Subject: Daily Scan of COVID-19 Scientific Publications / survol journalier des publications scientifiques du COVID-19, 2020-09-04

Good afternoon,

There are 401 citations in today’s scan. 260 were considered primary research or review literature.

Highlights today include:

CANADA:

· Baradi et al investigated the prevalence of active and past infection with SARS-CoV-2 in a specialized pediatric institution in Montreal, Canada. Active infection was not detected any of the 199 individuals tested. However, 22 (11%) of study participants had SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies, indicating prior infection. Ten of these participants did not report symptoms compatible with COVID-19 in the 6 months prior to the study.

PUBLIC HEALT INTERVENTIONS

· Elbanna et al modelled of the COVID-19 epidemic within the State of Illinois at the population level, and within the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign at a more detailed level of description that follows individual students as they go about their educational and social activities. Assuming that there are approximately 45,000 students returning to campus in the week beginning August 15, 2020, the most conservative estimate predicts that a median of 270 COVID-19 positive cases will be detected by entry screening. This initial bump will be contained by entry screening initiated isolation and contact tracing, and once the semester is underway, by universal masking, a hybrid teaching model, twice-weekly testing, isolation, contact tracing, quarantining and the use of the Safer Illinois exposure notification app.

· Ghaffarzadegan N., presents simulations for controlling the spread of COVID-19 in U.S. universities and preventing student and staff deaths. In the base scenario, with only reactive testing of 500 tests/day for a hypothetical university of 25,000 students and 3000 professors, the probability of at least 1, 2 or 5 deaths by the middle of a 90-day semester reaches 0.94, 0.78. and 0.16 for students and ~ 1.0 (certainty) for staff.  Alternative, more stringent mitigation measures are also simulated and proposed. lternative, more stringent mitigation measures are also simulated and proposed.

· Grafton et al use agent based and compartment models to simulate the effects of different social distancing and detection strategies on Australian COVID-19 infections and the economy from March to July 2020 finding that higher levels of social distancing achieve zero community transmission with 100% probability and lower economy cost while low levels of social distancing result in uncontrolled outbreaks and higher economy costs.  Early relaxation of social distancing increases both public health and economy costs.

· Pachetti et al. analyzed how different lockdown strategies and PCR testing capability adopted by Italy, France, Germany, Spain, Sweden, UK, and the USA have influenced the Case Fatality Rate and the viral mutations spread. A novel nonsynonymous SARS-CoV-2 mutation in the spike protein (nt24368) has been found in genomes sequenced in Sweden, which enacted a soft lockdown strategy. Strict lockdown strategies together with a wide diagnostic PCR testing of the population were correlated with a relevant decline of the case fatality rate in different countries.

· Qi et al. Used comprehensive death records covering around 300 million Chinese people to estimate the impacts of city and community lockdowns on non-COVID-19 mortality outside of Wuhan. The authors found that lockdowns reduced the number of non-COVID-19 deaths by 4.9%. The health benefits are likely driven by significant reductions in air pollution, traffic, and human interactions.

· Ciminelli et al. report on an ecological analysis of the impact of business shut downs during the first part of the epidemic in Italy – they estimate the deaths would have been two fold without shut downs- and show that timely shutdowns equate to reducing mortality – shutting down a week earlier would have further reduced mortality by 25%.

· Clipman et al. report on a survey (1030 people) from Maryland Jun17-28 on adherence to NPIs. 92% reported traveling and 66% visited friends/family. public transport use 18%. 68% reported strict social distancing indoors and 53% strict masking indoors. A multivariable model for positive SARS-CoV-2 indicate social distancing OR= 0.10 (95%CI: 0.03 – 0.33), public transit use OR 4.3; (95%CI: 1.1 – 16.5) and place of worship OR=16 (95%CI: 6.0-42.7) were significant.

IPAC

· Gottsauner et al find no effect of a 1% hydrogen peroxide mouthrinse on reducing the intraoral SARS-CoV-2 load in 10 SARS-CoV-2 positive patients. The recommendation of a preprocedural mouthrinse with hydrogen peroxide before intraoral procedures is questionable, but strict infection prevention regimens are of paramount importance.

TRANSMISSION

· Shi et al conducted a quantitative microbial risk assessment to estimate the health risks associated with two aerosol exposure scenarios: 1) toilet flushing, and 2) faulty connection of a floor drain with the building main sewer pipe. The median risks of developing COVID-19 for a single day exposure was 1.11 x 10^-10 and 3.52 x 10^-11 for toilet flushing and faulty drain scenario, respectively.

EPIDEMIOLOGY

· Figueiredo-Campos et al. quantified immunoglobulin M (IgM), IgG and IgA antibodies over a period of five months following COVID-19 disease onset or in previously SARS-CoV-2 PCR-positive volunteers. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses followed a classic pattern with a rapid increase within the first three weeks after symptoms. Although titres reduce from approximately four weeks, the ability to detect SARS-CoV-2 antibodies remained robust for five months in a large proportion of previously virus-positive screened subjects.

· Olczak et al. investigated the impact of regular mass outdoor meetings on the spread of a virus by considering football matches in England in February and March 2020 and the spread of COVID-19 into April 2020. The authors found evidence that mass outdoor events were consistent with more cases and deaths. The authors found that a football match is consistent with around six additional COVID-19 cases per 100,000 people, two additional COVID-19 deaths per 100,000 people, and three additional excess deaths per 100,000 people.

· Rostad et al. aimed to measure SARS-CoV-2 serologic responses in children hospitalized with multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) compared to COVID-19, Kawasaki Disease (KD) and hospitalized pediatric controls. From March 17, 2020 - May 26, 2020, the authors prospectively identified hospitalized children at Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta with MIS-C, symptomatic COVID-19, KD, and hospitalized controls. Children with MIS-C had significantly higher SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) IgG antibody titers. All children with MIS-C also had detectable RBD IgM antibodies, indicating recent SARS-CoV-2 infection.

· Waterfield, et al. report a multicentre observational cohort study, conducted between 16th April - 3rd July 2020 at 5 UK sites, aimed to recruit 900 children aged 2 to 15 years of age. In this study children demonstrated similar antibody titres in response to SARS-CoV-2 irrespective of age. The symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children were subtle but of those reported, fatigue, gastrointestinal symptoms and changes in sense of smell or taste were most strongly associated with antibody positivity.

· Blackburn et al. Estimated non-institutionalized IFR in the US using a random-sample study of SARS-CoV-2 prevalence: Overall IFR 0.26%, <40 years old 0.01%, > 60 years old 1.71%, ethnicity: whites 0.18%, non-whites 0.59%

CLINICAL DATA

· Gupta et al. reports on a case of a 23 month old infant presenting with a severe case of Paediatric Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome post COVID-19 infection in India.

ZOONOSES

· Deng et al. inoculated five rhesus macaques with SARS-CoV-2 conjunctivally (CJ), intratracheally (IT), and intragastrically (IG).  Nasal and throat swabs collected from CJ and IT had detectable viral RNA at 1–7 days post-inoculation (dpi). Viral RNA was detected in anal swabs from only the IT group at 1–7 dpi. Viral RNA was undetectable in tested swabs and tissues after intragastric inoculation. This study shows that infection via the conjunctival route is possible in non-human primates.

THERAPEUTICS

· Li et al. This study aimed to observe the efficacy of corticosteroids in non-severe COVID-19 pneumonia. In adult patients with non-severe COVID-19 pneumonia, early, low-dose, and short-term corticosteroids therapy was associated with worse clinical outcomes.

CORONAVIROLOGY

· Gomez-Carballa et al analyzed >4,700 SARS-CoV-2 genomes and associated meta-data retrieved from public repositories and identified a few dozen genomes (representing > 1/3 of the total database) that played a fundamental role in the spread of COVID-19. These SARS-CoV-2 strains (belonging to different haplogroups), occurred with high frequency in short time periods (of a few days) and became founders in restricted regions or countries. The phylogenic characteristics of these haplotypes are compatible with the existence of superspreaders playing an important role in the propagation of COVID-19 pandemic.

PUBLIC HEALTH RESPONSE

· Von Wyl, et al. aim to formalize indicators for measuring the fulfillment of assumptions for appropriate proximity tracing app functioning.  Using official statistics and survey data, we calculated indicator values and examined socio-demographic factors associated with the SwissCovid app utilization. Indicators show that 1 in 3 adults in Switzerland have downloaded the app. However, only 15% of new cases also triggered DPT-app notifications, and indicators also reveal ignored app notifications.

Regards,

Lisa Waddell, Tricia Corrin, Rukshanda Ahmad, Robyn Odell, Maribeth Mitri, Julie Theriault, Dobrila Todoric, Alejandra Dubois, Christina Bancej, Austyn Baumeister, Anam Khan, Musaab Younis, Lien Mi Tien, Dima Ayache, Angela Sloan, Kaitlin Young, Chatura Prematunge, Ainsley Otten

Focus areas: Modelling/ prediction, Epidemiology, Transmission, Clinical data, Surveillance, Coronavirology, Diagnostics / Pathogen detection, Therapeutics, Vaccine Research, Public health interventions, Public Health response, Public Health Priorities, IPAC, Health care response, immunology, economics, animal model, zoonoses, Review Literature, Commentary/Editorial, news

Domaines cibles: Modélisation/prédiction, Épidémiologie, Transmission, Données cliniques, Surveillance, Coronavirologie, Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes, Thérapeutique, Recherche sur les vaccins, Interventions de santé publique, Priorités de santé publique, PCI, Réponse des soins de santé, immunologie, économie, modèle animal, zoonoses, Revue de littérature, Commentaire/Éditorial, journaux

PUBLICATIONS	AUTHORS / AUTEURS	SOURCE	FOCI / DOMAINE	SUMMARY / SOMMAIRE
PMC7418748; COVID-19 pneumonia identified by CT of the abdomen: A report of three emergency patients presenting with abdominal pain	Abolyazid,  S,  Alshareef, et al	Radiol Case Rep	Clinical data| Données cliniques	We are presenting 3 patients who came to the ED with abdominal pain; and the computed tomography CT] of the abdomen showed findings suggestive of COVID-19 pneumonia. A 65-year-old male patient presented with symptoms of urinary tract infection and left renal angle tenderness. A 42-year-old male patient presented with right flank pain postextracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. A 71-year-old male known to have type 2 diabetes mellitus and who had had whipple surgery for a neoplasm of the head of the pancreas presented with a painful epigasteric swelling. The 3 patients had positive COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests and mild-to-moderate illness, and were discharged home after 2 weeks with a good recovery.
Modeling the combined effect of digital exposure notification and non-pharmaceutical interventions on the COVID-19 epidemic in Washington state	Abueg,  Matthew,  Hinch, et al	medRxiv	Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique	In this work, we use individual-based computational models to explore how digital exposure notifications can be used in conjunction with non-pharmaceutical interventions, such as traditional contact tracing and social distancing, to influence COVID-19 disease spread in a population. Specifically, we use a representative model of the household and occupational structure of three counties in the state of Washington together with a proposed digital exposure notifications deployment to quantify impacts under a range of scenarios of adoption, compliance, and mobility. In a model in which 15% of the population participated, we found that digital exposure notification systems could reduce infections and deaths by approximately 8% and 6%, effectively complementing traditional contact tracing.
PMC7454091; Updated Estimates of Chronic Conditions Affecting Risk for Complications from Coronavirus Disease, United States	Adams,  ML,  Katz, et al	Emerg Infect Dis	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	We updated estimates of adults at risk for coronavirus disease complications on the basis of data for China by using recent US hospitalization data. This update to our previous publication substitutes obesity for cancer as an underlying condition and increases adults reporting any of the conditions from 45.4% to 56.0%.
Governor partisanship explains the adoption of statewide mandates to wear face coverings	Adolph,  Christopher,  Amano, et al	medRxiv	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	We develop and document a classification of statewide mask mandates that reveals variation in their scope and timing. Some U.S. states quickly mandated the wearing of face coverings in most public spaces, whereas others issued narrow mandates or no mandate at all. We consider how differences in COVID-19 epidemiological indicators, state capacity, and partisan politics affect when states adopted broad mask mandates. The most important predictor is whether a state is led by a Republican governor. These states were much slower to adopt mandates, if they did so at all. COVID-19 indicators such as confirmed cases or deaths per million are much less important predictors of statewide mask mandates. This finding highlights a key challenge to public efforts to increase mask-wearing, widely believed to be one of the most effective tools for preventing the spread of SARS-CoV-2 while restoring economic activity.
To isolate or not to isolate: The impact of changing behavior on COVID-19 transmission	Agusto,  FolashadeB,  Erovenko, et al	medRxiv	Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique	We construct a mathematical model of COVID-19 transmission with quarantine and hospitalization coupled with a dynamic game model of adaptive human behavior. Susceptible and infected individuals adopt various behavioral strategies based on perceived prevalence and burden of the disease and sensitivity to isolation measures, and they evolve their strategies using a social learning algorithm (imitation dynamics). This results in complex interplay between the epidemiological model, which affects success of different strategies, and the game-theoretic behavioral model, which in turn affects the spread of the disease. We found that the second wave of the pandemic, which has been observed in the US, can be attributed to rational behavior of susceptible individuals, and that multiple waves of the pandemic are possible if the rate of social learning of infected individuals is sufficiently high. To reduce the burden of the disease on the society, it is necessary to incentivize such altruistic behavior by infected individuals as voluntary self-isolation.
Impact of Azithromycin and/or Hydroxychloroquine on Hospital Mortality in COVID-19	Albani,  F,  Fusina, et al	J Clin Med	Clinical data| Données cliniques Therapeutics| Thérapeutique	We evaluated the association between treatment with hydroxychloroquine and/or azithromycin and hospital mortality as the primary outcome. We compared the hospital mortality of patients treated with hydroxychloroquine alone, azithromycin alone, or their combination to the mortality of patients who received neither drug. One thousand four hundred and three patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection were admitted to the hospital. At the time of the analysis, the outcome was available for 1376 (98%) of them. Five hundred and eighty-seven patients (42%) received azithromycin and 377 patients (27%) received hydroxychloroquine, alone or in combination. In-hospital mortality was 26%. After the adjusted analysis, azithromycin alone was associated with lower mortality (OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.42-0.85) compared to no treatment. Hydroxychloroquine alone (OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.53-1.08) and the combination of azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine (OR 1.13, 95% CI 0.77-1.69) were not associated with hospital mortality. In this cohort of patients, azithromycin alone was associated with lower hospital mortality but hydroxychloroquine was not associated with increased or reduced mortality.
PMC7457442; Mental health in the era of COVID-19: prevalence of psychiatric disorders in a cohort of patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes during the social distancing	Alessi,  J,  de Oliveira, et al	Diabetol Metab Syndr	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	This study aimed to assess the prevalence of mental health disorders in patients with diabetes during the social distancing period due to COVID-19 pandemic. This is a cross-sectional study developed to assess the impact of social distancing on a cohort of adults with type 1 (n = 52) and type 2 diabetes (n = 68) in Brazil. Overall (n = 120), participants had a mean age of 54.8 ± 14.4 years-old, and HbA1c of 9.0 ± 1.6% (75 ± 17.5 mmol/mol); 93% of patients showed signs of current mental suffering based on the surveys measured. Almost 43% of patients showed evidence of significant psychological distress, with a significant greater tendency in patients with type 2 diabetes. The presence of diabetes related emotional distress was found in 29.2% of patients; eating disorders in 75.8%; and moderate/severe sleeping disorders in 77.5%.
Determinants of SARS-CoV-2 receptor gene expression in upper and lower airways	Aliee,  Hananeh,  Massip, et al	medRxiv	Clinical data| Données cliniques	Here we assess the expression patterns in genes required for COVID-19 entry into cells and replication, and their regulation by genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors, throughout the respiratory tract using samples collected from the upper (nasal) and lower airways (bronchi). Matched samples from the upper and lower airways show a clear increased expression of these genes in the nose compared to the bronchi and parenchyma. Cellular deconvolution indicates a clear association of these genes with the proportion of secretory epithelial cells. Smoking status was found to increase the majority of COVID-19 related genes including ACE2 and TMPRSS2 but only in the lower airways, which was associated with a significant increase in the predicted proportion of goblet cells in bronchial samples of current smokers. Both acute and second hand smoke were found to increase ACE2 expression in the bronchus. Inhaled corticosteroids decrease ACE2 expression in the lower airways. No significant effect of genetics on ACE2 expression was observed, but a strong association of DNA- methylation with ACE2 and TMPRSS2- mRNA expression was identified in the bronchus.
PMC7405861; Rapid onset of bronchiectasis in COVID-19 Pneumonia: two cases studied with CT	Ambrosetti,  MC,  Battocchio, et al	Radiol Case Rep	Clinical data| Données cliniques	Here we describe two cases of rapid evolution of bronchiectasis documented at CT in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Further studies are necessary to determine predisposing factors to the onset of bronchiectasis and to evaluate clinical correlation with respiratory distress. Radiologists should always consider bronchial features when they report CT scans of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.
Effect of Hydrocortisone on Mortality and Organ Support in Patients With Severe COVID-19: The REMAP-CAP COVID-19 Corticosteroid Domain Randomized Clinical Trial	Angus,  DC,  Derde, et al	Jama	Clinical data| Données cliniques Therapeutics| Thérapeutique RCT	This study aimed to determine whether hydrocortisone improves outcome for patients with severe COVID-19. Between March 9 and June 17, 2020, 614 adult patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 were enrolled and randomized within at least 1 domain following admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) for respiratory or cardiovascular organ support at 121 sites in 8 countries. Of these, 403 were randomized to open-label interventions within the corticosteroid domain. Among patients with severe COVID-19, treatment with a 7-day fixed-dose course of hydrocortisone or shock-dependent dosing of hydrocortisone, compared with no hydrocortisone, resulted in 93% and 80% probabilities of superiority with regard to the odds of improvement in organ support-free days within 21 days. However, the trial was stopped early and no treatment strategy met prespecified criteria for statistical superiority, precluding definitive conclusions.
COVID-19 complicated by hepatic dysfunction in a 28-week pregnant woman	Anness,  A,  Siddiqui, et al	BMJ Case Rep	Clinical data| Données cliniques	We present a case of COVID-19 pneumonia in a 28-week pregnant woman with a known low lying placenta. The patient had deranged liver function tests at presentation, along with elevated bile acids. We discuss the differential diagnosis of these findings, and the possible mechanisms of hepatic injury in COVID-19. The low lying placenta in this patient meant that we had to carefully consider the application of recommendations for thromboprophylaxis in pregnant COVID-19 patients.
COVID-19 and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Latin American children: a multinational study	Antunez-Montes,  Omar,  Escamilla, et al	medRxiv	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	This study aims to assess COVID-19 and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome (MIS C) in Latin American children, in order to appropriately plan and allocate resources to face the pandemic on a local and International level. 409 children were included, with a median age of 53.0 years (IQR 0.6 9.0). Of these, 95 191 (23.2%) were diagnosed with MIS C. 191 (46.7%) children were admitted to hospital and 52 (12.7%) required admission to a Pediatric Intensive Care Unite (PICU). 92 (22.5%) patients required oxygen support: 8 (2%) were started on continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and 29 (7%) on mechanical ventilation. 35 (8.5%) patients required inotropic support. The following factors were associated with PICU admission: pre-existing medical condition (P < 0.0001), immunodeficiency (P = 0.01), lower respiratory tract infection (P< 0.0001), gastrointestinal symptoms (P = 0.006), radiological changes suggestive of pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (P< 0.0001), low socioeconomic conditions (P 0.009).
Face-masking, an acceptable protective measure against COVID-19: Findings of Ugandan high-risk groups	Aruhomukama,  Dickson,  Mboowa, et al	medRxiv	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	We assessed: knowledge, attitudes, perceptions, and practices towards COVID-19 and face-mask use among 644 high risk-individuals in Kampala, Uganda. 99.7% and 87.3% of the participants respectively had heard and believed that face-masks were protective against COVID-19, while 67.9% reported having received information on face-mask use. Males, food market vendors, those with no formal education, and those aged 24-33, 44-53 and 54-63 years were 0.58, 0.47, 0.25, 1.9, 2.12, and 3.39 times less likely to have received information about face-mask use respectively. Majority, 67.8% owned locally-made, non-medical face-masks, while 77.0% of face-mask owners believed that they knew the right procedure of wearing them. Those who had received information on face-mask use were 2.85 and 1.83 times more likely to own face-masks and to perceive them as protective. Food market vendors were 3.92 times more likely to re-use their face-masks.
[Quality of cochlear implant rehabilitation under COVID-19 conditions. German version]	Aschendorff,  A,  Arndt, et al	HNO	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	The aim of the investigation was to evaluate the quality of the rehabilitation under corona conditions. An anonymous survey of adult cochlear implant patients was carried out by a non-standardized questionnaire. In total 109 patients completed the questionnaire. The quality of rehabilitation and individual therapy were rated as qualitatively similar or improved. The threat of the pandemic and fear of corona were rated unexpectedly high with 68% and 50%, respectively. The hygiene measures during the rehabilitation stay eased subjective fears at the same time. The majority of patients were annoyed by wearing face masks but visors, protection shields and social distancing were more tolerated.
Diagnostic performance of low-dose chest CT to detect COVID-19: A Turkish population study	Aslan,  S,  Bekçi, et al	Diagn Interv Radiol	Clinical data| Données cliniques Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes	We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of low-dose chest computed tomography (CT) in patients under investigation for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This retrospective study included 330 patients suspected of having COVID-19 from March 15 to April 16, 2020. We examined 306 patients upon initial presentation using both CT and rRT-PCR. A total of 250 patients were finally diagnosed with COVID-19. Clinical and laboratory findings included myalgia or fatigue (76%), fever (64.8%), dry cough (60.8%), elevated levels of C-reactive protein (86.4%), procalcitonin (62%), and D-dimer (58.2%), increased neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (54.8%), and lymphopenia (34%). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of the initial CT scan were 90.4% (95% IC, 86%-93%), 64.2% (95% IC, 50%-76%), 91.8% (95% IC, 88%-94%), and 60% (95% IC, 49%-69%), respectively. The percentage of patients diagnosed on the initial rRT-PCR test was 51.6% (n=129). Most frequent CT characteristics of COVID-19 in the subgroup of rRT-PCR-positive patients were multiple lesion (97.4%, n=220), followed by bilateral involvement (88.5%, n=200), peripheral distribution (74.3%, n=168), ground-glass opacity (GGO) (69.2%, n=157), subpleural curvilinear opacity (41.6%, n=104), and mixed GGOs (27.6%, n=67).
COVID-19 and ear endoscopy in otologic practices	Ayache,  S,  Kutz, et al	Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol	Infection Prevention and Control/ Prévention et contrôle des infections (IPAC/PCI) Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	The authors report their experience in endoscopic ear surgery as an alternative technique to reduce aerosol generating procedures (AGP) in otologic procedures.
Implications for SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Design: Fusion of Spike Glycoprotein Transmembrane Domain to Receptor-Binding Domain Induces Trimerization	Azad,  T,  Singaravelu, et al	Membranes (Basel)	Coronavirology| Coronavirologie	In the present study, we show that the fusion of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor-binding domain to its transmembrane domain is sufficient to mediate trimerization. Our findings may have implications for vaccine development and therapeutic drug design strategies targeting spike trimerization. As global efforts for developing SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are rapidly underway, we believe this observation is an important consideration for identifying crucial epitopes of SARS-CoV-2.
Decrease of respiratory diseases in one social children welfare institute in Shanxi Province during COVID-19	B,  L,  Qf, et al	J Public Health (Oxf)	Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique	To assess the impact of disinfection measures on the incidence of common diseases in children welfare institute during the epidemic of COVID-19, and provide a basis for the daily disinfection management of children welfare institute. This study surveyed and analyzed common diseases among children under the age of 14 in one social children welfare institute in Shanxi Province from January to May in 2018-2020 by the year-on-year method. The prevalence rate of respiratory diseases in 2020 was a significantly negative growth compared with 2018 and 2019. There was no obvious pattern of changes in digestive diseases group.
Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Infections in a Pediatric Orthopedic Hospital	Bardai,  Ghalib,  Ouellet, et al	medRxiv	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	The study was performed in Montreal, the city with the highest number of Covid-19 cases in Canada during the early phase of the pandemic. Testing for SARS-CoV-2 RNA in 199 individuals (39 children, 61 accompanying persons, 99 hospital employees) did not reveal active infection in any of the study participants. However, 22 (11%) of study participants had SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies, indicating prior infection. Ten of these participants did not report symptoms compatible with Covid-19 in the 6 months prior to the study. Thus, although no evidence for active infection was found within the institution, consideration should be given to regular staff testing to detect asymptomatic spreading of SARS-CoV-2. In addition, it could be useful to test accompanying persons in children presenting for surgical procedures.
SARS-COV2 Renal Impairment in Critical Care: A Retrospective Study of 42 Cases - Kid COVID Study	Barragan,  A-MM,  P	Research Square prepub	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	The current work aims to characterize the renal impairment associated to SARS-CoV-2 in ICU patients, to evaluate its risk factors and its relationship with morbidity and mortality. Forty-two patients consecutively admitted to the ICU of a university hospital (Paris, France) who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 between March 25, 2020 and April 29, 2020 were included and classified in categories according to their renal function. Thirty-two patients (94,1%) met diagnostic criteria for intrinsic renal injury with a mixed pattern of tubular and glomerular injuries within the first week of ICU admission, that lasted upon discharge. During their ICU stay, 24 patients (57.1%) presented AKI which was associated with increased mortality (p = 0.007), hemodynamic failure (p = 0.022), and more altered clearance at hospital discharge (p = 0.001). AKI occurrence was associated with lower pH (p = 0.024), higher PaCO2 (p = 0.027), PEEP (p = 0.027), procalcitonin (p = 0.015), and CRP (p = 0.045) on ICU admission.
The Uncertain COVID-19 Spread Pattern in India: A Statistical Analysis of the Current Situation	Baruah,  Hemanta Kumar	medRxiv	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie	In this article, we are going to discuss the uncertain situation currently prevailing in the COVID-19 spread in India. For statistical analysis, we have considered the total number of cases for 60 consecutive days, from June 23 to August 21. We have seen that instead of taking data of all 60 days together, a better picture of uncertainty can be observed if we consider the data separately in three equal parts from June 23 to July 12, from July 13 to August 1, and from August 2 to August 21. For that we would first need to ascertain that the current spread pattern in India is almost exponential. Thereafter we shall show that the data regarding the total number of cases in India are not really behaving in an expected way, making forecasting the time to peak very difficult. We have found that the pandemic would perhaps change its pattern of growth from nearly exponential to nearly logarithmic, which we have earlier observed in the case of Italy, in less than 78 days starting from August 2.
Estimation of a state of Corona 19 epidemic in August 2020 by multistage logistic model: a case of EU, USA, and World	batista,  milan	medRxiv	Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie	The article provides an estimate of the size and duration of the Covid-19 epidemic in August 2020 for the European Union (EU), the United States (US), and the World using a multistage logistical epidemiological model.
Cytotoxic lymphocytes are dysregulated in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children	Beckmann,  NoamD,  Comella, et al	medRxiv	Clinical data| Données cliniques Immunology | Immunologie	To identify genes, pathways and cell types driving MIS-C, we sequenced the blood transcriptomes of MIS-C cases, pediatric cases of coronavirus disease 2019, and healthy controls. We define a MIS-C transcriptional signature partially shared with the transcriptional response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and with the signature of Kawasaki disease, a clinically similar condition. By projecting the MIS-C signature onto a co-expression network, we identified disease gene modules and found genes downregulated in MIS-C clustered in a module enriched for the transcriptional signatures of exhausted CD8+ T-cells and CD56dimCD57+ NK cells. Bayesian network analyses revealed nine key regulators of this module, including TBX21, a central coordinator of exhausted CD8+ T-cell differentiation. Together, these findings suggest dysregulated cytotoxic lymphocyte response to SARS-Cov-2 infection in MIS-C.
Fertility patients under COVID-19: Attitudes, Perceptions, and Psychological Reactions	Ben-Kimhy,  R,  Youngster, et al	Hum Reprod	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	What are the perceptions of infertility patients and the factors correlating with their psychological distress, following suspension of fertility treatments during the COVID-19 pandemic? This cross-sectional questionnaire study included patients whose fertility treatment was suspended following the COVID-19 pandemic, in a tertiary hospital. The survey was delivered to 297 patients within 12 days at the beginning of April 2020. There were 168 patients who completed the survey, giving a response rate of 57%. Study variables in the regression model explained 38.9% of the variance in psychological distress experienced by patients during treatment suspension. None of the background characteristics (e.g. age, marital status, parity, economic level or duration of treatments) had a significant contribution. Feeling helpless following the suspension of treatments was associated with higher distress (P < 0.01). Higher self-mastery and greater perceived social support were associated with lower distress (p < 0.01). Despite the ministry of health's decision, 72% of patients wished to resume treatment at the time of survey.
Potential Community and Campus Covid-19 Outcomes Under University and College Reopening Scenarios	Benneyan,  JamesC,  Gehrke, et al	medRxiv	Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique	This study aimed to evaluate the potential range of campus and community Covid-19 exposures, infections, and mortality due to various university and college reopening plans and precautions. We developed and calibrated campus-only, community-only, and campus-x-community epidemic models using standard susceptible-exposed-infected-recovered differential equation and agent-based modeling methods. As a base case, predicted 16-week student infections and mortality under normal operations with no precautions (or no compliance) ranged from 472 to 9,484 (4.7% to 94.8%) and 2 to 61 (0.02% to 0.61%) per 10,000 student population, respectively. In terms of contact tracing and isolation resources, as many as 17 to 1,488 total exposures per 10,000 students could occur on a given day throughout the semester needing to be located, tested, and if warranted quarantined. Attributable total additional predicted community exposures, infections, and mortality ranged from 1 to 187, 13 to 820, and 1 to 21, respectively, assuming the university takes no additional precautions to limit exposure risk. The mean (SD) number of days until 1% and 5% of on-campus students are infected was 11 (3) and 76 (17) days, respectively; 34.8% of replications resulted in more than 10% students infected by semester end. The diffusion first inflection point occurred on average on day 84 (+/- 20 days, 95% interval). Common re-opening precaution strategies reduced the above consequences by 24% to 26% fewer infections (now 360 to 6,976 per 10,000 students) and 36% to 50% fewer deaths (now 1 to 39 per 10,000 students). Perfect testing and immediate quarantining of all students on arrival to campus at semester start further reduced infections by 58% to 95% (now 200 to 468 per 10,000 students) and deaths by 95% to 100% (now 0 to 3 per 10,000 students).
Perceiving Humans: from Monocular 3D Localization to Social Distancing	Bertoni,  L,  K	ArXiv	Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique	Perceiving humans in the context of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) often relies on multiple cameras or expensive LiDAR sensors. In this work, we present a new cost-effective vision-based method that perceives humans' locations in 3D and their body orientation from a single image. We address the challenges related to the ill-posed monocular 3D tasks by proposing a deep learning method that predicts confidence intervals in contrast to point estimates. Our neural network architecture estimates humans 3D body locations and their orientation with a measure of uncertainty. Our vision-based system (i) is privacy-safe, (ii) works with any fixed or moving cameras, and (iii) does not rely on ground plane estimation. We demonstrate the performance of our method with respect to three applications: locating humans in 3D, detecting social interactions, and verifying the compliance of recent safety measures due to the COVID-19 outbreak. Indeed, we show that we can rethink the concept of "social distancing" as a form of social interaction in contrast to a simple location-based rule. We publicly share the source code towards an open science mission.
Prognostic accuracy of emergency department triage tools for children with suspected COVID-19: The PRIEST observational cohort study	Biggs,  Katie,  Thomas, et al	medRxiv	Clinical data| Données cliniques Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes	Emergency department clinicians can use triage tools to predict adverse outcome and support management decisions for children presenting with suspected COVID-19. We aimed to estimate the accuracy of triage tools for predicting severe illness in children presenting to the emergency department (ED) with suspected COVID-19 infection. Methods: We undertook a mixed prospective and retrospective observational cohort study in 44 EDs across the United Kingdom (UK). We collected data from children attending with suspected COVID-19 between 26 March 2020 and 28 May 2020, and used presenting data to determine the results of assessment using the WHO algorithm, swine flu hospital pathway for children (SFHPC), Paediatric Observation Priority Score (POPS) and Childrens Observation and Severity Tool (COAST). We recorded 30-day outcome data (death or receipt of respiratory, cardiovascular or renal support) to determine prognostic accuracy for adverse outcome. Results: We collected data from 1530 children, including 26 (1.7%) with an adverse outcome. C-statistics were 0.80 (95% confidence interval 0.73-0.87) for the WHO algorithm, 0.80 (0.71-0.90) for POPS, 0.76 (0.67-0.85) for COAST, and 0.71 (0.59-0.82) for SFHPC. Using pre-specified thresholds, the WHO algorithm had the highest sensitivity (0.85) and lowest specificity (0.75), but POPS and COAST could optimise sensitivity (0.96 and 0.92 respectively) at the expense of specificity (0.25 and 0.38 respectively) by using a threshold of any score above zero instead of the pre-specified threshold. Conclusion: Existing triage tools have good but not excellent prediction for adverse outcome in children with suspected COVID-19. POPS and COAST could achieve an appropriate balance of sensitivity and specificity for supporting decisions to discharge home by considering any score above zero to be positive.
Infection Fatality Ratios for COVID-19 Among Noninstitutionalized Persons 12 and Older: Results of a Random-Sample Prevalence Study	Blackburn,  J,  Yiannoutsos, et al	Ann Intern Med	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie	To estimate IFRs among noninstitutionalized (that is, community-dwelling) populations by age, race, ethnicity, and sex by using the first U.S. statewide random-sample study of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) prevalence. The overall noninstitutionalized IFR was 0.26%. Persons younger than 40 years had an IFR of 0.01%; those aged 60 or older had an IFR of 1.71%. Ethnicity: Whites had an IFR of 0.18%; non-Whites had an IFR of 0.59%.
COVID-19 pulmonary pathology: a multi-institutional autopsy cohort from Italy and New York City	Borczuk,  AC,  Salvatore, et al	Mod Pathol	Clinical data| Données cliniques	Autospy: We systematically evaluated lungs of 68 autopsies from 3 institutions in heavily hit areas (2 USA, 1 Italy). Detailed evaluation of several compartments (airways, alveolar walls, airspaces, and vasculature) was performed to determine the range of histologic features.  Tracheobronchitis was frequently present, independent from intubation or superimposed pneumonia. Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) was seen in 87% of cases. Later phases of DAD were less frequent and correlated with longer duration of disease. Large vessel thrombi were seen in 42% of cases but platelet (CD61 positive) and/or fibrin microthrombi were present at least focally in 84%. Ultrastructurally, small vessels showed basal membrane reduplication and significant endothelial swelling with cytoplasmic vacuolization. In a subset of cases, virus was detected using different tools (immunohistochemistry for SARS-CoV-2 viral spike protein, RNA in situ hybridization, lung viral culture, and electron microscopy). Virus was seen in airway epithelium and type 2 pneumocytes. IHC or in situ detection, as well as viable form (lung culture positive) was associated with the presence of hyaline membranes, usually within 2 weeks but up to 4 weeks after initial diagnosis.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and risk of hospitalization for Covid-19	Bramante,  Carolyn,  Tignanelli, et al	medRxiv	Clinical data| Données cliniques	We sought to understand the risk of hospitalization for Covid-19 associated with NAFLD/NASH.  Retrospective analysis of electronic medical record data of 6,700 adults with a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR from March 1, 2020 to Aug 25, 2020. A history of NAFLD/NASH was associated with increased odds of admission for Covid-19: logistic regression OR 2.04 (1.55, 2.96, p<0.01), competing risks OR 1.43 (1.09-1.88, p<0.01); and each additional year of having NAFLD/NASH was associated with a significant increased risk of being hospitalized for Covid-19, OR 1.86 (1.43-2.42, p<0.01).
SARS-CoV-2 surveillance in decedents in a large, urban medical examiner's office	Brouwer,  AF,  Myers, et al	Clin Infect Dis	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Surveillance	We tested nasopharyngeal swabs from 1094 decedents in the Wayne County Medical Examiner's office for SARS-CoV-2.  Disease surveillance through medical examiners and coroners could supplement other forms of surveillance and may serve as a possible early outbreak warning sign.
PMC7194951; COVID-19: Abnormal liver function tests	Cai,  Q,  Huang, et al	J Hepatol	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	Of 417 patients with COVID-19, 76.3% had abnormal liver tests and 21.5% had liver injury during hospitalization. Patients with abnormal liver tests had significantly higher odds of developing severe pneumonia. The use of lopinavir/ritonavir increased the odds of liver injury by 4-fold
Comparative analysis of immune-associated genes in COVID-19, cardiomyopathy and venous thromboembolism	Castaneda,  GrantE,  Lee, et al	medRxiv	Clinical data| Données cliniques	Thus, in this project, we  characterize immune dysregulation in patients with cardiomyopathy, venous thromboembolism and COVID-19 patients by looking at immune-associated gene dysregulation, immune infiltration and dysregulated immunological pathways and gene signatures.
Psychological Effects of Remote-only Communication Among Reference Persons of ICU Patients During COVID-19 Pandemic	Cattelan,  J,  C	Research Square prepub	Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	All RPs of patients referred to ICU for COVID-19 were included.  Eighty-eight RPs were interviewed at patient admission and discharge, and 33 accepted the 3rd month-interview. Prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms was 65% and 32% respectively at patient admission and 27% and 24% at discharge/death, with a significant decrease between ICU admission and discharge/death (23 16;31] versus 16 9;21] points, p<0.01). At 3 months, lower HADS decrease was associated with patient death/continued hospitalization, and/or sleeping disorders in RPs (p<0.01). Despite visit prohibition, 99% RPs felt the patient was safe (9 7;10]/10 points, Likert-type scale). They also felt confident with caregivers, therapeutic decisions (10 9;10]/10 points) and satisfied with the manner/frequency information was provided (10 9;10]/10 points). All RPs stressed the specific-type of “responsibility” associated with being an RP in a remote-only context. The 3 salient themes turned out to be dichotomous variables: positive (9 RPs, 27%) vs. negative (24 RPs, 73%) subjective experience; wide (11 RPs, 33%) vs. narrow (22 RPs, 67%) information diffusion strategies: only a third chose to transmit the information to many relatives. Only 10 RPs (30%) related the situation to a prior traumatic experience.
Jewish and Arab pregnant women's psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic: the contribution of personal resources	Chasson,  M,  Taubman-Ben-Ari, et al	Ethn Health	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	psychological distress of Israeli pregnant women , A convenience sample of 403 Israeli women (233 Jewish and 170 Arab) was recruited through social media. Arab women reported significantly higher infection-related anxiety and psychological distress than Jewish women. In addition, Jewish women reported significantly higher self-mastery than Arab pregnant women. Finally, poorer health, being an Arab woman, and lower levels of self-mastery, resilience, and perceived social support, as well as a higher level of infection-related anxiety, contributed significantly to greater psychological distress.
Sample Pooling is a Viable Strategy for SARS-CoV-2 Detection in Low-Prevalence Settings	Chong,  BrianSW,  Tran, et al	medRxiv	Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes	Sensitivity decreased (mean absolute increase in cycle threshold value of 0.6, 2.3, and 3.0 for pools of two, four, and eight samples respectively) and efficiency increased as pool size increased. Gains from pooling diminished at high disease prevalence. Our standard operating procedure was successfully implemented across two laboratories. Increased workflow complexity imparts a higher risk of errors, and requires risk mitigation strategies. Turnaround time for individual samples increased, hence urgent samples should not be pooled.
Structural Variants in SARS-CoV-2 Occur at Template-Switching Hotspots	Chrisman,  Brianna,  Paskov, et al	bioRxiv	Coronavirology| Coronavirologie	We hypothesize that these indels are artifacts of imperfect homologous recombination between SARS-CoV-2 replicates, and provide four independent pieces of evidence. (1) The SVs from the GISAID consensus sequences are clustered at specific regions of the genome. (2) These regions are also enriched for 5' and 3' breakpoints in the transcription regulatory site (TRS) independent transcriptome, presumably sites of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) template-switching. (3) Within raw reads, these structural variant hotspots have cases of both high intra-host heterogeneity and intra-host homogeneity, suggesting that these structural variants are both consequences of de novo recombination events within a host and artifacts of previous recombination. (4) Within the RNA secondary structure, the indels occur in "arms" of the predicted folded RNA, suggesting that secondary structure may be a mechanism for TRS-independent template-switching in SARS-CoV-2 or other coronaviruses.
Business Shutdowns and COVID-19 Mortality	Ciminelli,  Gabriele,  Garcia-Mandico, et al	SSRN- Lancet prepublication	Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique	Business lockdowns Italy: We leverage upon highly granular death registry data for over 4,000 Italian municipalities in a diff-in-diff approach that allows us to credibly mitigate endogeneity concerns. Our results, which are robust to controlling for a host of co-factors, offer strong evidence that business shutdowns are very effective in reducing mortality. We calculate that the death toll from the first wave of COVID-19 in Italy would have been twice as high in their absence. Our findings also highlight that timeliness is key – by acting one week earlier, the government could have reduced the death toll by an additional 25%. Finally, our estimates suggest that shutdowns should be targeted: closing shops, bars and restaurants saves the most lives, while shutting down manufacturing and construction activities has only mild effects.
One Study of COVID-19 Spreading at The United States - Brazil - Colombia	Cirilo,  Eliandro Rodrigues,  Candezano, et al	medRxiv	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie	The present work concerns the COVID-19's spread over The United States, Brazil and Colombia. Although countries show differences in economic development, but similarities such as continental dimension or social interaction, the spread of COVID-19 in them has some similarities. At the moment, the countries are living the disease with temporal delay. Thus, we used a database on WHO Coronavirus, Mathematical Modeling and Numerical Simulations to describe the most recent COVID-19 development patterns in these countries, which we saw
COVID-19 Myocardial Pathology Evaluated Through scrEening Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (COMPETE CMR)	Clark,  Daniel Eugene,  Parikh, et al	medRxiv	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	Athlete recovery from COVID-19: This study sought to evaluate the prevalence and extent of cardiovascular involvement in collegiate athletes that had recently recovered from COVID-19.  Most athletes experienced mild illness (N=17, 77%), while the remainder (23%) were asymptomatic. No athletes had abnormal troponin I, electrocardiograms, or LVEF < 50% on echocardiography. Late gadolinium enhancement was found in 9% of collegiate athletes and one athlete (5%) met formal criteria for myocarditis. Conclusions Our study suggests that the prevalence of myocardial inflammation or fibrosis after an asymptomatic or mild course of ambulatory COVID-19 among competitive athletes is modest (9%), but would be missed by ECG, Ti, and strain echocardiography.
Rapid real-time tracking of non-pharmaceutical interventions and their association with SARS-CoV-2 positivity: The COVID-19 Pandemic Pulse Study	Clipman,  SJ,  Wesolowski, et al	Clin Infect Dis	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	We sampled 1,030 individuals in Maryland from June 17 - June 28, 2020 to capture socio-demographically and geographically resolved information about NPI adoption, access to SARS-CoV-2 testing, and examine associations with self-reported SARS-CoV-2 positivity. Overall, 92% reported traveling for essential services and 66% visited friends/family. Use of public transport was reported by 18%. In total, 68% reported strict social distancing indoors and 53% strict masking indoors; indoor social distancing was significantly associated with age, and race/ethnicity and income with masking. Overall, 55 participants (5.3%) self-reported ever testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 with strong dose-response relationships between several forms of movement frequency and SARS-CoV-2 positivity. In multivariable analysis, history of SARS-CoV-2 infection was negatively associated with strict social distancing (adjusted Odd Ratio for outdoor social distancing aOR]: 0.10; 95% Confidence Interval: 0.03 - 0.33); only public transport use (aOR for ≥7 times vs. never: 4.29) and visiting a place of worship (aOR for ≥3 times vs. never: 16.0) remained significantly associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection after adjusting for strict social distancing and demographics.
Modelling COVID-19 Contagion: Risk Assessment and Targeted Mitigation Policies	Cont,  Rama,  Kotlicki, et al	SSRN- Lancet prepublication	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique	We use a spatial epidemic model with demographic and geographic heterogeneity to study the regional dynamics of COVID-19 across 133 regions in England. Our model emphasises the role of variability of regional outcomes and heterogeneity across age groups and geographic locations, and provides a framework for assessing the impact of policies targeted towards sub-populations or regions. We define a concept of efficiency for comparative analysis of epidemic control policies and show targeted mitigation policies based on local monitoring to be more efficient than country-level or non-targeted measures. In particular, our results emphasise the importance of shielding vulnerable sub-populations and show that targeted policies based on local monitoring can considerably lower fatality forecasts and, in many cases, prevent the emergence of second waves which may occur under centralised policies.
Fully automated detection and differentiation of pandemic and endemic coronaviruses (NL63, 229E, HKU1, OC43 and SARS-CoV-2) on the Hologic Panther Fusion	Cordes,  AnneK,  Rehrauer, et al	medRxiv	Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes	Hologic Panther Fusion (PF) platform provides fully automated CE marked diagnostics for respiratory viruses, including recently SARS-coronavirus 2 by a transcription mediated amplification (TMA) assay,  developed multiplexed RT-PCR protocol (LDT) that detects and differentiates the four hCoV NL63, 229E, HKU1 and OC43 was adapted on the PF. The novel CE marked Aptima SARS-CoV-2 TMA and the LDT for hCoV were validated with 321 diagnostic specimens
A Multi-Epitope Vaccine Against Sars-Cov-2 Directed Towards the Latin American Population: An Immunoinformatics Approach	Cuspoca,  AF,  Dí	Research Square prepub	Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Vaccine Research| Recherche sur les vaccins	In this study, we propose a rational multi-epitope vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. Using bioinformatics, we constructed a library of potential vaccine peptides to predict immunological complexes among antigenic, non-toxic and non-allergenic peptides extracted from the conserved regions of 92 proteomes. We included the most common HLA-I and II molecules in the Latin American population. We also used three-dimensional structures of SARS-CoV-2 proteins to identify potential regions for antibody production.
The association between the incidence of COVID-19 and the distance from the virus epicenter in Iran	Dadar,  M,  Fakhri, et al	Arch Virol	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie	The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether the distance from the epicenter of the infection (Qom) or demographic factors such as population density and the ratio of the elderly population are associated with the incidence of COVID-19 in different Iranian provinces. For the purpose of determining whether the distance from the virus epicenter could be associated with the spread of infection, linear regression analysis was performed using STATA 12.0 software. The association of the incidence of COVID-19 with the population density and the ratio of the population over 65 years old in 31 Iranian provinces was also evaluated. According to our results, a strong association was found between the incidence of COVID-19 in Iranian provinces and their respective distance from Qom (p < 0.001; C = -0.68). The incidence of COVID-19 in Iranian provinces was also positively associated with the ratio of the population over 65 years old (p = 0.002; C = 0.53), while no significant association with population density was found (p = 0.39; C = 0.16). These results suggest that the implementation of travel restrictions from highly affected areas to other provinces could considerably reduce the rate of transmission of the disease throughout the country. Also, provinces with a higher proportion of elderly people (over 65) were identified as particularly at risk for the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infections.
Evidence for possible association of vitamin D status with cytokine storm and unregulated inflammation in COVID-19 patients	Daneshkhah,  A,  Agrawal, et al	Aging Clin Exp Res	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie	Ecological study: We present evidence for a possible role of Vitamin D (VitD) deficiency in unregulated cytokine production and inflammation leading to complications in COVID-19 patients.  We observed an odds ratio (OR) of 1.8 with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) (1.2 to 2.6) and an OR of 1.9 with 95% CI (1.4 to 2.7) for hs-CRP in VitD deficient elderly from low-income families and high-income families, respectively. COVID-19 patient-level data show an OR of 3.4 with 95% CI (2.15 to 5.4) for high CRP in severe COVID-19 patients.
Duration of COVID-19: Data from an Italian Cohort and Potential Role for Steroids	D'Ardes,  D,  Pontolillo, et al	Microorganisms	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	We considered a cohort of patients recovered from COVID-19 showing that the median disease duration between onset and end of COVID-19 symptoms was 27.5 days (interquartile range (IQR): 17.0-33.2) and that the median duration between onset of symptoms and microbiological healing, defined by two consecutive negative nasopharyngeal swabs, was 38 days (IQR: 31.7-50.2). A longer duration of COVID-19 with delayed clinical healing (symptom-free) occurred in patients presenting at admission a lower PaO(2)/FiO(2) ratio (p < 0.001), a more severe clinical presentation (p = 0.001) and a lower lymphocyte count (p = 0.035). Moreover, patients presenting at admission a lower PaO(2)/FiO(2) ratio and more severe disease showed longer viral shedding (p = 0.031 and p = 0.032, respectively). In addition, patients treated with corticosteroids had delayed clinical healing (p = 0.013).
Covid 19 and A Wavelet Analysis of the Total Deaths per Month in Brazil since 2015	de Lima,  AB	ArXiv	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie	We investigate the historical series of the total number of deaths per month in Brazil since 2015 using the wavelet transform, in order to assess whether the COVID-19 pandemic caused any change point in that series. Our wavelet analysis shows that the series has a change point in the variance. However, it occurred long before the pandemic began.
Forty Postmortem Examinations in COVID-19 Patients	De Michele,  S,  Sun, et al	Am J Clin Pathol	Clinical data| Données cliniques	Autopsy results:  Three major pulmonary patterns were identified: ALI in 29 (73%) of 40, intravascular fibrin or platelet-rich aggregates (IFPAs) in 36 (90%) of 40, and vascular congestion and hemangiomatosis-like change (VCHL) in 20 (50%) of 40. The absence of ALI (non-ALI) was novel and seen in 11 (27%) of 40. Compared with ALI decedents, those with non-ALI had a shorter hospitalization course (P = .02), chest radiographs with no or minimal consolidation (P = .01), and no pathologically confirmed cause of death (9/11). All non-ALI had VCHL and IFPAs, and clinically most had cardiac arrest.
The evolution of Covid-19 in Italy during the Summer 2020: analysis and interpretation of an unpredicted rest period	De Natale,  Giuseppe,  De Natale, et al	medRxiv	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie	Italy: The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic was particularly invasive in Italy during the period of March to the end of April 2020 then displayed a significant decrease both in the number of infections and in the seriousness of illness throughout the summer of 2020. In this discussion, we measure the seriousness of the disease by the ratio of Intensive Care Units (ICU) spaces occupied by COVID-19 patients and the number of still Active Cases (AC) each month from April to August 2020. We also use the ratio between the number of Deaths (D) and the number of Active Cases. What clearly emerges, from rigorous statistical analysis, is a progressive decrease of both the ratios, indicating progressive mitigation of the disease. This is particularly evident when comparing March-April with July-August; during the summer period the two ratios have become roughly 18 times lower. We test such sharp decreases against possible bias in counting active cases, and we confirm their statistical significance. We then interpret such evidence in terms of the well-known seasonality of the human immune system and the virus-inactivating effect of stronger UV rays in the summer.
A comprehensive analysis of recovered COVID-19 patients and dynamic trend in antibodies over 3 months using ELISA and CLIA methods	Dehgani-Mobaraki,  Puya,  Kamber Zaidi, et al	medRxiv	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques Immunology | Immunologie	The aim of our study included a comprehensive analysis of patient characteristics, evaluation of antibody response, and its trend over a period of three months in recovered patients. Methods: Monocentric investigator-initiated pilot longitudinal observational study conducted by the Association Naso Sano, on a cohort of 30 COVID recovered patients based in the Umbria region, followed up from April to June 2020 for baseline blood counts, IgM and IgG trends using two different serological assays-ELISA and CLIA. Findings: Majority of the patients were healthcare workers (40%) and the mean viral shedding duration was 20.13 +/- 6.17 days. The IgG levels offered long-standing protection as long as 3 months in some cases. A statistically significant, directly proportional correlation exists between ELISA and CLIA values for IgM. Some patients also expressed titers lower than the detection threshold and therefore a positive RT-PCR test does not necessarily guarantee a high IgG response in the recovery period.
SARS-CoV-2 causes severe alveolar inflammation and barrier dysfunction	Deinhardt-Emmer,  Stefanie,  Böttcher, et al	bioRxiv	Coronavirology| Coronavirologie	Infections with SARS-CoV-2 lead to mild to severe coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) with systemic symptoms. To elucidate the viral effects on the barrier integrity and immune reactions, we used mono-cell culture systems and a complex human alveolus-on-a-chip model. Our data show that SARS-CoV-2 efficiently infected epithelial cells with high viral loads and inflammatory response, including the interferon expression. By contrast, the adjacent endothelial layer was no infected and did neither show productive virus replication or interferon release. With prolonged infection, both cell types are damaged, and the barrier function is deteriorated, allowing the viral particles to overbear. In our study, we demonstrate that although SARS-CoV-2 is dependent on the epithelium for efficient replication, the neighboring endothelial cells are affected, e.g., by the epithelial cytokine release, which results in the damage of the alveolar barrier function and viral dissemination.
Ocular conjunctival inoculation of SARS-CoV-2 can cause mild COVID-19 in rhesus macaques	Deng,  W,  Bao, et al	Nat Commun	Transmission Animal model | Modèle animal	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is highly transmitted through the respiratory route, but potential extra-respiratory routes of SARS-CoV-2 transmission remain uncertain. Here we inoculated five rhesus macaques with 1 × 10(6) TCID(50) of SARS-CoV-2 conjunctivally (CJ), intratracheally (IT), and intragastrically (IG). Nasal and throat swabs collected from CJ and IT had detectable viral RNA at 1-7 days post-inoculation (dpi). Viral RNA was detected in anal swabs from only the IT group at 1-7 dpi. Viral RNA was undetectable in tested swabs and tissues after intragastric inoculation. The CJ infected animal had a higher viral load in the nasolacrimal system than the IT infected animal but also showed mild interstitial pneumonia, suggesting distinct virus distributions. This study shows that infection via the conjunctival route is possible in non-human primates; further studies are necessary to compare the relative risk and pathogenesis of infection through these different routes in more detail.
Effect of Hydrocortisone on 21-Day Mortality or Respiratory Support Among Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial	Dequin,  PF,  Heming, et al	Jama	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques Therapeutics| Thérapeutique RCT	OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of hydrocortisone on treatment failure on day 21 in critically ill patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and acute respiratory failure. METHODS:  Multicenter randomized double-blind sequential trial conducted in France, with interim analyses planned every 50 patients. Patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) for COVID-19-related acute respiratory failure were enrolled from March 7 to June 1, 2020, with last follow-up on June 29, 2020. The study intended to enroll 290 patients but was stopped early following the recommendation of the data and safety monitoring board. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary outcome, treatment failure on day 21, was defined as death or persistent dependency on mechanical ventilation or high-flow oxygen therapy. Prespecified secondary outcomes included the need for tracheal intubation; cumulative incidences (until day 21) of prone position sessions, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and inhaled nitric oxide; Pao2:Fio2 ratio measured daily from day 1 to day 7, then on days 14 and 21; and the proportion of patients with secondary infections during their ICU stay. RESULTS: One hundred forty-eight patients (99.3%) completed the study, and there were 69 treatment failure events, including 11 deaths in the hydrocortisone group and 20 deaths in the placebo group. The primary outcome, treatment failure on day 21, occurred in 32 of 76 patients (42.1%) in the hydrocortisone group compared with 37 of 73 (50.7%) in the placebo group (difference of proportions, -8.6% 95.48% CI, -24.9% to 7.7%]; P = .29). Of the 4 prespecified secondary outcomes, none showed a significant difference. No serious adverse events were related to the study treatment.
Social contacts and the spread of infectious diseases	Dimarco,  G,  P	ArXiv	Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique	Motivated by the COVID-19 pandemic, we introduce a mathematical description of the impact of sociality in the spread of infectious diseases by integrating an epidemiological dynamic with a kinetic modeling of population-based contacts. The kinetic description leads to study the evolution over time of Boltzmann type equations describing the number densities of social contacts of susceptible, infected and recovered individuals, whose proportions are driven by a classical compartmental model in epidemiology. Explicit calculations show that the spread of the disease is closely related to the mean number of contacts, thus justifying the lockdown strategies assumed by governments to prevent them. Furthermore, the kinetic model allows to clarify how a selective control can be assumed to achieve a minimal lockdown strategy by only reducing individuals undergoing a very large number of daily contacts.
Bedside wireless lung ultrasound for the evaluation of COVID-19 lung injury in senior nursing home residents	Dini,  FL,  Bergamini, et al	Monaldi Arch Chest Dis	Clinical data| Données cliniques Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	Lung Ultrasound (LUS) is regarded to be potentially useful to diagnose lung injury in older adults living in nursing homes with suspected COVID-19 pneumonia. We aimed at evaluating presence lung injury among senior nursing home residents by LUS performed with portable wireless scanner echography. The study population consisted of 150 residents with a mean age of 88 years (85% female) residing in 12 nursing homes in Northern Italy. Subjects had to have a history of recent onset of symptoms compatible with COVID-19 pneumonia or have been exposed to the contagion of patients carrying the disease. COVID-19 testing was performed with SARS-CoV-2 nasal-pharyngeal (NP) swabs. Positive subjects to LUS scanning were considered those with non-coascelent B-lines in >3 zones, coalescent B-lines in >3 zones and with iperdensed patchy non-consolidated lungs. Sixty-three percent had positive NP testing and 65% had LUS signs of pulmonary injury. LUS had a sensitivity of 79% in predicting positive NP testing. Sixteen percent of residents tested negative for SARSCoV-2 carried the signs of COVID-19 lung injury at LUS. There were 92 patients (61%) with current or recent symptoms.Positivity to LUS scanning was reported in 73% of residents with symptoms, while it was 53% in those without (P=0.016). A positive NP testing was observed in 66% of residents with symptoms and in 57% of those without (P=0.27). We conclude that assessment of LUS by portable wireless scanner echography can be profitability utilized to diagnose lung injury among senior nursing home residents with or without symptoms compatible with COVID-19 pneumonia.
Investigating the Effects of Meteorological Parameters on COVID-19: Case Study of New Jersey, United States	Doğan,  B,  Ben Jebli, et al	Environ Res	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie	This research aims to explore the correlation between meteorological parameters and COVID-19 pandemic in New Jersey, United States. M 2.5, air quality index, temperature (°C), humidity (%), health security index, human development index, and population density are considered as crucial meteorological and non-meteorological factors. This research work used the maximum available data of all variables from 1(st) March to 7(th) July 2020. Among the weather indicators, temperature (°C) was found to have a negative correlation, while humidity and air quality highlighted a positive correlation with daily new cases of COVID-19 in New Jersey. The empirical findings illustrated that there is a strong positive association of lagged humidity, air quality, PM 2.5, and previous infections with daily new cases. Similarly, the ARDL findings suggest that air quality, humidity and infections have lagged effects with the COVID-19 spread across New Jersey.
Decreased Stroke Presentation Rates at a Comprehensive Stroke Center During COVID-19	Dowlatshahi,  D,  Stotts, et al	Can J Neurol Sci	Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	We reviewed stroke care delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic at our stroke centre and provincial telestroke system. We counted referrals to our prevention clinic, code strokes, thrombolysis, endovascular thrombectomies, and activations of a provincial telestroke system from February to April of 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020. In April 2020, there was 28% reduction in prevention clinic referrals, 32% reduction in code strokes, and 26% reduction in telestroke activations compared to prior years. Thrombolysis and EVT rates remained constant. Fewer patients received stroke services across the spectrum from prevention, acute care to telestroke care in Ontario, Canada, during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Covid-19 and the impacts on mental health: a sample from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil	Duarte,  MQ,  Santo, et al	Cien Saude Colet	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	Information about the pandemic is constant in the media. Moreover, social distancing has been adopted in Brazil to prevent the spread of COVID-19, which may have economic and psychosocial consequences. This study aimed to verify the factors associated with indicators of mental disorders symptoms in residents of Rio Grande do Sul during the initial period of the social distancing policy. The study was approved by CONEP. There were 799 participants, aged between 18 and 75 years (M = 36.56; SD = 12.88); 82.7% were women, who answered a sociodemographic questionnaire of social distancing and the Self-Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20). The results indicated that having decreased income in the period, being part of the risk group and being more exposed to information about deaths and infected, are factors that can significantly harm mental health in this pandemic period. Investigating social determinants that contribute to greater vulnerability to the mental illness of the population is vital in the field of collective health for the planning of public actions and policies.
Optimizing direct RT-LAMP to detect transmissible SARS-CoV-2 from primary patient samples	Dudley,  DawnM,  Newman, et al	medRxiv	Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes	Here we describe a fluorescence-based RT-LAMP test using direct nasopharyngeal swab samples and show consistent detection in clinically confirmed samples, albeit with approximately 100-fold lower sensitivity than qRT-PCR. We demonstrate that adding lysis buffer directly into the RT-LAMP reaction improves the sensitivity of some samples by approximately 10-fold. Overall, the limit of detection (LOD) of RT-LAMP using direct nasopharyngeal swab or saliva samples without RNA extraction is 1x105-1x106 copies/ml. This LOD is sufficient to detect samples from which infectious virus can be cultured. Therefore, samples that test positive in this assay contain levels of virus that are most likely to perpetuate transmission.
Visual and software-based quantitative chest CT assessment of COVID-19: correlation with clinical findings	Durhan,  G,  Ardalı Düzgün, et al	Diagn Interv Radiol	Clinical data| Données cliniques Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes	PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate visual and software-based quantitative assessment of parenchymal changes and normal lung parenchyma in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. The secondary aim of the study was to compare the radiologic findings with clinical and laboratory data. METHODS: Patients with COVID-19 who underwent chest computed tomography (CT) between March 11, 2020 and April 15, 2020 were retrospectively evaluated. Clinical and laboratory findings of patients with abnormal findings on chest CT and PCR-evidence of COVID-19 infection were recorded. Visual quantitative assessment score (VQAS) was performed according to the extent of lung opacities. Software-based quantitative assessment of the normal lung parenchyma percentage (SQNLP) was automatically quantified by a deep learning software. The presence of consolidation and crazy paving pattern (CPP) was also recorded. Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate the correlation between quantitative radiologic assessments, and clinical and laboratory findings, as well as to determine the predictive utility of radiologic findings for estimating severe pneumonia and admission to intensive care unit (ICU). RESULTS: A total of 90 patients were enrolled. Both VQAS and SQNLP were significantly correlated with multiple clinical parameters. While VQAS >8.5 (sensitivity, 84.2%; specificity, 80.3%) and SQNLP 9.5 (sensitivity, 93.3%; specificity, 86.5%) and SQNLP <81.1% (sensitivity, 86.5%; specificity, 86.7%) were predictive of ICU admission. Both consolidation and CPP were more commonly seen in patients with severe pneumonia than patients with nonsevere pneumonia (P = 0.197 for consolidation; P < 0.001 for CPP). Moreover, the presence of CPP showed high specificity (97.2%) for severe pneumonia. CONCLUSION: Both SQNLP and VQAS were significantly related to the clinical findings, highlighting their clinical utility in predicting severe pneumonia, ICU admission, length of hospital stay, and management of the disease. On the other hand, presence of CPP has high specificity for severe COVID-19 pneumonia.
CODO: An Ontology for Collection and Analysis of Covid-19 Data	Dutta,  B,  D	ArXiv	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie	With the development of the CODO ontology, we aim at supporting the organization and representation of COVID-19 case data on a daily basis, so that the produced data can be queried and retrieved semantically, and can also be taken as an input to carry out advanced analytics (e.g., trend study, growth projection). CODO also aims to facilitate the representation of patient data, the relationships between patients, between patient and locations, changes over time, etc. The current CODO ontology has already found its use in a real world project called Ping and in uploading thousands of cases from data collected by the government of India.
SARS-CoV-2 Infection of Airway Cells	Ehre,  C	N Engl J Med	Coronavirology| Coronavirologie	In a laboratory setting, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was inoculated into human bronchial epithelial cells. These cells were then examined 96 hours after infection with the use of scanning electron microscopy. An en face image shows an infected ciliated cell with strands of mucus attached to the cilia tips. At higher magnification, an image shows the structure and density of SARS-CoV-2 virions produced by human airway epithelial cells. Virus production was approximately 3×106 plaque-forming units per culture, a finding that is consistent with a high number of virions produced and released per cell.
Entry screening and multi-layer mitigation of COVID-19 cases for a safe university reopening	Elbanna,  Ahmed,  Wong, et al	medRxiv	Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique	We have performed detailed modeling of the COVID-19 epidemic within the State of Illinois at the population level, and within the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign at a more detailed level of description that follows individual students as they go about their educational and social activities.  Assuming that there are approximately 45,000 students returning to campus in the week beginning August 15, 2020, our most conservative estimate predicts that a median of 270 ± 90 COVID-19 positive cases will be detected by entry screening.  The earliest estimate for entry screening that we report was made on July 24th and predicted 198 ± 90 positive cases.  This initial bump will be contained by entry screening initiated isolation and contact tracing, and once the semester is underway, by universal masking, a hybrid teaching model, twice-weekly testing, isolation, contact tracing, quarantining and the use of the Safer Illinois exposure notification app.
Trust and Transparency in times of Crisis: Results from an Online Survey During the First Wave (April 2020) of the COVID-19 Epidemic in the UK	Enria,  Luisa,  Waterlow, et al	medRxiv	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	We investigated public perceptions of the UK government COVID-19 response, focusing on the relationship between trust and transparency, during the first wave (April 2020) of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom. Methods: Anonymous survey data were collected (2020-04-06 to 2020-04-22) from 9,322 respondents, aged 20+ using an online questionnaire. Results: Most respondents (95.1%) supported government enforcement of behaviour change. While 52.1% of respondents thought the government was making good decisions, differences were apparent across demographic groups, for example respondents from Scotland had lower odds of responding positively than respondents in London. Higher educational levels saw decreasing odds of having a positive opinion of the government response and decreasing household income associated with decreasing positive opinion. Of respondents who thought the government was not making good decisions 60% believed the economy was being prioritised over people and their health.
Adjusting COVID-19 Reports for Countries Age Disparities: A Comparative Framework for Reporting Performances	Eryarsoy,  Enes,  Delen, et al	medRxiv	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie	In this paper, we examine cross-country differences, in terms of the age distribution of symptomatic cases, hospitalizations, intensive care unit (ICU) cases, and fatalities. In addition, we propose a new quality measure (called dissonance ratio) to facilitate comparison of countries performance in testing and reporting COVID-19 cases. Methods: By combining population pyramids with estimated COVID-19 age-dependent conditional probabilities, we bridge country-level incidence data gathered from different countries and attribute the variability in data to country demographics. Results: We show that age-adjustment can account for as much as a 22-fold difference in the expected number of fatalities across different countries. We provide case, hospitalization, ICU, and fatality breakdown estimates for a comprehensive list of countries. Also, a comparison is conducted between countries in terms of their performance in reporting COVID-19 cases and fatalities.
Prevalence of Depression Symptoms in US Adults Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic	Ettman,  CK,  Abdalla, et al	JAMA Netw Open	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	Objective  To estimate the prevalence of and risk factors associated with depression symptoms among US adults during vs before the COVID-19 pandemic.  Design, Setting, and Participants  This nationally representative survey study used 2 population-based surveys of US adults aged 18 or older. During COVID-19, estimates were derived from the COVID-19 and Life Stressors Impact on Mental Health and Well-being study, conducted from March 31, 2020, to April 13, 2020. Before COVID-19 estimates were derived from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, conducted from 2017 to 2018. Data were analyzed from April 15 to 20, 2020.  Main Outcomes and Measures  Depression symptoms, defined using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 cutoff of 10 or higher.  Findings  In this survey study that included 1441 respondents from during the COVID-19 pandemic and 5065 respondents from before the pandemic, depression symptom prevalence was more than 3-fold higher during the COVID-19 pandemic than before. Lower income, having less than $5000 in savings, and having exposure to more stressors were associated with greater risk of depression symptoms during COVID-19.
Take-Home Dosing Experiences among Persons Receiving Methadone Maintenance Treatment During COVID-19	Figgatt,  MaryC,  Salazar, et al	medRxiv	Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	Purpose: Methadone maintenance treatment is a life-saving treatment for people with opioid use disorders (OUD). In March 2020, the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) issued guidance allowing the expansion of take-home methadone doses. We sought to describe changes to treatment experiences from the perspective of persons receiving methadone at outpatient treatment facilities for OUD. Methods: We conducted an in-person survey among 104 persons receiving methadone from three clinics in central North Carolina. Surveys collected information on demographic characteristics, methadone treatment history, and experiences with take-home methadone doses in the context of COVID-19.  Results: Before COVID-19, the clinic-level percent of participants receiving any amount of days supply of take-home doses at each clinic varied ranged from 56% to 82%, while it ranged from 78% to 100% since COVID-19.
Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in COVID-19 patients and healthy volunteers	Figueiredo-Campos,  Patricia,  Blankenhaus, et al	medRxiv	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Immunology | Immunologie	We quantified immunoglobulin M (IgM), IgG and IgA antibodies recognizing the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) or the Spike (S) protein over a period of five months following COVID-19 disease onset or in previously SARS-CoV-2 PCR-positive volunteers. We report the detailed setup to monitor the humoral immune response from over 300 COVID-19 hospital patients and healthcare workers, 2500 University staff and 187 post-COVID19 volunteers, and assessing titres for IgM, IgG and IgA. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses followed a classic pattern with a rapid increase within the first three weeks after symptoms. Although titres reduce from approximately four weeks, the ability to detect SARS-CoV-2 antibodies remained robust for five months in a large proportion of previously virus-positive screened subjects.
Outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection linked to MAIT cell activation and cytotoxicity: evidence for an IL-18 dependent mechanism	Flament,  Héloïse,  Rouland, et al	medRxiv	Clinical data| Données cliniques Immunology | Immunologie	Here, we studied the immune cell landscape, with emphasis on MAIT cells, in a cohort of 182 patients including patients at various stages of disease activity. A profound decrease of MAIT cell counts in blood of critically ill patients was observed. These cells showed a strongly activated and cytotoxic phenotype that positively correlated with circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines, notably IL-18. MAIT cell alterations markedly correlated with disease severity and patient mortality. SARS-CoV-2-infected macrophages activated MAIT cells in a cytokine-dependent manner involving an IFNα-dependent early phase and an IL-18-induced later phase. Therefore, altered MAIT cell phenotypes represent valuable biomarkers of disease severity and their therapeutic manipulation might prevent the inflammatory phase involved in COVID-19
Case of COVID-19 in a 5-week-old baby	Fleming,  R,  Grattan, et al	BMJ Case Rep	Clinical data| Données cliniques	Case report of a 5 week old infant with COVID-19
Social multipliers and the Covid-19 epidemic: Analysis through constrained maximum entropy modeling	Foley,  DuncanK	medRxiv	Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie	This paper uses the info-metric method of constrained maximum entropy modeling to estimate the impact of social multiplier effects in the Covid-19 epidemic with a model that infers the length of infection, the rate of mortality, the base infection factor, and reductions in the infection factor due to changes in social behavior from data on daily infections and deaths. While patterns are not universal over the sample of country data, they strongly support the conclusion that changes in social behavior are the primary factor influencing the dynamics of epidemics.
Case Report: Adrenal Pathology Findings in Severe COVID-19: An Autopsy Study	Freire Santana,  M,  Borba, et al	Am J Trop Med Hyg	Clinical data| Données cliniques	We report the findings in the adrenal glands in 28 autopsies with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Microscopic lesions were identified in the adrenal glands in 12/28 patients (46%). Seven cases showed necrosis, generally ischemic; four showed cortical lipid degeneration; two showed hemorrhage; and one unspecific focal adrenalitis. Vascular thrombosis in one patient and focal inflammation in association with other findings in three patients were observed. No case presented adrenal insufficiency. In conclusion, adrenal lesions are frequent in patients with severe COVID-19. The lesions are mild but could contribute to the lethal outcome.
Dark matter, second waves and epidemiological modelling	Friston,  Karl,  Costello, et al	medRxiv	Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie	Methods We used dynamic causal modelling to estimate the parameters of epidemiological models and, crucially, the evidence for alternative models of the same data. We compared SEIR models of immune status that were equipped with latent factors generating data; namely, location, symptom, and testing status. We analysed daily cases and deaths from the US, UK, Brazil, Italy, France, Spain, Mexico, Belgium, Germany, and Canada over the period 25-Jan-20 to 15-Jun-20.  The best model of UK data predicts a second surge of fatalities will be much less than the first peak (31 vs. 998 deaths per day)--substantially less than conventional model predictions. The size of the second wave depends sensitively upon the loss of immunity and the efficacy of find-test-trace-isolate-support (FTTIS) programmes.
SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in oncology healthcare professionals and patients with cancer at a tertiary care centre during the COVID-19 pandemic	Fuereder,  T,  Berghoff, et al	ESMO Open	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques Immunology | Immunologie	BACKGROUND: During the COVID-19 outbreak, healthcare professionals (HCP) are at the frontline of clinical management and at increased risk for infection. The SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence of oncological HCP and their patients has significant implications for oncological care. METHODS: HCP and patients with cancer at the Division of Oncology, Medical University of Vienna were included between 21 March and 4 June and tested for total antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 employing the Roche Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoassay. Reactive samples were confirmed or disproved by the Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG test. Additionally, a structured questionnaire regarding basic demographic parameters, travel history and COVID-19-associated symptoms had to be completed by HCP. RESULTS: 146 subjects (62 HCP and 84 patients with cancer) were enrolled. In the oncological HCP cohort, 20 (32.3%) subjects were medical oncologists, 28 (45.2%) nurses at our ward and 14 (22.6%) fulfil other functions such as study coordinators. In the patient cohort, most individuals are on active anticancer treatment (96.4%). 26% of the HCP and 6% of the patients had symptoms potentially associated with COVID-19 since the end of February 2020. However, only in 2 (3.2%) HCP and in 3 (3.6%) patients, anti-SARS-Cov-2 total antibodies were detected. The second assay for anti-SARS-Cov-2 IgG antibodies confirmed the positive result in all HCP and in 2 (2.4%) patients, suggesting an initial assay's unspecific reaction in one case. In individuals with a confirmed test result, an active COVID-19 infection was documented by a positive SARS-CoV-2 RNA PCR test. CONCLUSION: Specific anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were found solely in persons after a documented SARS-CoV-2 viral infection, thus supporting the test methods' high sensitivity and specificity. The low prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in our cohorts indicates a lack of immunity against SARS-CoV-2. It highlights the need for continued strict safety measures to prevent uncontrolled viral spread among oncological HCPs and patients with cancer.
Bronchoscopy on Intubated COVID-19 Patients is Associated with Low Infectious Risk to Operators at a High-Volume Center Using an Aerosol-minimizing Protocol	Gao,  CatherineA,  Bailey, et al	medRxiv	Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	We therefore sought to describe the subsequent infectious risks to providers associated with BAL. Methods: Fifty-two pulmonary and critical care providers (faculty and fellows) at our tertiary-care, urban medical center were surveyed. Survey participants were asked to provide the number of BALs on COVID-19 patients they performed, the number of weeks they cared for intensive care unit (ICU) patients with COVID-19, and the results of any SARS-CoV-2 testing that they received. Participants were asked to assess the difficulty of BAL on intubated COVID-19 patients as compared to routine ICU BAL using a numeric perceived difficulty score ranging from 1 (easier) to 10 (harder). Results:The number of BALs performed by providers ranged from 0 to >60. Sixteen of the 35 providers (46%) who performed BALs underwent at least one nasopharyngeal (NP) swab to test for SARS-CoV-2, but none were positive. Twenty-seven of the 35 providers (77%) who performed BALs underwent SARS-CoV-2 serology testing, and only one (3.7%) was positive. Respondents indicated occasionally not being able to follow aerosol-minimizing steps but overall felt BALs in COVID-19 patients was only slightly more difficult than routine ICU BAL.
[Descriptive study of the health service workers of a Primary Care Department confined by Covid-19.]	García-Sierra,  RM,  Badia Perich, et al	Rev Esp Salud Publica	Clinical data| Données cliniques Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	OBJECTIVE: The Covid-19 pandemic is testing the resistance of health systems, the preservation of health professionals is a priority in processes of this type. The professionals' exposure to suspicious contacts often requires their confinement. The objective was to know the epidemiological characteristics of the primary care professionals who required confinement. METHODS: The research was carried out in the North Metropolitan Primary Care Area of Barcelona, from February 17 to May 3, 2020. 1,418 professionals who required confinement due to the epidemic by Covid-19 participated. The reasons for confinement, symptomatology, the confinement time and the results of PCR tests results were recorded. Univariate descriptive analysis was performed. RESULTS: 78.8% of the professionals were women and the mean age was 45.2 years. 67.8% were doctors and nurses, in the remaining 32.2% there were different healthcare and non-care professionals. 64.1% of the sample presented symptoms compatible with Covid-19. Participants described multiple symptoms during confinement. 1,050 diagnostic RT- PCR tests were performed, being positive in 323 cases, of which 33 were in asymptomatic people. CONCLUSIONS: The impact of the epidemic by Covid-19 is anticipated in health personnel compared to the general population. The distribution of symptoms in healthcare professionals is similar to that of other studies in the general population. Of the total number of professionals requiring isolation, 22.7% confirmed the diagnosis.
Impact of hematologic malignancy and type of cancer therapy on COVID-19 severity and mortality: lessons from a large population-based registry study	García-Suárez,  J,  de la Cruz, et al	Research Square prepub	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	Background Patients with cancer have been shown to have a higher risk of clinical severity and mortality compared to non-cancer patients with COVID-19. Patients with hematologic malignancies typically are known to have higher levels of immunosuppression and may develop more severe respiratory viral infections than patients with solid tumours. Data on COVID-19 in patients with hematologic malignancies are limited. Here we characterise disease severity and mortality, and evaluate potential prognostic factors for mortality. Methods In this population-based registry study, we collected de-identified data on clinical characteristics, treatment and outcomes in adult patients with hematologic malignancies and confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection within the Madrid region of Spain. Our case series included all patients admitted to 22 regional health service hospitals and 5 private healthcare centres between February 28 and May 25, 2020. The primary study outcome was all-cause mortality. We assessed the association between mortality and potential prognostic factors using Cox regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, comorbidities, hematologic malignancy and recent active cancer therapy. Results Of 833 patients reported, 697 were included in the analyses. Median age was 72 years (IQR 60–79), 413 (60%) patients were male, and 479 (69%) and 218 (31%) had lymphoid and myeloid malignancies, respectively. Clinical severity of COVID-19 was severe/critical in 429 (62%) patients. At data cutoff, 230 (33%) patients had died. Age ≥60 years (hazard ratios 3·17–10·1 vs 2 comorbidities (1·41 vs ≤2), acute myeloid leukemia (2·22 vs non-Hodgkin lymphoma) and active antineoplastic treatment with monoclonal antibodies (2·02) or conventional chemotherapy (1·50 vs no active therapy) were associated with increased mortality. Conversely, Ph-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (0·33) and active treatment with hypomethylating agents (0·47) were associated with lower mortality. Overall, 574 (82%) patients received antiviral therapy. Mortality with severe/critical COVID-19 was higher with no therapy vs any antiviral combination therapy (2.20). Conclusions In this series of patients with hematologic malignancies and COVID-19, mortality was associated with higher age, more comorbidities, type of hematological malignancy and type of antineoplastic therapy. Further studies and long-term follow-up are required to validate these criteria for risk-stratification.
Simulation-Based What-If Analysis for Controlling the Spread of COVID-19 in Universities	Ghaffarzadegan,  Navid:	SSRN- Lancet prepublication	Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique	A simulation model is developed to analyze the spread of COVID-19 in universities. The model can be used to conduct what-if analysis and to estimate infection cases and the probability of death for students and faculty/staff under different policies. For proof-of-concept, the model is simulated for a hypothetical university of 25,000 students and 3,000 faculty/staff in a US college town. In this case, students arrive on campus in September and the semester is planned to last for a 90-day period. In base run, absent major policies other than reactive testing at 500 tests per day (sensitivity=.8, specificity=.998), limited quarantine of 170 beds, and R0=3, the disease quickly spreads and the probability of having at least 1, 2, and 5 deaths by the middle of the semester reaches .94, .78, and .16 for students, and ~1, ~1, and ~1 for faculty/staff. Simulation results show that there is no silver bullet to avoid an outbreak and, instead, a combination of policies should be carefully implemented. The effectiveness of proactive testing highly depends on testing capacity (to maintain high test frequency) and, inversely, on the delay between symptom onset and test results. Contact tracing and quarantine only when combined with other policies such as rapid, frequent testing and mask use enforcement are effective. To decrease death likelihood, universities should ask all staff/faculty of over 60 years old, and a large fraction of 30-60 years old to work remotely. Simulation results suggest these alternatives: 1) (almost) full remote operation from the beginning, 2) remote operation for high-risk individuals (all over 60s and most of 30-60s) in addition to frequent rapid tests, contact tracing with high capacity for quarantine, enforcing mask use, and social distancing. Results show that the system is highly vulnerable, and considering implementation challenges, many universities are likely to close and switch to remote classes to avoid catastrophic outcomes. A simulation platform for what-if analysis is offered so marginal effectiveness of different policies, and different decision making thresholds for closure can be tested for universities of varying populations. The model in Vensim is available. A web app is provided at https://forio.com/app/navidg/covid-19-v2/ and an instructional video is available at https://youtu.be/PrYarrpqa4Y for further analysis.
Occurrence of Pneumothorax and Pneumomediastinum in Covid-19 patients during non-invasive ventilation with Continuous Positive Airway Pressure	Gidaro,  Antonio,  Samartin, et al	medRxiv	Clinical data| Données cliniques	Background: Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure (AHRF) is a common complication of Covid-19 related pneumonia, for which non-invasive ventilation (NIV) with Helmet Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) is widely used. During past epidemics of SARS and MERS pneumomediastinum (PNM) and pneumothorax (PNX) were common complications (respectively 1.7-12% and 16,4%) either spontaneous or associated to ventilation. Methods: Aim of our retrospective study was to investigate the incidence of PNX/PNM in COVID-19 pneumonia patients treated with CPAP. Moreover, we examined the correlation between PNX/PNM and Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) values. We collected data from patients admitted to Luigi Sacco University Hospital of Milan from 21/02/2020 to 06/05/2020 with COVID-19 pneumonia requiring CPAP. Results: One-hundred-fifty-four patients were enrolled. During hospitalization 3 PNX and 2 PNM occurred (3.2%). Out of these five patients 2 needed invasive ventilation after PNX, two died. In the overall population, 42 patients (27%) were treated with High-PEEP (>10 cmH2O), and 112 with Low-PEEP (≤10 cmH2O). All the PNX/PNM occurred in the High-PEEP group (5/37 vs 0/112, p<0,001). Conclusion: The incidence of PNX appears to be lower in COVID-19 than SARS and MERS, but their occurrence is accompanied by high mortality and worsening of clinical conditions. Considering the association of PNX/PNM with high PEEP we suggest using the lower PEEP as possible to prevent these complications
Population-Based Study of the Changes in the Food Choice Determinants of Secondary School Students: Polish Adolescents' COVID-19 Experience (PLACE-19) Study	Głąbska,  D,  Skolmowska, et al	Nutrients	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	During the outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the lockdown, various changes of dietary habits are observed, including both positive and negative ones. However, the food choice determinants in this period were not studied so far for children and adolescents. The study aimed to analyze the changes in the food choice determinants of secondary school students in a national sample of Polish adolescents within the Polish Adolescents' COVID-19 Experience (PLACE-19) Study population. The study was conducted in May 2020, based on the random quota sampling of schools (for voivodeships and counties) and a number of 2448 students from all the regions of Poland participated. The Food Choice Questionnaire (FCQ) (36 items) was applied twice-to analyze separately current choices (during the period of COVID-19 pandemic) and general choices (when there was no COVID-19 pandemic). For both the period before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, sensory appeal and price were indicated as the most important factors (with the highest scores). However, differences were observed between the scores of specific factors, while health (p < 0.0001) and weight control (p < 0.0001) were declared as more important during the period of COVID-19 pandemic, compared with the period before, but mood (p < 0.0001) and sensory appeal (p < 0.0001) as less important. The observations were confirmed for sub-groups, while female and male respondents were analyzed separately. It can be concluded that the COVID-19 pandemic may have changed the food choice determinants of Polish adolescents, as it may have increased the importance of health and weight control, but reduced the role of mood and sensory appeal. This may be interpreted as positive changes promoting the uptake of a better diet than in the period before the pandemic.
Mapping genome variation of SARS-CoV-2 worldwide highlights the impact of COVID-19 super-spreaders	Gomez-Carballa,  A,  Bello, et al	Genome Res	Coronavirology| Coronavirologie	The human pathogen severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the major pandemic of the 21st century. We analyzed >4,700 SARS-CoV-2 genomes and associated meta-data retrieved from public repositories. SARS-CoV-2 sequences have a high sequence identity (>99.9%), which drops to >96% when compared to bat coronavirus genome. We built a mutation-annotated reference SARS-CoV-2 phylogeny with two main macro-haplogroups, A and B, both of Asian origin, and >160 sub-branches representing virus strains of variable geographical origins worldwide, revealing a rather uniform mutation occurrence along branches that could have implications for diagnostics and the design of future vaccines. Identification of the root of SARS-CoV-2 genomes is not without problems, owing to conflicting interpretations derived from either using the bat coronavirus genomes as an outgroup or relying on the sampling chronology of the SARS-CoV-2 genomes and TMRCA estimates; however, the overall scenario favors haplogroup A as the ancestral node. Phylogenetic analysis indicates a TMRCA for SARS-CoV-2 genomes dating to 12 November 2019 - thus matching epidemiological records. Sub-haplogroup A2 most likely originated in Europe from an Asian ancestor and gave rise to sub-clade A2a, which represents the major non-Asian outbreak, especially in Africa and Europe. Multiple founder effect episodes, most likely associated with super-spreader hosts, might explain COVID-19 pandemic to a large extent.
Selecting COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma for Neutralizing Antibody Potency Using a High-capacity SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Assay	Goodhue Meyer,  Erin,  Simmons, et al	medRxiv	Therapeutics| Thérapeutique	BACKGROUND: Efficacy of COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) to treat COVID-19 is hypothesized to be associated with the concentration of neutralizing antibodies (nAb) to SARS-CoV-2. High capacity serologic assays detecting binding antibodies (bAb) have been developed, nAb assays are not adaptable to high-throughput testing. We sought to determine the effectiveness of using surrogate bAb signal-to-cutoff ratios (S/CO) in predicting nAb titers using a pseudovirus reporter viral particle neutralization (RVPN) assay. METHODS: CCP donor serum collected by 3 US blood collectors was tested with a bAb assay (Ortho Clinical Diagnostics VITROS Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Total, CoV2T) and a nAb RVPN assay. CoV2T prediction effectiveness at S/CO thresholds was evaluated for RVPN nAb NT50 titers using receiver operating characteristic analysis. RESULTS: 753 CCPs were tested with median CoV2T S/CO of 71.2 and median NT50 of 527.5. Proportions of CCP donors with NT50 over various target nAb titers were 86% ≥1:80, 76% ≥1:160, and 62%≥1:320. Increasing CoV2Ts reduced the sensitivity to predict NT50 titers, while specificity to identify those below thresholds increased. As the targeted NT50 increased, the positive predictive value fell with reciprocal increase in negative predictive value. S/CO thresholds were thus less able to predict target NT50 titers. CONCLUSION: Selection of a clinically effective nAb titer will impact availability of CCP. Product release with CoV2T assay S/CO thresholds must balance the risk of releasing products below target nAb titers with the cost of false negatives. A two-step testing scheme may be optimal, with nAb testing on CoV2T samples with S/COs below thresholds
A prospective clinical pilot study on the effects of a hydrogen peroxide mouthrinse on the intraoral viral load of SARS-CoV-2	Gottsauner,  MJ,  Michaelides, et al	Clin Oral Investig	Clinical data| Données cliniques Infection Prevention and Control/ Prévention et contrôle des infections (IPAC/PCI)	OBJECTIVES: SARS-CoV-2 is mainly transmitted by inhalation of droplets and aerosols. This puts healthcare professionals from specialties with close patient contact at high risk of nosocomial infections with SARS-CoV-2. In this context, preprocedural mouthrinses with hydrogen peroxide have been recommended before conducting intraoral procedures. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a 1% hydrogen peroxide mouthrinse on reducing the intraoral SARS-CoV-2 load. METHODS: Twelve out of 98 initially screened hospitalized SARS-CoV-2-positive patients were included in this study. Intraoral viral load was determined by RT-PCR at baseline, whereupon patients had to gargle mouth and throat with 20 mL of 1% hydrogen peroxide for 30 s. After 30 min, a second examination of intraoral viral load was performed by RT-PCR. Furthermore, virus culture was performed for specimens exhibiting viral load of at least 10(3) RNA copies/mL at baseline. RESULTS: Ten out of the 12 initially included SARS-CoV-2-positive patients completed the study. The hydrogen peroxide mouthrinse led to no significant reduction of intraoral viral load. Replicating virus could only be determined from one baseline specimen. CONCLUSION: A 1% hydrogen peroxide mouthrinse does not reduce the intraoral viral load in SARS-CoV-2-positive subjects. However, virus culture did not yield any indication on the effects of the mouthrinse on the infectivity of the detected RNA copies. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The recommendation of a preprocedural mouthrinse with hydrogen peroxide before intraoral procedures is questionable and thus should not be supported any longer, but strict infection prevention regimens are of paramount importance. TRIAL REGISTRATION: German Clinical Trials Register (ref. DRKS00022484).
Health and economic effects of COVID-19 control in Australia: Modelling and quantifying the payoffs of hard versus soft lockdown	Grafton,  Quentin,  Kompas, et al	medRxiv	Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique Economics | Économie	Objective(s): Australia requires high quality evidence to optimise likely health and economy outcomes to effectively manage the current resurgence of COVID-19. We hypothesise that the most stringent social distancing (SD) measures (100% of level in Australia in April 2020) deliver better public health and economy outcomes. Design: Fit-for-purpose (individual-based and compartment) models were used to simulate the effects of different SD and detection strategies on Australian COVID-19 infections and the economy from March to July 2020. Public reported COVID-19 data were used to estimate model parameters. Main outcome measures: Public health and economy outcomes for multiple social distancing levels were evaluated, assessing hard versus soft lockdowns, and for early versus later relaxation of social distancing. Outcomes included costs and the timing and magnitude of observed COVID-19 cases and cumulative deaths in Australia from March to June 2020. Results: Higher levels of social distancing achieve zero community transmission with 100% probability and lower economy cost while low levels of social distancing result in uncontrolled outbreaks and higher economy costs. High social distancing total economy costs were $17.4B versus $41.2B for 0.7 social distancing. Early relaxation of suppression results in worse public health outcomes and higher economy costs. Conclusion(s): Better public health outcomes (reduced COVID-19 fatalities) are positively associated with lower economy costs and higher levels of social distancing; achieving zero community transmission lowers both public health and economy costs compared to allowing community transmission to continue; and early relaxation of social distancing increases both public health and economy costs.
PMC7417764; COVID-19 pneumonia: microvascular disease revealed on pulmonary dual-energy computed tomography angiography	Grillet,  F,  Busse-Coté, et al	Quant Imaging Med Surg	Clinical data| Données cliniques	BACKGROUND: Increased prevalence of acute pulmonary embolism in COVID-19 has been reported in few recent studies. Some works have highlighted pathological changes on lung microvasculature with local pulmonary intravascular coagulopathy that may explain pulmonary artery thrombosis found on pulmonary computed tomography (CT) angiography. The objective of our study was to describe lung perfusion disorders assessed by pulmonary dual-energy CT (DECT) angiography in severe COVID-19 patients. METHODS: This single center retrospective study included 85 consecutive patients with a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 who underwent a pulmonary DECT angiography between March 16(th) 2020 and April 22(th) 2020. Pulmonary DECT angiography was performed when the patient had severe clinical symptoms or suffered from active neoplasia or immunosuppression. Two chest radiologists performed pulmonary angiography analysis in search of pulmonary artery thrombosis and a blinded semi quantitative analysis of iodine color maps focusing on the presence of parenchymal ischemia. The lung parenchyma was divided into volumes based on HU values. DECT analysis included lung segmentation, total lungs volume and distribution of lung perfusion assessment. RESULTS: Twenty-nine patients (34%) were diagnosed with pulmonary artery thrombosis, mainly segmental (83%). Semi-quantitative analysis revealed parenchymal ischemia in 68% patients of the overall population, with no significant difference regarding absence or presence of pulmonary artery thrombosis (23 vs. 35, P=0.144). Inter-reader agreement of parenchymal ischemia between reader 1 and 2 was substantial 0.74; interquartile range (IQR): 0.59-0.89]. Volume of ischemia was significantly higher in patients with pulmonary artery thrombosis 29 (IQR, 8-100) vs. 8 (IQR, 0-45) cm(3), P=0.041]. Lung parenchyma was divided between normal parenchyma (59%, of which 34% was hypoperfused), ground glass opacities (10%, of which 20% was hypoperfused) and consolidation (31%, of which 10% was hypoperfused). CONCLUSIONS: Pulmonary perfusion evaluated by iodine concentration maps shows extreme heterogeneity in COVID-19 patients and lower iodine levels in normal parenchyma. Pulmonary ischemic areas were more frequent and larger in patients with pulmonary artery thrombosis. Pulmonary DECT angiography revealed a significant number of pulmonary ischemic areas even in the absence of visible pulmonary arterial thrombosis. This may reflect microthrombosis associated with COVID-19 pneumonia.
A comparison of four serological assays for detecting anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in human serum samples from different populations	Grzelak,  L,  Temmam, et al	Sci Transl Med	Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes Immunology | Immunologie	It is of paramount importance to evaluate the prevalence of both asymptomatic and symptomatic cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection and their differing antibody response profiles. Here, we performed a pilot study of four serological assays to assess the amounts of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in serum samples obtained from 491 healthy individuals before the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, 51 individuals hospitalized with COVID-19, 209 suspected cases of COVID-19 with mild symptoms, and 200 healthy blood donors. We used two ELISA assays that recognized the full-length nucleoprotein (N) or trimeric spike (S) protein ectodomain of SARS-CoV-2. In addition, we developed the S-Flow assay that recognized the S protein expressed at the cell surface using flow cytometry, and the luciferase immunoprecipitation system (LIPS) assay that recognized diverse SARS-CoV-2 antigens including the S1 domain and the carboxyl-terminal domain of N by immunoprecipitation. We obtained similar results with the four serological assays. Differences in sensitivity were attributed to the technique and the antigen used. High anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers were associated with neutralization activity, which was assessed using infectious SARS-CoV-2 or lentiviral-S pseudotype virus. In hospitalized patients with COVID-19, seroconversion and virus neutralization occurred between 5 and 14 days after symptom onset, confirming previous studies. Seropositivity was detected in 32% of mildly symptomatic individuals within 15 days of symptom onset and in 3% of healthy blood donors. The four antibody assays that we used enabled a broad evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and antibody profiling in different subpopulations within one region.
Differential risk for COVID-19 in the first wave of the disease (February-April 2020) among migrants from several areas of the world living in Alcorcon (Spain): A population-based cohort study	Guijarro,  Carlos,  Perez-Fernandez, et al	medRxiv	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie	Objective. To evaluate the COVID-19 incidence among migrants from different areas of the world as compared to Spaniards living in Alcorcon Design. Population-based cohort analysis of the cumulative incidence of PCR-confirmed COVID-19 cases until April 25 (2020) among adult residents at Alcorcon (Spain) attended at the only public hospital serving this city. Crude incident rates for Spaniards and migrants from different areas of the world were estimated. Age and sex-adjusted relative risks for COVID19 were estimated by negative polynomial regression. Setting. University public Hospital at Alcorcon, Madrid, Spain Participants. All adult residents living in Alcorcon classified by their country and region of the world of origin. Main outcome. PCR confirmed COVID-19. Results. PCR confirmed COVID-19 cumulative incidence was 6.81 cases per 1000 inhabitants among residents of Alcorcon. The crude incidence among migrants (n=20419) was higher than among Spaniards (n=131599): 8.81 and 6.51 and per 1000 inhabitants respectively (p<0.001). By regions of the world, crude cumulative COVID-19 incidence rates were: European Union 2.38 , Asia 2.01, , Northern Africa 3.59, East ern Europe 4.37, Sub-Saharan Africa 11.24, Caribbean 18.26 and Latin-America 20.77 8 per 1000 inhabitants. Migrant residents were markedly younger than Spaniards (median age 52 vs 73 years, p<0.001). By negative polynomial logistic regression, adjusted for age and sex, relative risks (RR) for COVID-19 were not significantly different from Spaniards for individuals from Europe, Asia or Northern Africa. In contrast, there was an increased risk for Sub-Saharan Africa (RR 3.66, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.42-9.41, p=0.007), Caribbean (RR 6.35, 95% CI 3.83-10.55, p<0.001) and Latin-America (RR 6.92, 95% CI 4.49-10.67, p <0.001). Interpretation. There was a marked increased risk for COVID-19 among migrants from Sub-Saharan Africa, Caribbean and Latin-America residing in Spain. The reasons underlying this increased risk and health and social implications deserve further attention
Modeling SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro with a human intestine-on-chip device	Guo,  Yaqiong,  Luo, et al	bioRxiv	Coronavirology| Coronavirologie	Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has given rise to a global pandemic. The gastrointestinal symptoms of some COVID-19 patients are underestimated. There is an urgent need to develop physiologically relevant model that can accurately reflect human response to viral infection. Here, we report the creation of a biomimetic human intestine infection model on a chip system that allows to recapitulate the intestinal injury and immune response induced by SARS-CoV-2, for the first time. The microengineered intestine-on-chip device contains human intestinal epithelium (co-cultured human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells and mucin secreting HT-29 cells) lined in upper channel and vascular endothelium (human umbilical vein endothelial cells, HUVECs) in a parallel lower channel under fluidic flow condition, sandwiched by a porous PDMS membrane coated with extracellular matrix (ECM). At day 3 post-infection of SARS-CoV-2, the intestine epithelium showed high susceptibility to viral infection and obvious morphological changes with destruction of intestinal villus, dispersed distribution of mucus secreting cells and reduced expression of tight junction (E-cadherin), indicating the destruction of mucous layer and the integrity of intestinal barrier caused by virus. Moreover, the endothelium exhibited abnormal cell morphology with disrupted expression of adherent junction protein (VE-cadherin). Transcriptional analysis revealed the abnormal RNA and protein metabolism, as well as activated immune responses in both epithelial and endothelial cells after viral infection (e.g., up-regulated cytokine genes, TNF signaling and NF-kappa B signaling-related genes). This bioengineered in vitro model system can mirror the human relevant pathophysiology and response to viral infection at the organ level, which is not possible in existing in vitro culture systems. It may provide a promising tool to accelerate our understanding of COVID-19 and devising novel therapies.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.
Severe Paediatric Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome (PIMS) in a 23 months old baby post COVID-19 effectively managed with IVIG and pulse Steroid: Case report	Gupta,  YK,  S	Research Square prepub	Clinical data| Données cliniques	Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in children largely causes mild disease. Some of these recovered children may present with delayed manifestations described as Hyperinflammatory syndrome resembling closely with Kawasaki disease (KD) or Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS). Timely identification, supportive treatment and treatment with immunomodulatory drugs make a significant difference in the outcome.
PMC7458649; Association between eating behavior and quarantine/confinement stressors during the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak	Haddad,  C,  Zakhour, et al	J Eat Disord	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	BACKGROUND: Quarantine/confinement is an effective measure to face the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Consequently, in response to this stressful situation, people confined to their homes may change their everyday eating behavior. Therefore, the primary objective of this study is to evaluate the association between quarantine/confinement stressors and eating behavior during the COVID-19 outbreak. The secondary objective is to compare the association of quarantine/confinement stressors and diet behavior between two groups of participants, those attending diet clinics and those not (general population). METHOD: A cross-sectional web-based online survey carried out between April 3 and 18, 2020, enrolled 407 participants from the Lebanese population. Eating Disorder Examination - Questionnaire (EDE-Q) were used to measure the behavioral features of eating disorders. RESULTS: More than half of the sample (53.0%) abide by the home quarantine/confinement, 95.4% were living with someone in the quarantine/confinement, and 39.6% continued to work from home. Higher fear of COVID-19 was found in 182 (44.8%) participants, higher boredom in 200 (49.2%) participants, higher anger in 187 (46.3%), and higher anxiety in 197 (48.5%) participants. Higher fear of COVID-19 (Beta = 0.02), higher BMI (Beta = 0.05), and physical activity (Beta = 1.04) were significantly associated with a higher restraint score. Higher anxiety, higher fear of COVID-19, higher BMI, practicing physical exercise, and a higher number of adults living in the quarantine/confinement were significantly associated with higher shape and weight concerns. CONCLUSION: Our results showed that the fear of COVID-19 was correlated with more eating restraint, weight, and shape concerns in the whole sample, but more specifically in the dietitian clients group. Public health control measures are needed to reduce the detrimental effects of psychological distress associated with quarantine/confinement on eating behaviors during the COVID-19 outbreak.
EPICOVID19 protocol: repeated serological surveys on SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in Brazil	Hallal,  PC,  Barros, et al	Cien Saude Colet	Surveillance	The first case of COVID-19 was reported in China in December 2019, and, as the virus has spread worldwide, the World Health Organization declared it a pandemic. Estimates on the number of COVID-19 cases do not reflect it real magnitude as testing is limited. Population based data on the proportion of the population with antibodies is relevant for planning public health policies. We aim to assess the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, presence of signs and symptoms of COVID-19, and adherence to isolation measures. A random sample comprising 133 sentinel cities from all states of the country will be selected. Three serological surveys, three weeks apart, will be conducted. The most populous municipality in each intermediate region of the country, defined by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, was chosen as sentinel city. In each city, 25 census tracts will be selected, and 10 households will be systematically sampled in each tract, totaling 33,250 participants. In each household, one inhabitant will be randomly selected to be interviewed and tested for antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, using WONDFO SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Test. By evaluating a representative sample of Brazilian sentinel sites, this study will provide essential information for the design of health policies.
Community pharmacists' knowledge and preparedness to participate in the fight against Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Zambia	Hangoma,  JimmyM,  Mudenda, et al	medRxiv	Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	The purpose of this study was to assess the level of knowledge and preparedness of community pharmacists in Zambia as frontline workers in curbing COVID-19. Community pharmacists are prepared to participate in the frontline fight against the COVID-19 pandemic in Zambia
National registry for patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IRD) infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Germany (ReCoVery): a valuable mean to gain rapid and reliable knowledge of the clinical course of SARS-CoV-2 infections in patients with IRD	Hasseli,  R,  Mueller-Ladner, et al	RMD Open	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	To gather knowledge about SARS-CoV-2 infections in patients with IRD, authors established a registry shortly after the beginning of the pandemic in Germany. The registry enables to generate data rapidly in this emerging situation and to gain a better understanding of the course of SARS-CoV2-infection in patients with IRD, with a distinct focus on their immunomodulatory therapies.
COVID-19 mortality risk factors in older people in a long-term care center	Heras,  E,  G	Research Square prepub	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	Authors aimed to investigate the epidemiologic, demographics, clinical, or therapeutic factors that may predict the prognosis in a cohort of COVID-19 infected elderly in a nursing home. Male gender, low Barthel index, no pharmacological treatment and lymphocytopenia are independent risk factors for COVID-19 mortality in institutionalized elderly patients in long-term care nursing homes.
Autoantibody-negative insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus after SARS-CoV-2 infection: a case report	Hollstein,  T,  Schulte, et al	Nat Metab	Clinical data| Données cliniques	Authors report a case where the manifestations of insulin-dependent diabetes occurred following SARS-CoV-2 infection in a young individual in the absence of autoantibodies typical for type 1 diabetes mellitus. Although the report cannot fully establish causality between COVID-19 and the development of diabetes in this patient, considering that SARS-CoV-2 entry receptors, including angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, are expressed on pancreatic β-cells and, given the circumstances of this case, we suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection, or COVID-19, might negatively affect pancreatic function, perhaps through direct cytolytic effects of the virus on β-cells.
COVID-19 pneumonia in a patient with adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma	Hosoba,  R,  Makita, et al	J Clin Exp Hematop	Clinical data| Données cliniques	Authors report a COVID-19 patient with adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL) who was treated using favipiravir. The immunosuppressed condition caused by hematological malignancy may not always be a risk factor for severe illness associated with COVID-19.
Contribution of syndecans to the cellular entry of SARS-CoV-2	Hudák,  A,  Szilák, et al	Research Square prepub	Coronavirology| Coronavirologie	Authors report that syndecans, the evolutionarily conserved family of transmembrane proteoglycans facilitate the cellular entry of SARS-CoV-2. Data obtained on syndecan specific in vitro assays present syndecans as novel cellular targets of SARS-CoV-2 and offers molecularly precise, yet simple strategies in overcoming the complex nature of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Case Report: Paralytic Ileus: A Potential Extrapulmonary Manifestation of Severe COVID-19	Ibrahim,  YS,  Karuppasamy, et al	Am J Trop Med Hyg	Clinical data| Données cliniques	Authors report two cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection complicated by paralytic ileus. Both cases were observed to have elevated liver transaminases, which is consistent with other studies.
Relation of Doubling Time and Reproduction Number with Testing Rate for Corona Infections in India	Indrayan,  Abhaya,  Mishra, et al	medRxiv	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie	Authors quantify the relationship of testing rate with the doubling time and reproduction number in India, estimate the effect, and use these relationships to make projections for the near future.
Estimating and explaining the spread of COVID-19 at the county level in the USA	Ives,  AnthonyR,  Bozzuto, et al	medRxiv	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique	Using mortality records, authors estimated the rate of spread of COVID-19 among 160 counties and county-aggregates in the USA. The high variation of reproduction number among counties argues for public health policies that are enacted at the county level for controlling COVID-19
Modelling the Number of Confirmed Cases and Deaths from COVID-19 Pandemic in the UK and Forecasting over April 15(th) - May 30(th), 2020	Jamshidi,  B,  Rezaei, et al	Disaster Med Public Health Prep	Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie	This study addresses the modeling and forecasting of the outbreak of COVID-19 in the UK. According to the obtained model, we expect that the cumulative number of confirmed cases reaches 282000 with 80% confidence interval 242000 316500]) on 30th May, from 93873 on 14th April. In addition, it is expected that over this period, the number of daily new confirmed cases falls to the interval 1330 to 6450 with the probability of 0.80 by the point estimation around 3100. Regarding death, our model establishes that the real case fatality rate of the pandemic in the UK approaches 11% (80% confidence interval; 8% - 15%). Accordingly, we forecast that the total death in the UK rises to 35000 (28000-50000 with the probability of 80%).The drawback of this study is the shortage of observations. Also, to conduct a more exact study it is possible to take the number of the tests into account as an explanatory variable besides time.
Real-World Implications of Rapidly Responsive COVID-19 Spread Model with Time Dependent Parameters Via Deep Learning: Algorithm Development and Validation	Jung,  SY,  Jo, et al	J Med Internet Res	Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie	This study was conducted to develop a precise spread model of COVID-19 with time-dependent parameters via deep learning responding promptly to the dynamic situation of the outbreak to proactively minimize damage. We developed an entirely new SIR model with time-dependent parameters via deep learning methods. Furthermore, we validated the model with the conventional Runge-Kutta of order 4 (RK4) model to confirm its convergent nature. In addition, we evaluated our model based on the real-world situation reported from KCDC, the Korean government, and news media. We also cross-validated our model by using data from CSSE for Italy, Sweden, and US. The methodology and new model of this study could be employed for short term prediction of COVID-19, by which the government can be prepared for a new outbreak.
SARS-CoV-2 gene content and COVID-19 mutation impact by comparing 44 Sarbecovirus genomes	Jungreis,  Irwin,  Sealfon, et al	bioRxiv	Coronavirology| Coronavirologie	Authors use comparative genomics to provide a high-confidence protein-coding gene set, characterize protein-level and nucleotide-level evolutionary constraint, and prioritize functional mutations from the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The resulting high-confidence gene set and evolutionary-history annotations provide valuable resources and insights on COVID-19 biology, mutations, and evolution.
Global Geographic and Temporal Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Haplotypes Normalized by COVID-19 Cases during the First Seven Months of the Pandemic	Justo Arevalo,  Santiago,  Zapata Sifuentes, et al	bioRxiv	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Coronavirology| Coronavirologie	Authors proposed an approach to analyze virus spreading and evolution in a worldwide context. based on the normalization by COVID-19 cases of relative frequencies of mutations using all the available data to identify major haplotypes. They discuss currently structural and functional hypotheses in the most frequently identified mutations
SARS-CoV-2 Viral RNA Load Dynamics in the Nasopharynx of Infected Children	Kam,  Kai-qian,  Thoon, et al	medRxiv	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	Authors determined differences in SARS-CoV-2 viral load dynamics between nasopharyngeal samples of infected asymptomatic and symptomatic children. Among 17 infected children, 10 (58.8%) were symptomatic. Symptomatic children, when compared to asymptomatic children, had higher viral load (mean cycle threshold on day 7 of illness 28.6 versus 36.7, p = 0.02). Peak SARS-CoV-2 viral loads occured around days 2-3 of illness/days of diagnosis in infected children. After adjusting for the estimated date of infection, the higher SARS-CoV-2 viral loads in symptomatic children remained. The study highlights the importance of screening for SARS-CoV-2 in children with epidemiological risk factors, even when they are asymptomatic in order to improve containment of the virus in the community, including educational settings
Social Cognition and Socioecological Predictors of Home-Based Physical Activity Intentions, Planning, and Habits during the COVID-19 Pandemic	Kaushal,  N,  Keith, et al	Behav Sci (Basel)	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	The purpose of this study was to use a socioecological framework to investigate how the availability of exercise equipment at home predicts behavioral decisions, namely, intention, planning, and habits with respect to participation in physical activity. The availability of large cardiovascular and strength training equipment demonstrated significant predictive effects with intention, planning, habit, and autonomous motivation.
Phase 1-2 Trial of a SARS-CoV-2 Recombinant Spike Protein Nanoparticle Vaccine	Keech,  C,  Albert, et al	N Engl J Med	Clinical data| Données cliniques Vaccine Research| Recherche sur les vaccins RCT	Authors initiated a randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 1-2 trial to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the rSARS-CoV-2 vaccine (in 5-μg and 25-μg doses, with or without Matrix-M1 adjuvant, and with observers unaware of trial-group assignments) in 131 healthy adults.  At 35 days, NVX-CoV2373 appeared to be safe, and it elicited immune responses that exceeded levels in Covid-19 convalescent serum.
The Effects of the COVID-19 Lockdown on Severe Asthma in Patients Taking Biologic Therapy and Air Pollution in Riyadh	Khan,  M,  R	Research Square prepub	Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	The objective of this study was to assess asthma control and asthma medication use among sever asthmatics on biologics before and after COVID-19 pandemic. Asthma control was better post curfew and lockdown. Decrease in air pollution and social distances may be contribute factor.
Deep-learning convolutional neural networks with transfer learning accurately classify COVID19 lung infection on portable chest radiographs	Kikkisetti,  Shreeja,  Zhu, et al	medRxiv	Clinical data| Données cliniques Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes	This study employed deep-learning convolutional neural networks to classify COVID-19 lung infections on pCXR from normal and related lung infections to potentially enable more timely and accurate diagnosis. This approach has the potential to help radiologists and frontline physicians by providing more timely and accurate diagnosis.
A comparison of clinical, laboratory and chest CT findings of laboratory-confirmed and clinically diagnosed COVID-19 patients at first admission	Kuzan,  TY,  Murzoğlu Altıntoprak, et al	Diagn Interv Radiol	Clinical data| Données cliniques Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes	This study aims to identify chest computed tomography (CT) characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), investigate the association between CT findings and laboratory or demographic findings, and compare the accuracy of chest CT with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Chest CT has high sensitivity and low specificity in the diagnosis of COVID-19. The clinical, laboratory, and CT findings of laboratory-confirmed and clinically diagnosed COVID-19 patients are similar.
Virtual surgical education for core surgical trainees in the Yorkshire deanery during the COVID-19 pandemic	Laloo,  R,  Giorga, et al	Scott Med J	Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	An online teaching programme for Core Surgical Trainees (CSTs) was designed and delivered during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study is to assess the feasibility and the reception of a fully online teaching programme. An entirely online teaching programme is feasible and well-received by CSTs. Trainees preferred live, interactive, procedure-based, consultant-led sessions lasting approximately thirty minutes to one hour and covering a myriad of surgical specialties.
Immune transcriptomes of highly exposed SARS-CoV-2 asymptomatic seropositive versus seronegative individuals from the Ischgl community	Lee,  Hye Kyung,  Knabl, et al	medRxiv	Clinical data| Données cliniques Immunology | Immunologie	The aim of this study was to investigate prevalence of ongoing activation of inflammation following asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection we characterized immune cell transcriptomes from 43 asymptomatic seropositive and 52 highly exposed seronegative individuals with few underlying health issues following a community superspreading event. All subjects remained in their usual state of health from event through five-month follow-up. Here, asymptomatic infection resolved without evidence of prolonged immunological activation. Inclusion of subjects with underlying genetic disease illustrated the pathophysiological importance of context on impact of immunological response
Severity Prediction for COVID-19 Patients via Recurrent Neural Networks	Lee,  Junghwan,  Ta, et al	medRxiv	Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	In this paper, authors propose a model to predict whether a patient infected with COVID-19 will develop severe outcomes based only on the patient's historical electronic health records (EHR) using recurrent neural networks (RNN). While many of the existing models use features obtained after diagnosis of COVID-19, our proposed model only utilizes a patient's historical EHR to enable proactive risk management at the time of hospital admission
COVID-19 Detection From Chest Radiographs Using Machine Learning and Convolutional Neural Networks	Li,  AndrewC,  Lee, et al	medRxiv	Clinical data| Données cliniques Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes	This study develops a machine learning model based on the DenseNet-201 deep convolutional neural network, that can classify COVID-19 from chest radiographs in less than one minute and far more accurately than conventional tests (F1-score: 0.96; precision: 0.95; recall: 0.98). It uses a significantly larger dataset and more control classes than previously published models, demonstrating the promise of a machine learning approach for accurate and efficient COVID-19 screening.
Efficacy Evaluation of Early, Low-Dose, Short-Term Corticosteroids in Adults Hospitalized with Non-Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Retrospective Cohort Study	Li,  Q,  Li, et al	Infect Dis Ther	Clinical data| Données cliniques Therapeutics| Thérapeutique	This study aimed to observe the efficacy of corticosteroids in non-severe COVID-19 pneumonia.  A total of 475 patients with non-severe COVID-19 pneumonia were enrolled, 55 patients received early, low-dose, and short-term corticosteroids therapy, 420 patients received non-corticosteroids therapy. Compared to the non-corticosteroids group, there was a prolonged duration of fever (median 5 vs 3 days, p < 0.001), virus clearance time (median 18 vs 11 days, p < 0.001), and length of hospital stay (median 23 vs 15 days, p < 0.001) in the corticosteroids group. The percentages of antibiotics therapy (89.1% vs 23.6%, p < 0.001), use of at least two antibiotics (38.2% vs 12.7%, p = 0.002), and antifungal therapy (7.3% vs 0, p = 0.042) were higher in the corticosteroids group than those in the non-corticosteroids group. Compared to the non-corticosteroids group, more patients developed severe disease (12.7% vs 1.8%, p = 0.028) in the corticosteroids group. There was no significant difference between the two groups in mortality (1.8% vs 0, p = 0.315). In adult patients with non-severe COVID-19 pneumonia, early, low-dose, and short-term corticosteroids therapy was associated with worse clinical outcomes.
Coping With COVID-19	Lieberman,  JA,  Nester, et al	Am J Clin Pathol	Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	In real time, authors converted one ongoing case- and didactic-based course, LabM 685, to remote learning. The changes in medical education described reflect the dynamic interplay of current events affecting the world of clinical pathology.
COVID-19 News Exposure as a Modifiable Risk Factor of Psychological Symptoms: Can an Official WhatsApp Channel Help?	Liu,  JC,  Tong, et al	J Med Internet Res	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	In this study, we sought to: (1) assess well-being during the pandemic; (2) replicate prior findings linking exposure to COVID-19 news with psychological distress; and (3) examine whether subscription to an official WhatsApp channel can mitigate this risk. Within the sample, 7.9% of participants had severe or extremely severe symptoms on at least one DASS-21 subscale. Depression scores were associated with increased duration spent receiving COVID-19 updates, whereas use of the official WhatsApp channel emerged as a protective factor (b = -.07, t (863) = -2.04, P = 0.04). Similarly, increased anxiety scores were associated with increased exposure to both updates and rumours, but this risk was mitigated by trust in the government’s WhatsApp messages (b = -.05, t(863) = -2.13, P = 0.03). Finally, although stress symptoms increased with the duration spent receiving updates, these symptoms were not significantly related to WhatsApp use.
Evolution of Early SARS-CoV-2 and Cross-Coronavirus Immunity	Loos,  C,  Atyeo, et al	mSphere	Immunology | Immunologie	we profiled the immune response across multiple coronavirus receptor binding domains (RBDs), respiratory viruses, and SARS-CoV-2, to determine whether heterologous immunity to other CoV-RBDs or other infections influenced the evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 humoral immune response. Overall changes in subclass, isotype, and Fc-receptor binding were profiled broadly across a cohort of 43 individuals against different coronaviruses—RBDs of SARS-CoV-2 and the more common HKU1 and NL63 viruses. We found rapid functional evolution of responses to SARS-CoV-2 over time, along with broad but relatively more time-invariant responses to the more common CoVs. Moreover, there was little evidence of correlation between SARS-CoV-2 responses and HKU1, NL63, and respiratory infection (influenza and respiratory syncytial virus) responses. These findings suggest that common viral infections including common CoV immunity, targeting the receptor binding domain involved in viral infection, do not appear to influence the rapid functional evolution of SARS-CoV-2 immunity, and thus should not impact diagnostics or shape vaccine-induced immunity.
HYDROXICLOROQUINE FOR PRE-EXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS FOR SARS-CoV-2	Lopez de la Iglesia,  Jaime,  Cubelos, et al	medRxiv	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	This study is verifying if patients with autoimmune diseases that are on treatment with HCQ have less incidence and severity on COVID-19.  Findings show  there is no difference neither on the incidence nor on the severity of COVID-19 between patients with autoimmune diseases with HCQ treatment and patients that do not take HCQ.
Gastric ischemia and portal vein thrombosis in a COVID-19-infected patient	Low,  SW,  Swanson, et al	Endoscopy	Clinical data| Données cliniques	A 51-year-old man admitted with acute respiratory failure from a SARS-CoV-2 infection had large volume of bloody output via orogastric tube following initiation of heparin for a lower extremity deep vein thrombosis. The patient had gastric ischemia and portal vein thrombosis in the setting of a COVID-19 infection in the absence of other thromboembolic risk factors. A high index of suspicion may result in early recognition of this complication and treatment with anticoagulation.
Romantic Relationship Conflict Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic and Changes in Intimate and Sexual Behaviors in a Nationally Representative Sample of American Adults	Luetke,  M,  Hensel, et al	J Sex Marital Ther	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	In this study, we assessed the association between COVID-related relationship conflict and changes in intimate and sexual behaviors and experiences in American adults. Among individuals in relationships, 34% reported some degree of conflict with their romantic partners due to the spread of COVID-19 and its related restrictions. Those experiencing frequent coronavirus-related conflict with their partner were significantly more likely to report decreased frequency of several solo and partnered intimate and sexual behaviors compared to those not experiencing any such conflict, exhibiting a dose-response trend among partnered sexual behaviors.
A Decision Aide for the Risk Stratification of GU Cancer Patients at Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Infection, COVID-19 Related Hospitalization, Intubation, and Mortality	Lundon,  DJ,  Kelly, et al	J Clin Med	Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie	The aim of this work was to develop a risk tool to identify GU cancer patients at risk of diagnosis, hospitalization, intubation, and mortality from COVID-19. A retrospective case showed a series of GU cancer patients screened for COVID-19 across the Mount Sinai Health System (MSHS).  A risk tool was developed using a combination of machine learning methods and utilized BMI, temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation. The risk tool for predicting a diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 had an AUC of 0.83, predicting hospitalization for management of COVID-19 had an AUC of 0.95, predicting patients requiring intubation had an AUC of 0.97, and for predicting COVID-19-related death, the risk tool had an AUC of 0.79. The models had an acceptable calibration and provided a superior net benefit over other common strategies across the entire range of threshold probabilities.
Temporal Change of SARS-CoV-2 in Clinical Specimens of COVID-19 Pneumonia Patients	Luvira,  V,  Jittmittraphap, et al	Am J Trop Med Hyg	Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes	we describe temporal changes in rRT-PCR results for SARS-CoV-2 in respiratory-tract specimens, both NPS/TS and sputum, along with the clinical course of COVID-19 pneumonia. We analyzed 26 clinical specimens from three cases of COVID-19 pneumonia hospitalized at the Hospital for Tropical Diseases in Bangkok during a COVID-19 outbreak in Thailand between March 2020 and May 2020.  Viral RNA could be detected for longer time in sputum (during > 2–6 weeks) than swab specimens in two of three cases, with an obviously longer time in one case , implying that the correct types of specimens from the anatomical site of pathology—sputum in pneumonia cases—are preferable. Thus, these preliminary results suggested that sputum should be the specimen of choice for the diagnosis and follow-up of COVID-19 pneumonia. Self-collection of sputum is simple expectoration, less invasive, and minimizes the risk of transmission to healthcare workers, especially in settings with limited personal protective equipment.
COVID-19 pandemics modeling with modified determinist SEIR, social distancing, and age stratification. The effect of vertical confinement and release in Brazil	Lyra,  W,  do Nascimento, et al	PLoS One	Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique	We developed a modified SEIR model, including confinement, asymptomatic transmission, quarantine and hospitalization. We used Brazil as an example of middle income country, but the results are easily generalizable to other countries considering a similar strategy. We find that starting from 60% horizontal confinement, an exit strategy on May 1st of confinement of individuals older than 60 years old and full release of the younger population results in 400 000 hospitalizations, 50 000 ICU cases, and 120 000 deaths in the 50-60 years old age group alone. Sensitivity analysis shows the 95% confidence interval brackets a order of magnitude in cases or three weeks in time. The health care system avoids collapse if the 50-60 years old are also confined, but our model assumes an idealized lockdown where the confined are perfectly insulated from contamination, so our numbers are a conservative lower bound. Our results discourage confinement by age as an exit strategy.
Estimates of the impact of COVID-19 on mortality of institutionalized elderly in Brazil	Machado,  CJ,  Pereira, et al	Cien Saude Colet	Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie	This study aims to estimate the impact of COVID-19 on mortality of institutionalized elderly in Brazil. Estimates of the percentage of elderly deaths occurring in care homes were calculated for Brazil, States and Regions using estimates for the total number of deaths. The estimation was based upon information available for other countries. The weighted percentage was 44.7% and 107,538 COVID-19 deaths were estimated for the elderly in these institutions in Brazil in 2020. Higher numbers of deaths were expected in the Southeast Region (48,779 deaths), followed by the Northeast Region (28,451 deaths); São Paulo was the most affected State (24,500 deaths). The strong impact of COVID-19 on the elderly population living in long-term care facilities is clear. Estimates for the country exceeded 100,000 elderly people, potentially the most fragile and vulnerable, and are based upon a conservative number of total deaths, in view of other estimates and the alarming situation of death growth in Brazil from COVID-19.
Descriptive account of 18 adults with known HIV infection hospitalised with SARS-CoV-2 infection	Madge,  S,  Barber, et al	Sex Transm Infect	Clinical data| Données cliniques	To report on the clinical characteristics and outcome of 18 people living with HIV (PLWH) hospitalised with SARS-CoV-2 infection in a London teaching hospital.  Our data suggest that PLWH may not necessarily have prolonged or complex admissions to hospital when compared with the general hospital and national population admitted with COVID-19. Many had low nadir CD4 counts and potentially impaired functional immune restoration. The PLWH group was younger than generally reported for COVID-19, and the majority were male with multiple complex comorbidities. These patients had frequent contact with hospital settings increasing potential for nosocomial acquisition and increased risk of severe COVID-19.
Active-site Molecular docking of Nigellidine with nucleocapsid- NSP2-MPro of COVID-19 and to human IL1R-IL6R and strong antioxidant role of Nigella-sativa in experimental rats	Maiti,  S,  Banerjee, et al	J Drug Target	Animal model | Modèle animal	A brief comparison was made with nigellicine-thymoquinone from N. sativa. Where nigellidine showed highest binding-energy of -6.6 (kcal/mol), ligand-efficiency of -0.3 with COVID19 Nsp2 forming bonds with amino acid CYS240 present in binding-pocket. Nigellidine showed strong interaction with main-protease (BE:-6.38/LE:-0.29). Nigellidine showed affinity to IL1R (-6.23). The NS treated rat showed marked decline in ALP-SGPT-SGOT-malondialdehyde(MDA) than the basal-levels. From the Western-blot and activity-analysis it was observed that Nigellidine (sulfuryl-group-drug) showed no impact on Phenol-catalyzing ASTIV and Steroid-catalyzing estrogen-sulfotransferase expressions and activities in liver-tissue and thus has no influence in sulfation-mediated adverse metabolic-processes. Conclusively, nigellidine has hepato-reno-protective/antioxidant-immunomodulatory/anti-inflammatory activities with inhibit-potentials of COVID-19 proteins.
Analyzing inherent biases in SARS-CoV-2 PCR and serological epidemiologic metrics	Makhoul,  Monia,  Abou-Hijleh, et al	medRxiv	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes	We aimed to analyze how these effects can bias key epidemiological metrics used to track and monitor SARS-CoV-2 epidemics. The prolonged PCR positivity biased the epidemiological measures. There was a lag of 10 days between the true epidemic peak and the actually-observed peak. Prior to epidemic peak, PCR positivity rate was 2-fold higher than that based only on current active infection, and half of those tested positive by PCR were in the prolonged PCR positivity stage after infection clearance. Post epidemic peak, PCR positivity rate poorly predicted true trend in active infection. Meanwhile, the prolonged PCR positivity did not appreciably bias estimation of the basic reproduction number R0. The time delay in development of detectable antibodies biased measured seroprevalence. The actually-observed seroprevalence substantially underestimated true prevalence of ever infection, with the underestimation being most pronounced around epidemic peak.
ASSOCIATION OF HYPERGLYCEMIA WITH HOSPITAL MORTALITY IN COVID-19 PATIENTS WITHOUT DIABETES: A COHORT STUDY	Mamtani,  Manju,  Athavale, et al	medRxiv	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	Our objective was to identify prevalence of hyperglycemia in COVID-19 patients with and without diabetes and quantify its association with COVID-19 disease course. Findings show hyperglycemia in the absence of diabetes was common (21% of hospitalized COVID-19 patients) and was associated with an increased risk of and faster progression to death. Development of hyperglycemia in COVID-19 patients who do not have diabetes is an early indicator of poor prognosis.
Temporal profile and determinants of viral shedding and of viral clearance confirmation on nasopharyngeal swabs from SARS-CoV-2-positive subjects: a population-based prospective cohort study in Reggio Emilia, Italy	Mancuso,  P,  Venturelli, et al	BMJ Open	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	This study aims to determine the timing of viral clearance (first negative RT-PCR on nasopharyngeal swab) and the probability of viral clearance confirmation (two consecutive negative swabs) in COVID19 patients and to identify related determinants. This study was conducted in a cohort of patients in the Reggio Emilia Province, Northern Italy. Viral clearance was achieved by60.6% (704/1162) of patients, with a median time of 30 days from diagnosis (IQR 23-40) and 36 days from symptom onset (IQR 28-45). Of those negative and retested, 78.7% (436/554) had viral clearance confirmation, suggesting one in five false negative tests. The time from symptom onset to viral clearance slightly increased with age, from 35 (IQR 26-44) days under age 50 to 38 (IQR 28-44) in over age80, and with disease severity, from 33 (IQR 25-41) days in non-hospitalised subjects to 38 (IQR 30-47) days in hospitalised patients. The probability of confirmed viral clearance reached 86.8% after 34 days from symptom onset and increased with time, even when adjusting for age and sex (OR 1.16 95%CI 1.06-1.26 per day from diagnosis)
Digital public interest on coronavirus information and social distancing: a Brazilian nationwide analysis using an infodemiology approach	Martins-Filho,  P,  Souza Araújo, et al	J Travel Med	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	We used Google TrendsTM to assess online search activity on the novel coronavirus in Brazil and the results were correlated with a geolocation index of social distancing (namely Social Isolation Index [SII]) provided by a geo-tracking and advertising software supplier. Findings show that the online interest for coronavirus information in Brazil suddenly increased since March 11 (RSV 14) after the World Health Organization (WHO) has declared COVID19 a pandemic and peaked after Brazilian Ministry of Health recognized the community transmission of the virus throughout the national territory on March 20 (RSV 94) and the beginning of a quarantine order in São Paulo state on March 21 (RSV 100). Interestingly, the SII increased from 24.4% on March 11 to 62.2% on March 21, which was the highest score reached during the COVID-19 outbreak in Brazil. A progressive decline in both online interest for coronavirus information and social isolation was observed from the end of March and a strong correlation was found between RSV and SII (ρ = 0.638; P-value < 0.001)
Atypical Spontaneous Hematomas in a Patient with Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)	Mattioli,  M,  Benfaremo, et al	Semin Thromb Hemost	Clinical data| Données cliniques	We describe the case of an 84-year-old Caucasian patient with severe COVID-19 pneumonia, who developed subsequent multiple spontaneous muscular hematomas.
Peritoneal dialysis for treatment of acute kidney injury in a case of paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2	McCulloch,  M,  Abugrain, et al	Perit Dial Int	Clinical data| Données cliniques	This report describes the case discussion of 9-year-old patient with acute kidney injury due to paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 with successful peritoneal dialysis via a peritoneal dialysis catheter inserted at the bedside in an intensive care setting.
A neutrophil activation signature predicts critical illness and mortality in COVID-19	Meizlish,  MatthewL,  Pine, et al	medRxiv	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	We carried out proteomic profiling of plasma from cross-sectional and longitudinal cohorts of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and analyzed clinical data from our health system database of over 3,300 patients. Using a machine learning algorithm, we identified a prominent signature of neutrophil activation, including resistin, lipocalin-2, HGF, IL-8, and G-CSF, as the strongest predictors of critical illness. Neutrophil activation was present on the first day of hospitalization in patients who would only later require transfer to the intensive care unit, thus preceding the onset of critical illness and predicting increased mortality. In the health system database, early elevations in developing and mature neutrophil counts also predicted higher mortality rates. Altogether, we define an essential role for neutrophil activation in the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19 and identify molecular neutrophil markers that distinguish patients at risk of future clinical decompensation.
Risk assessment of drug-induced Long QT Syndrome for some COVID-19 repurposed drugs	Michaud,  Veronique,  Dow, et al	medRxiv	Therapeutics| Thérapeutique	A risk assessment of drug-induced Long QT Syndrome (LQTS) associated with COVID-19 repurposed drugs was performed and compared to 23 well-known torsadogenic and 10 low torsadogenic risk compounds. Estimators of LQTS risk levels indicated a very high or moderate risk for all COVID-19 repurposed drugs with the exception for azithromycin, although cases of TdP have been reported with this drug. There was excellent agreement among the various indices used to assess risk of drug-induced LQTS for the 6 repurposed medications and 23 torsadogenic compounds. Based on our results, monitoring of the QT interval shall be performed when some COVID-19 repurposed drugs are used, as such monitoring is possible for hospitalized patients or with the use of biodevices for outpatients.
Determinants of physical distancing during the covid-19 epidemic in Brazil: effects from mandatory rules, numbers of cases and duration of rules	Moraes,  RF	Cien Saude Colet	Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique	Using a specifically built index that measures the strictness of physical distancing rules in the 27 Brazilian states, this paper isolates the effect of mandatory physical distancing rules from other potential determinants of physical distancing. The article concludes that physical distancing is influenced by at least three variables: the strictness of mandatory physical distancing rules, the number of confirmed cases of covid-19, and the duration of rules. Evidence also indicates that the effect of physical distancing measures is relatively stronger than that of the number of cases –physical distancing is determined proportionally more by mandatory policies than people’s awareness about the severity of the epidemic. These results have at least two policy implications. First, governments should adopt mandatory measures in order to increase physical distancing – rather than expect people to adopt them on their own. Second, the timing of adopting them is important, since people are unlikely to comply with them for long periods of time.
PMC7321049; Percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy for saturating influx of COVID-19 patients: Experience of military ENT physicians deployed in Mulhouse, France	Morvan,  JB,  Rivière, et al	Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis	Infection Prevention and Control/ Prévention et contrôle des infections (IPAC/PCI) Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	The main objective was to demonstrate the feasibility of percutaneous tracheostomy performed under difficult conditions by military ENT physicians during their deployment in the military intensive care field hospital of the French Military Medical Service in Mulhouse to confront the exceptional COVID-19 pandemic. The secondary objective was to assess reliability and safety for patient and caregivers, with a risk of iatrogenic viral contamination. ighteen consecutively included patients had successfully undergone percutaneous tracheostomy despite unfavorable anatomical conditions (short neck: 83.3%, overweight or obese: 88.9%). Median time to completion was 11 days after intubation, with an average duration of 7 minutes. The procedure was technically compliant in 83.3% of cases, and considered easy (on self-assessment) in 72.2%, with 2 minor per-procedural complications. No crossover to surgery was required. There was only 1 major post-procedural complication (late hemorrhage). This study showed the feasibility of percutaneous tracheostomy by an ENT physician under COVID-19 biohazard conditions. The technique was fast, easy and safe and met safety requirements for patient and staff.
The effect of COVID-19 on essential surgical admissions in South Africa: A retrospective observational analysis of admissions before and during lockdown at a tertiary healthcare complex	Moustakis,  J,  Piperidis, et al	S Afr Med J	Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	This study aims to determine whether admissions for urgent and emergency surgical pathologies have declined during the COVID-19 lockdown period, and the magnitude of the decline. There was a 44% reduction in the incidence of non-trauma admissions during lockdown (IRR 0.56; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.47 - 0.68; p<0.001) and a 53% reduction in the incidence of trauma-related admissions (IRR 0.47; 95% CI 0.34 - 0.66; p<0.001).
A Stance Data Set on Polarized Conversations on Twitter about the Efficacy of Hydroxychloroquine as a Treatment for COVID-19	Mutlu,  EC,  O	ArXiv	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	we present a stance data set, COVID-CQ, of user-generated content on Twitter in the context of COVID-19. We investigated more than 14 thousands tweets and manually annotated the opinions of the tweet initiators regarding the use of "chloroquine" and "hydroxychloroquine" for the treatment or prevention of COVID-19. To the best of our knowledge, COVID-CQ is the first data set of Twitter users' stances in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the largest Twitter data set on users' stances towards a claim, in any domain. We have made this data set available to the research community via GitHub. We expect this data set to be useful for many research purposes, including stance detection, evolution and dynamics of opinions regarding this outbreak, and changes in opinions in response to the exogenous shocks such as policy decisions and events.
Elevated FiO(2) increases SARS-CoV-2 co‑receptor expression in respiratory tract epithelium	Myti,  D,  Gunjak, et al	Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol	Coronavirology| Coronavirologie	Steady-state mRNA levels for genes encoding these SARS-CoV-2 receptors were assessed in the lungs of mouse pups chronically exposed to elevated FiO2, and in the lungs of preterm-born human infants chronically managed with an elevated FiO2. These two scenarios served as models of chronic elevated FiO2 exposure. Additionally, SARS-CoV-2 receptor expression was assessed in primary human nasal, tracheal, esophageal, bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells, as well as primary mouse alveolar type II cells exposed to elevated oxygen concentrations. Whilst gene expression of ACE2 was unaffected, gene and protein expression of TMPRSS11D was consistently upregulated by exposure to an elevated FiO2. These data highlight the need for further studies that examine the relative contribution of the various viral co receptors on the infection cycle, and point to oxygen supplementation as a potential risk factor for COVID-19.
Dealing with Covid-19 infections in Kolkata, India: A GIS based risk analysis and implications for future scenarios	Nath,  Bibhash,  Majumder, et al	medRxiv	Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie	this paper analyzes demographic data to predict vulnerable areas in Kolkata metropolitan city that houses nearly one-third of its population in slums and one-fifth below poverty level, under compromised living conditions. The analysis revealed that the highest risk areas are located in the east and west of the city, the area to a great extent overlapped with wards containing larger share of population below poverty level and are also living in slums. The analysis of publicly accessible Covid-19 case records and containment zones data indicate the hardest hit areas lies in the central Kolkata and several wards along the eastern and northeastern border of the Kolkata Municipal Corporation. The data further revealed that the virus infections have extended to the south Kolkata with increasing number of broad-based containment zones with heightened cases. The analysis of demographic characteristics of the hardest hit wards revealed that not a single variables are directly associated with the increase in the number of containment for a particular ward.
Social distancing and living conditions in the pandemic COVID-19 in Salvador-Bahia, Brazil	Natividade,  MDS,  Bernardes, et al	Cien Saude Colet	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique	This study aims to analyze the trend of social distancing in this pandemic and its relationship with the context of living conditions in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. An ecological study with spatial distribution was conducted. The municipality's Social Distancing Index and the Living Conditions Index were calculated. Global and Local Moran Indices were employed to assess the degree of spatial dependence and autocorrelation. Fluctuations were observed in the social distancing levels during the analyzed period, with higher distancing percentages in neighborhoods with more favorable living conditions.
Surgical Support for Severe COVID-19 Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study in a French High-Density COVID-19 Cluster	Noll,  E,  Muccioli, et al	Surg Innov	Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	This work aims at describing the collaborative efforts between the ICU care team and the Surgical Task Force (STF) during a surge of ICU activity in a University Hospital in a French high-density COVID-19 cluster. The STF attempted 415 phone calls for 55 patients’ families, 237 mobilizations of patients requiring prone positions, follow-up of 20 patients requiring medevac, and contribution to ethical discussion for 2 patients. The mean (SD) daily number of successful phones calls, ethical discussions, mobilizations of patients requiring prone positions and medevac follow-up were 18 (7), .1 (.4), 10 (7), and 2 (3), respectively. No actions for discharge summaries writing were required. The maximum number of daily mobilizations for patients requiring prone positions was 25. The maximum number of daily attempted phone calls and successful phone calls were 37 and 26, respectively. Surgeons’ technical and nontechnical skills represented an effective support for ICU teams during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Prevalence and predictors of depression, anxiety and stress symptoms among pregnant women during COVID-19-related lockdown in Abakaliki, Nigeria	Nwafor,  Johnbosco Ifunanya,  Okedo-Alex, et al	medRxiv	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	This study aims to determine the prevalence and predictors of COVID-19-related depression, anxiety and stress symptoms among pregnant women in Abakaliki, Nigeria. Severe and extremely severe depression were reported in 33 (7.2%) and 29 (6.4%) participants respectively. 15 (3.3%) and 35 (7.7%) women had severe and extremely severe anxiety respectively. 105 (23%) had severe anxiety whereas 76 (16.7%) reported extremely severe stress. Multiparity (2 - 4) and occupations such as trading and farming were predictors of depression whereas grandmultiparity, urban residence and trading were identified as predictors of anxiety and stress.
Mass Outdoor Events and the Spread of an Airborne Virus: English Football and COVID-19	Olczak,  Matthew,  Reade, et al	SSRN- Lancet prepublication	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Transmission	We investigate the impact of regular mass outdoor meetings on the spread of a virus by considering football matches in England in February and March 2020 and the spread of COVID-19 into April 2020. We find evidence that mass outdoor events were consistent with more cases and deaths, even after controlling for measurable characteristics of local areas. We find that a football match is consistent with around six additional COVID-19 cases per 100,000 people, two additional COVID-19 deaths per 100,000 people, and three additional excess deaths per 100,000 people.
Pharmacoinformatics and hypothetical studies on allicin, curcumin, and gingerol as potential candidates against COVID-19-associated proteases	Oso,  BJ,  Adeoye, et al	J Biomol Struct Dyn	Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Therapeutics| Thérapeutique	This study demonstrated the putative inhibitory potential of curcumin, allicin, and gingerol towards cathepsin K, COVID-19 main protease, and SARS-CoV 3 C-like protease.
Effectiveness of containment measures to control the spread of COVID-19 in North Africa	Ouchetto,  O,  Drissi Bourhanbour, et al	Disaster Med Public Health Prep	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	The main objective was to report and evaluate the effectiveness of the adopted measures in North Africa countries. In these countries, the effective reproductive number R(t), the naïve case fatality rate, and the adjust case fatality rate were estimated and compared on different dates. The obtained results show that the early strict application of containment measures and confinement could help contain the spread of the epidemic and maintain the number of deaths low.
Viral and Bacterial Pneumonia Detection using Artificial Intelligence in the Era of COVID-19	Ozsoz ,  M,  Ibrahim, et al	Research Square prepub	Clinical data| Données cliniques Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes	We proposed the use of Deep Learning approach based on Pretrained AlexNet Model for classification of COVID-19, non-COVID-19 viral pneumonia, bacterial pneumonia and normal Chest X-rays Images (CXR) scans obtained from different public databases. For COVID-19 pneumonia and healthy CXR images, the model achieved 99.16% accuracy, 97.44% sensitivity and 100% Specificity. For classification of COVID-19 pneumonia and non-COVID-19 viral pneumonia, the model achieved 99.62% accuracy, 90.63% sensitivity and 99.89% Specificity. For multiclass datasets the model achieved 94.00% accuracy, 91.30% sensitivity and 84.78% specificity for COVID-19, bacterial pneumonia and healthy. For 4 classes (COVID-19, non-COVID-19 viral pneumonia, bacterial pneumonia and healthy, the model achieved accuracy of 93.42%, sensitivity of 89.18% and specificity of 98.92%.
Impact of lockdown on Covid-19 case fatality rate and viral mutations spread in 7 countries in Europe and North America	Pachetti,  M,  Marini, et al	J Transl Med	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	In this study we analyse how different lockdown strategies and PCR testing capability adopted by Italy, France, Germany, Spain, Sweden, UK and USA have influenced the Case Fatality Rate and the viral mutations spread. We notice the stabilization of a clear pattern of mutations at sites nt241, nt3037, nt14408 and nt23403. A novel nonsynonymous SARS-CoV-2 mutation in the spike protein (nt24368) has been found in genomes sequenced in Sweden, which enacted a soft lockdown strategy. Strict lockdown strategies together with a wide diagnostic PCR testing of the population were correlated with a relevant decline of the case fatality rate in different Countries.
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on cancer care delivery : A Real World Experience	Pandey,  Avinash,  Rani, et al	medRxiv	Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	To evaluate the change in Day Care Chemotherapy (DCC) and Out Patient Department (OPD) patient numbers before and after COVID-19 national lockdown. 3192 DCC and 8209 OPD visits were recorded in 126 working days.Breast (17%) and Gall bladder( 15%) were the most common cancers receiving chemotherapy. There was a significant decrease in number of DCC delivered in post COVID lockdown.  Similarly, there was a significant decrease in number of OPD visits in post COVID lockdown. The odds of receiving weekly chemotherapy over non weekly regimes significantly decreased post COVID lockdown.
Comparative performance of five commercially available serologic assays to detect antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and identify individuals with high neutralizing titers	Patel,  Eshan,  Bloch, et al	medRxiv	Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes	This study compared the performance of commercial enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) to detect IgG or total antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and neutralizing antibodies (nAb). The diagnostic accuracy of five commercially available EIAs (Abbott, Euroimmun, EDI, ImmunoDiagnostics, and Roche) to detect IgG or total antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 was evaluated from cross-sectional samples of potential convalescent plasma (CCP) donors that had prior molecular confirmation of SARS-CoV-2 infection for sensitivity (n=214) and pre-pandemic emergency department patients for specificity (n=1,102). When performed according to the manufacturers’ protocol to detect IgG or total antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, the sensitivity of each EIA ranged from 76.4% to 93.9%, and the specificity of each EIA ranged from 87.0% to 99.6%.
Prevalence Of Anosmia And Dysgeusia In Patients Of COVID–19 In A Dedicated Covid Hospital	Pathak ,  VK,  Saxena, et al	Research Square prepub	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	In view of understanding the symptoms of this critical disease,we have conducted this study to evaluate the prevalence of otorhinolaryngological symptoms of dysgeusia and anosmia in patients afflicted by COViD-19
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward the novel coronavirus among Bangladeshis: Implications for mitigation measures	Paul,  A,  Sikdar, et al	PLoS One	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	This study assessed KAP in relation to COVID-19 in Bangladesh. An online survey using a pre-tested questionnaire conducted in late March 2020 attained 1,837 responses across Bangladesh. Ultimately, 1,589 completed responses were included in a statistical analysis to calculate KAP scores and their interrelations with sociodemographic variables. The overall KAP was poor, with only 33% of the participants demonstrating good knowledge, whereas 52.4% and 44.8% of the subjects showed good attitudes and practices, respectively. Sociodemographic factors had strong bearings on the KAP scores. Significantly higher KAP scores were evident in females over males, among aged 45 years and older over younger participants, and among retired workers and homemakers over students and public service employees.
PREDICTIVE VALUE OF SMELL AND TASTE TEST VS PCR-RT SARS-COV-2 AND RAPID DIAGNOSTIC TESTS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF INFECTION BY COVID-19. A PROSPECTIVE MULTI-CENTRIC STUDY	Pieruzzini,  Rosalinda,  Ayala, et al	medRxiv	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	Objective:  to evaluate the predictive value of the smell and taste test and its association with the results of SARS-CoV-2 PCR-RT and rapid diagnostic tests. 248 patients divided into 3 groups: asymptomatic, symptomatic without chemosensory disorders, and chemosensory disorders alone. 20.56% of patients had smell and taste disorders to a variable degree and were positive by SARS-CoV-PCR-RT. 2.15.3% of patients with chemosensory disorders were negative for COVID-19. The positive predictive value of the smell and taste test was 57.3; Sensitivity 41.13% and specificity 69.35%.
Computational screening of repurposed drugs and natural products against SARS-Cov-2 main protease (Mpro) as potential COVID-19 therapies	Piplani,  S,  S	ArXiv	Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Therapeutics| Thérapeutique	Here we show how a fast and robust computational process can be used to screen large libraries of drugs and natural compounds to identify those that may inhibit the main protease of SARS-Cov-2 (3CL pro, Mpro). We show how the resulting shortlist of candidates with strongest binding affinities is highly enriched in compounds that have been independently identified as potential antivirals against COVID-19. The top candidates also include a substantial number of drugs and natural products not previously identified as having potential COVID-19 activity, thereby providing additional targets for experimental validation.
Spike mutation D614G alters SARS-CoV-2 fitness and neutralization susceptibility	Plante,  JessicaA,  Liu, et al	bioRxiv	Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Animal model | Modèle animal	Here we engineer the D614G mutation in the SARS-CoV-2 USA-WA1/2020 strain and characterize its effect on viral replication, pathogenesis, and antibody neutralization. The D614G mutation significantly enhances SARS-CoV-2 replication on human lung epithelial cells and primary human airway tissues, through an improved infectivity of virions with the spike receptor-binding domain in an “up” conformation for binding to ACE2 receptor.
An intestinal cell type in zebrafish is the nexus for the SARS-CoV-2 receptor and the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System that contributes to COVID-19 comorbidities	Postlethwait,  John,  Farnsworth, et al	bioRxiv	Coronavirology| Coronavirologie	Results showed that most human Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) genes have an ortholog in zebrafish and some have two or more co-orthologs. Results further identified a specific intestinal cell type in zebrafish larvae as the site of expression for key RAAS components, including Ace, Ace2, the coronavirus co-receptor Slc6a19, and the Angiotensin-related peptide cleaving enzymes Anpep and Enpep. Results also identified specific vascular cell subtypes as expressing Ang II receptors, apelin, and apelin receptor genes. These results identify specific genes and cell types to exploit zebrafish as a disease model for understanding the mechanisms leading to COVID-19 comorbidities.
Response to: 'Correspondence on 'Interleukin-6 blockade with subcutaneous tocilizumab in severe COVID-19 pneumonia and hyperinflammation: a case-control study' by Potere et al' by Buckley	Potere,  N,  Di Nisio, et al	Ann Rheum Dis	Clinical data| Données cliniques Therapeutics| Thérapeutique	We conducted a post hoc analysis to assess whether the benefits observed with subcutaneous tocilizumab (324 mg, given as two simultaneous 162 mg doses) may be attributable to concurrent corticosteroid treatment in the subgroup of patients with severe COVID-19 and hyperinflammation receiving both drugs. When stratifying patients according to corticosteroid use, subcutaneous tocilizumab was associated with reduced mortality in the stratum on corticosteroid therapy (log-rank Mantel-Cox χ2 8.445, p=0.004), and not in patients who did not receive corticosteroids, suggesting that the combination of corticosteroids and tocilizumab may increase the clinical benefits observed in the tocilizumab plus standard of care group.
The Impact of COVID-19 pandemic Lockdown on the utilization of acute surgical care, retrospective, multicenter analysis	Presl,  J,  V	Research Square prepub	Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	This study is a retrospective, multicentre analysis of the general surgery emergency operations performed during the 2020 Lockdown and in the same period of 2019 in three centers covering the surgical care of the area Salzburg-North, Austria. In total 165 emergency surgeries were performed in the study period of 2020 compared to 287 in Year 2019. This is a significant decrease of 122 (42.5%) emergency surgeries during the COVID-19 Lockdown (p=0.005). The average length of hospital stay in the 2019 was in median 4 days and was reduced to 3 days during the Lockdown. Appendectomy remained the most performed emergency surgery for the both periods but the operations count reduced to less than a half with 72 cases in 2019 and 33 cases in 2020 (p=0.118).
ISARIC COVID-19 Clinical Data Report: 13 July 2020	Pritchard,  Mark,  Dankwa, et al	medRxiv	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques Surveillance	ISARIC (International Severe Acute Respiratory and emerging Infections Consortium) collaborators recorded symptoms from nearly 60,000 patients in hospital with COCID-19. Most had fever, cough or shortness of breath. Children and older adults were less likely to display typical symptoms, and over 40% of patients >80 years experienced confusion.  For the 60,430 cases who meet eligibility criteria for this report: The median age is 73 years.  A total of 16% of patients were admitted at some point during their illness into an intensive care unit.  Antibiotic use is high (83.1% of patients received antibiotics - the choice of antibiotic and specific indication have not yet been determined.). Fever, shortness of breath, a non-productive cough and fatigue were the most common symptoms. Altered consciousness/confusion was also relatively frequent (14,284/60,430) and most common in elderly patients. Overall, elderly patients are less likely to present with URTI symptoms.
Do Lockdowns Bring about Additional Mortality Benefits or Costs? Evidence based on Death Records from 300 Million Chinese People	Qi,  Jinlei,  Zhang, et al	medRxiv	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique	Using comprehensive death records covering around 300 million Chinese people, we estimate the impacts of city and community lockdowns on non-COVID-19 mortality outside of Wuhan. Employing a difference-in-differences method, we find that lockdowns reduced the number of non-COVID-19 deaths by 4.9% (cardiovascular deaths by 6.2%, injuries by 9.2%, and non-COVID-19 pneumonia deaths by 14.3%). The health benefits are likely driven by significant reductions in air pollution, traffic, and human interactions.
TThe challenge of COVID-19 low disease prevalence for artificial intelligence models: report of 1,610 patients	Quattrocchi,  CC,  Mallio, et al	Quant Imaging Med Surg	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes	Between February 17th and May 24th 2020, the AI dedicated server received and consecutively assessed 1,610 chest CT scans. Of these, 37.8% (608/1,610) were labeled as suspected COVID-19 cases by AI, reaching the zenith of new cases in the week of March 23rd–29th. Noteworthy, despite inter-regional differences, the prevalence of new cases in the AI database mirrored what was observed at national level as registered by the Istituto Superiore di Sanità (the zenith of daily new cases of COVID-19 in Italy was on March 23rd). During the following weeks, despite a decreased prevalence of COVID-19 in Italy (down to 11% of the number of cases at the zenith on May 24th), the number of suspected cases identified by AI remained relatively high (41% of the number of cases at the zenith in the population assessed by AI
Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Palestine: a cross-sectional seroepidemiological study	Qutob,  Nouar,  Awartani, et al	medRxiv	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Immunology | Immunologie	The purpose of this study is to assess the seroprevalence rate in the Palestinian population residing in the West Bank. Blood samples were collected between 15th June 2020 and 30th June 2020 from 1355 individuals from randomly selected households in the West Bank in addition to 1136 individuals visiting Palestinian medical laboratories between the 1st May 2020 and 9th July 2020 for a routine checkup. Out of the 2491 blood samples collected, serological tests for 2455 adequate serum samples were done using an Immunoassay for qualitative detection of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 .The random sample of Palestinians living in the West Bank yielded 0% seroprevalence with 95% CI [0,0.0036], while the lab referrals sample yielded an estimated seroprevalence of 0.354% with 95% CI [0.0011,0096].
Course of the first month of the COVID 19 outbreak in the New York State counties	Rǎdulescu,  A	PLoS One	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique	We illustrate and study the evolution of reported infections over the month of March in New York State as a whole, as well as in each individual county in the state. We identify piecewise exponential trends, and search for correlations between the timing and dynamics of these trends and statewide mandated measures on testing and social distancing. We conclude that the reports on April 1 may be dramatically under-representing the actual number of statewide infections, an idea which is supported by more recent retroactive estimates based on serological studies.
SARS-CoV-2 targets neurons of 3D human brain organoids	Ramani,  A,  Müller, et al	Embo j	Clinical data| Données cliniques Coronavirology| Coronavirologie	Here, we show that a Düsseldorf isolate of SARS‐CoV‐2 enters 3D human brain organoids within two days of exposure. We identified that SARS‐CoV‐2 preferably targets neurons of brain organoids. Imaging neurons of organoids reveal that SARS‐CoV‐2 exposure is associated with altered distribution of Tau from axons to soma, hyperphosphorylation, and apparent neuronal death.
Proposing a fungal metabolite-flaviolin as a potential inhibitor of 3CL(pro) of novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 identified using docking and molecular dynamics	Rao,  P,  Shukla, et al	J Biomol Struct Dyn	Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Therapeutics| Thérapeutique	Using computational approach, we intend to identify a probable natural fungal metabolite to interact and inhibit 3CLpro. Here after performing docking and molecular dynamics of various small molecules derived as a secondary metabolite from fungi, we propose Flaviolin as potent inhibitor of 3CLpro of novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.
microFLOQ® Direct: a helpful tool for the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 rapid detection without RNA purification	Recipon,  M,  P	Research Square prepub	Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes	we report the successful use of a sampling tool for COVID-19 diagnosis named microFLOQ® Direct (MFD). Hundred upper respiratory specimens sampled from patients with potential COVID-19 were evaluated using MFD, and results were compared to the results obtained by standard sampling procedure using dry swabs and physiologic serum as the transport medium. MFD results compared to results issued from the classic RNA purification and amplification steps from transport medium showed that MFD can be directly used for RT-PCR analysis without the preliminary inactivation and extraction steps.
Severe immunosuppression and not a cytokine storm characterizes COVID-19 infections	Remy,  KE,  Mazer, et al	JCI Insight	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques Immunology | Immunologie	ELISpot, a highly sensitive, functional immunoassay, was employed in 27 patients with COVID-19, 51 patients with sepsis, 18 critically ill nonseptic (CINS) patients, and 27 healthy control volunteers to evaluate adaptive and innate immune status by quantitating T cell IFN-ɣ and monocyte TFN-α production. Circulating T cell subsets were profoundly reduced in COVID-19 patients. Additionally, stimulated blood mononuclear cells produced less than 40%–50% of the IFN-ɣ and TNF-α observed in septic and CINS patients, consistent with markedly impaired immune effector cell function. Approximately 25% of COVID-19 patients had increased IL-6 levels that were not associated with elevations in other canonical proinflammatory cytokines. Collectively, these findings support the hypothesis that COVID-19 suppresses host functional adaptive and innate immunity. Importantly, IL-7 administered ex vivo restored T cell IFN-ɣ production in COVID-19 patients. Thus, ELISpot may functionally characterize host immunity in COVID-19 and inform prospective therapies.
Risk Factors for ICU Admission, Mechanical Ventilation and Mortality in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 in Hubei, China	Ren,  Hong Gang,  Guo, et al	medRxiv	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	Purpose: To examine the risk factors for Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission, mechanical ventilation and mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. This was a retrospective cohort study including 432 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 who were admitted to three medical centers in Hubei province from January 1st to April 10th 2020. Of the 432 confirmed patients, 9.5% were admitted to the ICU, 27.3% required mechanical ventilation, and 33.1% died.  The following were associated with increased odds of death: age > 65 years, severe disease at baseline, current smoker, temperature >39 at baseline, more than one comorbidity, bilateral patchy shadowing on chest CT or X-ray and organ failure.  Total leukocyte count was higher in survivors compared with those who died, but lymphocyte counts were lower. D-dimer was significantly higher in patients who died compared to survivors.
Spatial analysis of the COVID-19 distribution pattern in São Paulo State, Brazil	Rex,  FE,  Borges, et al	Cien Saude Colet	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie	Here, we report through spatial analysis the spatial pattern of the COVID-19 outbreak. The study site was the State of São Paulo, Brazil.  The spatial pattern of COVID-19 pandemic could be observed in São Paulo State, in which its metropolitan region standed out with the greatest cases, being classified as a hotspot. In addition, the main highways and airports that connect the capital to the cities with the highest population density were classified as medium density areas by the Kernel Density method.It indicates a gradual expansion from the capital to the interior.
Induction of a regulatory myeloid program in bacterial sepsis and severe COVID-19	Reyes,  Miguel,  Filbin, et al	bioRxiv	Clinical data| Données cliniques Immunology | Immunologie	We found that blood plasma from bacterial sepsis or COVID-19 patients with severe disease induces emergency myelopoiesis and expression of the MS1 program, which are dependent on the cytokines IL-6 and IL-10.
Quantitative SARS-CoV-2 Serology in Children With Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome (MIS-C)	Rostad,  CA,  Chahroudi, et al	Pediatrics	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques Immunology | Immunologie	We aimed to measure SARS-CoV-2 serologic responses in children hospitalized with multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) compared to COVID-19, Kawasaki Disease (KD) and hospitalized pediatric controls. From March 17, 2020 - May 26, 2020, we prospectively identified hospitalized children at Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta with MIS-C (n=10), symptomatic COVID-19 (n=10), KD (n=5), and hospitalized controls (n=4). All children with MIS-C had high titers of SARS-CoV-2 RBD IgG antibodies.  Children with MIS-C had significantly higher SARS-CoV-2 RBD IgG antibody titers. All children with MIS-C also had detectable RBD IgM antibodies, indicating recent SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Urgent data for COVID-19 are needed for a scientific design of social distancing	Rosti,  ME,  O	ArXiv	Transmission Public Health Priorities| Priorités de santé publique	Here, we demonstrate that available knowledge is largely inadequate to make predictions on the reach of infectious droplets emitted during a cough and on their infectious potential. We follow the position and evaporation of thousands of respiratory droplets by massive state-of-the-art numerical simulations of the airflow caused by a typical cough. We find that different initial distributions of droplet size taken from literature and different ambient relative humidity lead to opposite conclusions: (1) most vs none of the viral content settles in the first 1-2 m; (2) viruses are carried entirely on dry nuclei vs on liquid droplets; (3) small droplets travel less than 2.5 m vs more than 7.5 m. We point to two key issues that need to be addressed urgently in order to provide a scientific foundation to social distancing rules: (I1) a careful characterisation of the initial distribution of droplet sizes; (I2) the infectious potential of viruses carried on dry nuclei vs liquid droplets.
Impact of temperature on Covid 19 in India	Roy,  ManasP	medRxiv	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie	The role of temperature in Covid 19 pandemic has been subjected to frequent review. An effort was made to find out such relations from three districts in India. Data were analyzed for 14 weeks. It appears that temperature could impact the spread of the pandemic.
PMC7427122; Dynamic Asymmetry Exposes 2019-nCoV Prefusion Spike	Roy,  S,  Jaiswar, et al	J Phys Chem Lett	Coronavirology| Coronavirologie	In this study, a symmetry-information-loaded structure-based Hamiltonian is developed using recent Cryo-EM structural data to explore the complete conformational energy landscape of the full-length prefusion spike protein. The study finds the 2019-nCoV prefusion spike to adopt a unique strategy by undertaking a dynamic conformational asymmetry that results in two prevalent asymmetric structures of spike where one or two spike heads rotate up to provide better exposure to the host-cell receptor. A few unique interchain interactions are identified at the interface of closely associated N-terminal domain (NTD) and receptor binding domain (RBD) playing a crucial role in the thermodynamic stabilization of the up conformation of the RBD in the case of the 2019-nCoV spike.
PMC7309792; Impact of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic on private ENT consulting practice during the first month of lockdown in Réunion Island in 2020	Rubin,  F,  Vellin, et al	Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis	Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	The objective of this multicenter prospective study was to analyze the impact of the first month of lockdown related to the 2020 SARS-Cov-2 epidemic on the consulting activity of private ENT physicians in Réunion Island, France. The number, characteristics, and conditions of consultations are reported, along with presenting symptoms, diagnosis, and prescriptions. The incidence of adverse effects was 0.001%. None of the physicians or patients seemed to have been infected by Covid-19 during the study period. There was a 47.3-91% (median, 75.6%) drop in monthly consultation turnover.
Covid-19 SEIDRD Modelling for Pakistan with implementation of seasonality, healthcare capacity and behavioral risk reduction	Saadat,  Shoab,  Mansoor, et al	medRxiv	Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique	The objective of this study was to create a new computational epidemiological model for Pakistan by implementing symptomatology, healthcare capacity and behavioural risk reduction mathematically to predict of Covid-19 case trends and effects of changes in community characteristics and policy measures. The SEIDRD model showed  that if the smart lockdown measures were to end, the cases are expected to show a rise from 28th August 2020 onwards reaching a second peak around 28th September 2020. It was also seen that increasing the ICU bed capacity  will not make a significant difference in active case number. Another simulation for a vaccination schedule of 100000 vaccines per day was created which showed a decrease in covid cases in a slow manner over a period of months rather than days.
Computational evidence on repurposing the anti-influenza drugs baloxavir acid and baloxavir marboxil against COVID-19	Sahoo,  SK,  V	ArXiv	Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Therapeutics| Thérapeutique	In this communication, molecular docking analyses of two influenza antiviral drugs baloxavir acid (BXA) and baloxavir marboxil (BXM) were performed with the three therapeutic target proteins of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The computational molecular docking revealed that the drug BXA may be more effective against COVID-19 as compared to BXM..
Evaluation of the Criteria Adopted to Identify Suspected Cases of COVID-19 in the Emergency Department Service of a Referral Palliative Oncology Care Unit	Sampaio,  Sgdsm,  Dias, et al	Am J Hosp Palliat Care	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes	The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of clinical criteria adopted to identify suspected cases of COVID-19 by the emergency department (ED) in the palliative oncology care unit (PCU). During the period, 327 patients were admitted from ED. Of these, 69 (21%) were considered suspects, of whom 34 (49%) tested positive for COVID-19. The sensitivity of the clinical criterion to identify suspected cases was 87%, specificity was 88%, positive predictive value was 49%, negative was 98% and accuracy was 88%
Healthcare professionals' perceptions of critical care resource availability and factors associated with mental well-being during COVID-19: Results from a US survey	Sharma,  M,  Creutzfeldt, et al	Clin Infect Dis	Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	The objective of this study was to assess the impact of COVID-19 on intensive care unit (ICU) providers' perceptions of resource availability and evaluate factors associated with emotional distress/burnout to inform interventions to promote provider well-being. The authors found that addressing insufficient PPE access, poor communication from supervisors, and community stigma may improve provider mental well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Mental healthcare and service user impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: results of a UK survey of staff working with people with intellectual disability and developmental disorders	Sheehan,  Rory,  Dalton-Locke, et al	medRxiv	Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	We investigated the responses of 648 staff working in mental healthcare with people with intellectual disabilities and/or developmental disabilities in the UK. Major concerns expressed by mental healthcare staff were: difficulties for service users due to lack of access to usual support networks and health and social care services during the pandemic; and difficulties maintaining adequate levels of support secondary to increased service user need. Staff reported having to quickly adopt new digital ways of working was challenging; nevertheless, free text responses identified remote working as the innovation that staff would most like to retain after the pandemic subsides.
A Simplified Quantitative Real-Time PCR Assay for Monitoring SARS-CoV-2 Growth in Cell Culture	Shema Mugisha,  C,  Vuong, et al	mSphere	Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes Therapeutics| Thérapeutique	Here, we developed a simplified quantitative real-time PCR assay that bypasses viral RNA extraction steps and can monitor SARS-CoV-2 growth from a small amount of cell culture supernatants. Using this assay in a proof-of-concept screen, we found that E64D, apilimod, EIPA, and remdesivir can substantially impede SARS-Cov-2 replication
Quantifying the Risk of Indoor Drainage System in Multi-unit Apartment Building as a Transmission Route of SARS-CoV-2	Shi,  Kuang-wei,  Huang, et al	medRxiv	Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Transmission	A quantitative microbial risk assessment was conducted to estimate the health risks associated with two aerosol exposure scenarios: 1) toilet flushing, and 2) faulty connection of a floor drain with the building main sewer pipe. The probability of COVID-19 illness was generated using the dose-response model for SARS-CoV-1, a close relative of SARS-CoV-2, that was responsible for the SARS outbreak in 2003. The results indicate the median risks of developing COVID-19 for a single day exposure is 1.11 x 10^-10 and 3.52 x 10^-11 for toilet flushing and faulty drain scenario, respectively. The worst case scenario predicted the high end of COVID-19 risk for the toilet flushing scenario was 5.78 x 10^-4 (at 95th percentile). The infectious viral loads in human feces are the most sensitive input parameter and contribute significantly to model uncertainty.
Ultra-low-dose chest CT imaging of COVID-19 patients using a deep residual neural network	Shiri,  I,  Akhavanallaf, et al	Eur Radiol	Clinical data| Données cliniques Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes	The current study aimed to design an ultra-low-dose CT examination protocol using a deep learning approach suitable for clinical diagnosis of COVID-19 patients. The results demonstrated that the deep learning algorithm is capable of predicting standard full-dose CT images with acceptable quality for the clinical diagnosis of COVID-19 positive patients with substantial radiation dose reduction.
Biologic agents for rheumatic diseases in the break of COVID-19: friend or foe?	Sieiro Santos,  Cristiana,  Casas Fernandez, et al	medRxiv	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	The objective of this retrospective observational study was to estimate COVID19 infection rate in patients treated with biologic agents for rheumatic inflammatory diseases, determine the influence of biologic agents treatment as a risk or protective factor and studying the prognosis of rheumatic patients receiving biologic agents compared to general population in a third level Hospital setting in Leon, Spain. Our findings suggest that use of biological therapy does not associate with severe manifestations of COVID19, and it is likely to have a protective effect against them when compared to the general population.
Excess mortality in Brazil in times of Covid-19	Silva,  GAE,  Jardim, et al	Cien Saude Colet	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie	Given the growing number of deaths due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil, this study presents an initial and exploratory descriptive analysis of the excess mortality observed from March to May 2020 in capitals and other municipalities. The results showed 39,146 excess deaths for the period studied and is higher among men. This increase was more significant among the capitals of the North, Northeast, and Southeast regions. In the other municipalities in these regions, the increase was observed in May, indicating a possible inland-bound COVID-19 transmission.
Optimal control of the COVID-19 pandemic: controlled sanitary deconfinement in Portugal	Silva,  SJ,  C	ArXiv	Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique	With a mathematical deterministic model, described by a system of ordinary differential equations, we fit the real evolution of COVID-19 in Portugal. It is complemented with an analysis of the Portuguese social network, which allows detecting changes in public opinion and provides a feedback to update the model parameters. With this, we apply control theory to maximize the number of people returning to "normal life" and minimizing the number of active infected individuals with minimal economical costs while warranting a low level of hospitalizations. This work allows testing various scenarios of pandemic management ensuring the responsiveness of the health system, thus being a public health decision support tool.
Covariation of Zinc Deficiency with COVID-19 Infections and Mortality in European Countries: Is Zinc Deficiency a Risk Factor for COVID-19?	Singh,  Samer	medRxiv	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	We hypothesized the differential COVID-19 severity observed among European countries could be associated with the Zn-deficiency prevalence. A significant, relatively stable, but negative correlation of Zn-deficiency with cases per million for the time period and a steady improvement of covariation with deaths per million was observed.
Men's feelings and emotions in the Covid-19 framing	Sousa,  AR,  Carvalho, et al	Cien Saude Colet	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	The objective of this Asocial historical, qualitative study was to understand how men's feelings and emotions contribute to the Covid-19 framing in Brazil. Negative feelings and anxiety prevailed due to the knowledge about the growing number of hospitalized patients and deaths from the pandemic conveyed in the news. For men, the optimism is necessary to encourage attitudes with responsibility and trust that the crisis will be overcome.
Estimating Unreported Deaths Associated with COVID-19	Stear,  Benjamin,  Hernandez, et al	medRxiv	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie	Comparing the United States National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) datasets with data compiled by four public pandemic tracking sites on deaths from COVID-19 suggests that a large number of deaths counted by the public data tracking sites have not yet been reported to the NCHS. Estimates using the percentage of deaths from COVID-19 relative to all Natural Causes as reported to the NCHS and the numbers of COVID-19 deaths counted by the public tracking sites suggests that perhaps 20% of deaths from Natural Causes, as many as 200,000, may not yet have been reported to the NCHS.
Sex in the Time of COVID-19: Results of an Online Survey of Gay, Bisexual and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men's Experience of Sex and HIV Prevention During the US COVID-19 Epidemic	Stephenson,  R,  Chavanduka, et al	AIDS Behav	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	This paper presents data from a recent cross-sectional survey of gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) in the US, to understand changes in sexual behavior and access to HIV prevention options (i.e. condoms and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP)) during the COVID-19 lockdown period. High levels of sexual activity continue to be reported during the COVID-19 lockdown period and these high levels of sexual activity are often paralleled by increases in substance use and binge drinking.
Assessing the Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on US Mortality: A County-Level Analysis	Stokes,  AndrewC,  Lundberg, et al	medRxiv	Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie	In this study, we take advantage of spatial variation in Covid-19 mortality across US counties to construct an Ordinary Least Squares regression model estimating its relationship with all-cause mortality. We estimate that 20.4% of excess deaths between February 1 and August 26, 2020 were ascribed to causes of death other than Covid-19 itself. Excess deaths not assigned to Covid-19 were even higher than predicted by our model in counties with high income inequality, low median income, low homeownership, and high percentages of Black residents, showing a pattern related to socioeconomic disadvantage and structural racism.
Modelling the Global Air Quality Conditions in Perspective of COVID-19 Stimulated Lockdown Periods Using Remote Sensing Data	Talukdar,  S,  M	Research Square prepub	Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique	The present work has intended to explore the streams of air quality change based on some quality components and develop a multi-date air quality state (AQS) model for the world in consequence of emergency lockdown. It is very clear from the result that amid lockdown aerosol optical depth (AOD), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone, carbon monoxide (CO), particulate matter (PM2.5), and black carbon (BC) concentration level have been significantly reduced in fully lockdown countries.
Prime-boost protein subunit vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are highly immunogenic in mice and macaques	Tan,  Hyon-Xhi,  Juno, et al	bioRxiv	Vaccine Research| Recherche sur les vaccins Animal model | Modèle animal	Here we assessed prototypic S and RBD subunit vaccines in homologous or heterologous prime-boost regimens in mice and non-human primates. We find S is highly immunogenic in mice, while the comparatively poor immunogenicity of RBD was associated with limiting germinal centre and T follicular helper cell activity. In contrast, both S and RBD vaccines were comparably immunogenic in macaques.
Suicide during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan	Tanaka,  Takanao,  Okamoto, et al	medRxiv	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	We used difference-in-differences estimation to assess if the suicide rate changed during the pandemic in Japan, comparing suicide rates between 2016-2019 (control group) and 2020 (treatment group). We found that the overall suicide rate declined by 13.5% after the outbreak and subsequent measures (i.e., school closure and the state of emergency). While it is evident that suicide rate dropped across all gender and age groups, the decline is more substantial among males than females and among those aged 20-69 years  than those aged below 20 years  and those aged over 70 years.
Rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury in severe COVID-19 infection	Taxbro,  K,  Kahlow, et al	BMJ Case Rep	Clinical data| Données cliniques	We report the case of a 38-year-old man who presented to the emergency department COVID-19 symptoms, was diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 and was subsequently referred to the intensive care unit for intubation and mechanical ventilation. Severe rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury developed 4 days later.  The patient survived and was discharged from intensive care after 12 days, returning home 23 days after hospitalisation, fully mobilised with a partially restored kidney function.
Information on the COVID-19 Pandemic in Daily Newspapers' Front Pages: Case Study of Spain and Italy	Tejedor,  S,  Cervi, et al	Int J Environ Res Public Health	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	This research aims at understanding how the corona crisis has been represented in Spanish and Italian media, focusing on reference newspapers. 72 front pages of newspapers for content analysis and hemerographic analysis. Results show a predominance of informative journalistic genres (especially brief and news), while the visual framing emerging from the photographic choice, tend to foster humanization through an emotional representation of the pandemic. Politicians are the most represented actors, showing a high degree of politicization of the crisis.
Risk factors associated with mortality of COVID-19 in 3125 counties of the United States	Tian,  Ting,  Zhang, et al	medRxiv	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	To find out the risk factors associated with county-level mortality of COVID-19 with various levels of prevalence, a negative binomial design was applied to the county-level mortality counts of COVID-19 as of August 27, 2020 in the United States. The mortality of COVID-19 depended on sex, age, race/ethnicity, and outdoor environment.
PMC7456602; Reduction of ADAMTS13 Levels Predicts Mortality in SARS-CoV-2 Patients	Tiscia,  GL,  Favuzzi, et al	TH Open	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	We aimed at assessing whether A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 13 (ADAMTS13) levels predict mortality in patients with a diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The main finding of this study is that patients with ADAMTS13 activity below 70 U/dL have a higher risk of in-hospital death.
Denovo designing, retrosynthetic analysis, and combinatorial synthesis of a hybrid antiviral (VTAR-01) to inhibit the interaction of SARS-CoV2 spike glycoprotein with human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Tiwari,  V	Biol Open	Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Therapeutics| Thérapeutique	In the present study, we are reporting a denovo designed novel hybrid antiviral 'VT-AR-01' molecule that binds at the interface of RBD-hACE2 interaction. Interaction of spike protein with ACE2 is essential for pathogenesis and infection of this virus; hence, this in-silico designed hybrid antiviral molecule (VT-AR-01) that binds at the interface of RBD-hACE2 may be further developed to control the infection of SARS-CoV2.
Effect of Dexamethasone on Days Alive and Ventilator-Free in Patients With Moderate or Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and COVID-19: The CoDEX Randomized Clinical Trial	Tomazini,  BM,  Maia, et al	Jama	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques Therapeutics| Thérapeutique RCT	The objective of this study was to determine whether intravenous dexamethasone increases the number of ventilator-free days among patients with COVID-19-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). A multicenter, randomized, open-label, clinical trial was conducted in 41 intensive care units (ICUs) in Brazil. The use of intravenous dexamethasone plus standard care compared with standard care alone resulted in a statistically significant increase in the number of ventilator-free days (days alive and free of mechanical ventilation) over 28 days. There was no significant difference in the prespecified secondary outcomes of all-cause mortality at 28 days, ICU-free days during the first 28 days, mechanical ventilation duration at 28 days, or a 6 point ordinal scale measuring severity at 15 days.
PMC7406807; Gastrointestinal involvement in COVID-19 patients: a retrospective study from a Greek COVID-19 referral hospital	Tsibouris,  P,  Ekmektzoglou, et al	Ann Gastroenterol	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	In this study, we retrospectively investigated symptoms and laboratory findings related to the GI system in a single center in Athens, Greece, and assessed the role of these parameters in relation to survival and disease severity. Analysis revealed that elevated serum aspartate aminotransferase levels and low serum albumin levels were associated with worse patient survival  Outpatients with new-onset GI symptoms should be considered for COVID-19 testing in a high COVID-19 prevalence setting.
Asymptomatic cases and limited transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in residents and healthcare workers in three Dutch nursing homes	van Buul,  LauraW,  van den Besselaar, et al	medRxiv	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Transmission Clinical data| Données cliniques	This study confirms a- and presymptomatic occurrence of Covid-19 among residents and health care workers. Ct values below 25 suggested that these cases have the potential to contribute to viral spread.
Expansion of SARS-CoV-2-Specific Antibody-Secreting Cells and Generation of Neutralizing Antibodies in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients	Varnaitė,  R,  García, et al	J Immunol	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques Immunology | Immunologie	In this study, we analyzed Ab-secreting cell and Ab responses in 20 hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Out of the 20 patients, 16 had developed SARS-CoV-2–neutralizing Abs by the time of inclusion in the study. SARS-CoV-2–specific IgA, IgG, and IgM Ab levels positively correlated with SARS-CoV-2–neutralizing Ab titers, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2–specific Ab levels may reflect the titers of neutralizing Abs in COVID-19 patients during the acute phase of infection.
Risk factors of non-adherence to guidelines for the prevention of COVID-19 among young adults with asthma in a region with a high risk of a COVID-19 outbreak	Vázquez-Nava,  F,  Vazquez-Rodriguez, et al	J Asthma	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	We aim to determine the risk factors that limit the adherence of asthmatic patients to measures to prevent COVID-19 among residents of a region with a high risk of a COVID-19 outbreak. The prevalence of asthma was 12.2%, and non-adherence to the guidelines for the prevention of COVID-19 was 53.1%. Approximately 30.8% of asthma patients did not comply with the basic prevention measures for COVID-19.
A Comparison of Covid-19 Patient Characteristics Before versus After Partial Lockdown in Vietnam	Vo,  Hoang-Long,  Nguyen, et al	medRxiv	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique	Report of 569 Covid-19 patients confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection from 23 January to 5 31 July in Vietnam. We divided Covid-19 situation timeline into two main periods, before lockdown end (23 January - 22 April) and after lockdown end (23 April - 31 July).  We found significant variations in the distribution of Covid-19 patients among different provinces between two periods. It is important to suggest that, proactive efforts in Covid-19 control after partial lockdown end will be effective when the measures to closely control and monitor repatriation and immigration via the borders of Vietnam are strictly enforced.
Cross-reactive antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 and seasonal common cold coronaviruses	Vogl,  Thomas,  Klompus, et al	medRxiv	Clinical data| Données cliniques Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes Immunology | Immunologie	Here, we have probed for high resolution antibody binding against all hCoVs represented as 1,539 peptides with a phage-displayed antigen library. We detected broad serum antibody responses against peptides of seasonal hCoVs in up to 75% of individuals. Recovered COVID-19 patients exhibited distinct antibody repertoires targeting variable SARS-CoV-2 epitopes, and could be accurately classified from unexposed individuals.
Are COVID-19 proximity tracing apps working under real-world conditions? Indicator development and assessment of drivers for app (non-)use	von Wyl,  Viktor,  Hoeglinger, et al	medRxiv	Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	The aim of this study was to formalize indicators for measuring the fulfillment of assumptions for appropriate proximity tracing app functioning.  Using official statistics and survey data, we calculated indicator values and examined socio-demographic factors associated with the SwissCovid app utilization. Indicators show that 1 in 3 adults in Switzerland have downloaded the app. However, only 15% of new cases also triggered DPT-app notifications, and indicators also reveal ignored app notifications.
Neurological Disorders Identified during Treatment of a SARS-CoV-2 Infection	Wada,  S,  Nagasaki, et al	Intern Med	Clinical data| Données cliniques	A 69-year-old man was admitted to our hospital under diagnosis of pneumonia due to severe acute respiratory syndrome-corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Neurological disorders including GBS should be considered when intubated SARS-CoV-2 patients present with a loss of cough reflex during the treatment period.
'Immunity Passports' for SARS-CoV-2: an online experimental study of the impact of antibody test terminology on perceived risk and behaviour	Waller,  J,  Rubin, et al	BMJ Open	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	We assess the impact of describing an antibody-positive test result using the terms Immunity and Passport or Certificate, alone or in combination, on perceived risk of becoming infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and protective behaviours. Using the term Immunity (vs Antibody) to describe antibody tests for SARS-CoV-2 increases the proportion of people believing that an antibody-positive result means they have no risk of catching coronavirus in the future, a perception that may be associated with less frequent hand washing.
Adoption of a Contact Tracing App for Containing COVID-19: A Health Belief Model Approach	Walrave,  M,  Waeterloos, et al	JMIR Public Health Surveill	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	The present study investigated factors influencing app use intention, based on the health belief model. In addition, associations with Belgian respondents’ level of news consumption and their health condition were investigated. Initiatives to stimulate the uptake of contact tracing apps should enhance perceived benefits and self-efficacy. A perceived barrier for some potential users is privacy concerns. Therefore, when developing and launching an app, clarification on how individuals’ privacy will be protected is needed.
Excess cardiovascular deaths in the beginning of COVID-19 outbreak	Wang,  Junren,  Zhu, et al	medRxiv	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	We assess the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on cardiovascular disease (CVD) related hospitalizations and mortality. We observed a distinct excess in CVD deaths in the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak in the UK Biobank population. In addition to CVD complications of SARS-CoV-2 infections, the reduced hospital capacity might have contributed to the observed excess CVD deaths.
Hindsight is 2020 vision: a characterisation of the global response to the COVID-19 pandemic	Warne,  DavidJ,  Ebert, et al	medRxiv	Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique	Using Bayesian methods, we analyse the response to the COVID-19 outbreak for 158 countries for the period 22 January to 9 June 2020. This encompasses the period in which many countries imposed a variety of response measures and initial relaxation strategies. We demonstrate the utility of modelling to interpret community behaviour in the early epidemic stages. Two lessons learnt that are important for the future are: i) countries that imposed strict containment measures early in the epidemic fared better with respect to numbers of reported cases; and ii) broader testing is required early in the epidemic to understand the magnitude of undocumented infections and recover rapidly.
Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in children - A prospective multicentre cohort study	Waterfield,  Thomas,  Watson, et al	medRxiv	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	This multicentre observational cohort study, conducted between 16th April - 3rd July 2020 at 5 UK sites, aimed to recruit 900 children aged 2 to 15 years of age. In this study children demonstrated similar antibody titres in response to SARS-CoV-2 irrespective of age. The symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children were subtle but of those reported, fatigue, gastrointestinal symptoms and changes in sense of smell or taste were most strongly associated with antibody positivity.
Systemic corticosteroids and mortality in severe and critical COVID-19 patients in Wuhan, China	Wu,  J,  Huang, et al	J Clin Endocrinol Metab	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques Therapeutics| Thérapeutique	We aim to identify whether corticosteroids were beneficial to COVID-19 patients. Corticosteroid use was not associated with beneficial effect in reducing in-hospital mortality for severe or critical cases in Wuhan.
Towards Improved Social Distancing Guidelines: Space and Time Dependence of Virus Transmission from Speech-driven Aerosol Transport Between Two Individuals	Yang,  Fan,  Pahlavan, et al	medRxiv	Transmission Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique	We consider a local casual interaction of an infected individual and a susceptible individual, both maskless, account for the air flow and aerosol transport characteristics of speaking and breathing, and propose guidelines that involve both space and contact time, based on a conservative model of the interactions.
Bulla Formation and Tension Pneumothorax in a Patient with COVID-19	Yasukawa,  K,  Vamadevan, et al	Am J Trop Med Hyg	Clinical data| Données cliniques	Case report showing that bulla formation and spontaneous pneumothorax is a possible complication of COVID-19. Spontaneous pneumothorax should be considered in a patient with COVID-19 pneumonia who develops chest pain or acute worsening of dyspnea.
Development and calibration of a simple mortality risk score for hospitalized COVID-19 adults	Yoo,  Edwin,  Percha, et al	medRxiv	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	We describe a data-driven, simple, and hand-calculable COVID-specific mortality risk score that has superior performance to comparable tools in a hospitalized COVID-19 patient population.  We provide estimates using various tools for comparison with a large and diverse NYC dataset.
Direct activation of the alternative complement pathway by SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins is blocked by factor D inhibition	Yu,  J,  Yuan, et al	Blood	Coronavirology| Coronavirologie	SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins bind heparan sulfate and activate the alternative complement pathway on cell surfaces. Factor D inhibitor (ACH-145951) blocks the complement activation induced by SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins. C5 inhibition prevents accumulation of C5b-9 in vitro but does not prevent upstream complement activation in response to SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins.
Thyroid surgery during coronavirus-19 pandemic phases I, II and III: lessons learned in China, South Korea, Iran and Italy	Zhang,  D,  Fu, et al	J Endocrinol Invest	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	We compared demographic and clinic-pathological variables related to the number of surgeries for thyroid conditions or for cancer, morbidity, and fine needle aspiration (FNA) practices among Covid19 pandemic phases I, II, III and the same seasonal periods in 2019. The Covid19 outbreak reduced thyroid surgery patient volumes. The decrease of Covid19 emergency plans contributed to unexpected outcomes (reduction of early stage cancer treatment, decreased operative times and hospital stays, increased VCP rate).
Retrospective Analysis of Clinical Features in 134 Coronavirus Disease 2019 Cases	Zhang,  L,  Huang, et al	Epidemiol Infect	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	We aimed to describe the clinical features in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases. We studied 134 critically ill COVID-19 cases from Dec 30, 2019 to Feb 20, 2020 in an Intensive Care Unit at Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital.
Rapid evaluation of neutralizing antibodies in COVID-19 patients	Zhang,  Pingping,  Li, et al	medRxiv	Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes Immunology | Immunologie	Here, an up-conversion phosphor technology-based point-of-care testing (UPT-POCT) and a microneutralization assay were employed to detect total antibodies against the receptor-binding domain of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2) spike protein and NAb activity in COVID-19 patients’ sera, respectively, in order to determine if UPT-POCT could be used as a surrogate method for rapid evaluation of serum NAb activity in COVID-19 patients.
Visual Representation of SARS-CoV-2 Genomes in Multiple Regions on Integrated Maps	Zheng J,  Zhu,  M	Research Square prepub	Coronavirology| Coronavirologie	This paper represents visual results for the B2 module of the MAS. Using four meta genetic variables, multiple probability measures are extracted. Variations between pairs of virus genomes could be measured. Since this is an initial exploration, further explorations on theoretical foundation and specific applications are essential to support applicable theory and the systematic expansion on medical applications for COVID-19 patients.
Visualizations of Combinatorial Entropy Index on Whole SARS-CoV-2 Genomes	Zheng,  J,  Z	Research Square prepub	Coronavirology| Coronavirologie	In this paper, a set of SARS-CoV-2 genomes from four countries are selected for visualizations under the C1 modules of the metagenomic analysis system MAS. Based on the variant construction and the theory of information entropy, the module makes statistics on the number of bases in SARS-CoV-2 sequences to calculate the base probability measures in segments to generate the combinatorial entropy index data from the base probability measures.
Mental Health and Its Predictors during the Early Months of the COVID-19 Pandemic Experience in the United States	Zhou,  Y,  MacGeorge, et al	Int J Environ Res Public Health	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	The current study provides a longitudinal examination of the predictors of self-reported stress, anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic growth for U.S. residents between April and May, 2020, including the influence of demographic, psychosocial, and behavioral factors on these outcomes. The findings indicate that, generally, the early months of the U.S. COVID-19 experience were characterized by a modest negative impact on mental health.
Plasma tissue plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in hospitalized COVID-19 patients	Zuo,  Yu,  Warnock, et al	medRxiv	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	We found markedly elevated levels of tPA and PAI-1 among patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Both factors demonstrated a strong correlation with neutrophil counts and markers of neutrophil activation, but not with D-dimer. High levels of tPA and PAI-1 were associated with worse respiratory status. High levels of tPA, in particular, were also strongly correlated with mortality and with a significant enhancement in spontaneous ex vivo clot lysis.
Pharmacological therapies for patients with human coronavirus infections: a rapid systematic review	Andrade,  KRC,  Carvalho, et al	Cien Saude Colet	Review Literature| Revue de littérature	SR: search in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, BVS, Global Index Medicus, Medrix, bioRxiv, Clinicaltrials.gov and International Clinical Trials Registry Platform databases. In antimalarial, the meta-analysis of two studies with 180 participants did not identify the benefit of hydroxychloroquine concerning the negative viral load via real-time polymerase chain reaction, and the use of antivirals compared to standard care was similar regarding outcomes.
COVID-19: Pathophysiology; Mechanism of Transmission and Possible Molecular Drug Target for Management	Bala,  A,  Sengupta, et al	Curr Mol Pharmacol	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Stigma and Discrimination (SAD) at the Time of the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic	Baldassarre,  A,  Giorgi, et al	Int J Environ Res Public Health	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Lipidomics Issues on Human Positive ssRNA Virus Infection: An Update	Balgoma,  D,  Gil-de-Gómez, et al	Metabolites	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
[SARS-CoV-2 in Latin America and the Caribbean: The three intersections for critical thinking in health]	Basile,  G	Cien Saude Colet	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Effectiveness of the use of non-woven face mask to prevent coronavirus infections in the general population: a rapid systematic review	Camargo,  MC,  Martinez-Silveira, et al	Cien Saude Colet	Review Literature| Revue de littérature	SR: search in Medline, Embase, Cinahl, The Cochrane Library, Trip databases, Google Scholar, Rayyan and medRxivon April 2nd, 2020 and were last updated on April 8, 2020. Evidence points to the potential benefit of standard non-woven face masks. For the current pandemic scenario of COVID-19, education on the appropriate use of masks associated with individual protection measures is recommended.
The pandemic in prison: interventions and overisolation	Carvalho,  SG,  Santos, et al	Cien Saude Colet	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Investigating the effect of national government physical distancing measures on depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic through meta-analysis and meta-regression	Castaldelli-Maia,  Joao,  Marziali, et al	medRxiv	Review Literature| Revue de littérature	MA: Pubmed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, BIOSIS Citation Index, Current Content Connect, PsycINFO, CINAHL, medRxiv, and PsyArXiv databases were searched. Mental health concerns should not be viewed only as a delayed consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic, but also as a concurrent epidemic. Our data provides support for policy-makers to consider real-time enhanced mental health services, and increase initiatives to foster positive mental health outcomes.
A Review on Medical Management of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases during the COVID-19 Pandemic	Chela,  H,  Pasha, et al	J Gastroenterol Hepatol	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
PMC7456766; A meta-analysis of potential biomarkers associated with severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)	Danwang,  C,  Endomba, et al	Biomark Res	Review Literature| Revue de littérature	MA:  EMBASE, MEDLINE, Web of sciences were searched. Some inflammatory (procalcitonin, CRP), haematologic (lymphocyte, Thrombocytes), and biochemical (CK-MB, Troponin I, D-dimer, ASAT, ALAT, LDH, γ-GT) biomarkers are significantly associated with severe COVID-19. These biomarkers might help in prognostic risk stratification of patients with COVID-19.
Opioid and neuroHIV Comorbidity - Current and Future Perspectives	Fitting,  S,  McRae, et al	J Neuroimmune Pharmacol	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
The COVID-19 pandemic offers a key moment to reflect on travel medicine practice	Hatz,  C,  Bühler, et al	J Travel Med	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
The methodological quality of COVID-19 systematic reviews is low, except for Cochrane reviews: a meta-epidemiological study	Kataoka,  Yuki,  Oide, et al	medRxiv	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Viricidal treatments for prevention of coronavirus infection	Khokhar,  M,  Roy, et al	Pathog Glob Health	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Clinical Outcome of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Blockers in Treatment of Hypertensive Patients with COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis	Laurentius,  A,  M	Research Square prepub	Review Literature| Revue de littérature	SR-MA:  PubMed, Cochrane, ProQuest, Scopus, EBSCOhost MEDLINE, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Springer were searched in May 2020. The results support recommendation by American Heart Association not to discontinue antihypertension regimens in Coronavirus Disease 2019 patients with hypertension.
Developing a Thai national critical-care allocation guideline during the COVID-19 pandemic: a rapid review and stakeholders’ consultation	Marshall,  AI,  A	Research Square prepub	Review Literature| Revue de littérature	Rapid Review
Benefits and adverse effects of hydroxychloroquine, methotrexate and colchicine: searching for repurposable drug candidates	Misra,  DP,  Gasparyan, et al	Rheumatol Int	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
[Psychological stress caused by epidemics among health care workers and implications for coping with the corona crisis: a literature review]	Mulfinger,  N,  Lampl, et al	Z Psychosom Med Psychother	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Systemic innate and adaptive immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 as it relates to other coronaviruses	O'Connell,  P,  Aldhamen, et al	Hum Vaccin Immunother	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Therapeutics for COVID-19: from computation to practices-where we are, where we are heading to	Ojha,  PK,  Kar, et al	Mol Divers	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 and advances in developing potential therapeutics and vaccines to counter this emerging pandemic	Rabaan,  AA,  Al-Ahmed, et al	Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Guillain-Barre syndrome during COVID-19 pandemic: an overview of the reports	Rahimi,  K	Neurol Sci	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
PMC7386165; A Systematic Review of the Clinical Utility of Cycle Threshold Values in the Context of COVID-19	Rao,  SN,  Manissero, et al	Infect Dis Ther	Review Literature| Revue de littérature	SR: PubMed search was conducted on 1 June 2020. : Data suggest that lower Ct values may be associated with worse outcomes and that Ct values may be useful in predicting the clinical course and prognosis of patients with COVID-19.
COVID-19 length of hospital stay: a systematic review and data synthesis	Rees,  EM,  Nightingale, et al	BMC Med	Review Literature| Revue de littérature	SR: searched the bibliographic databases Embase and Medline, as well as the online preprint archive medRxiv for articles up to 2020-04-12. Patients with COVID-19 in China appeared to remain in hospital for longer than elsewhere. This may be explained by differences in criteria for admission and discharge between countries, and different timing within the pandemic.
Exploitation of some natural products for prevention and/or nutritional treatment of SARS-CoV2 infection	Rizzo,  A,  Sciorsci, et al	Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
First snap-shot meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence of serum antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in humans	Rostami,  Ali,  Sepidarkish, et al	medRxiv	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
CLINICAL-EPIDEMIOLOGICAL RELATION BETWEEN SARS-COV-2 AND KAWASAKI DISEASE: AN INTEGRATIVE LITERATURE	Santos,  BSD,  Santos, et al	Rev Paul Pediatr	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Accounting for Time: Circadian Rhythms in the Time of COVID-19	Sengupta,  S,  Brooks, et al	J Biol Rhythms	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Recommendations for prenatal, intrapartum and postpartum care during COVID-19 pandemic in India	Sharma,  JB,  Sharma, et al	Am J Reprod Immunol	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Marital violence precipitating/intensifying elements during the Covid-19 pandemic	Silva,  AFD,  Estrela, et al	Cien Saude Colet	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Association Between Administration of Systemic Corticosteroids and Mortality Among Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19: A Meta-analysis	Sterne,  JAC,  Murthy, et al	Jama	Review Literature| Revue de littérature	MA: The trials were conducted in 12 countries from February 26, 2020, to June 9, 2020, and the date of final follow-up was July 6, 2020.   In this prospective meta-analysis of clinical trials of critically ill patients with COVID-19, administration of systemic corticosteroids, compared with usual care or placebo, was associated with lower 28-day all-cause mortality.
[COVID-19: neurological manifestations : What we know so far]	Yilmaz,  U,  Lepper, et al	Radiologe	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Clinical characteristics and risks of Chinàs 2019 novel coronavirus patients with AKI: a systematic review and meta-analysis	Zhang,  Z,  Zhang, et al	Ren Fail	Review Literature| Revue de littérature	SR-MA: clinical data of COVID-19 patients from 1 December 2019 to 30 June 2020 were retrieved from databases, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, WanFang Data, CNKI, and medrxiv. We made a conclusion that we need pay attention to the degree of hypoxia, inflammatory biomarkers especially PCT of COVID-19 and AKI.
PMC7459945; Reply: Iron chelation may harm patients with COVID-19	Abobaker,  A	Eur J Clin Pharmacol	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
African League Against Rheumatism (AFLAR) preliminary recommendations on the management of rheumatic diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic	Akintayo,  RO,  Bahiri, et al	Clin Rheumatol	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Cats and kids: how a feline disease may help us unravel COVID-19 associated paediatric hyperinflammatory syndrome	Alberer,  M,  von Both, et al	Infection	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Clinical evolution, management and outcomes of patients with COVID-19 admitted at Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa: a research protocol	Allwood,  BW,  Koegelenberg, et al	BMJ Open	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7401463; Publisher Correction: NK cells in COVID-19: protectors or opponents?	Alrubayyi,  A	Nat Rev Immunol	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
SARS-CoV-2 transmission, the ambiguous role of children and considerations for the reopening of schools in the fall	Anastassopoulou,  C,  Spanakis, et al	Future Microbiol	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
COVID-19 online surveys need to follow standards and guidelines: Comment on “does COVID-19 pandemic affect sexual behavior? A cross-sectional, cross-national online survey” and “binge watching behavior during COVID 19 pandemic: A cross-sectional, cross-na	Arafat,  SMY,  Alradie-Mohamed, et al	Psychiatry Res	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7428684; Reply to "Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19): Implications for Clinical Dental Care"	Ather,  A,  Patel, et al	J Endod	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Neurological injuries in COVID-19 patients: direct viral invasion or a bystander injury after infection of epithelial/endothelial cells	Azizi,  SA,  Azizi, et al	J Neurovirol	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Treatment of COVID-19 Patients Post-Bariatric Surgery: Issues for Consideration	Azran,  C,  Porat, et al	J Clin Med	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Potential use of noncoding RNAs and innovative therapeutic strategies to target the 5'UTR of SARS-CoV-2	Baldassarre,  A,  Paolini, et al	Epigenomics	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Should IBD Patients Be Tested for Active COVID-19 Prior Starting a Biological Treatment?	Barberio,  B,  Buda, et al	Gastroenterology	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Michelin L, Lins RS, Falavigna A. COVID-19: Questions and Answers UCS Telemedicine Center. Caxias do Sul: Educs; 2020	Batista,  JPT,  Marzano, et al	Cien Saude Colet	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Local Health Departments Cross-Jurisdictional Partnership for Contact Tracing for COVID-19	Bedard,  BA,  Pettit, et al	J Allied Health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Integrating climate action for health into covid-19 recovery plans	Belesova,  K,  Heymann, et al	Bmj	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7433324; Return to football training and competition after lockdown caused by the COVID-19 pandemic: medical recommendations	Bisciotti,  GN,  Eirale, et al	Biol Sport	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Covid-19: India should abandon lockdown and refocus its testing policy, say public health specialists	Bmj,  IC	Bmj	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Mental and behavioural disorders and COVID-19-associated death in older people	Boland,  B,  Gale, et al	BJPsych Open	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
International Society for Extracellular Vesicles and International Society for Cell and Gene Therapy statement on extracellular vesicles from mesenchymal stromal cells and other cells: considerations for potential therapeutic agents to suppress coronaviru	Börger,  V,  Weiss, et al	Cytotherapy	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Why we need an intelligence-led approach to pandemics: supporting science and public health during COVID-19 and beyond	Bowsher,  G,  Sullivan, et al	J R Soc Med	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Alcohol control and the COVID-19 crisis on the other side of the Atlantic	Braillon,  A	Can J Public Health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
New technologies for social inclusion of people with psychosocial disabilities in the era of COVID-19 and beyond	Carta,  MG,  Nardi, et al	Braz J Psychiatry	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Hematology Laboratory Abnormalities in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)	Christensen,  B,  Favaloro, et al	Semin Thromb Hemost	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
The need to continue testing for HIV, even during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic	Ciccullo,  A,  Borghetti, et al	HIV Med	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
[COVID-19 and Pulmonology: New Challenges and Opportunities]	Clérigo,  V,  Duarte, et al	Acta Med Port	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Religions in action: the role of interreligious dialogue in the COVID-19 pandemic	Corpuz,  JCG	J Public Health (Oxf)	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
COVID-19 Concerns Among Persons With Mental Illness	Costa,  M,  Pavlo, et al	Psychiatr Serv	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7294264; Cardiac arrest precipitated by succinylcholine in a patient with COVID-19. Comment on Br J Anaesth 2020; 125: e255-7	Crockett,  DC,  Frise, et al	Br J Anaesth	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Using Predictive Scoring Systems for Asthma Exacerbations Could Help Safely Conserve Resources During the COVID-19 Pandemic	Davis,  MD	Respir Care	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Author response: COVID-19 presenting with ophthalmoparesis from cranial nerve palsy	Dinkin,  M,  Gao, et al	Neurology	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7424927; The response across Canada: Highlights of the National COVID-19 Survey	Doherty,  C	Can Vet J	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Does Coronavirus pose a challenge to the diagnoses of anxiety and depression? A view from psychiatry	Drummond,  LM	BJPsych Bull	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Touch in times of COVID-19: Touch Hunger hurts	Durkin,  J,  Jackson, et al	J Clin Nurs	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Debates Around the Role of School Closures in the Coronavirus 2019 Pandemic-Reply	Esposito,  S,  Principi, et al	JAMA Pediatr	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Covid-19 Pandemic: reflecting vulnerabilities in the light of gender, race and class	Estrela,  FM,  Soares, et al	Cien Saude Colet	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
RE: Performance of electrophysiology procedures at an academic medical center amidst the 2020 coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic by Rubin et al	Ferraro,  A,  Maggio, et al	J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Is the Coronavirus Changing Psychiatry?	Foreman,  DM	BJPsych Bull	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
STUDY PROTOCOL: Relationship between In-person Instruction and COVID-19 incidence among University Students: A Prospective Cohort Study	Fretheim,  Atle,  Flato, et al	medRxiv	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
The 11th Trial of a Cardiovascular Clinical Trialist: Coronavirus-2: Part 2	Frishman,  WH	Cardiol Rev	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Improving liaison neurology services	Fuller,  GN	Pract Neurol	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Management of appendicitis during COVID-19 pandemic; short-term outcomes	Ganesh,  R,  Lucocq, et al	Scott Med J	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
The Janus kinase 1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib in COVID-19	Gozzetti,  A,  Capochiani, et al	Leukemia	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
COVID-19 Infection: Perioperative Implications: Reply	Greenland,  JR,  Michelow, et al	Anesthesiology	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Service learning in public health nursing education: How COVID-19 accelerated community-academic partnership	Gresh,  A,  LaFave, et al	Public Health Nurs	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Anti-Covid vaccines: a look from the Collective Health	Guimarães,  R	Cien Saude Colet	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Interfaces and "Silver Bullets": Technologies and Policies	Guimarães,  R	Cien Saude Colet	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
[Age structure and mortality due to COVID-19]	Hallal,  PC,  Hartwig, et al	Cien Saude Colet	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Covid-19-associated acute haemorrhagic leukoencephalomyelitis	Handa,  R,  Nanda, et al	Neurol Sci	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
[Advance care planning during the coronavirus pandemic-A chance for patient autonomy in acute situations]	Hartog,  CS,  Spies, et al	Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Social Distancing for COVID-19 and Diagnoses of Other Infectious Diseases in Children	Hatoun,  J,  Correa, et al	Pediatrics	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
COVID-19 in children: Should we be worried?	Hendricks,  CL,  Green, et al	S Afr Med J	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
The world expects effective global health interventions: Can global health deliver?	Holst,  J	Glob Public Health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Dido Harding: the former business leader now heading up England's covid-19 response	Iacobucci,  G	Bmj	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Covid-19: UK prime minister says he will only meet bereaved families when they drop threat of legal action	Iacobucci,  G	Bmj	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Does coronavirus pose a challenge to the diagnoses of anxiety and depression?: A psychologist's view	Johnstone,  L	BJPsych Bull	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Covid 19 Individual Susceptibility: Health and Safety Management	Kalman,  CJ	Occup Med (Lond)	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7373673; Reply to: Coronavirus disease 2019 and ethical considerations for extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation	Kandori,  K,  Narumiya, et al	Resuscitation	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7250553; Transference of COVID-19 patient in hospitals - A crucial phase	Kapoor,  I,  Prabhakar, et al	J Clin Anesth	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation in COVID-19 patients – To do or not to?	Kapoor,  I,  Prabhakar, et al	J Clin Anesth	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7458650; The impact of air pollution on the incidence and mortality of COVID-19	Karan,  A,  Ali, et al	Glob Health Res Policy	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
It Ain't Over Till It's Over: The Triple Threat of COVID-19, TB, and HIV	Kay,  AW,  Ness, et al	Am J Trop Med Hyg	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR) recommended CMR protocols for scanning patients with active or convalescent phase COVID-19 infection	Kelle,  S,  Bucciarelli-Ducci, et al	J Cardiovasc Magn Reson	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Outbreak of chronic renal failure: will this be a delayed heritage of COVID-19?	Khoshdel-Rad,  N,  Zahmatkesh, et al	J Nephrol	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
COVID-19 and the Law of Unforeseen Consequences	Kimberlin,  DW,  Bjornstad, et al	Pediatrics	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease and COVID-19 in New York City 2020: The Epicenter of IBD in the First Epicenter of the Global Pandemic	Kornbluth,  A,  Kissous-Hunt, et al	Inflamm Bowel Dis	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7417752 (available at http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/qims-20-771). The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare; The humble chest radiograph: an overlooked diagnostic modality in the COVID-19 pandemic	Kwan,  KEL,  Tan, et al	Quant Imaging Med Surg	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
2020 ACVP, ASVCP, and ISACP Concurrent Annual Meeting: From Novel Insights Into COVID-19 to Unconventional Animal Models	Langohr,  I	Vet Pathol	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
How to Use Prophylactic G-CSF in the Time of COVID-19	Lasagna,  A,  Zuccaro, et al	JCO Oncol Pract	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7388735; Pulmonary embolism and screening for concomitant proximal deep vein thrombosis in noncritically ill hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019	Lazzeri,  C,  Bonizzoli, et al	Intern Emerg Med	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Women's Health in Times of Emergency: We Must Take Action	Lee,  YS,  Behn, et al	J Womens Health (Larchmt)	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Pneumothorax in 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia needs to be recognized	Li,  W,  Xu, et al	Infection	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Eosinophil count in coronavirus disease 2019: more doubts than answers	Lippi,  G,  Sanchis-Gomar, et al	Qjm	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Stage migration of colorectal cancer during COVID-19 pandemic	Liyanage,  ASD,  Gokul, et al	Br J Surg	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
[The urgency of Public Health in Physical Education training: lessons from COVID-19]	Loch,  MR,  Rech, et al	Cien Saude Colet	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Severe COVID-19 is a Microvascular Disease	Lowenstein,  CJ,  Solomon, et al	Circulation	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Challenges and proposals for scaling up COVID-19 testing and diagnosis in Brazil	Magno,  L,  Rossi, et al	Cien Saude Colet	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Covid-19: Pregnant women with virus are more likely to need intensive care, study finds	Mahase,  E	Bmj	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Covid-19: US FDA fires spokesperson over misleading claims about convalescent plasma	Mahase,  E	Bmj	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Re-Examining the Race to Send Ventilators to Low-Resource Settings	Mantena,  S,  Rogo, et al	Respir Care	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Teleworking beyond teleradiology: managing radiology departments during the COVID-19 outbreak	Martín-Noguerol,  T,  Lopez-Ortega, et al	Eur Radiol	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
An Eye on Covid: Hurricane Preparedness at a COVID-19 Alternative Care Site	Maslanka,  M,  Hurwitz, et al	Disaster Med Public Health Prep	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
A public-private partnership for the express development of antiviral leads: a perspective view	Mayburd,  A	Expert Opin Drug Discov	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Schrödinger's Worker: Are They Positive or Negative for SARS-CoV-2?	Meloni,  F,  Campagna, et al	Int J Environ Res Public Health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
The pandemic exacerbates health inequalities	Minayo,  MCS,  Freire, et al	Cien Saude Colet	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Frontline Imaging: Meeting the Challenges of the COVID-19 Pandemic	Mohammed,  S,  Leardi, et al	Radiol Technol	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
COVID-19 in long-term care facilities for the elderly: laboratory screening and disease dissemination prevention strategies	Moraes,  EN,  Viana, et al	Cien Saude Colet	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7319626; Letter to the Editor: "Human Patient Simulation: Educational Issues and Practical Implications in COVID-19 Times"	Moscote-Salazar,  L,  Agrawal, et al	World Neurosurg	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
[Not Available]	Negro,  F,  Moradpour, et al	Rev Med Suisse	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
It’s Not the Flu: Popular perceptions of the impact of COVID-19	Niemi,  L,  K	Research Square prepub	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Optimal management of acute coronary syndromes in the era of COVID-19	Nijjer,  SS,  Petraco, et al	Heart	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
COVID-19 and pregnancy outcomes: initial findings show little threat, but more data are needed	Nunes Ribeiro,  CJ,  Almeida Lima, et al	Evid Based Nurs	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Expansion of atypical memory B cells is a prominent feature of COVID-19	Oliviero,  B,  Varchetta, et al	Cell Mol Immunol	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Do not forget our pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic	Osanan,  GC,  Vidarte, et al	Women Health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Why has COVID-19 not hit the countries like Nepal yet?	Pathak,  KP,  Gaire, et al	Rev Environ Health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Off label, compassionate and irrational use of medicines in Covid-19 pandemic, health consequences and ethical issues	Paumgartten,  FJR,  Oliveira, et al	Cien Saude Colet	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Role of immersive technologies in healthcare education during the COVID-19 epidemic	Pears,  M,  Yiasemidou, et al	Scott Med J	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Lupus nephritis-related issues during COVID-19 pandemic quarantine	Pedrosa,  T,  Kupa, et al	Lupus	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Covid-19: perspectives and initiatives in older adults health context in Brazil	Pegorari,  MS,  Ohara, et al	Cien Saude Colet	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
The New Foe and Old Friends: Are We Ready for Microbiota-based Therapeutics in Treating COVID-19 Patients?	Peng,  Y,  Zhao, et al	Gastroenterology	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PNAD COVID-19: A powerful new tool for Public Health Surveillance in Brazil	Penna,  GO,  Silva, et al	Cien Saude Colet	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Rapid Expert Consultations on the COVID-19 Pandemic. Washington: The National Academies Press; 2020	Pereira,  CCA,  Soares, et al	Cien Saude Colet	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
How we provided appropriate breast imaging practices in the epicentre of the COVID-19 outbreak in Italy	Pesapane,  F,  Penco, et al	Br J Radiol	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Corticosteroids in COVID-19 ARDS: Evidence and Hope During the Pandemic	Prescott,  HC,  Rice, et al	Jama	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
[The role of the age structure in the analysis of mortality by Covid-19]	Queiroz,  BL,  Freire, et al	Cien Saude Colet	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Disinfection booth: blessing or curse for spreading of COVID-19 in Bangladesh	Rabby,  MII,  Hossain, et al	Can J Public Health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
The Potential Therapeutic Role of Proton Pump Inhibitors in COVID-19: Hypotheses Based on Existing Evidences	Ray,  A,  Sharma, et al	Drug Res (Stuttg)	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Assuring Access to Abortion	Rebouché,  R	SSRN- Lancet prepublication	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Covid-19 pandemic implications for food and nutrition security in Brazil	Ribeiro-Silva,  R,  Pereira, et al	Cien Saude Colet	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
EOSINOPENIA: An early, effective, and relevant COVID-19 biomarker?	Roca,  E,  Ventura, et al	Qjm	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Audio Interview: Understanding Antibody Testing in Covid-19	Rubin,  EJ,  Baden, et al	N Engl J Med	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7253987; Angiotensin receptor blockers for the treatment of COVID-19 and its comorbidities	Saavedra,  JM	Pharmacol Res	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Coagulopathie associée au COVID-19 : les éléments essentiels pour l’anesthésiste-réanimateur	Satre Buisson,  L	Prat Anesth Reanim	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Evaluation of lung volume loss with 3D CT volumetry in COVID-19 patients	Savaş,  R,  Öz Özcan, et al	Diagn Interv Radiol	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Radiological Examinations in Patients With COVID-19	Scappatura,  G	Radiol Technol	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Host genetic factors and susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection	Schurr,  TG	Am J Hum Biol	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Urticaria and COVID-19 infection: a critical appraisal- Reply	Shanshal,  M	J Dermatolog Treat	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Mental Health Inequities in the Context of COVID-19	Shim,  RS	JAMA Netw Open	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Telemonitoring for Patients With COVID-19: Recommendations for Design and Implementation	Silven,  AV,  Petrus, et al	J Med Internet Res	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Caring for patients with COPD and COVID-19: a viewpoint to spark discussion	Simons,  SO,  Hurst, et al	Thorax	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7440870; Ukrainian mental health services and World Psychiatric Association Expert Committee recommendations	Skokauskas,  N,  Chonia, et al	Lancet Psychiatry	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Care of future mothers amid the COVID-19 outbreak: is there a monitoring role for lung ultrasound?	Sperandeo,  M,  Trovato, et al	Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Biosynthesis of medicinal tropane alkaloids in yeast	Srinivasan,  P,  Smolke, et al	Nature	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7424945; Let's do this Canada! COVID-19, you can't get rid of us without a fight!	Stiles,  E	Can Vet J	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Covid-19: US will not join WHO in developing vaccine	Tanne,  JH	Bmj	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7276869; Call to action for advocacy of immigrant nurses during COVID-19 pandemic	Tayaben,  JL,  Younas, et al	J Adv Nurs	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
The health of healthcare professionals coping with the Covid-19 pandemic	Teixeira,  CFS,  Soares, et al	Cien Saude Colet	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7245258; How and why use the EasyBreath® surface snorkeling mask as a personal protective equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic?	Thierry,  B,  Célérier, et al	Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Coronaphobia, musculoskeletal pain, and sleep quality in stay-at home and continued-working persons during the 3-month Covid-19 pandemic lockdown in Turkey	Toprak Celenay,  S,  Karaaslan, et al	Chronobiol Int	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7233396; Three-dimensional CT of COVID-19 Pneumonia	Ufuk,  F	Radiology	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Seroprevalence and immunity of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and adolescents in schools in Switzerland: design for a longitudinal, school-based prospective cohort study	Ulyte,  Agne,  Radtke, et al	medRxiv	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Immune-Mediated Coagulopathy in COVID-19 Infection	Vadasz,  Z,  Brenner, et al	Semin Thromb Hemost	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7323015; In Response to Isolated Anosmia and Ageusia in COVID-19 With Spontaneous Recovery	Vaira,  LA,  Salzano, et al	Laryngoscope	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
The reduction in the detection of melanoma during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in a Melanoma center of South Italy	Villani,  A,  Fabbrocini, et al	J Dermatolog Treat	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Estimating the reciprocal of a binomial proportion	Wei,  J,  H	ArXiv	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
[Not Available]	Wildner,  M	Gesundheitswesen	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Cardiorespiratory considerations for return-to-play in elite athletes after COVID-19 infection: a practical guide for sport and exercise medicine physicians	Wilson,  MG,  Hull, et al	Br J Sports Med	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
General practice	Wright,  M,  Versteeg, et al	Aust Health Rev	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Unequable spatial accessibility to hospitals in developing megacities: New evidence from Beijing	Zhao,  P,  Li, et al	Health Place	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Correction for Cauchois et al., Early IL-1 receptor blockade in severe inflammatory respiratory failure complicating COVID-19		Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
CORRIGENDUM: Editor's presentation: 'Les liaisones dangerouses. The heart in the time of COVID-19'		Eur J Prev Cardiol	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Coronavirus research updates: Antibodies persist for months rather than dwindling		Nature	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial

Appendix: Process and definitions. 

A daily search for new publications is conducted in PubMed, Scopus, BioRxiv and MedRxiv, SSRN, Research Square, arXiv for all publications related to COVID-19 disease or SARS-CoV-2 using the search terms (COVID-19 OR SARS-CoV-2 OR "novel CoV" OR "novel coronavirus" OR nCoV) adapted to each database.  The capture is cross-referenced with publication announcements on the COVID-19 dashboards set up by a number of publishers and google.  Publishers include Lancet, Elsevier, The New England Journal of Medicine, BMJ, Wiley, Springer Nature, ChinaCDCweekly. Additionally the database is cross-referenced with other literature scans e.g. WHO publication list and activities by collaborators.  Members of the Emerging Sciences group develop 1 -2 point summaries of each publication. Please email Lisa Waddell for additional information: Lisa.Waddell@canada.ca.  References are compiled in a reworks database that has citations since the beginning of the outbreak.  All references can be accessed at this link and by the categories listed below.  The daily scan has also been compiled in an excel sheet and copies can be provided upon request or accessed here.

Category Definitions:

Modelling/ prediction: Predictive modeling is a process that uses data mining and probability to forecast outcomes. Each model is made up of a number of predictors, which are variables that are likely to influence future results.

Epidemiology: the branch of medicine which deals with the incidence, distribution, and possible control of diseases and other factors relating to health. Includes Ro, attack rates, case number doubling time, case fatality rate, serial interval, clinical attack rate, asymptomatic fraction, proportion of asymptomatic and infective*

Transmission: The passage of a pathogen causing communicable disease from an infected host to an uninfected host via direct or indirect routes.

Clinical data of cases: Includes clinical parameters such as incubation period, latent period, period of communicability, duration of illness, duration of hospitalization, host risk factors, as well as clinical profiles of patients; presenting symptoms, symptoms over course of illness, sequelae, comorbidities.* 

Surveillance: Public health surveillance is the continuous, systematic collection, analysis and interpretation of health-related data.  Surveillance data will likely be number of cases suspected/confirmed, number of deaths, number recovered. *

Coronavirology: All research relating to the virus; its characteristics, genetic make-up, phylogenetic analyses

Diagnostics / Pathogen detection:  All studies on identification of the virus; culture, PCR, antibody/antigen tests etc.

Therapeutics: Studies of substances that may be used to treat infected hosts including passive immunization products.

Vaccine Research:  Studies of vaccine candidates to prevent infection with 2019-nCoV including clinical trials.

Public Health Priorities: These citations will focus on what the current research priorities are and/or where knowledge gaps exist.

Public Health interventions*: Any study evaluating how effective a public health intervention is or maybe (in the case of a predictive model).

Public Health response: These papers are typically overviews of past and current activities, they often also identify knowledge gaps and suggest future activities or objectives.

Infection Prevention and Control/ Prévention et contrôle des infections (IPAC/PCI): Any research on the effectiveness of IPC interventions should also be tagged as IPC

Health care Response: This foci would include a description of activities to deal with 2019-nCoV cases including, but not limited to:  set up of a special emergency multi-disciplinary intensive care team; Bed and medical equipment preparation/ stock piling supplies; Education and training of staff; Early case recognition and classification of disease severity.

Economics: papers discussing/ forecasting the economics of COVID-19 pandemic.

Immunology:

Animal Model:

Zoonotic: all literature discussing the transmission to and from or occurrence of naturally acquired SARS-COV-2 infection in animals.

Review Literature:  All articles that summarize the published literature can be tagged as a review.  This includes systematic review, meta-analysis, scoping review, overviews, umbrella reviews*

Commentary/Editorial: For commentaries, editorials, letters to the editor, other types of opinion pieces where there is no new data collected by the author or analysis conducted by the author, please tag these within the commentary category.

News articles that have not scientific information.

*Lists are not exhaustive

Annexe: Processus et définitions. 

Une recherche quotidienne des nouvelles publications est effectuée dans PubMed, Scopus, BioRxiv and MedRxiv, SSRN, Research Square, arXiv pour toutes les publications relatives à la maladie COVID-19 ou au SRAS-CoV-2 en utilisant les termes de recherche (COVID-19 OU SARS-CoV-2 OU « novel CoV » OU « novel coronavirus » OU nCoV).  La saisie renvoie à des annonces de publication sur les tableaux de bord du nCoV mis en place par un certain nombre d'éditeurs et par Google.  Parmi les éditeurs figurent Lancet, Elsevier, The New England Journal of Medicine, BMJ, Wiley, Springer Nature, ChinaCDCweekly.  En outre, la base de données renvoie à d'autres survols de publications, e.g. la liste des publications de l'OMS, et à des activités des collaborateurs.  Les membres du groupe scientifique émergent préparent des résumés en 1 ou 2 points de chaque publication. Pour en savoir plus, veuillez envoyer un courriel à Lisa Waddell au : Lisa.Waddell@canada.ca.  Les références sont compilées dans une base de données Refworks qui contient des citations depuis le début de l'épidémie.  Toutes les références sont accessibles à partir de ce lien et par les catégories énumérées ci-dessous. L'analyse quotidienne a également été compilée dans une feuille Excel et des copies peuvent être fournies sur demande ou consultées ici.

Définitions des catégories :

Modélisation / prédiction : La modélisation prédictive est un processus qui utilise l'exploration de données et la probabilité pour prévoir les résultats. Chaque modèle est composé de plusieurs prédicteurs, qui sont des variables susceptibles d'influencer les résultats futurs.

Épidémiologie : Branche de la médecine qui traite de l'incidence, de la répartition et du contrôle éventuel des maladies et d'autres facteurs liés à la santé. Comprend le taux de reproduction de base (Ro), les taux d'attaque, le temps de doublement du nombre de cas, le taux de létalité, l'intervalle sériel, le taux d'attaque clinique, la fraction asymptomatique, la proportion de cas asymptomatiques et infectieux*.

Transmission : Passage d'un agent pathogène causant une maladie transmissible d'un hôte infecté à un hôte non infecté par des voies directes ou indirectes.

Données cliniques des cas : Comprend les paramètres cliniques tels que la période d'incubation, la période de latence, la période de contagiosité, la durée de la maladie, la durée de l'hospitalisation, les facteurs de risque de l'hôte, ainsi que les profils cliniques des patients; les symptômes présentés, les symptômes au cours de la maladie, les séquelles, les comorbidités.* 

Surveillance : La surveillance de la santé publique est la collecte, l'analyse et l'interprétation continues et systématiques de données relatives à la santé.  Les données de surveillance concerneront probablement le nombre de cas suspects / confirmés, le nombre de décès, le nombre de personnes guéries. *

Coronavirologie : Toutes les recherches relatives au virus, ses caractéristiques, sa constitution génétique et les analyses phylogénétiques.

Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes : Toutes les études sur l'identification du virus : culture, PCR, tests de dépistage d'anticorps ou d’antigènes, etc.

Thérapeutique : Étude des substances pouvant être utilisées pour traiter les hôtes infectés, y compris les produits d'immunisation passive.

Recherche sur les vaccins : Études des candidats à la vaccination pour prévenir l'infection par le 2019-nCoV, y compris des essais cliniques.

Priorités de santé publique : Ces citations porteront sur les priorités actuelles de recherche et/ou sur les lacunes dans les connaissances.

Interventions de santé publique* : Toute étude évaluant l'efficacité (réelle ou possible) d'une intervention de santé publique (dans le cas d'un modèle prédictif).

Réponse de la santé publique : Ces articles sont généralement des aperçus des activités passées et actuelles, qui identifient souvent les lacunes dans les connaissances et suggèrent des activités ou des objectifs futurs.

Prévention et contrôle des infections/Infection Prevention and Control (PCI/IPAC) : Les recherches sur l'efficacité des interventions en PCI doivent également être marquées comme PCI.

Réponse des soins de santé : Ce point comprendrait une description des activités pour traiter les cas de 2019-nCoV, notamment :  mise en place d'une équipe multidisciplinaire spéciale de soins intensifs d'urgence; préparation des lits et des équipements médicaux / stockage des fournitures; sensibilisation et formation du personnel; reconnaissance précoce des cas et classification de la gravité de la maladie.

Immunologie :

Modèle animal:

Zoonotic: all literature discussing the transmission to and from or occurrence of naturally acquired SARS-COV-2 infection in animals.

Économie: documents discutant / prévoyant l'économie de la pandémie de COVID-19

Revue de la documentation :  Tous les articles qui résument les documents publiés peuvent être marqués comme une revue.  Cela comprend les revues systématiques, les méta-analyses, les études de la portée, les aperçus, les examens généraux*.

Commentaires/Éditorial : Pour les commentaires, éditoriaux, lettres à la rédaction, autres types d'articles d'opinion pour lesquels aucune nouvelle donnée n'est collectée ou aucune analyse n'est effectuée par l'auteur, veuillez les marquer dans la catégorie des commentaires.

journaux Articles de presse qui n'ont pas d'informations scientifiques.

* Les listes ne sont pas exhaustives