging adults. Prepandemic experiences of weight stigma predicted higher levels of depressive symptoms (β = 0.15, p < .001), stress (β = 0.15, p = .001), eating as a coping
strategy (β = 0.16, p < .001), and an increased likelihood of binge eating (odds ratio = 2.88, p < .001) among young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic but were unrelated to physical activity. Although associations remained after accounting for demographic
characteristics and BMI, the magnitude of longitudinal associations was attenuated after adjusting for prior levels of the outcome variables. |
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Systematic profiling of SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG epitopes at single
amino acid resolution |
Qi, Huan, Ma, et al |
medRxiv |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG responses play critical roles for patients to recover from COVID-19, in-depth dissecting of
the IgG responses on systems level is of great interest. Herein, we adopted a newly developed high-throughput epitope mapping technology (AbMap), analyzed 55 COVID-19 convalescent sera and 226 antibody samples enriched by specific proteins or peptides from
these sera. We revealed three areas that are rich of IgG epitopes, two are on Spike protein but outside of RBD, and one is on Nucleocapsid protein. We identified 29 significant epitopes on Spike protein, from two of these significant epitopes, two critical
epitope residues were found, i. e., D936 and P1263, which are highly related to the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2. In summary, we provided the first global map of IgG binding epitopes for SARS-CoV-2 at single amino acid resolution. This map will facilitate the
precise development of therapeutic antibodies and vaccines. |
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Qi, M, Li, et al |
Int J Environ Res Public Health |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
This study aimed to explore physical activity participation, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and levels of
perceived stress among Chinese adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. An online survey was conducted between 25 February and 15 March 2020. A total of 645 surveys were completed. Participants reported increased sedentary time from pre-COVID-19 period to the
COVID-19 pandemic period (p < 0.05). Over 80% of the sample engaged in either low or moderate intensity physical activity. Participants’ average physical component summary score (PCS) and mental component summary score (MCS) for HRQoL were 75.3 (SD = 16.6)
and 66.6 (SD = 19.3), respectively. More than half of participants (53.0%) reported moderate levels of stress. Significant correlations between physical activity participation, HRQoL, and levels of perceived stress were observed (p < 0.05). Prolonged sitting
time was also found to have a negative effect on HRQoL (p < 0.05). During such periods of home confinement, public health strategies aimed at educating Chinese adults to enhance home-based physical activity may be necessary to maintain health on a population
level. |
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Radhakrishnan, Chandni, Divakar, et al |
bioRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
We sequenced a total of 200 samples from patients at a tertiary hospital in Kerala using COVIDSeq protocol at a mean
coverage of 7,755X. The analysis identified 166 unique high-quality variants encompassing 4 novel variants and 89 new variants identified for the first time in SARS-CoV-2 samples isolated from India. Phylogenetic and haplotype analysis revealed that the circulating
population of the virus was dominated (94.6% of genomes) by three distinct introductions followed by local spread, apart from identifying polytomies suggesting recent outbreaks. |
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Pool Testing for COVID-19: Suitable Splitting Procedure and Pool Size for India |
Rai, B, Shukla, et al |
Disaster Med Public Health Prep |
Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes |
This study tries to derive a general equation for the number of tests required for a pooled sample to detect every
infected individual in the specific pool. The percentage of tests required by the pool testing strategy varies according to the different splitting procedures, the size of the pooled sample, and the probability of an individual being infected in the population.
If the probability of infection is 0.05, then for a pool size of 32, only 14 tests, are sufficient to detect every infected individual. The number of tests required to detect infected individuals by the pooling method is much lower than individual testing.
This may help us in increasing our testing capacity for COVID-19 by testing a large number of individuals in less time with limited resources. |
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Patient Satisfaction With Telemedicine During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Retrospective Cohort Study |
Ramaswamy, A, Yu, et al |
J Med Internet Res |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
BACKGROUND: New York City was the international epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic. Health care providers responded
by rapidly transitioning from in-person to video consultations. Telemedicine (ie, video visits) is a potentially disruptive innovation; however, little is known about patient satisfaction with this emerging alternative to the traditional clinical encounter.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine if patient satisfaction differs between video and in-person visits. METHODS: In this retrospective observational cohort study, we analyzed 38,609 Press Ganey patient satisfaction survey outcomes from clinic encounters
(620 video visits vs 37,989 in-person visits) at a single-institution, urban, quaternary academic medical center in New York City for patients aged 18 years, from April 1, 2019, to March 31, 2020. Time was categorized as pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 (before vs
after March 4, 2020). Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney tests and multivariable linear regression were used for hypothesis testing and statistical modeling, respectively. RESULTS: We experienced an 8729% increase in video visit utilization during the COVID-19 pandemic
compared to the same period last year. Video visit Press Ganey scores were significantly higher than in-person visits (94.9% vs 92.5%; P<.001). In adjusted analyses, video visits (parameter estimate PE] 2.18; 95% CI 1.20-3.16) and the COVID-19 period (PE 0.55;
95% CI 0.04-1.06) were associated with higher patient satisfaction. Younger age (PE -2.05; 95% CI -2.66 to -1.22), female gender (PE -0.73; 95% CI -0.96 to -0.50), and new visit type (PE -0.75; 95% CI -1.00 to -0.49) were associated with lower patient satisfaction.
CONCLUSIONS: Patient satisfaction with video visits is high and is not a barrier toward a paradigm shift away from traditional in-person clinic visits. Future research comparing other clinic visit quality indicators is needed to guide and implement the widespread
adoption of telemedicine. |
|
Rendeiro, AndreF, Casano, et al |
medRxiv |
Immunology | Immunologie |
We observed a dynamic immune landscape of innate and adaptive immune cells in disease progression and absolute changes
of lymphocyte and myeloid cells in severe versus mild cases or healthy controls. Intubation and death were coupled with selected natural killer cell KIR receptor usage and IgM+ B cells and associated with profound CD4 and CD8 T cell exhaustion. |
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Hydroxychloroquine for prevention of COVID-19 mortality: a population-based
cohort study |
Rentsch, ChristopherT, DeVito, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
We set out to evaluate the effectiveness of hydroxychloroquine for prevention, as opposed to treatment, of COVID-19
mortality. We pre-specified and conducted an observational, population-based cohort study using national primary care data and linked death registrations in the OpenSAFELY platform, representing 40% of the general population in England. Of 194,637 patients
with RA or SLE, 30,569 (15.7%) received ≥2 prescriptions of hydroxychloroquine in the six months prior to 1 March 2020. Between 1 March 2020 and 13 July 2020, there were 547 COVID-19 deaths, 70 among hydroxychloroquine users. Estimated standardised cumulative
COVID-19 mortality was 0.23% (95% CI 0.18-0.29) among users and 0.22% (95% CI 0.20-0.25) among non-users; an absolute difference of 0.008% (95% CI -0.051-0.066). After accounting for age, sex, ethnicity, use of other immunuosuppressives, and geographic region,
no association with COVID-19 mortality was observed (HR 1.03, 95% CI 0.80-1.33). |
|
Rinkoff, S, Jemec, et al |
Br J Surg |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
This study demonstrates a significant reduction in the number of patients that presented to our tertiary Plastic Surgery
Trauma Clinic during early lockdown. The change in the volume and characteristics of hand trauma presentations, largely reflects a change in lifestyle and activities of the population during lockdown following government advice to ‘stay home, save lives, protect
the NHS’. Yet, there is a concern that the fear of attending hospital, due to the risk of contracting Coronavirus, has led to a delay in seeking treatment. |
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Ronderos Botero, DM, Omar, et al |
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
In healthy patient population, COVID-19 remains significantly associated with morbidity and mortality. While age remains
the most important predictor of in-hospital outcomes, thromboinflammatory interactions are also associated with worse clinical outcomes regardless of age in healthy patients. |
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Ruiz-Antoran, Belen, Sancho-Lopez, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
We aimed to determine the impact of tocilizumab use in severe COVID-19 pneumonia mortality. We performed a multicentre
retrospective cohort study in 18 tertiary hospitals in Spain, from March to April 2020. During the study period, 506 patients with severe COVID-19 fulfilled inclusion criteria. Among them, 268 were treated with tocilizumab and 238 patients were not. Median
time to tocilizumab treatment from onset of symptoms was 11 days (IQR 8-14). Global mortality was 23.7%. Mortality was lower in patients treated with tocilizumab than in controls (16.8% versus 31.5%, HR 0.514 95CI 0.355-0.744], p<0.001; weighted HR 0.741 95CI
0.619-0.887], p=0.001). Tocilizumab treatment reduced mortality by 14.7% relative to no tocilizumab treatment (RRR 46.7%). We calculated a number necessary to treat of 7. Among patients treated with steroids, mortality was lower in patients treated with tocilizumab
than in those treated with steroids alone (10.9% versus 40.2%, HR 0.511 95CI 0.352-0.741], p=0.036; weighted HR 0.6 95CI 0.449-0.804], p<0.001) (Interaction p=0.094). |
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Coping with the COVID-19 pandemic - the role of leadership in the Arab ethnic minority in Israel |
Saban, M, Myers, et al |
Int J Equity Health |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique |
This paper presents differences in patterns of morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 in the Arab, ultra-Orthodox and
overall populations in Israel, and suggests possible reasons for the low rates of infection in the Arab population. In the first 4 months of Israel’s COVID-19 outbreak, just 2060 cases were confirmed in the Arab population, comprising 8.8% of the 23,345 confirmed
cases, or 2.38 times less than would be expected relative to the population size. In contrast, the ultra-Orthodox made up 30.1% of confirmed cases yet just 10.1% of the population. Confirmed case rate per 100,000 was twice as high in the general Jewish population
compared to the Arab population. The Arab mortality rate was 0.57 per 100,000, compared to 3.37 in the overall population, and to 7.26 in the ultra-Orthodox community. We discuss possible reasons for this low morbidity and mortality including less use of nursing
homes, and effective leadership which led to early closure of mosques and high adherence to social distancing measures, even during the month of Ramadan. |
|
Early Evidence of Effectiveness of Digital Contact Tracing for
SARS-CoV-2 in Switzerland |
Salathé, Marcel, Althaus, et al |
medRxiv |
Transmission |
Here, we report early findings of the digital contact tracing app deployment in Switzerland. We demonstrate proof-of-principle
that digital contact tracing reaches exposed contacts, who then test positive for SARS-CoV-2. This indicates that digital contact tracing is an effective complementary tool for controlling the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Continued technical improvement and international
compatibility can further increase the efficacy, particularly also across country borders. |
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Brain volumetric changes in the general population following the
COVID-19 outbreak and lockdown |
Salomon, Tom, Cohem, et al |
bioRxiv |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
Here, we examined the manifestations of the COVID-19 outbreak on the brain structure in the healthy population, following
the initial phase of the pandemic in Israel. We pre-registered our hypothesis that the intense experience of the outbreak potentially induced stress-related brain modifications. Volumetric changes in n = 50 participants scanned before and after the COVID-19
outbreak and lockdown, were compared with n = 50 control participants that were scanned twice prior to the pandemic. The pandemic provided a rare opportunity to examine brain plasticity in a natural experiment. We found volumetric increases in bilateral amygdalae,
putamen, and the anterior temporal cortices. Changes in the amygdalae diminished as time elapsed from lockdown relief, suggesting that the intense experience associated with the pandemic outbreak induced volumetric changes in brain regions commonly associated
with stress and anxiety. |
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Sammartano, V, Santoni, et al |
Leuk Lymphoma |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We report a case of a 59-year-old man with a diagnosis of Blastic Plasmocitoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm (BPDCN) who
developed COViD-19 related ARDS and was successfully and safely treated with Ruxolitnib. |
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Sasaki, N, Kuroda, et al |
Scand J Work Environ Health |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
This study compared the longitudinal change in the mental health of healthcare and non-healthcare workers during two
months of the COVID-19 outbreak in Japan. After adjusting for the covariates, psychological distress (and subscales of fatigue, anxiety, and depression) as well as fear and worry of COVID-19 increased statistically significantly more among healthcare than
non-healthcare workers from T1 to T2. |
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Audiology in the time of COVID-19: practices and opinions of audiologists in the UK |
Saunders, GH, Roughley, et al |
Int J Audiol |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
This study documents changes in audiology practice resulting from COVID-19 restrictions and to assess audiologists’
opinions about teleaudiology. About 30% of respondents said they had used teleaudiology prior to COVID-19 restrictions; 98% had done at the time of survey completion, and 86% said they would continue to do so even when restrictions are lifted. Reasons for
prior non-use of teleaudiology were associated with clinical limitations/needs, available infrastructure and patient preferences. Respondents believe teleaudiology will improve travel, convenience, flexibility and scheduling, that it will have little/no impact
on satisfaction and quality of care, but that it will negatively impact personal interactions. Concerns about teleaudiology focussed on communication, inability to conduct some clinical procedures and technology. |
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SARS-CoV-2 Nsp1 binds the ribosomal mRNA channel to inhibit translation |
Schubert, K, Karousis, et al |
Nat Struct Mol Biol |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
The SARS-CoV-2 non-structural protein 1 (Nsp1), also referred to as the host shutoff factor, suppresses host innate
immune functions. By combining cryo-electron microscopy and biochemistry, we show that SARS-CoV-2 Nsp1 binds to the human 40S subunit in ribosomal complexes, including the 43S pre-initiation complex and the non-translating 80S ribosome. The protein inserts
its C-terminal domain into the mRNA channel, where it interferes with mRNA binding. We observe translation inhibition in the presence of Nsp1 in an in vitro translation system and in human cells. Based on the high-resolution structure of the 40S–Nsp1 complex,
we identify residues of Nsp1 crucial for mediating translation inhibition. We further show that the full-length 5′ untranslated region of the genomic viral mRNA stimulates translation in vitro, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 combines global inhibition of translation
by Nsp1 with efficient translation of the viral mRNA to allow expression of viral genes. |
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Setti, L, Bonacina, et al |
Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
The study aimed to compare the incidence of interstitial pneumonia on (18)F]-FDG PET/CT scans between two 6-month periods:
(a) the COVID-19 pandemic peak and (b) control period. |
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Sgubbi, P, Savoia, et al |
Dermatol Ther |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Abstract and full text not available. |
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Sharma, K, G |
Research Square prepub |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
Aims-To study the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on patient load in a tertiary care centre and the innovations and methods
used to improve the safety of the healthcare workers, to provide adequate treatment in the department of Otorhinolaryngology. Materials and methods-This study was conducted in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, at a tertiary care
hospital centre in North-East India. This study included data collected from the patient registers maintained in our department, and included data over a 4-month period, from April, 2020 to July, 2020. Age, gender, place of residence, clinical diagnosis and
the operative procedure performed were included in the data profile for analysis. The above-mentioned registers were also reviewed to retrieve details about the rate of admission during the study period in the previous year. Data was collected and represented,
in both descriptive and tabular forms, after proper statistical analysis. Results-We found out that there is a drastic reduction in number of patients attending in our department of Otorhinolaryngology during this COVID-19 pandemic. Certain innovative methods
for protecting healthcare workers from viral transmission were put into our practice based on the peer reviewed articles, from June,2020 and the rate of elective procedures and in-patient admissions were thus increased. Conclusion- Knowledge of new innovative
methods in Otorhinolaryngology will help overcome the difficulties faced during the current COVID-19 pandemic. |
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Shikuku, DuncanN, Nyaoke, et al |
medRxiv |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
The objective of this paper was to determine the initial impact of COVID-19 pandemic on reproductive, maternal, newborn,
child and adolescent health (RMNCAH) services in Kenya. There were no differences in monthly mean (±SD) attendance between March-June 2019 vs 2020 for antenatal care (400,191.2±12,700.0 vs 384,697.3±20,838.6), hospital births (98,713.0±4,117.0 vs 99,634.5±3,215.5),
family planning attendance (431,930.5±19,059.9 vs 448,168.3±31,559.8), post-abortion care (3,206.5±111.7 vs 448,168.3±31,559.8) and pentavalent 1 immunisation (114,701.0±3,701.1 vs 110,915.8±7,209.4), p>0.05. However, there were increasing trends for adolescent
pregnancy rate, significant increases in FP utilization among young people (25.7% to 27.0%), injectable (short-term) FP method uptake (58.2% to 62.3%), caesarean section rate (14.6% to 15.8%), adolescent maternal deaths (6.2% to 10.9%) and fresh stillbirths
(0.9% to 1.0%) with a reduction in implants (long-term) uptake (16.5% to 13.0%) (p<0.05). No significant change in maternal mortality ratio between the two periods (96.6 vs 105.8/100,000 live births, p=0.1023) although the trend was increasing. |
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Signer, J, Jonsdottir, et al |
Virol J |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
Authors investigated the virucidal and antiviral potential of Echinacea purpurea (Echinaforce®) against human coronavirus
(HCoV) 229E, highly pathogenic MERS- and SARS-CoVs, as well as the newly identified SARS-CoV-2, in vitro. These results show that Echinaforce® is virucidal against HCoV-229E, upon direct contact and in an organotypic cell culture model. |
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Silva, Andrea, Aguirre, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Immunology | Immunologie |
The aim of this study was to estimate the seroprevalence of the SARS-CoV-2 infection in health workers of the Sanitary
Region VIII, at province of Buenos Aires during June 2020. 738 health workers were included; the overall response rate was 73.80%. 71.83% of that were women; age showed a normal distribution. Nurses and doctors accounted for more than half of the staff. 75.86%
of people claimed to always use Personal Protective Equipment. 5.61% of people had close contact with a confirmed case of COVID-19. 4.60% of people had previously had a nasopharyngeal swab with a negative result. Five workers had positive IgG for SARS-CoV-2
(four women and one man) with negative IgM. The mean age of the cases was 35 years old; two of them were asymptomatic; neither of them had a swab sample taken. The overall seroprevalence was 0.75%, with no significant differences between strata. |
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Exploring Patterns and Trends in COVID-19 Exports from China, Italy,
and Iran |
Soliman, Ahmed Tamer, McHenry, et al |
medRxiv |
Transmission Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique |
We report that the average days from entry to confirmation is 7.7, 5.0 and 4.7 days for travelers from China, Italy,
and Iran respectively. Approximately, one-third of all exported cases were confirmed within 3 days of entry suggesting these travelers were mildly symptomatic or symptomatic in arrival. We also found that earlier exported cases from each country had a longer
time between entry to confirmation by an average of 3 days compared to later exports. Based upon our data, reported exported cases from South Korea were far fewer in comparison to those from China, Italy and Iran. Therefore, we suggest that careful monitoring
of likely symptomatic travelers and better public awareness may lead to faster confirmation as well as reduced transmission of COVID-19 pandemic. |
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The impact of COVID-19 restriction measures on loneliness among
older adults in Austria |
Stolz, Erwin, Mayerl, et al |
medRxiv |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
We conducted three analyses to assess the association between COVID-19 public health restriction measures and loneliness:
(1) A comparison between pre-pandemic (SHARE: 2013-2017) and pandemic (May 2020) levels of loneliness (UCLA-3 scale), We found (1) loneliness levels to have increased in 2020 in comparison with previous years, (2) an association between the number of restriction
measures older adults reported to be affected from and loneliness, and (3) that loneliness was higher during shut-down compared to the subsequent re-opening phase, particularly among those who live alone. |
|
Stuible, Matthew, Gervais, et al |
bioRxiv |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
Ultimately, we have been able to produce highly homogenous preparations of full-length spike, both monomeric and trimeric,
with yields of 100-150 mg/L. The speed and productivity of this method support further development of CHO-based approaches for recombinant spike protein manufacturing. |
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Suganya, R, A |
Research Square prepub |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
It was first identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, the capital of China’s Hubei province. The objective of this research is to propose a forecasting model using the COVID-19 available dataset from top affected regions across the world using machine learning
algorithms. Machine Learning algorithms help us achieve this objective. Regression models are one of the supervised machine learning techniques to classify large-scale data. This research aims to apply Multivariate Linear Regression to predict the number of
confirmed and death COVID-19 cases for a span of one and two weeks. The experimental results explain 99\% variability in prediction with the R-squared statistics scores of 0.992. The algorithms are evaluated using the error matrix such as Mean Absolute Error
(MAE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), and accuracy for top affected regions across the world. |
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Suryawan, IGR, Bakhriansyah, et al |
Egypt Heart J |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
Authors report an 85-year-old patient with chief complaints of typical, squeezing chest pain in the past 4 h.
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Cross-reactivity of SARS-CoV-2 with HIV chemiluminescent assay leading to false-positive results |
Tan, SS, Chew, et al |
J Clin Pathol |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection
d'agents pathogènes |
Authors retrospectively reviewed and identified two positive COVID-19 cases on rRT-PCR who concurrently tested reactive
for HIV on the Architect, with further confounding results. |
|
Tan, SS, Saw, et al |
Arch Pathol Lab Med |
Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes |
The aim of this survey was to critically evaluate two commercially available SARS-CoV-2 serology tests. |
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The risk of introducing SARS-CoV-2 to the UK via international
travel in August 2020 |
Taylor, Rachel, McCarthy, et al |
medRxiv |
Transmission Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique |
As of the 17th August 2020, travellers from 12 of the top 25 countries flying into the UK are required to self-isolate
for 14 days. We estimate that 895 (CI: 834-958) infectious travellers arrive in a single week, of which 87% (779,CI: 722-837) originate from countries on the UK quarantine list. We compare alternative measures to the 14 day self-isolation (78.0% effective
CI: 74.4-81.6) which could be more feasible long-term. A single RT-PCR taken upon arrival at the airport is 39.6% (CI: 35.2-43.7) effective, or equivalently, it would only detect 2 in 5 infectious passengers. Alternatively, testing four days after arrival
is 64.3% (CI: 60.0-68.3) effective whereas a test at the airport plus additional test four days later is 68.9% (CI: 64.9-73.0) effective. |
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Can the Participant Speak Beyond Likert? Free Text Responses in COVID-19 Obesity Surveys |
Thomas, DM, Siegel, et al |
Obesity (Silver Spring) |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
Research on lifestyle changes during the COVID-19 pandemic often relies on Likert-type scale question surveys. Survey
participants respond to questions by selecting one of the numerically ordered choices, "Strongly Disagree"=1, "Disagree"=2, "Neutral"=3, "Agree"=4, and "Strongly Agree"=5. Analyzing Likert-type data requires statistical methods beyond approaches like linear
regression. First, it is unclear if the distance between choices are truly equal. For example, are "Agree" and "Strongly Agree" more close than "Neutral" and "Agree? Second, summarizing results using traditional means makes little sense. For example, would
a mean of 4.5 imply "Agree and a half"? Finally, participants tend to select more central choices and less extremes. |
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Repurposing of FDA approved drugs targeting Main protease MPro for SARS-CoV-2 |
Tiwari, S, J |
Research Square prepub |
Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
SARS-CoV-2 is one of the greatest pandemics in the history. There is no medicine or vaccine yet discovered to control
the outbreak. The paper deals with repurposing existing drugs to control the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 virus. Ten FDA-approved drugs namely Indinavir, Nelfinavir, Letermovir, Irinotecan, Elbasvir, Saquinavir, Darunavir, Raltegravir, Atazanavir and Amprenavir
were studied. In silico methods for virtual screening of protein-ligand docking of these drugs against SARS-CoV-2 MPro was performed. The binding efficiency of the drugs against viral main protease MPro was significantly high to inhibit SARS-CoV-2. The results
confirmed that Atazanavir, Nelfinavir, and Letermovir not only occupied the active site of Mpro but also showed increased binding affinity (-10.36 kcal/mole, -9.47 kcal/mole and -9.43 kcal/mole) even more than of control drugs of Lopinavir (-8.71 kcal/mole)
and Ritonavir (-8.08 kcal/mole). These repurposed drugs can be used in combination or individually as an alternative approach for rapid drug discovery against SARS-CoV-2 |
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SARS-CoV M(pro) inhibitory activity of aromatic disulfide compounds: QSAR model |
Toropov, AA, Toropova, et al |
J Biomol Struct Dyn |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
The main protease (M(pro)) of SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) had caused a high rate of mortality in 2003. Current
events (2019-2020) substantiate important challenges for society due to coronaviruses. Consequently, advancing models for the antiviral activity of therapeutic agents is a necessary component of the fast development of treatment for the virus. An analogy between
anti-SARS agents suggested in 2017 and anti-coronavirus COVID-19 agents are quite probable. Quantitative structure-activity relationships for SARS-CoV are developed and proposed in this study. The statistical quality of these models is quite good. Mechanistic
interpretation of developed models is based on the statistical and probability quality of molecular alerts extracted from SMILES. The novel, designed structures of molecules able to possess anti-SARS activities are suggested. For the final assessment of the
designed molecules inhibitory potential, developed from the obtained QSAR model, molecular docking studies were applied. Results obtained from molecular docking studies were in a good correlation with the results obtained from QSAR modeling. |
|
Trevino, KM, Raghunathan, et al |
Support Care Cancer |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
Authors describe the rapid deployment of remotely delivered mind-body services to people with cancer during COVID-19,
rates of participation, and acceptability from patients' perspectives. |
|
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Fuzzy Unique Image Transformation: Defense Against Adversarial Attacks On Deep COVID-19 Models |
Tripathi, AM, M |
ArXiv |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection
d'agents pathogènes |
This paper presents an evaluation of the performance of deep COVID-19 models against adversarial attacks. The experiments
and results show the proposed model prevents the deep model against the six adversarial attacks and maintains high accuracy to classify the COVID-19 cases from the Chest X-Ray image and CT image Datasets. The results also recommend that a careful inspection
is required before practically applying the deep models to diagnose the COVID-19 cases. |
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Functionalized TiO2 nanotube-based Electrochemical Biosensor for
Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2 |
Vadlamani, Bhaskar Sravan, Uppal, et al |
medRxiv |
Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes |
In this work, we report the synthesis of a cheap yet highly sensitive cobalt-functionalized TiO2 nanotubes (Co-TNTs)-based
electrochemical biosensor and its efficacy for rapid detection of spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 by examining S-RBD protein as the reference material.The sensor specifically detected the S-RBD protein of SARS-CoV-2 even at very low concentration (range of
14 nM to 1400 nM). Additionally, our sensor showed linear response in the detection of viral protein with concentration. In summary, our Co-TNT sensor is highly effective in detecting SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD protein in approximately 30 seconds, which can be explored
for developing a point of care diagnostics for rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 in nasal secretions or saliva samples |
|
Vaid, N, Ardissino, et al |
J Intern Med |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Therapeutics| Thérapeutique |
This study aims to examine the association between the use of immunosuppressant medication and outcomes of patients
hospitalized with COVID-19. In this cohort study of 981 confirmed COVID-19 patients consecutively hospitalized at a large North West London hospital, immunosuppressant use was associated with significantly higher mortality rates. |
|
|
Valdivia, Arantxa, Torres, et al |
medRxiv |
Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes |
This study aimed to evaluate the degree of correlation between neutralizing antibodies (NtAb) binding the SARS-CoV-2
Spike (S) protein and SARS-CoV-2-S-IgG levels measured by four commercial immunoassays in sera drawn from hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Ninety sera from 51 hospitalized COVID-19 patients were assayed by a pseudotyped virus neutralization assay, the LIAISON
SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2 IgG, the Euroimmun SARS-CoV-2 IgG ELISA, the MAGLUMI 2019-nCoV IgG and the COVID-19 ELISA IgG assays. Overall, the results obtained with the COVID-19 ELISA IgG test showed the highest agreement with the NtAb assay (κ, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.63-1).
The most sensitive tests were the pseudotyped virus NtAb assay and the COVID-19 ELISA IgG assay (92.2% for both). Overall, the degree correlation between antibody titers resulting in 50% virus neutralization (NtAb50) in the pseudotyped virus assay and SARS-CoV-2
IgG levels was strong for the Euroimmun SARS-CoV-2 IgG ELISA (Rho=0.73) and moderate for the remaining assays (Rho=0.48 to 0.59). The kinetic profile of serum NtAb50 titers could not be reliably predicted by any of the SARS-CoV-2 IgG immunoassays. |
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Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharynx according to clinical phenotype of affected patients |
Valent, F, Di Chiara, et al |
Clin Microbiol Infect |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Authors investigated the relation of duration of SARS-CoV-2 in upper respiratory and disease severity in the 530,000-inhabitant
North-Eastern Italian province of Udine. |
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Modelling the epidemic growth of preprints on COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 |
Vasconcelos, GiovaniL, Cordeiro, et al |
medRxiv |
Public Health Priorities| Priorités de santé publique |
In the present study we apply a mathematical growth model, known as the generalized Richards model, to describe the
time evolution of the cumulative number of COVID-19 related preprints. This mathematical approach allows us to infer several important aspects concerning the underlying growth dynamics, such as its current stage and its possible evolution in the near future.
We also analyze the rank-frequency distribution of preprints servers, ordered by the number of COVID-19 preprints they host, and find that it follows a power-law decay. |
|
Voeten, HACM, S |
Research Square prepub |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Transmission Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
Background An outbreak of COVID-19 in a nursing home in the Netherlands, following an on-site church service held on
March 8, 2020, triggered an investigation to unravel sources and chain(s) of transmission. Methods Epidemiological data were collected from registries and through a questionnaire among church visitors. Symptomatic residents and healthcare workers (HCWs) were
tested for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR and subjected to whole genome sequencing (WGS). Sequences from a selection of people from the same area were included as community reference. Results After the church service, 30 of 39 visitors (77%) developed symptoms; 14 were
tested and were positive for COVID-19 (11 residents and 3 non-residents). In the following five weeks, 62 of 300 residents (21%) and 30 of 640 HCWs (5%) tested positive for COVID-19; 21 of 62 residents (34%) died. The outbreak was controlled through a cascade
of measures. WGS of samples from residents and HCWs identified a diversity of sequence types, grouped into eight clusters. Seven resident church visitors all were infected with distinct viruses, four of which belonged to two larger clusters in the nursing
home. Conclusions Although initial investigation suggested the church service as source of the outbreak, detailed analysis showed a more complex picture, most consistent with widespread regional circulation of the virus in the weeks before the outbreak, and
multiple introductions into the nursing home before the visitor ban. The findings underscore the importance of careful outbreak investigations to understand SARS-CoV-2 transmission to develop evidence-based mitigation measures. |
|
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Walker, C, Peyko, et al |
J Med Case Rep |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
This case report demonstrates pericardial effusion, acute pericarditis, and cardiac tamponade in an otherwise healthy
woman who had a positive test result for coronavirus disease 2019. |
|
|
Wang, Q, Zhao, et al |
J Biomol Struct Dyn |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
3CL(pro) is the main protease of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) responsible for their intracellular duplication.
Based on virtual screening technology and molecular dynamics simulation, we found 23 approved clinical drugs such as Viomycin, Capastat, Carfilzomib and Saquinavir, which showed high affinity with the 3CL(pro) active sites. These findings showed that there
were potential drugs that inhibit SARS-Cov-2's 3CL(pro) in the current clinical drug library, and these drugs can be further tested or chemically modified for the treatment of COVID-19. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma. |
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|
Wang, X, Hu, et al |
AJR Am J Roentgenol |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
The objective of this study was to explore a CT visual severity score in hospitalized patients with COVID-19, with
attention to temporal changes in the score and the role of the score in a model for predicting in-hospital complications. This retrospective study included 161 inpatients with COVID-19 from three hospitals in China who underwent serial chest CT scans during
hospitalization. The cohort included 91 survivors with non-severe disease, 55 survivors with severe disease, and 15 patients who died during hospitalization. A CT visual severity score is associated with clinical disease severity and evolves in a characteristic
fashion during hospitalization for COVID-19. A prognostic model based on the CT visual severity score and clinical variables has strong performance in predicting in-hospital complications. |
|
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Enhanced SARS-CoV-2 Neutralization by Secretory IgA in vitro |
Wang, Zijun, Lorenzi, et al |
bioRxiv |
Immunology | Immunologie |
Here we characterize the IgA response to SARS-CoV-2 in a cohort of 149 individuals. IgA responses in plasma generally
correlate with IgG responses and clones of IgM, IgG and IgA producing B cells that are derived from common progenitors are evident. Plasma IgA monomers are 2-fold less potent than IgG equivalents. However, IgA dimers, the primary form in the nasopharynx, are
on average 15 times more potent than IgA monomers. Thus, secretory IgA responses may be particularly valuable for protection against SARS-CoV-2 and for vaccine efficacy. |
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Tracking Smell Loss to Identify Healthcare Workers with SARS-CoV-2
Infection |
Weiss, JulianJ, Attuquayefio, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
We performed a prospective cohort study, tracking 473 HCW across three months to determine if smell loss could predict
SARS-CoV-2 infection in this high-risk group. SARS-CoV-2 was identified in 17 (3.6%) of 473 HCW. Among the 17 infected HCW, 53% reported smell loss, and were more likely to report smell loss than COVID-negative HCW on both the at-home assessment and the screening
questionnaire (P < .01). 67% reported smell loss prior to having a positive SARS-CoV-2 test, and smell loss was reported a median of two days before testing positive. Neurologic symptoms were reported more frequently among COVID-positive HCW who reported smell
loss (P < .01). |
|
Wells, Konstans, Lurgi, et al |
medRxiv |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Public health interventions*| Interventions
de santé publique |
Using an individual-based metapopulation model, we explored the efficacy of different control strategies across an
urban-rural gradient in Wales, UK. Our model shows that isolation of symptomatic cases, or regional lockdowns in response to local outbreaks, have limited efficacy unless the overall transmission rate is kept persistently low. Additional isolation of non-symptomatic
infected individuals, who may be detected by effective test and trace strategies, is pivotal to reduce the overall epidemic size over a wider range of transmission scenarios. For interventions focused on regional lockdowns, the strength of such gradients in
epidemic size increased with higher travel frequencies, indicating a reduced efficacy of the control measure in the urban regions under these conditions. When both non-symptomatic and symptomatic individuals are isolated or regional lockdown strategies are
enforced, we further found the strongest urban-rural epidemic gradients at high transmission rates. This effect was reversed for strategies targeted at symptomatics only. Our results emphasise the importance of test-and-tracing strategies and maintaining low
transmission rates for efficiently controlling COVID19 spread, both at landscape scale and in urban areas. |
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|
Wheatley, AdamK, Juno, et al |
medRxiv |
Immunology | Immunologie |
The durability of infection-induced SARS-CoV-2 immunity has major implications for public health mitigation and vaccine
development. We find that binding and neutralising antibody responses, together with individual serum clonotypes, decay over the first 4 months post-infection, as expected, with a similar decline in S-specific CD4+ and circulating T follicular helper (cTFH)
frequencies. In contrast, S-specific IgG+ memory B cells (MBC) consistently accumulate over time, eventually comprising a significant fraction of circulating MBC. Modelling of the concomitant immune kinetics predicts maintenance of serological neutralising
activity above a titre of 1:40 in 50% of convalescent subjects to 74 days, with probable additive protection from B and T cells. Overall, our study suggests SARS-CoV-2 immunity after infection is likely to be transiently protective at a population level. |
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|
Wilke, J, Mohr, et al |
Int J Environ Res Public Health |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
This survey with 15,261 participants examined preferences towards digital home exercise programs in 14 countries affected
by COVID-19. |
|
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Wu, S, Yang, et al |
Omics |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Authors report a case of comorbidity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and pulmonary aspergillosis from coinfection
of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Aspergillus fumigatus. They report here a successful treatment and recovery of a patient with COVID-19 and A. fumigatus infection. |
|
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Substantial underestimation of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the United States |
Wu, SL, Mertens, et al |
Nat Commun |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
Authors use a semi-Bayesian probabilistic bias analysis to account for incomplete testing and imperfect diagnostic
accuracy. |
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May Medium Cut-Off Dialysis Membranes Have Impact on Outcome of COVID-19 Hemodialysis
Patients? |
YALIN, SF, MURT, et al |
Research Square prepub |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques Healthcare Response |
Réponse des soins de santé |
Purpose: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 which is a novel type of coronavirus, may lead to high levels
of expression of inflammatory cytokines. Medium cut-off membranes may make greater clearances for large-middle molecules (including cytokines) than low flux membranes. In this study, we aimed to evaluate impact of type of hemodialysis membranes on outcome
of COVID 19+ hemodialysis patients. Methods: Forty nine COVID 19 + hemodialysis patients were included into study. The patients were categorized into two groups regarding type of hemodialysis membranes. Clinical data, etiologies of kidney diseases, comorbidities,
laboratory and radiologic findings, antiviral, anti-cytokine treatments, and hemodialysis data were taken from medical records. Results: Medium cut-off membranes were used in 15 patients and low flux membranes were used in 34 patients. There were significantly
more patients with comorbidities in medium cut-off group compare to low flux group (p=0,014). CRP and ferritin which are each surragates of cytokine storm in COVID-19, were significantly higher in medium cut-off membrane group compare to low flux group (p=0,00,
0,01, respectively). Conclusion: It may be an option to use medium cut-off membranes in hemodialysis patients with COVID 19 in order to reduce cytokine levels and prevent cytokine storm. |
|
Yang, Wan, Shaff, et al |
medRxiv |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Transmission Public health interventions*| Interventions
de santé publique |
New York City experienced a large COVID-19 pandemic wave during March - May 2020.We estimate that the overall effective
reproductive number was 2.99 at the beginning of the pandemic wave and reduced to 0.93 one week after the stay-at-home mandate. Most age groups experienced similar reductions in transmission. Interventions reducing contact rates were associated with a 70.7%
(95% CI: 65.0 - 76.4%) reduction of transmission overall and >50% for all age groups during the pandemic. Face covering was associated with a 6.6% (95% CI: 0.8 - 12.4%) reduction of transmission overall and up to 20% for 65+ year-olds during the first month
of implementation. |
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PMC7475736; Improvement of Severe COVID-19 in an Elderly Man by Sequential Use of Antiviral Drugs |
Yatomi, M, Takazawa, et al |
Case Rep Infect Dis |
Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Although a variety of existing drugs are being tested for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), no efficacious
treatment has been found so far, particularly for severe cases. We report successful recovery in an elderly patient with severe pneumonia requiring mechanical ventilation and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Despite administration of multiple antiviral
drugs, including lopinavir/ritonavir, chloroquine, and favipiravir, the patient's condition did not improve. However, after administration of another antiviral drug, remdesivir, we were able to terminate invasive interventions, including ECMO, and subsequently
obtained negative polymerase chain reaction results. Although further validation is needed, remdesivir might be effective in treating COVID-19. |
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Performance and Robustness of Machine Learning-based Radiomic COVID-19
Severity Prediction |
Yip, StephenSF, Klanecek, et al |
medRxiv |
Clinical data| Données cliniques Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
This study investigated the performance and robustness of radiomics in predicting COVID-19 severity in a large public
cohort. A public dataset of 1110 COVID-19 patients (1 CT/patient) was used. Using CTs and clinical data, each patient was classified into mild, moderate, and severe by two observers. A single feature alone was sufficient to predict mild from severe COVID-19.
The most predictive features were the distribution of small size-zones (GLSZM-SmallAreaEmphasis) for provider classification and linear dependency of neighboring voxels (GLCM-Correlation) for radiologist classification. Radiomics significantly predicted different
levels of COVID-19 severity. The prediction was moderately sensitive to inter-observer classifications, and thus need to be used with caution. |
|
Prediction and severity ratings of COVID-19 in the United States |
Yue, L, Tu, et al |
Disaster Med Public Health Prep |
Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie |
The objective of this paper is to predict the possible trajectory of coronavirus spread in the US. |
|
App-Based Tracking of Self-Reported COVID-19 Symptoms: Analysis of Questionnaire Data |
Zens, M, Brammertz, et al |
J Med Internet Res |
Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique Surveillance |
BACKGROUND: COVID-19 is an infectious disease characterized by various clinical presentations. Knowledge of possible
symptoms and their distribution allows for the early identification of infected patients. OBJECTIVE: To determine the distribution pattern of COVID-19 symptoms as well as possible unreported symptoms, we created an app-based self-reporting tool. METHODS: The
COVID-19 Symptom Tracker is an app-based daily self-reporting tool. Between April 8 and May 15, 2020, a total of 22,327 individuals installed this app on their mobile device. An initial questionnaire asked for demographic information (age, gender, postal code)
and past medical history comprising relevant chronic diseases. The participants were reminded daily to report whether they were experiencing any symptoms and if they had been tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Participants who sought health care services were
asked additional questions regarding diagnostics and treatment. Participation was open to all adults (≥18 years). The study was completely anonymous. RESULTS: In total, 11,829 (52.98%) participants completed the symptom questionnaire at least once. Of these,
291 (2.46%) participants stated that they had undergone an RT-PCR (reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction) test for SARS-CoV-2; 65 (0.55%) reported a positive test result and 226 (1.91%) a negative one. The mean number of reported symptoms among untested
participants was 0.81 (SD 1.85). Participants with a positive test result had, on average, 5.63 symptoms (SD 2.82). The most significant risk factors were diabetes (odds ratio OR] 8.95, 95% CI 3.30-22.37) and chronic heart disease (OR 2.85, 95% CI 1.43-5.69).
We identified chills, fever, loss of smell, nausea and vomiting, and shortness of breath as the top five strongest predictors for a COVID-19 infection. The odds ratio for loss of smell was 3.13 (95% CI 1.76-5.58). Nausea and vomiting (OR 2.84, 95% CI 1.61-5.00)
had been reported as an uncommon symptom previously; however, our data suggest a significant predictive value. CONCLUSIONS: Self-reported symptom tracking helps to identify novel symptoms of COVID-19 and to estimate the predictive value of certain symptoms.
This aids in the development of reliable screening tools. Clinical screening with a high pretest probability allows for the rapid identification of infections and the cost-effective use of testing resources. Based on our results, we suggest that loss of smell
and taste be considered cardinal symptoms; we also stress that diabetes is a risk factor for a highly symptomatic course of COVID-19 infection. |
|
Zhang, L, Yang, et al |
J Air Transp Manag |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Transmission Public health interventions*| Interventions
de santé publique |
This study proposes a risk index to measure one country's imported case risk from inbound international flights. The
proposed index was applied to China, which is the first country to experience and control COVID-19 pandemic while later becoming exposed to high imported case risk after the epidemic centers switched to Europe and the US afterward. The calculated risk indexes
for each Chinese province or region show both spatial and temporal patterns from January to April 2020. It is found that China's strict restriction on inbound flights since March 26 was very effective to cut the imported case risk by half than doing nothing.
But the overall index level kept rising because of the deteriorating pandemic conditions around the world. This risk index can also be applied to other contexts and countries to relax restrictions on particular low-risk routes while still restricting the high-risk
ones. |
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Zhang, W, Liu, et al |
Wound Repair Regen |
Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé |
This study explored the mechanism and prevention of such injuries, and devised a novel emergent strategy, which was
supported by a multicenter self-controlled study in 1161 frontline healthcare professionals. |
|
|
Zheng, H, Z |
Research Square prepub |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
The outbreak of a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in many countries in the world from late 2019 to 2020 resulted in
millions of infected people, and caused serious damage to the social environments with significant changes in human power and material resources in the world. The novel coronavirus is an RNA virus. RNA mutation is common in nature. This makes it extremely
difficult to develop a virus vaccine in a short period. The evolution of the virus has been in a mutation state, in which a certain sequence changes associated with time and environments in similar distributions. A larger number of genomes were collected in
various open source databases for scientists in further explorations. In this paper, a 2D similarity comparison scheme on the A2 module of the MAS is proposed for extracting internal information among a genome undertaken M segment partitions to provide visual
results based on probability measures and quantitative statistics. First, a genome is segmented into corresponding numerical transformations, and then four numbers of meta symbols in each segment are counted.Corresponding probability measures are calculated.
Second, the probability is transformed into polar coordinates, and the polar coordinates are mapped into a MxM matrix. Then, a 1D genome can be processed into 2D measures with similarity properties in sequence. Through this correlation matrix, relevant similarity
results are analyzed. |
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Zheng, QX, Jiang, et al |
J Clin Nurs |
Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique |
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To observe the psychological status of pregnant women during COVID-19 pandemic, and to test a
hypothetical model that estimates the influence of psychological response to COVID-19 and security sense on pregnancy stress. BACKGROUND: COVID-19 advanced rapidly and then spread worldwide. Pregnant women were more susceptible to the COVID-19 infection. Furthermore,
it is not clear whether this infection will increase the risk of congenital monstrosity, foetal growth restriction, premature delivery or cause other long-term adverse effects. DESIGN: A descriptive, cross-sectional survey. METHODS: A total of 331 pregnant
women participated in this study. And this research adhered to the STROBE guideline. The psychological questionnaire for emergent events of public health, pregnancy stress scale and security questionnaire were used to collect data. The hypothetical path model
was tested using the SPSS version 25.0 software and AMOS version 26.0 software. RESULTS: Fear and depression were the most common psychological responses among pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic. The hypothesis model of this study fitted the data
well, and the results showed that psychological response positively affected pregnancy stress, while security sense negatively affected pregnancy stress; security sense mediated between psychological response and pregnancy stress. CONCLUSION: Nurses and midwives
can help reduce the stress in pregnant women by alleviating their psychological response to the COVID-19 pandemic and by improving their security sense. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: It is essential for the health staff to build trust with pregnant women
and their families, and communicate accurate information to them. Nurses should promptly conduct a psychological response evaluation and psychological guidance for pregnant women to alleviate their fears and hypochondria related to COVID-19. |
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First report on the Latvian SARS-CoV-2 isolate genetic diversity |
Zrelovs, Nikita, Ustinova, et al |
medRxiv |
Coronavirology| Coronavirologie |
With 109 viral isolates representing ~8.2% of the total COVID-19 cases in the country being completely sequenced as
of today, here we provide a first report on the genetic diversity of Latvian SARS-CoV-2 isolates. |
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COVID-19, Australia: Epidemiology Report 24 (Fortnightly reporting period ending 30 August 2020) |
|
Commun Dis Intell (2018) |
Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques |
Fortnightly reporting period ending 30 August 2020, from Australia's COVID-19 National Incident Room Surveillance Team. |
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Ramadan and Diabetes: A Narrative Review and Practice Update |
Ahmed, SH, Chowdhury, et al |
Diabetes Ther |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Algaadi, SA |
Dermatol Ther |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Alwaqfi, NR, Ibrahim, et al |
J Cardiothorac Surg |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Coverage of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Online Versions of Highly Circulated U.S. Daily Newspapers |
Basch, CH, Kecojevic, et al |
J Community Health |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Bassareo, PP, Melis, et al |
Postgrad Med J |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Recent Biotechnological Tools for Diagnosis of COVID-19 Disease: A review |
Behera, BC, Mishra, et al |
Biotechnol Prog |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
|
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Airborne contamination of COVID-19 in hospitals: a scoping review
of the current evidence |
Birgand, Gabriel, Peiffer-Smadja, et al |
medRxiv |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
ScR: MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science databases were systematically searched between 1 December 2019 and 21 July 2020.
Conclusion In hospital, the air near and away from COVID-19 patients is frequently contaminated with SARS-CoV-2 RNA, with however, rare proofs of their viability. High viral loads found in toilet/bathrooms, staff and public hallways suggests to carefully consider
these areas |
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Bondini, CM, Sage, et al |
Int Wound J |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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On the Role of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Imaging of COVID-19 |
Born, Jannis, Beymer, et al |
medRxiv |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Heterogeneous groups of alveolar type II cells in lung homeostasis and repair |
Chen, Q, Liu, et al |
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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COVID-19 transmission in a university setting: a rapid review of
modelling studies |
Christensen, Hannah, Turner, et al |
medRxiv |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
Rapid Review: searched PubMed, Web of Science, bioRxiv/ medRxiv and sought expert input via social media to identify
relevant papers. BioRxiv/ medRxiv and PubMed/Web of Science searches took place on 3 and 6 July 2020, respectively.
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Chrzanowski, J, Chrzanowska, et al |
Phytother Res |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Do, LAH, Anderson, et al |
PLoS Pathog |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Application of Chinese Medicine in the Management of Critical Conditions: A Review on Sepsis |
Fan, TT, Cheng, et al |
Am J Chin Med |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Felsenstein, S, Hedrich, et al |
Clin Immunol |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Gold, Natalie, Hu, et al |
medRxiv |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
SR: searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials (CENTRAL), China National Knowledge
Infrastructure and grey literature. There was only one intervention that was judged to be at low risk of bias, Germ Defence, which reduced incidence and severity of illness, as confirmed by objective measures. |
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Heidary, F, Gharebaghi, et al |
Expert Rev Clin Immunol |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
SR: comprehensive search of the PubMed database without time or language limitation. TRIM56 has been shown to have
direct antiviral actions against positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses from the families Flaviviridae, Coronaviridae, and Retroviridae. Moreover, it may be effective against negative-sense single-strand RNA viruses from the families Paramyxoviridae and
Orthomyxoviridae, as well as a DNA virus, Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1). |
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Ji, Hong-LongJ, Su, et al |
medRxiv |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
SR: searched the databases until Aug 18, 2020, with no limitations by language. The findings of this meta-analysis-
and meta-regression-based systematic review supports elevated D-dimer as an independent predictor for mortality and severe complications. D-dimer-associated clinical variables draw a landscape integrating the aggregate effects of systemically suppressive and
locally (i.e., in the lung) hyperactive derangements of fibrinolysis. |
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Justice, JN, Gubbi, et al |
Geroscience |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Kiszewski, AnthonyE, Galkina Cleary, et al |
medRxiv |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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COVID-19 Models for Hospital Surge Capacity Planning: A Systematic Review |
Klein, MG, Cheng, et al |
Disaster Med Public Health Prep |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
SR: PubMed, EMBASE, ISI Web of Science, Google Scholar and the Google search engine from May 15, 2020 to July 15, 2020.
The results of our study provide information to physicians, hospital administrators, emergency response personnel and governmental agencies on available models for preparing scenario-based plans for responding to the COVID-19 or similar type of outbreak. |
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Klemeš, JJ, Fan, et al |
Energy (Oxf) |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Mortality of COVID-19 with preadmission metformin use in patients with diabetes: a meta-analysis |
Kow, CS, Hasan, et al |
J Med Virol |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
MA: perform a comprehensive literature search in PubMed, Scopus, Goggle Scholar, medRxiv (a preprint repository)
up to August 8, 2020. In conclusion, our analysis provided a rather strong signal to repurpose metformin for the treatment of COVID-19 to reduce the risk of mortality. |
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Lahiri, PK, M |
Research Square prepub |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
|
|
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Traditional Chinese Medicine as Potential Therapy for COVID-19 |
Li, S, Liu, et al |
Am J Chin Med |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
|
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Martinez, O |
Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Combatting COVID-19: is ultrasound an important piece in the diagnostic puzzle? |
McDermott, C, Daly, et al |
Emerg Med J |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
|
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McGee, RobertW |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Montenegro, F, Unigarro, et al |
Expert Rev Respir Med |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
|
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Scoping review: hotspots for COVID-19 urological research: what is being published and from where? |
Qu, LG, Perera, et al |
World J Urol |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
ScR: utilised a search strategy that assessed five electronic databases, additional grey literature, and global trial
registries. |
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Rabinovitz, B, Jaywant, et al |
Clin Neuropsychol |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Rusiñol, M, Martínez-Puchol, et al |
Curr Opin Environ Sci Health |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Saussez, S, Lechien, et al |
Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
|
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Seyedpour, S, Khodaei, et al |
J Cell Physiol |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
SR: search was carried out in major medical sources, including MEDLINE (through PubMed), Web of Science, Scopus, and
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|
|
|
Villas-Boas, G, Rescia, et al |
Molecules |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
|
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Welsch, R, Hecht, et al |
Hum Factors |
Review Literature| Revue de littérature |
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Abdalla, SMS, Mustafa, et al |
Br J Surg |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Agrawal, V, Sharma, et al |
Br J Surg |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Albalawi, M, Zaidi, et al |
JMIR Res Protoc |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Why may COVID-19 overwhelm low-income countries like Pakistan? |
Ali, I, Ali, et al |
Disaster Med Public Health Prep |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Amolegbe, KB |
World Dev |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Vulnerability After COVID-19 and the Response of a Developing City: The Case
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Arboleda, David, Zambrano, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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The proteomics contribution to the counter-bioterrorism toolbox in the post-COVID-19 era |
Armengaud, J |
Expert Rev Proteomics |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Fear of contagion: one of the most devious enemies to fight during COVID-19 pandemic |
Baldi, E, Savastano, et al |
Disaster Med Public Health Prep |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Bacterial and fungal superinfections in critically ill patients with COVID-19 |
Bassetti, M, Kollef, et al |
Intensive Care Med |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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How can we better predict pulmonary blood clots in patients hospitalised for COVID-19? |
Bertoletti, L, Huisman, et al |
Eur Respir J |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Quantifying the Effects of COVID-19 on Mental Health Support Forums |
Biester, L, M |
ArXiv |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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PMC7455144; COVID-19 vaccines: Getting Anti-vaxxers involved in the discussion |
Boodoosingh, R, Olayemi, et al |
World Dev |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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In search of a vaccine against COVID-19: implications for nursing practice |
Boulton, J |
Br J Nurs |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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COVID-19 and 'conversations not had' with people with frailty in acute settings |
Brighton, LJ, C, et al |
J Health Serv Res Policy |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Gendered Complications of Covid-19: Towards a Feminist Recovery Plan |
Cahn, NaomiR, McClain, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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The underdog coronavirus vaccines that the world will need if front runners stumble |
Callaway, E |
Nature |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Caparros-Gonzalez, R, Luque-Fernández, et al |
Rev Esp Salud Publica |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Catchpole, K, Bowie, et al |
Int J Qual Health Care |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Ceconi, V, Barbi, et al |
J Diabetes |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Chen, AI, Lin, et al |
Ann Rheum Dis |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Immune response and blood-brain barrier dysfunction during viral neuroinvasion |
Chen, Z, Li, et al |
Innate Immun |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Cheong, KH |
Bioessays |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Cherepanov, E |
Disaster Med Public Health Prep |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Condit, RC, Kim, et al |
Vaccine |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Cook, J |
Lab Med |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Cuenca Saez, MA, Gomez-Biezna, et al |
Actas Dermosifiliogr |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Clinical Outcomes in Young US Adults Hospitalized With COVID-19 |
Cunningham, JW, Vaduganathan, et al |
JAMA Intern Med |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Will the COVID-19 crisis trigger a One Health coming-of-age? |
de Garine-Wichatitsky, Michel, Binot, et al |
The Lancet Planetary Health |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Immunity passports, fundamental rights and public health hazards: a reply to Brown et al |
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J Med Ethics |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Devereaux, A, Yang, et al |
Disaster Med Public Health Prep |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Hospital Admissions for Trauma and Acute Care Surgery |
DiFazio, LT, Curran, et al |
Am Surg |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Du, RH, Liang, et al |
Eur Respir J |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Covid-19: London hospital where 70 staff had to self-isolate must improve infection control |
Dyer, C |
Bmj |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy as a Potential Treatment Against COVID-19: A Case for Blue Light |
Enwemeka, CS, Baker, et al |
Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Escandón, K, Martin, et al |
Disaster Med Public Health Prep |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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The Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19): Challenges and opportunities |
Farnoosh, G, Alishiri, et al |
Disaster Med Public Health Prep |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
|
Fears, Robin, Gillett, et al |
The Lancet Planetary Health |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Fernandes, JD, Hinrichs, et al |
Nat Genet |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Exploring the coronavirus pandemic with the WashU Virus Genome Browser |
Flynn, JA, Purushotham, et al |
Nat Genet |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Fontanet, A, Cauchemez, et al |
Nat Rev Immunol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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At-Home Photobiomodulation Treatments for Supportive Cancer Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic |
Fornaini, C, Merigo, et al |
Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Fretheim, A, Flatø, et al |
J Epidemiol Community Health |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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COVACTA trial raises questions about tocilizumab's benefit in COVID-19 |
Furlow, Bryant |
The Lancet Rheumatology |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Infodemic: excess quantity to the detriment of quality of information about COVID-19 |
Garcia, LP, Duarte, et al |
Epidemiol Serv Saude |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Garrido, I, Liberal, et al |
JHEP Rep |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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From Katrina to COVID-19: Hard-Learned Lessons and Resilience |
Gee, RE |
Am J Public Health |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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200 Years of Florence and the challenges of nursing practices management in the COVID-19 pandemic |
Geremia, DS, Vendruscolo, et al |
Rev Lat Am Enfermagem |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Challenges faced by pediatric nursing workers in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic |
Góes, FGB, Silva, et al |
Rev Lat Am Enfermagem |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Gul, MH, Htun, et al |
Expert Rev Respir Med |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks, age and gender: Getting under the skin |
Gyasi, RM |
Int J Health Plann Manage |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Hart, A, Bortolin, et al |
Disaster Med Public Health Prep |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
|
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Hayashi, T, U |
ArXiv |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
|
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Hellings, PW |
Rhinology |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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The surge in nephrology consultations and inpatient dialysis services during the COVID-19 pandemic |
Hirsch, JS, Uppal, et al |
Clin Nephrol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Howard, Courtney |
The Lancet Planetary Health |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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How to keep students engaged in oral health education during the COVID -19 pandemic |
Hu, J, Zou, et al |
J Dent Educ |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Hu, YF, Cheng, et al |
Circ J |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Covid-19: Government plans to spend £100bn on expanding testing to 10 million a day |
Iacobucci, G, Coombes, et al |
Bmj |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Prevalence of SARS-COVID-19 serum IgG antibodies amongst staff on an acute surgical unit |
Isherwood, J, Winyard, et al |
Br J Surg |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Changing Patterns of Domestic Abuse during COVID-19 Lockdown |
Ivandic, Ria, Kirchmaier, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Regardless of Age, Obesity and Hypertension Increase Risks With COVID-19 |
Katz, MH |
JAMA Intern Med |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Designing and Interpreting COVID-19 Diagnostics: Mathematics, Visual Logistics, and Low Prevalence |
Kost, GJ |
Arch Pathol Lab Med |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Bioethical considerations for cancer patients care during the COVID-19 pandemic |
Kourie, HR, Eid, et al |
Future Oncol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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LaVeist, TA |
Am J Public Health |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Antibody-dependent enhancement and SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and therapies |
Lee, WS, Wheatley, et al |
Nat Microbiol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Li, Zhuoxin, Wang, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Children with cancer during COVID-19 pandemic: Early experience in Mexico |
López-Aguilar, E, Cárdenas-Navarrete, et al |
Pediatr Blood Cancer |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Can COVID-19-related anxiety trigger a relapse of schizophrenia? |
Lynch, A, Bastiampillai, et al |
Aust N Z J Psychiatry |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Covid-19: Oxford researchers halt vaccine trial while adverse reaction is investigated |
Mahase, E |
Bmj |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Manes, C, Gollakner, et al |
Vet Ital |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Mantovani, A, Netea, et al |
N Engl J Med |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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PMC7282788; Obesity risk during collective quarantine for the COVID-19 epidemic |
Mattioli, AV, Pinti, et al |
Obes Med |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Matukas, LM, Dhalla, et al |
Cmaj |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Brain autopsies in fatal COVID-19 and postulated pathophysiology: more puzzling than a Rubik's
cube |
Mehta, S, Bhandari, et al |
J Clin Pathol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Mihaila, RG, Dragos Mihaila, et al |
Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Intelligent Tutoring Systems: Re-envisioning surgical education in response to COVID-19 |
Mirchi, N, Ledwos, et al |
Can J Neurol Sci |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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COVID-19: Second Wave or Multiple Peaks, Natural Herd Immunity or Vaccine-We Should be Prepared |
Moghnieh, R, Abdallah, et al |
Disaster Med Public Health Prep |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Implementation of an online treatment planning exercise focused on vulnerable patient groups |
Nair, RU, Marchini, et al |
J Dent Educ |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Failing to Pull Together: South Africa's Troubled Response to Covid-19 |
Naudé, Wim, Cameron, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Public health response to COVID-19: the forecaster's dilemma |
Naumova, EN |
J Public Health Policy |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Accepting a "new norm" - what level of PPE do we really need for surgery during COVID-19? |
Ong, CS, Ong, et al |
Br J Surg |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Ozaydin, Ozay, Ulengin, et al |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Decreasing performance anxiety in the clinical setting during COVID-19 pandemic |
Pastan, CD, Zandona, et al |
J Dent Educ |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Live-streamed ward rounds: a tool for clinical teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic |
Pennell, CE, Kluckow, et al |
Med J Aust |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Perrotta, F, Corbi, et al |
Aging Clin Exp Res |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Phillip, M, Bergenstal, et al |
Diabetes Technol Ther |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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A leading coronavirus vaccine trial is on hold: scientists react |
Phillips, N, Cyranoski, et al |
Nature |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
|
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Pirkle, CM |
Bmj |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Attitudes of Patients With Skin Tumors During the COVID-19 Pandemic |
Porcar Saura, S, Pons Benavent, et al |
Actas Dermosifiliogr |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Powell, Robyn |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Covid-19: Private hospitals commit to training juniors who help to tackle backlog |
Rimmer, A |
Bmj |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Rivers, J, Ihle, et al |
Med J Aust |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Rodgers, GP, Gibbons, et al |
Jama |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Rossolatos, George |
SSRN- Lancet prepublication |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Audio Interview: Guidelines for Covid-19 Vaccine Development |
Rubin, EJ, Baden, et al |
N Engl J Med |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Ruckert, A, Zinszer, et al |
Can J Public Health |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Ruscitti, P, Bruno, et al |
Ann Rheum Dis |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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THE CHALLENGING AND UNPREDICTABLE SPECTRUM OF COVID-19 IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS |
Safadi, MAP, Silva, et al |
Rev Paul Pediatr |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Treatment protocol to allow reconstructive breast surgery during COVID-19 pandemic |
Sanchez, AM, Scardina, et al |
Br J Surg |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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COVID-19 outbreak on the Costa Atlantica cruise ship: use of a remote health monitoring system |
Sando, E, Morimoto, et al |
J Travel Med |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Schmid, M, Escher, et al |
Radiologe |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Consenting in cardiac surgery during COVID-19: Are the risks quantifiable? |
Shafi, AMA, Harky, et al |
J Card Surg |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Perinatal Mental Health in Kashmir, India During The COVID-19 Pandemic |
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Matern Child Health J |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Shuren, J, Stenzel, et al |
N Engl J Med |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Jogger's facial dermatoses- an emerging entity in COVID-19 pandemic |
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Dermatol Ther |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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World J Pediatr |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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J Intern Med |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Tam, H, El Tal, et al |
Cmaj |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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The important role of social media during the COVID-19 epidemic |
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Disaster Med Public Health Prep |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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J Dent Educ |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Disaster Med Public Health Prep |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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The Lancet Planetary, Health |
The Lancet Planetary Health |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Lessons From Tuberculosis Control for COVID-19: Screening Should Be Universal |
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New Solut |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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J Clin Invest |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Asia Pac J Public Health |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Rapid Scaling Up of Covid-19 Diagnostic Testing in the United States - The NIH RADx Initiative |
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N Engl J Med |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Disaster Med Public Health Prep |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Psychiatry Clin Neurosci |
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Disaster Med Public Health Prep |
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Br J Nurs |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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J Biochem Mol Toxicol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Zeka, Ariana, Tobias, et al |
The Lancet Planetary Health |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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ACE2: Its potential role and regulation in severe acute respiratory syndrome and COVID-19 |
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J Cell Physiol |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Coronavirus research updates: The immune-cell traits that could predict severe COVID-19 |
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Nature |
Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial |
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Appendix: Process and definitions.
A daily search for new publications is conducted in PubMed, Scopus,
BioRxiv and MedRxiv, SSRN,
Research Square,
arXiv for all publications related to COVID-19 disease or SARS-CoV-2 using the search terms (COVID-19 OR SARS-CoV-2
OR "novel CoV" OR "novel coronavirus" OR nCoV) adapted to each database. The capture is cross-referenced with publication announcements on the COVID-19 dashboards set up by a number of publishers and google. Publishers include
Lancet,
Elsevier,
The New England Journal of Medicine,
BMJ, Wiley,
Springer Nature, ChinaCDCweekly.
Additionally the database is cross-referenced with other literature scans e.g.
WHO publication list and activities by collaborators. Members of the Emerging Sciences group develop 1 -2 point summaries of each publication. Please email Lisa Waddell for additional information:
Lisa.Waddell@canada.ca.
References are compiled in a reworks database that has citations since the beginning of the outbreak. All references can be accessed at this
link and by the categories listed below. The daily scan has also been compiled in an excel sheet and copies can be provided upon request or
accessed
here.
Category Definitions:
Modelling/ prediction: Predictive modeling is a process that uses data mining and probability
to forecast outcomes. Each model is made up of a number of predictors, which are variables that are likely to influence future results.
Epidemiology:
the branch of medicine which deals with the incidence, distribution, and possible control of diseases and other factors relating to health. Includes Ro, attack rates, case number doubling time, case fatality
rate, serial interval, clinical attack rate, asymptomatic fraction, proportion of asymptomatic and infective*
Transmission: The passage of a pathogen causing communicable disease from an infected host
to an uninfected host via direct or indirect routes.
Clinical data
of cases: Includes clinical parameters such as incubation period, latent period, period of communicability, duration of illness, duration of hospitalization, host risk factors, as well as clinical profiles of patients; presenting symptoms, symptoms over
course of illness, sequelae, comorbidities.*
Surveillance: Public health surveillance is the continuous, systematic collection, analysis and
interpretation of health-related data. Surveillance data will likely be number of cases suspected/confirmed, number of deaths, number recovered. *
Coronavirology: All research relating to the virus; its characteristics, genetic make-up, phylogenetic
analyses
Diagnostics / Pathogen detection:
All studies on identification of the virus; culture, PCR, antibody/antigen tests etc.
Therapeutics:
Studies of substances that may be used to treat infected hosts including passive immunization products.
Vaccine Research:
Studies of vaccine candidates to prevent infection with 2019-nCoV including clinical trials.
Public Health Priorities:
These citations will focus on what the current research priorities are and/or where knowledge gaps exist.
Public Health interventions*:
Any study evaluating how effective a public health intervention is or maybe (in the case of a predictive model).
Public Health response:
These papers are typically overviews of past and current activities, they often also identify knowledge gaps and suggest future activities or objectives.
Infection Prevention and Control/
Prévention et contrôle des infections (IPAC/PCI): Any research on the effectiveness of IPC interventions should also be tagged as IPC
Health care Response:
This foci would include a description of activities to deal with 2019-nCoV cases including, but not limited to: set up of a special emergency multi-disciplinary intensive care team; Bed and medical equipment preparation/ stock piling supplies; Education
and training of staff; Early case recognition and classification of disease severity.
Economics: papers discussing/ forecasting the economics of COVID-19 pandemic.
Zoonotic:
all literature discussing the transmission to and from or occurrence of naturally acquired SARS-COV-2 infection in animals.
Review Literature:
All articles that summarize the published literature can be tagged as a review. This includes systematic review, meta-analysis, scoping review, overviews, umbrella reviews*
Commentary/Editorial:
For commentaries, editorials, letters to the editor, other types of opinion pieces where there is no new data collected by the author or analysis conducted by the author, please tag these within the commentary category.
News articles that have not scientific information.
*Lists are not exhaustive
Annexe: Processus et définitions.
Une recherche quotidienne des nouvelles publications est effectuée dans PubMed, Scopus,
BioRxiv and MedRxiv,
SSRN,
Research Square,
arXiv
pour toutes les publications relatives à la maladie COVID-19 ou au SRAS-CoV-2 en utilisant les termes de recherche (COVID-19 OU SARS-CoV-2 OU « novel CoV » OU « novel coronavirus » OU nCoV). La saisie renvoie à des annonces de publication
sur les tableaux de bord du nCoV mis en place par un certain nombre d'éditeurs et par Google. Parmi les éditeurs figurent
Lancet,
Elsevier,
The New England Journal of Medicine,
BMJ,
Wiley,
Springer Nature,
ChinaCDCweekly. En outre, la base de données renvoie à d'autres survols de publications, e.g.
la liste des publications de l'OMS,
et à des activités des collaborateurs. Les membres du groupe scientifique émergent préparent des résumés en 1 ou 2 points de chaque publication. Pour en savoir plus, veuillez envoyer un courriel à Lisa Waddell au :
Lisa.Waddell@canada.ca.
Les références sont compilées dans une base de données Refworks qui contient des citations depuis le début de l'épidémie. Toutes les références sont accessibles à partir de ce
lien et par les catégories énumérées ci-dessous. L'analyse quotidienne a également été compilée
dans une feuille Excel et des copies peuvent être fournies sur demande ou consultées
ici.
Définitions des catégories :
Modélisation / prédiction :
La modélisation prédictive est un processus qui utilise l'exploration de données et la probabilité pour prévoir les résultats. Chaque modèle est composé de plusieurs prédicteurs, qui sont des variables susceptibles d'influencer les résultats futurs.
Épidémiologie :
Branche de la médecine qui traite de l'incidence, de la répartition et du contrôle éventuel des maladies et d'autres facteurs liés à la santé. Comprend le taux de reproduction de base (Ro),
les taux d'attaque, le temps de doublement du nombre de cas, le taux de létalité, l'intervalle sériel, le taux d'attaque clinique, la fraction asymptomatique, la proportion de cas asymptomatiques et infectieux*.
Transmission :
Passage d'un agent pathogène causant une maladie transmissible d'un hôte infecté à un hôte non infecté par des voies directes ou indirectes.
Données cliniques
des cas : Comprend les paramètres cliniques tels que la période d'incubation, la période de latence, la période de contagiosité, la durée de la maladie, la durée de l'hospitalisation, les facteurs de risque de l'hôte, ainsi que les profils
cliniques des patients; les symptômes présentés, les symptômes au cours de la maladie, les séquelles, les comorbidités.*
Surveillance : La surveillance
de la santé publique est la collecte, l'analyse et l'interprétation continues et systématiques de données relatives à la santé. Les données de surveillance concerneront probablement le nombre de cas suspects / confirmés, le nombre de décès, le nombre de personnes
guéries. *
Coronavirologie : Toutes les recherches relatives
au virus, ses caractéristiques, sa constitution génétique et les analyses phylogénétiques.
Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes :
Toutes les études sur l'identification du virus : culture, PCR, tests de dépistage d'anticorps ou d’antigènes, etc.
Thérapeutique :
Étude des substances pouvant être utilisées pour traiter les hôtes infectés, y compris les produits d'immunisation passive.
Recherche sur les vaccins : Études des candidats à la
vaccination pour prévenir l'infection par le 2019-nCoV, y compris des essais cliniques.
Priorités de santé publique :
Ces citations porteront sur les priorités actuelles de recherche et/ou sur les lacunes dans les connaissances.
Interventions de santé publique* :
Toute étude évaluant l'efficacité (réelle ou possible) d'une intervention de santé publique (dans le cas d'un modèle prédictif).
Réponse de la santé publique :
Ces articles sont généralement des aperçus des activités passées et actuelles, qui identifient souvent les lacunes dans les connaissances et suggèrent des activités ou des objectifs futurs.
Prévention et contrôle des infections/Infection Prevention and Control (PCI/IPAC) :
Les recherches sur l'efficacité des interventions en PCI doivent également être marquées comme PCI.
Réponse des soins de santé :
Ce point comprendrait une description des activités pour traiter les cas de 2019-nCoV, notamment : mise en place d'une équipe multidisciplinaire spéciale de soins intensifs d'urgence; préparation des lits et des équipements médicaux
/ stockage des fournitures; sensibilisation et formation du personnel; reconnaissance précoce des cas et classification de la gravité de la maladie.
Modèle animal:
Zoonotic:
all literature discussing the transmission to and from or occurrence of naturally acquired SARS-COV-2 infection in animals.
Économie: documents discutant / prévoyant l'économie de la pandémie de COVID-19
Revue de la documentation :
Tous les articles qui résument les documents publiés peuvent être marqués comme une revue. Cela comprend les revues systématiques, les méta-analyses, les études de la portée, les aperçus, les examens généraux*.
Commentaires/Éditorial :
Pour les commentaires, éditoriaux, lettres à la rédaction, autres types d'articles d'opinion pour lesquels aucune nouvelle donnée n'est collectée ou aucune analyse n'est effectuée par l'auteur, veuillez les marquer dans la catégorie des
commentaires.
journaux
Articles de presse qui n'ont pas d'informations scientifiques.
* Les listes ne sont pas exhaustives