Subject: Daily Scan of COVID-19 Scientific Publications / survol journalier des publications scientifiques du COVID-19, 2020-09-03

Good afternoon,

There are 341 citations in today’s scan. 163 were considered primary research or review literature.

Highlights today include:

CANADA

· Wang et al estimated the size of the non-emergent surgical backlog during COVID-19 in Ontario, Canada, and the time and resources required to clear the backlog. The authors used time series forecasting, queuing models and probabilistic sensitivity analysis to estimate the size of the backlog and clearance time for a +10% (+1 day per week at 50% capacity) surge scenario. Between March 15 and June 13, 2020, the estimated backlog in Ontario was 148,364 surgeries and the estimated backlog clearance time is 84 weeks.

· Wardell et al sought to provide empirical examination of coping motive pathways to alcohol problems during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic among Canadian adult drinkers. The results of a theory-informed path model showed that having at least 1 child under the age of 18, greater depression, and lower social connectedness each predicted unique variance in past 30-day coping motives, which in turn predicted increased past 30-day alcohol use (controlling for pre-COVID-19 alcohol use reported retrospectively). Income loss was associated with increased alcohol use, and living alone was associated with increased solitary drinking (controlling for pre-COVID-19 levels), but these associations were not mediated by coping motives. Increased alcohol use, increased solitary drinking, and greater coping motives for drinking were all independently associated with past 30-day alcohol problems, and indirect paths to alcohol problems from having children at home, depression, social connectedness, income loss, and living alone were all supported.

· McCoy et al. describe the development of the comprehensive open Canadian Non-Pharmaceutical Intervention (CAN-NPI) data set, which identifies and classifies all NPIs implemented in regions across Canada in response to COVID-19, and provides an accompanying description of geographic and temporal heterogeneity. There was substantial geographic and temporal heterogeneity in NPI implementation across Canada, highlighting the importance of a subnational lens in evaluating the COVID-19 pandemic response.

· Kramer & Retnakaran compare the flattening of the COVID-19-associated hospitalization curves in British Columbia (BC) and Ontario (ON), Canada to determine impacts of social distancing policies. They find that from late March to mid-June 2020, the cumulative rate of COVID-19-associated hospitalization in BC showed evidence of flattening, whereas in Ontario it has increased linearly. The cumulative hospitalization rate in Ontario first surpassed that of BC on April 14. There is evidence of flattening the relevant curve in BC but not yet in ON.

TRANSMISSION

· Shen et al investigate potential transmission routes of SARS-CoV-2 infection with epidemiologic evidence from a COVID-19 outbreak. In this cohort study of 128 individuals who rode 1 of 2 buses and attended a worship event in Eastern China, those who rode a bus with air recirculation and with a patient with COVID-19 had an increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection compared with those who rode a different bus. Airborne transmission may partially explain the increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection among these bus riders.

· Kang et al. published findings on the role of fecal aerosols in SARS-CoV-2 transmission from an investigation of 202 residents, 24 staff and environmental samples of a high-rise apartment building in Guangzhou, China. Nine (9) infected patients from 3 families living in 3 vertically aligned apartments connected by drainage pipes in the master bathrooms were detected, along with positive environmental samples consistent with vertical spread of virus-laden aerosols via these stacks and vents.

· Munnink et al. describe an in-depth investigation of outbreaks on 16 mink farms and humans living or working on these farms, using whole genome sequencing. We conclude that the virus was initially introduced from humans and has evolved, most likely reflecting widespread circulation among mink in the beginning of the infection period several weeks prior to detection. We also describe the first animal to human transmissions of SARS-CoV-2 in mink farms.

EPIDMEIOLOGY

· Monreal et al found that non-severe immunosuppression was associated with a lower risk of moderate-severe ARDS. This suggests a potential protective effect from a hypothesized host hyper-inflammatory response.

THERAPEUTICS

· Roomi et al. evaluated the overall clinical effectiveness of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and tocilizumab (TCZ) in patients with COVID-19. A retrospective cohort study was performed, 176 hospitalized COVID-19 patients were included. There was no significant difference in the odds of in-hospital mortality, ICU addmissions, need for invasive mechanical ventilation, acute kidney failure necessitating dialysis, or discharge from the hospital after recovery in both the HCQ and TCZ groups compared to their respective control groups. 

· Xiong et al. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of Xuanfei Baidu Decoction (XBD) combined with conventional drug therapy compared with conventional medicine alone in patients with COVID-19. 42 patients with COVID-19 were randomly assigned to XBD plus conventional medicine (n = 22) and conventional medicine alone (n = 20). Both groups were treated for 1 week. Compared with the conventional medicine, the disappearance rate of clinical symptoms in the experimental group were significantly reduced. The number of white blood cells and lymphocytes in the experimental group increased significantly, which all returned to normal parameters. Meanwhile, the C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate in the experimental group were significantly reduced.

ZOONOSES

· Zhang et al. investigated the infection of SARS-CoV-2 in cats during the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan by serological detection methods. A cohort of serum samples were collected from cats in Wuhan, including 102 sampled after COVID-19 outbreak, and 39 prior to the outbreak. Fifteen sera collected after the outbreak were positive for the receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 by indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). No serological cross-reactivity was detected between the SARS-CoV-2 and type I or II feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV). Our data demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 has infected cats in Wuhan during the outbreak and provided serum antibody dynamics in cats, providing an important reference for the clinical treatment and prevention of COVID-19.

· Deng et al. conducted a serosurvey on 1053 cat samples in 20 cities in China, all were negative. They conclude that cats are not likely playing a role in SARS-CoV-2 transmission, but more research should be done.  Conflicting evidence was reported by Zhang et al. where 15/39 cats from Wuhan were seropositive in the post outbreak sample.

DIAGNOSTICS

· Miripour et al. designed a simple electrochemical sensor to selectively detect the intensity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a sputum sample. Comparing the results of the sensor with clinical diagnostics of more than 140 normal and involved cases resulted in a response calibration with accuracy and sensitivity of 97%. 

CORONAVIROLOGY

· Zhang et al. built a comprehensive scientific resource, SARS2020, that integrates coronavirus-related research, genomic sequences, and results of anti-viral drug trials. In addition, we built a consensus sequence-catalytic function model from which we identified the novel coronavirus as encoding the same proteinase as the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome virus. This data-driven sequence-based strategy will enable rapid identification of agents responsible for future epidemics.

· Dearlove et al. examine diversity among SARS-CoV-2 sequences and conclude that there has been few mutations in the virus and a single vaccine candidate should be efficacious against the currently circulating virus.

PUBLIC HEALTH RESPONSE

· Zhang et al. explore the emotional resilience of middle school students learning at home in February and March 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the impact of this resilience on students’ learning management skills. The results indicate that emotional resilience was significantly lower in eighth grade students than in seventh grade students and negative emotional recovery increased during the study period. Emotional resilience was positively correlated with learning management skills, and positive emotional ability predicted learning management skills.

Regards,

Lisa Waddell, Tricia Corrin, Rukshanda Ahmad, Robyn Odell, Maribeth Mitri, Julie Theriault, Dobrila Todoric, Alejandra Dubois, Christina Bancej, Austyn Baumeister, Anam Khan, Musaab Younis, Lien Mi Tien, Dima Ayache, Angela Sloan, Kaitlin Young, Chatura Prematunge, Ainsley Otten

Focus areas: Modelling/ prediction, Epidemiology, Transmission, Clinical data, Surveillance, Coronavirology, Diagnostics / Pathogen detection, Therapeutics, Vaccine Research, Public health interventions, Public Health response, Public Health Priorities, IPAC, Health care response, immunology, economics, animal model, zoonoses, Review Literature, Commentary/Editorial, news

Domaines cibles: Modélisation/prédiction, Épidémiologie, Transmission, Données cliniques, Surveillance, Coronavirologie, Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes, Thérapeutique, Recherche sur les vaccins, Interventions de santé publique, Priorités de santé publique, PCI, Réponse des soins de santé, immunologie, économie, modèle animal, zoonoses, Revue de littérature, Commentaire/Éditorial, journaux

PUBLICATIONS	AUTHORS / AUTEURS	SOURCE	FOCI / DOMAINE	SUMMARY / SOMMAIRE
Generalized Pustular Figurate Erythema. First Report in Two COVID-19 Patients on Hydroxychloroquine	Abadías-Granado,  I,  Palma-Ruiz, et al	J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol	Clinical data| Données cliniques	We describe two COVID-19 patients on hydroxychloroquine who developed this eruption 2 and 3 weeks after the onset of hydroxychloroquine. This report is the first to our knowledge of COVID-19 patients on hydroxychloroquine developing GPFE.
Synthetic Monoclonal Antibody Designed for Novel SARS-nCoV-2 Spike-S1 Protein Antigenic Targeted Epitope of Receptor Binding Domain Inhibit to Prevent Viral Entry	Abduljaleel,  Zainularifeen,  Al-Allaf, et al	Research Square prepub	Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Therapeutics| Thérapeutique Immunology | Immunologie	SARS-nCoV-2 as a spike (S) protein was targeted for the development of monoclonal antibody and therapeutics for the prevention and treatment. We developed monoclonal antibody by deep mutational scanning to characterize the effects of mutations in an antibody variable fragment based on expression levels, specificity, stability, and affinity for antigenic specific epitope to the Spike-S receptor binding doman.  SARS-nCoV-Spike-S monoclonal antibodies potently inhibited SARS-nCoV-2-Spike-S mediated entry into cells.
COVID-19 research priorities in surgery (PRODUCE study): A modified Delphi process	Allan,  M,  Mahawar, et al	Br J Surg	Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	In this study, an international collaboration was gathered to determine the most pressing COVID‐19 related surgical research priorities in a modified Delphi process. Participants were asked to submit and prioritise questions based on relevance and answerability. A total of 510 research questions were submitted by 130 participants during Phase I with a median of 4 questions (range 1‐10). Submissions were from predominantly general surgeons but included clinical scientists, patients, and other medical specialties from 25 countries
Therapeutic plasma exchange in a critically ill Covid-19 patient	Altmayer,  V,  Saheb, et al	J Clin Apher	Clinical data| Données cliniques	Here we describe the effect of therapeutic plasma exchange with 5% albumin as sole replacement solution for the management of Covid‐19. A 74‐year‐old man was admitted for severe Covid‐19 acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Changes in COVID-19 Knowledge, Beliefs, Behaviors, and Preparedness Among High-Risk Adults from the Onset to the Acceleration Phase of the US Outbreak	Bailey,  SC,  Serper, et al	J Gen Intern Med	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	This longitudinal, two-wave telephone survey aimed to assess how high-risk adults' COVID-19 knowledge, beliefs, behaviors, and sense of preparedness changed from the onset of the US outbreak (March 13-20, 2020) to the acceleration phase (March 27-April 7, 2020). The study included 588 predominately older adults with ≥ 1 chronic condition recruited from 4 active, federally funded studies in Chicago. From the onset to the acceleration phase, participants increasingly perceived COVID-19 to be a serious public health threat, reported more changes to their daily routine and plans, and reported greater preparedness. The proportion of respondents who believed they were "not at all likely" to get the virus decreased slightly (24.9 to 22.4%; p = 0.04), but there was no significant change in the proportion of those who were unable to accurately identify ways to prevent infection (29.2 to 25.7%; p 0.14). In multivariable analyses, black adults and those with lower health literacy were more likely to report less perceived susceptibility to COVID-19 (black adults: relative risk (RR) 1.62, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07-2.44, p = 0.02; marginal health literacy: RR 1.96, 95% CI 1.26-3.07, p < 0.01). Individuals with low health literacy remained more likely to feel unprepared for the outbreak (RR 1.80, 95% CI 1.11-2.92, p = 0.02) and to express confidence in the federal government response (RR 2.11, 95% CI 1.49-3.00, p < 0.001)
SARS-CoV-2-induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Pulmonary Mechanics and Gas-Exchange Abnormalities	Barbeta,  E,  Motos, et al	Ann Am Thorac Soc	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	We present the characteristics of gas exchange, pulmonary mechanics, and ventilatory management of 50 patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, who developed ARDS and underwent invasive MV (IMV).
Prone positioning in patients treated with non-invasive ventilation for COVID-19 pneumonia in an Italian emergency department	Bastoni,  D,  Poggiali, et al	Emerg Med J	Clinical data| Données cliniques	We report the experience of prone ventilation in selected patients treated with helmet non-invasive ventilation (NIV) continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for acute respiratory failure in COVID-19 pneumonia. Preliminary results showed an improvement in the PaO2 value and PaO2/FiO2 ratio after 1 hour of prone ventilation. No variation of the lung ultrasound pattern before and after prone ventilation has been detected. At the time of writing, we attempted proning with helmet NIV CPAP in 10 patients. In 4 out of 10 patients, the attempt failed due to lack of compliance of the patient, scarce pain control even with ongoing treatment and refusal by the patient to prone positioning. Based on our experience, we believe that prone NIV CPAP could be an option for patients non-responsive to traditional NIV CPAP with helmet from whom ICU care is not quickly available.
COVID-19 and its severity in bariatric surgery operated patients	Bel Lassen,  P,  Poitou, et al	Obesity (Silver Spring)	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	We assessed the prevalence of likely COVID-19 and its risk factors in patients followed-up after bariatric surgery (BS). We surveyed 738 patients who underwent BS and were followed-up at our university medical centre. COVID-19 likely event (CL) occurred in 62 (8.4%) patients among whom 4 (6.4%) had severe form requiring hospitalization and 1 (1.6%) died. The CL group had a higher proportion of persistent type 2 diabetes (T2D) at last follow-up (36.2% vs. 20.3%, p=0.01). BMI at the time of lockdown was lower in the CL group (30.2 ± 5.1 vs. 32.8 ± 6.5 kg/m(2) ; p<0.01) with higher percent weight loss since BS in the CL group. Severe forms of COVID-19 requiring hospitalization were associated with persistent T2D at last follow-up visit.
Methylene Blue Inhibits In Vitro the SARS-CoV-2 Spike – ACE2 Protein-Protein Interaction – A Mechanism That Can Contribute to Its Antiviral Activity Against COVID-19	Bojadzic,  Damir,  Alcazar, et al	bioRxiv	Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Therapeutics| Thérapeutique	We report a protein-protein interaction (PPI) inhibitory activity of methylene blue could contribute to its antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 even in the absence of light by blocking its attachment to ACE2-expressing cells; and making this inexpensive and widely available drug potentially useful in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 as an oral or inhaled medication.
The Fragmented United States of America: The Impact of Scattered Lock-Down Policies on Country-Wide Infections	Brady,  Ryan Robert,  Insler, et al	SSRN- Lancet prepublication	Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique	We first use spatial econometric techniques to document direct and indirect spillovers of new infections across county and state lines, as well as the impact of individual states' lock-down policies on infections in neighboring states. We find consistent statistical evidence that new cases diffuse across county lines, holding county level factors constant, and that the diffusion across counties was affected by the closure policies of adjacent states. Our spatial SIR model results suggest that, had the states with the less restrictive social distancing measures tightened them by one level, the cumulative infections in other states would be about 5% smaller.
Chemosensory Dysfunction in COVID-19: Prevalences, Recovery Rates, and Clinical Associations on a Large Brazilian Sample	Brandão Neto,  D,  Fornazieri, et al	Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	Our study aimed to measure the percentage of reported olfactory or taste losses and their severity, recovery time, and association with other features in a large cohort of patients with COVID-19. The perceived chemosensory capacities of 655 patients with confirmed COVID-19 were assessed with 11-point category rating scales (0, no function; 10, normal function). The prevalence of self-reported olfactory, general taste, and taste quality-specific disturbances (sweet, sour, bitter, and salty) in the patients with COVID-19 were 82.4% (95% CI, 79.5%-85.3%), 76.2% (95% CI, 72.9%-79.4%), and 52.2% (95% CI, 48.3%-56.1%), respectively. The majority reported anosmia (42.9%). The presence of chemosensory symptoms was not associated with COVID-19 severity. At a median time >2 months after the onset of symptoms, rates of total and partial olfaction recovery were 53.8% and 44.7%, while complete or partial return to previous taste function was 68.3% and 27.6%. Less than 5% of the patients reported no chemosensory function improvement at all.
PMC7444862; Exploring the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and UK lockdown on individuals with experience of eating disorders	Branley-Bell,  D,  Talbot, et al	J Eat Disord	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	A mixed-methods online survey was developed for the purpose of this study. Data was collected from 129 individuals currently experiencing, or in recovery from, an eating disorder during the early stages of the UK pandemic lockdown. Findings suggest that the pandemic is having a profound, negative impact upon individuals with experience of eating disorders. Eight key themes were generated: Disruption to living situation, increased social isolation and reduced access to usual support networks, changes to physical activity rates, reduced access to healthcare services, disruption to routine and perceived control, changes to relationship with food, increased exposure to triggering messages, and positive outcomes.
Immune correlates of SARS-CoV-2 protection	Brown,  M	Nat Rev Immunol	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie	This preprint study analysed an outbreak on a fishing vessel (n = 122) with an infection rate of 85%. Before departure, all individuals with available data (n = 120) were negative for SARS-CoV-2 infection by RT-PCR but 6 were positive for IgG against viral nucleoprotein. Of the 6 seropositive individuals, 3 had antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and its receptor-binding domain (RBD) that could both neutralize pseudotyped lentiviruses and block the interaction between the RBD and the virus entry receptor ACE2. These 3 individuals did not get infected, unlike the 103 individuals who lacked pre-existing nAbs, suggesting that nAb titres are a correlate of viral immunity and, potentially, vaccine efficacy.
Risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 detection in blood of critically ill patients	Buetti,  N,  Patrier, et al	Clin Infect Dis	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	We conducted a study using prospectively collected data at the Bichat University Hospital, France, in order to identify risk factors for SARSCoV-2 detection in blood in critically ill intubated patients. From March to April 2020, in 42 patients 81 blood samples for SARS-CoV-2 detection were collected; 30 samples (37%) were positive. In the multivariable analysis, immunosuppression significantly increased the risk for SARS-CoV-2 detection in blood (OR 8.95, 95% CI 1.17; 68.38, p=0.035, Table).
Diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for prolonged SARS-CoV-2 viral shedding in lower respiratory tract samples of critically ill patients	Buetti,  N,  Trimboli, et al	Endocrine	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	This prospective study was undertaken in critically ill patients to evaluate the reliability of single negative RT-PCR in lower tracheal aspirates (LTA) in predicting a second negative test and to analyze clinical factors potentially influencing the viral shedding. Forty-eight intubated SARS-CoV-2 patients were enrolled. Overall, we observed that the association of the first negative RT-PCR with a second negative result was 96.7%. Median viral shedding was 25 (IQR: 21.5-28) days since symptoms' onset. In the univariate Cox model analysis, type 2 diabetes mellitus was associated with a prolonged viral RNA shedding (hazard ratio HR]: 0.41, 95% CI: 0.06-3.11, p = 0.04). In the multivariate Cox model analysis, type 2 diabetes was associated with a prolonged viral RNA shedding (HR: 0.31, 95% CI: 0.11-0.89, p = 0.029).
Re-Testing Patients for COVID-19 after Symptomatic Recovery: a Work in Progress	Campion Dialo,  N,  Gantert, et al	J Gen Intern Med	Clinical data| Données cliniques	Case report: JA is a 59-year-old male with diet-controlled hyperlipidemia and no other medical history.  JA had prolonged RT-PCR positive tests (25 d post symptom resolution).  The paper discusses use of tests: Hospitals, health systems, and laboratories in the USA should focus efforts on deploying q-PCR tests for patients who need to return to work in high-risk environments (e.g., healthcare settings, or working with the elderly). For patients with lower-risk occupations whose symptoms have resolved, repeat RT-PCR testing should be used cautiously so as not to waste resources or unnecessarily delay return-to-work. Under the current guidelines, the CDC’s symptom-based strategy may be more effective and efficient than the test-based strategy for helping patients with low-risk occupations return to work both quickly and safely.
Absence of SARS-CoV-2 in the effluent of peritoneal dialysis patients	Candellier,  A,  Scohy, et al	Perit Dial Int	Clinical data| Données cliniques	Nasopharyngeal swabs obtained at admission showed high viral load in all three patients, whereas none of the PD effluent specimen tested positive, even after dialysate concentration. Those results support at most a very low SARS-CoV-2 dissemination risk by the peritoneal effluent of PD patients. Imposing special disposal procedures, such as the instillation of hypochlorite in the drainage bags to prevent viral spread to health-care workers, are probably not required.
No evidence of SARS-CoV-2 transfusion-transmission despite RNA detection in blood donors showing symptoms after donation	Cappy,  P,  Candotti, et al	Blood	Transmission	Behind a paywall
The Plight of Patients with Lupus Nephritis during the Outbreak of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China	Chen,  C,  Yao, et al	J Rheumatol	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	Here we report the outcomes of a cohort of 101 patients with lupus nephritis (LN) including 2 confirmed COVID-19 cases during a surge of the outbreak of COVID-19 from January to February 2020, in Wuhan, China.
The Early Impact of COVID-19 on Mental Health and Community Physical Health Services and Their Patients’ Mortality in Cambridgeshire and Peterborough, UK	Chen,  Shanquan,  Jones, et al	SSRN- Lancet prepublication	Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	We examined changes in presentations and referrals to the primary provider of mental health and community health services in Cambridgeshire and Peterborough, UK, plus service activity and deaths. COVID-19 has been associated with a system-wide drop in the use of mental health services, with some subsequent return in activity. Many services shifted from face-to-face to remote contacts. There has been a disproportionate increase in death among those with severe mental illness during the pandemic.
Changes in psychological wellbeing, attitude, and information-seeking behavior among people at the epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic: A panel survey of residents in Hubei province, China	Chen,  X,  Gao, et al	Epidemiol Infect	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	Data were obtained from a two-wave survey of 1,902 respondents aged 18-80 in Hubei province during the peak and mitigation stages of the outbreak. The results showed that the prevalence of psychological distress dropped from over 75% to around 15% throughout the study period, but perceived discrimination remained stable. Female, middle-aged, well-educated respondents and those employed in government/public institutions/state-owned enterprises tended to report more distress. While respondents’ attention on COVID-19 information kept high and stable, their sources of information diversified across different sociodemographic groups. Over time, people obtained more social support from neighborhoods than from their friends and relatives or non-government organizations. Over 80% of respondents were satisfied with the performance of the central government, which was notably higher than their ratings on the local government and neighborhood/village committees.
Association of COVID-19 with skin diseases and relevant biologics: a cross-sectional study using nationwide claim data in South Korea	Cho,  SI,  Kim, et al	Br J Dermatol	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	We aimed to identify the association between COVID-19 and skin diseases or biologics. The dataset contained a total of 234,427 (M/ F: 111,947/122,480) subjects who underwent COVID-19 testing. Of them, 7,590 (3.2%) were confirmed as COVID-19 (+), and 227 (3.0%) confirmed patients died. Amongst various skin diseases and biologics, no significant increase in the presence of specific skin diseases or exposure to biologics was observed in the COVID-19 (+) group, even after adjusting for or matching covariates. The presence of skin diseases and exposure to biologics also did not seem to affect clinical outcomes including mortality.
SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Factors ACE2 and TMPRSS2 are Expressed in the Pancreas but Not in Islet Endocrine Cells	Coate,  KatieC,  Cha, et al	bioRxiv	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Coronavirology| Coronavirologie	To define ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression in the human pancreas, we examined six transcriptional datasets from primary human islet cells and assessed protein expression by immunofluorescence in pancreata from donors with and without diabetes.
Headache and pleocytosis in CSF associated with COVID-19: case report	de Oliveira,  FAA,  Palmeira, et al	Neurol Sci	Clinical data| Données cliniques	In December 2019, a new coronavirus infection was identified in China. Although the clinical presentation of COVID-19 is predominantly respiratory, more than 35%% of patients have neurological symptoms. We report an elderly female with asthenia, dry cough, anosmia, ageusia, fever, nausea, and a severe and persistent headache. She had confirmed COVID-19 using the nasal swab RT-PCR technique. Her cranial tomography was normal. The CSF analysis demonstrated a cell count of 21 cells/mm(3) (80% lymphocytes and 20% monocytes), 34 mg/dl protein, and 79 mg/dl glucose. She improved after 4 days. Our report draws attention to the meningeal involvement of SARS-Cov-2.
The burden of COVID-19 in Brazil is greater in areas with high social deprivation	de Souza,  CDF,  do Carmo, et al	J Travel Med	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	This study showed a spatial association between COVID-19 and poor living conditions in a population in Northeast Brazil. The case fatality rate was 1.42 times higher in the municipalities with very high social deprivation. Priority municipalities have been identified for intervention by the public authorities.
Human development, social vulnerability and COVID-19 in Brazil: a study of the social determinants of health	de Souza,  CDF,  Machado, et al	Infect Dis Poverty	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie	an ecological study evaluating the relationship between COVID-19 incidence, mortality, and case fatality rates and 49 social indicators of human development and social vulnerability.  A total of 44.8% of municipalities registered confirmed cases of COVID-19 and 14.7% had deaths. We observed that 56.2% of municipalities with confirmed cases had very low human development (COVID-19 incidence rate: 59.00/100 000; mortality rate: 36.75/1 000 000), and 52.8% had very high vulnerability (COVID-19 incidence rate: 41.68/100 000; mortality rate: 27.46/1 000 000). The regression model showed 17 indicators associated with transmission of COVID-19 in Brazil.
A SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate would likely match all currently circulating variants	Dearlove,  B,  Lewitus, et al	Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A	Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Vaccine Research| Recherche sur les vaccins	Using 18,514 sequences, we perform phylogenetic, population genetics, and structural bioinformatics analyses. We find limited diversity across SARS-CoV-2 genomes: Only 11 sites show polymorphisms in >5% of sequences; yet two mutations, including the D614G mutation in Spike, have already become consensus. Because SARS-CoV-2 is being transmitted more rapidly than it evolves, the viral population is becoming more homogeneous, with a median of seven nucleotide substitutions between genomes. There is evidence of purifying selection but little evidence of diversifying selection, with substitution rates comparable across structural versus nonstructural genes. Finally, the Wuhan-Hu-1 reference sequence for the Spike protein, which is the basis for different vaccine candidates, matches optimized vaccine inserts, being identical to an ancestral sequence and one mutation away from the consensus. While the rapid spread of the D614G mutation warrants further study, our results indicate that drift and bottleneck events can explain the minimal diversity found among SARS-CoV-2 sequences. These findings suggest that a single vaccine candidate should be efficacious against currently circulating lineages.
Difference in levels of SARS-CoV-2 S1 and S2 subunits- and nucleocapsid protein-reactive SIgM/IgM, IgG and SIgA/IgA antibodies in human milk	Demers-Mathieu,  V,  Dung, et al	J Perinatol	Clinical data| Données cliniques Immunology | Immunologie	This study evaluated the presence and the levels of antibodies reactive to SARS-CoV-2 S1 and S2 subunits (S1 + S2), and nucleocapsid protein.  SARS-CoV-2 S1 + S2-reactive SIgA/IgA, SIgM/IgM and IgG were detected in 97.6%, 68.3% and 58.5% in human milk whereas nucleocapsid-reactive antibodies were detected in 56.4%, 87.2% and 46.2%, respectively. S1 + S2-reactive IgG was higher in milk from women that had symptoms of viral respiratory infection(s) during the last year than in milk from women without symptom. S1 + S2- and nucleocapsid-reactive IgG were higher in the 2020-HM group compared to the 2018-HM group. The presence of SARS-CoV-2-reactive antibodies in human milk could provide passive immunity to breastfed infants and protect them against COVID-19 diseases.
SARS-CoV-2 Serological Survey of Cats in China before and after the Pandemic	Deng,  J,  Liu, et al	Virol Sin	zoonoses	The serologically negative result of 1053 cats from 20 cities in our study indicates that cats play a limited role in transmission during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and as the social distancing animals the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 among cat populations could be minimum. However, this preliminary conclusion was made based on a relative limited number of cat serum samples.
Drug repurposing screen identifies masitinib as a 3CLpro inhibitor that blocks replication of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro	Drayman,  Nir,  Jones, et al	bioRxiv	Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Therapeutics| Thérapeutique	Here, we first screened a library of 1,900 clinically safe drugs for inhibiting replication of OC43, a human beta-coronavirus that causes the common-cold and is a relative of SARS-CoV-2, and identified 108 effective drugs. We further evaluated the top 26 hits and determined their ability to inhibit SARS-CoV-2, as well as other pathogenic RNA viruses. 20 of the 26 drugs significantly inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication in human lung cells.
[Quadruple negative SARS-CoV-2-PCR: still COVID-19 pneumonia!]	Dubbke-Laule,  A,  Gnauck, et al	Dtsch Med Wochenschr	Clinical data| Données cliniques	Case report of 78 year old male who contracted COVID-19 on a cruise.
Otolaryngological symptoms in COVID-19	Elibol,  E	Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of various otolaryngological symptoms in patients with COVID-19 with regard to age, gender and pneumonia-related thorax CT characteristics. METHODS: This is a retrospective study conducted between March 25, 2020 and April 25, 2020. The anamnesis and medical files of 155 patients who applied to our outpatient COVID-19 clinic were evaluated. Patients with positive PCR tests for COVID-19 who were aged between 18-72 years were divided into groups according to the presence of otolaryngological symptoms. The differences between the two groups were examined. RESULTS: Of the 155 patients, 89 (57.4%) had otolaryngological symptoms. The mean age of the patients was 36.3 ± 8.1 years. Ninety-one (58.7%) patients were female, and 64 (42.2%) were male. Fifty-eight (37.4%) patients had received a clinical diagnosis of viral pneumonia with ground glass findings in tomography. The frequency of otolaryngological symptoms was higher in females than males (p: 0.029). The otolaryngological symptoms were also observed to be more frequent in the 18-30 age group (p: 0.013) compared to other age groups. CONCLUSIONS: Tinnitus, gingivitis, sudden hearing loss, Bell's palsy, and hoarseness can be seen in COVID-19, albeit rarely. Revealing the otolaryngological symptoms of COVID-19, and obtaining more information about the extent of disease will be useful in managing patients and their complaints associated with otolaryngology.
Potential inhibitors of SARS-cov-2 RNA dependent RNA polymerase protein: molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations and MM-PBSA analyses	Elkarhat,  Z,  Charoute, et al	J Biomol Struct Dyn	Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Therapeutics| Thérapeutique	The aim of the present study is to identify the conservation level of nsp12 motifs (A-G), using consurf server, and discover their interactions with rifabutin, rifampicin, rifapentin, sorangicin A, streptolydigin, myxopyronin B, VXR and VRX using AutoDockTools-1.5.6, Gromacs 2018.2 and g-mmpbsa. Thus, the most of amino acids residues located in nsp12 protein Motifs (A-G) were predicted as highly conserved. Our results suggest that these ligands may be used as inhibitors of SARS-cov-2 nsp12 protein.
Mannose-Binding Lectin is Associated with Thrombosis and Coagulopathy in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients	Eriksson,  O,  Hultström, et al	Thromb Haemost	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	Mannose-binding lectin (MBL), a pattern recognition molecule that initiates the lectin pathway of complement activation, has been suggested as a potential amplifier of blood coagulation during thromboinflammation. Here we describe data from a cohort of critically ill COVID-19 patients (n = 65) treated at a tertiary hospital center intensive care unit (ICU). A subset of patients had strongly elevated MBL plasma levels, and activity upon ICU admission, and patients who developed symptomatic TE (14%) had significantly higher MBL levels than patients without TE. MBL was strongly correlated to plasma D-dimer levels, a marker of COVID-19 coagulopathy, but showed no relationship to degree of inflammation or other organ dysfunction. In conclusion, we have identified complement activation through the MBL pathway as a novel amplification mechanism that contributes to pathological thrombosis in critically ill COVID-19 patients.
Older Adults With Coronavirus Disease 2019; A Nationwide Study in Turkey	Esme,  M,  Koca, et al	J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	BACKGROUND: A novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 SARS-CoV-2]) occurred in China in December 2019 and has spread globally. In this study we aimed to describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized older adults with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Turkey. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of hospitalized patients aged ≥ 60 years with confirmed COVID-19 from March 11, 2020, to May 27, 2020 using nationwide health database. RESULTS: In this nationwide cohort, a total of 16942 hospitalized older adults with COVID-19 were enrolled, of whom 8635 (51%) were women. Mean age was 71.2 ± 8.5 years, ranging from 60 to 113 years. Mortality rate before and after curfew was statistically different (32.2% vs 17.9%; p & 0.001, respectively). Through multivariate analysis of the causes of death in older patients, we found that male gender, diabetes mellitus, heart failure, chronic kidney disease, dementia, cancer, admission to intensive care unit, computed tomography finding compatible with COVID-19 were all significantly associated with mortality in entire cohort. In addition to abovementioned risk factors, in patients aged between 60-79 years, coronary artery disease, oxygen support need, total number of drugs, and cerebrovascular disease during hospitalization, and in patients 80 years of age and older acute coronary syndrome during hospitalization were also associated with increased risk of mortality. CONCLUSIONS: In addition to the results of previous studies with smaller sample size, our results confirmed the age-related relationship between specific comorbidities and COVID-19 related mortality.
COVID-19 Drive-Through Point of Screening and Testing (POST) System: A Safe, Efficient, and Adaptable Model for Nasopharyngeal Swab Collection	Evans,  LK,  Shinagawa, et al	Disaster Med Public Health Prep	Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	OBJECTIVE: The authors aim to demonstrate that the current drive-through testing model at one health district was improved in certain parameters compared to a previous testing protocol, and also aim to provide the methodology of the current model for other COVID-19 testing sites to potentially emulate. METHODS: Initially, a small drive-through site was constructed at a converted tuberculosis clinic, but due to an increase in testing needs, an expanded point of screening and testing (POST) system was developed in an event center parking lot to administer tests to a higher volume of patients. RESULTS: An average of 51.1 patients were tested each day (2.0 tests per personnel in PPE per hour) at the initial tuberculosis clinic drive-through site, which increased to 217.8 patients tested each day (5.9 tests per personnel in PPE per hour) with the new drive-through POST system (p<0.001). Mean testing time was 3.4 minutes and the total time on site averaged 14.4 minutes. CONCLUSIONS: This POST drive-through testing system serves as an efficient, safe, and adaptable model for high volume COVID-19 nasopharyngeal swabbing that the authors recommend other COVID-19 testing sites nationwide consider adopting for their own use.
Extracardiac Imaging Findings in COVID-19 Associated Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children	Fenlon,  EdwardPatrickMD,  Chen, et al	Research Square prepub	Clinical data| Données cliniques	We reviewed the radiologic findings of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) in a cohort of children with a confirmed diagnosis of the syndrome. COVID-19 associated MIS-C was shown to cause a constellation of findings in the chest and abdomen, most often showing bilateral diffuse pulmonary abnormalities and small volume ascites.
Preliminary Data of a Quantitative Point of Care Test for SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies From Greece	Fragkou,  PC,  Papaevangelou, et al	In Vivo	Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes	BACKGROUND: Antibody testing is necessary to identify immune individuals in the post-initial wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We prospectively evaluated the performance of a quantitative point-of-care test (POCT) for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The patient group (PG) comprised of hospitalized confirmed COVID-19 cases. Asymptomatic healthcare volunteers with negative rRT-PCR were included in the control group (CG). Measurement of IgM and IgG was obtained by dry fluorescence immunoassay. RESULTS: Twenty-six PG (65.9±15.4 years old, male 57.7%) and 18 CG (45.6±10.1 years old, male 33.3%) were included. By manufacturer's cut-off (≥0.04 mIU/ml), sensitivity and specificity were 73.08% and 88.89% for IgM and 88.46% and 33.33% for IgG, respectively. Estimated areas under the ROC curve were 0.907 and 0.848 for IgM and IgG, respectively. Results were improved using a cut-off of IgM ≥0.05 mIU/ml and IgG ≥0.10 mIU/ml. CONCLUSION: Using stringent cut-off values, SARS-CoV-2 antibody POCT detects immune people and can be used during socioeconomic normalization of communities.
Are older adults also at higher psychological risk from COVID-19?	García-Portilla,  P,  de la Fuente Tomás, et al	Aging Ment Health	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	OBJECTIVE: Given the lack of information on the psychological impact of COVID-19 on people aged ≥60, we aimed to describe their psychological responses to this pandemic and lockdown situation and compare them with those under 60 years of age. METHODS: Secondary analysis of a larger online cross-sectional study designed to determine the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown across Spain. We analyzed a total of 1690 respondents aged ≥60 years and compared them with 13,363 respondents under 60 years of age. We employed the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale and the Impact of Event Scale to evaluate psychological responses. RESULTS: In all, 52.6% of women and 34.3% of men were found to be probable cases of any emotional distress (p < 0.001). In both sexes, the most common psychological response was avoidance behavior (34.7% and 23.8%, respectively), followed by depression (28.5 and 14.2%). Older women and men were considered probable cases of any emotional distress less often than younger ones (women: 52.6% vs. 72.3%, p < 0.001; men: 34.3% vs. 50.6%, p < 0.001). Finally, the results of the binary logistic regression showed that only depressive and stress responses are psychological factors associated with age group age ≥ 60 years, O.R. = 0.617 (95% CI = 0.501 - 0.759) and 0.437 (95% CI = 0.334 - 0.573), respectively]. CONCLUSION: Contrary to our hypothesis and despite the high percentage of emotional distress we found in older adults, especially women, they are actually at lower risk of developing depressive and stress consequences from COVID-19 and lockdown than those under 60 years of age. That said, we believe our results highlight the need for expert guidance in this age group, especially older women living alone.
Evaluation of sample pooling for diagnosis of COVID-19 by Real time PCR- A resource saving combat strategy	Garg,  J,  Singh, et al	J Med Virol	Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes	In current scenario pooled sample testingstrategy advocated by ICMR, New Delhiis a new approach which is very promising in resource limited settings. In this study we have evaluated pooled strategy in terms of accurate testing results, utilization of consumables and identification of border line positive cases.  METHODS: Between April-June 2020 we performed COVID-19 testing by RTPCR from areas with varying prevalence of population referred to COVID laboratory, Dr RMLIMS, Lucknow. In a first step the samples are collated into pools of 5 or 10.These pools are tested by RT-PCR. Negative Pools were reported as negative whereas positive pools of 5 and 10 are then deconvoluted and each sample is tested individually. RESULTS: In the present study, we tested 4620 samples in 462 pools of 10 and 14940 samples in 2990 pools of 5. Among 10 samples pool 61 (13%) pools flagged positive in first step. In second step among 61 pools (610 samples) deconvoluted strategy was followed in which 72 individual samples came positive. Pooled-sample testing strategy helps saves substantial resources and time during surge testing and enhanced pandemic surveillance. This approach requires around 76% to 93% less tests done in low to moderate prevalence settings and group sizes up to 5-10 in a population, compared to individual testing.
COVID-19 Lockdown Policies at the State and Local Level	Goolsbee,  Austan,  Luo, et al	SSRN- Lancet prepublication	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique Economics | Économie	This paper describes a new publicly available dataset on shutdown orders and related policies at the county and city level across the United States during the early part of the COVID-19 crisis, from March through May of 2020. In hundreds of counties around the country, local governments issued sheltering orders before their state did. In this note, we show that these local policies were prevalent and their timing differed from the more widely used state-level policies. Locations that adopted policies before their state did tend to be larger, have higher COVID caseloads, and a smaller GOP vote share in 2016. Basic analysis of the economic impact of the orders indicates that the county-level information is important and substantially more accurate than using state-level information alone.
Humoral Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 in Iceland	Gudbjartsson,  DF,  Norddahl, et al	N Engl J Med	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Immunology | Immunologie	BACKGROUND: Little is known about the nature and durability of the humoral immune response to infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). METHODS: We measured antibodies in serum samples from 30,576 persons in Iceland, using six assays (including two pan-immunoglobulin pan-Ig] assays), and we determined that the appropriate measure of seropositivity was a positive result with both pan-Ig assays. We tested 2102 samples collected from 1237 persons up to 4 months after diagnosis by a quantitative polymerase-chain-reaction (qPCR) assay. We measured antibodies in 4222 quarantined persons who had been exposed to SARS-CoV-2 and in 23,452 persons not known to have been exposed. RESULTS: Of the 1797 persons who had recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection, 1107 of the 1215 who were tested (91.1%) were seropositive; antiviral antibody titers assayed by two pan-Ig assays increased during 2 months after diagnosis by qPCR and remained on a plateau for the remainder of the study. Of quarantined persons, 2.3% were seropositive; of those with unknown exposure, 0.3% were positive. We estimate that 0.9% of Icelanders were infected with SARS-CoV-2 and that the infection was fatal in 0.3%. We also estimate that 56% of all SARS-CoV-2 infections in Iceland had been diagnosed with qPCR, 14% had occurred in quarantined persons who had not been tested with qPCR (or who had not received a positive result, if tested), and 30% had occurred in persons outside quarantine and not tested with qPCR. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that antiviral antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 did not decline within 4 months after diagnosis. We estimate that the risk of death from infection was 0.3% and that 44% of persons infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Iceland were not diagnosed by qPCR.
Modeling the Inactivation of Viruses from the Coronaviridae Family in Response to Temperature and Relative Humidity in Suspensions or on Surfaces	Guillier,  L,  Martin-Latil, et al	Appl Environ Microbiol	Coronavirology| Coronavirologie	This article reviews inactivation data regarding coronaviruses on surfaces and in liquids from published studies and develops secondary models to predict coronaviruses inactivation as a function of temperature and relative humidity. Five different models were fitted to the global data set of D values. The most appropriate model considered temperature and relative humidity. A spreadsheet predicting the inactivation of coronaviruses and the associated uncertainty is presented.
Engineered Trimeric ACE2 Binds and Locks "Three-up" Spike Protein to Potently Inhibit SARS-CoVs and Mutants	Guo,  Liang,  Bi, et al	bioRxiv	Coronavirology| Coronavirologie	To prevent mutational escape of SARS-CoV-2 and to prepare for future related coronavirus outbreaks, we engineered a de novo trimeric ACE2 (T-ACE2) protein scaffold that binds the trimeric spike protein with extremely high affinity (KD < 1 pM), while retaining ACE2 native sequence. T26 ACE2 potently inhibits all tested pseudotyped viruses including SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, eight naturally occurring SARS-CoV-2 mutants, two SARSr-CoVs as well as authentic SARS28 CoV-2.
PMC7452913; In silico structure modelling of SARS-CoV-2 Nsp13 helicase and Nsp14 and repurposing of FDA approved antiviral drugs as dual inhibitors	Gurung,  AB	Gene Rep	Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Therapeutics| Thérapeutique	. In the present study, the in silico models of SARS-CoV-2 nsp13 helicase and nsp14 protein were elucidated using a comparative homology modelling approach. These in silico model structures were validated using various parameters such as Ramachandran plot, Verify 3D score, ERRAT score, knowledge-based energy and Z-score. The in silico models were further used for virtual screening of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved antiviral drugs. Simeprevir (SMV), Paritaprevir (PTV) and Grazoprevir (GZR) were the common leads identified which show higher binding affinity to both nsp13 helicase and nsp14 as compared to the control inhibitors and therefore, they might be potential dual-target inhibitors. The leads also establish a network of hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions with the key residues lining the active site pockets. The present findings suggest that these FDA approved antiviral drugs can be subjected to repurposing against SARS-CoV-2 infection after verifying the in silico results through in vitro and in vivo studies.
From Face-to-Face to Online Modality: Implications for Undergraduate Learning While the World is Temporarily Closed in the Age of COVID-19	Hacisalihoglu,  Gokhan	bioRxiv	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	The aim of the present study is to evaluate the pandemic related changes for undergraduate students, to assess their perspectives related to their learning, experiences in two courses, and to discuss the far-reaching potential implications for the upcoming summer and fall semesters.
Adaptations to the current ECCO/ESPGHAN guidelines on the management of paediatric acute severe colitis in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: a RAND appropriateness panel	Hansen,  R,  Meade, et al	Gut	Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	OBJECTIVE: Paediatric acute severe colitis (ASC) management during the novel SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic is challenging due to reliance on immunosuppression and the potential for surgery. We aimed to provide COVID-19-specific guidance using the European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation/European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition guidelines for comparison.  DESIGN: We convened a RAND appropriateness panel comprising 14 paediatric gastroenterologists and paediatric experts in surgery, rheumatology, respiratory and infectious diseases. Panellists rated the appropriateness of interventions for ASC in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results were discussed at a moderated meeting prior to a second survey. RESULTS: Panellists recommended patients with ASC have a SARS-CoV-2 swab and expedited biological screening on admission and should be isolated. A positive swab should trigger discussion with a COVID-19 specialist. Sigmoidoscopy was recommended prior to escalation to second-line therapy or colectomy. Methylprednisolone was considered appropriate first-line management in all, including those with symptomatic COVID-19. Thromboprophylaxis was also recommended in all. In patients requiring second-line therapy, infliximab was considered appropriate irrespective of SARS-CoV-2 status. Delaying colectomy due to SARS-CoV-2 infection was considered inappropriate. Corticosteroid tapering over 8-10 weeks was deemed appropriate for all. After successful corticosteroid rescue, thiopurine maintenance was rated appropriate in patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 swab and asymptomatic patients with positive swab but uncertain in symptomatic COVID-19.
Efficacy of Chest CT for COVID-19 Pneumonia in France	Herpe,  G,  Lederlin, et al	Radiology	Clinical data| Données cliniques Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes	Background The role and performance of chest CT in the diagnosis of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic remains under active investigation. Purpose To evaluate the French national experience using Chest CT for COVID-19, results of chest CT and RT-PCR were compared together and with the final discharge diagnosis used as reference standard. Materials and Methods A structured CT scan survey (NCT04339686) was sent to 26 hospital radiology departments in France between March 2 and April 24 2020. These dates correspond to the peak of the national COVID-19 epidemic. Radiology departments were selected to reflect the estimated geographical prevalence heterogeneities of the epidemic. All symptomatic patients suspected of having a COVID-19 pneumonia who underwent within 48 hours both initial chest CT and at least one RT-PCR testing were included. The final discharge diagnosis, based on multiparametric items, was recorded. Data for each center were prospectively collected and gathered each week. Test efficacy was determined by using Mann-Whitney Test, Student's t-test, Chi-square test and Pearson's correlation. A p value <.05 determined statistical significance. Results Twenty-six of 26 hospital radiology departments responded to the survey with 7500 patients entered; 2652 did not have RT-PCR results or had unknown or excess delay between RT-PCR and CT. After exclusions, 4824 patients (mean age 64, ± 19 yrs, 2669 males) were included. Using final diagnosis as the reference, 2564 of the 4824 patients were positive for COVID-19 (53%). Sensitivity, specificity, NPV and PPV of chest CT for diagnosing COVID-19 were 2319/2564 (90%, 95% confidence interval CI]: 89, 91), 2056/2260 (91%, 95%CI: 91, 92%), 2056/2300 (89%, 95%CI; 87, 90%) and 2319/2524 (92%, 95%CI 91, 93%) respectively. There was no significant difference for chest CT efficacy among the 26 geographically separate sites, each with varying amounts of disease prevalence. Conclusion Use of chest CT for the initial diagnosis and triage of suspected COVID-19 patients was successful.
Rapid creation of an emergency department telehealth program during the COVID-19 pandemic	Heslin,  SM,  Nappi, et al	J Telemed Telecare	Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread to nearly every continent, with over 2.6 m cases confirmed worldwide. Emergency departments care for a significant number of patients who are under investigation for COVID-19 or are COVID-19-positive. When patients present in the emergency department, there is an increased risk of spreading the virus to other patients and staff. We designed an emergency department telehealth program for patients physically in the emergency department, to reduce exposure and conserve personal protective equipment. While traditional telehealth is designed to be patient-specific and device-independent, our emergency department telehealth program was device-specific and patient-independent. In this article, we describe how we rapidly implemented our emergency department telehealth program, used for 880 min of contact time and 523 patient encounters in a 30-day period, which decreased exposure to COVID-19 and conserved personal protective equipment. We share our challenges, successes and recommendations for designing an emergency department telehealth program, building the technological aspects, and deploying telehealth devices in the emergency department environment. Our recommendations can be adopted by other emergency departments to create and run their own emergency department telehealth initiatives.
Incentives, lockdown, and testing: from Thucydides's analysis to the COVID-19 pandemic	Hubert,  Emma,  Mastrolia, et al	arXiv	Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Transmission Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique	We consider the control of the COVID-19 pandemic via incentives, through either stochastic SIS or SIR compartmental models. The numerical results confirm the relevance of a tax and testing policy to improve the control of an epidemic. More precisely, if a tax policy is put into place, even in the absence of a specific testing policy, the population is encouraged to significantly reduce its interactions, thus limiting the spread of the disease. If the government also adjusts its testing policy, less effort is required on the population side, so individuals can interact almost as usual, and the epidemic is largely contained by the targeted isolation of positively-tested individuals.
Clinical Study of Hyperglycemia and SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Intensive Care Unit Patients	Ilias,  I,  Jahaj, et al	In Vivo	Clinical data| Données cliniques	BACKGROUND/AIM: Reports indicate that coronaviridae may inhibit insulin secretion. In this report we aimed to describe the course of glycemia in critically ill patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We studied 36 SARS-CoV-2 patients (with no history of diabetes) in one intensive care unit (ICU). All the patients were admitted for hypoxemic respiratory failure; all but four required mechanical ventilation. The mean (±SD) age of the patients was 64.7 (9.7) years; 27 were men; the mean (±SD) duration of ICU stay was 12.9 (8.3 days). RESULTS: Twenty of 36 patients presented with hyperglycemia; brief intravenous infusions of short-acting insulin were administered in six patients. As of May 29 2020, 11 patients had died (seven with hyperglycemia). In 17 patients the Hyperglycemia Index HGI; defined as the area under the curve of (hyper)glycemia level*time (h) divided by the total time in the ICU] was <16.21 mg/dl (0.90 mmol/l), whereas in three patients the HGI was ≥16.21 mg/dl (0.90 mol/l) and <32.25 mg/dl (1.79 mmol/l). CONCLUSION: In our series of ICU patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, and no history of diabetes, a substantial number of patients had hyperglycemia, to a higher degree than would be expected by the stress of critical illness, lending credence to reports that speculated a tentative association between SARS-CoV-2 and hyperglycemia. This finding is important, since hyperglycemia can lead to further infectious complications.
Repurposing simeprevir, calpain inhibitor IV and a cathepsin F inhibitor against SARS-CoV-2 and insights into their interactions with M(pro)	J,  A,  Francis, et al	J Biomol Struct Dyn	Therapeutics| Thérapeutique	The world has come to a sudden halt due to the incessant spread of a viral pneumonia dubbed COVID-19 caused by the beta-coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2. The main protease of SARS-CoV-2 plays a key role in the replication and propagation of the virus in the host cells. Inhibiting the protease blocks the replication of the virus; therefore it is considered as an attractive therapeutic target. Here we describe the screening of the DrugBank database, a public repository for small molecule therapeutics, to identify approved or experimental phase drugs that can be repurposed against the main protease of SARS-CoV-2. The initial screening was performed on more than 13,000 drug entries in the target database using an energy optimised pharmacophore hypothesis AARRR. A sub-set of the molecules selected based on the fitness score was further screened using molecular docking by sequentially filtering the molecules through the high throughput virtual screening, extra precision and standard precision docking modalities. The best hits were subjected to binding free energy estimation using the MM-GBSA method. Approved drugs viz, Cobicistat, Larotrectinib and Simeprevir were identified as potential candidates for repurposing. Drugs in the discovery phase identified as inhibitors include the known cysteine protease inhibitors, Calpain inhibitor IV and an experimental cathepsin F inhibitor. In order to analyse the stability of the binding interactions, the known cysteine protease inhibitors viz, Simeprevir, calpain inhibitor IV and the cathepsin F inhibitor in complex M(pro) were subjected to molecular dynamics simulations at 100 ns. Based on the results Simeprevir was found to be a strong inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 M(pro). Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Using serpins cysteine protease cross-specificity to possibly trap SARS-CoV-2 Mpro with reactive center loop chimera	Jairajpuri,  MA,  Ansari, et al	Clin Sci (Lond)	Therapeutics| Thérapeutique	Human serine protease inhibitors (serpins) are the main inhibitors of serine proteases, but some of them also have the capability to effectively inhibit cysteine proteases. Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) main protease (Mpro) is a chymotrypsin-type cysteine protease that is needed to produce functional proteins essential for virus replication and transcription. Serpin traps its target proteases by presenting a reactive center loop (RCL) as protease-specific cleavage site, resulting in protease inactivation. Mpro target sites with its active site serine and other flanking residues can possibly interact with serpins. Alternatively, RCL cleavage site of serpins with known evidence of inhibition of cysteine proteases can be replaced by Mpro target site to make chimeric proteins. Purified chimeric serpin can possibly inhibit Mpro that can be assessed indirectly by observing the decrease in ability of Mpro to cleave its chromogenic substrate. Chimeric serpins with best interaction and active site binding and with ability to form 1:1 serpin-Mpro complex in human plasma can be assessed by using SDS/PAGE and Western blot analysis with serpin antibody. Trapping SARS-CoV-2 Mpro cysteine protease using cross-class serpin cysteine protease inhibition activity is a novel idea with significant therapeutic potential.
Strategies to handle increased demand in the COVID-19 crisis: A coronavirus EMS support track and a web-based self-triage system	Jensen,  T,  Holgersen, et al	Prehosp Emerg Care	Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	BackgroundIn emergencies, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, there is an increased need for contact with emergency medical services (EMS), and call volume might surpass capacity. The Copenhagen EMS operates two telephone line the 1-1-2 emergency number and the 1813 medical helpline. A separate coronavirus support track was implemented on the 1813 medical helpline and a web-based self-triage (web triage) system was created to reduce non-emergency call volume. The aim of this paper is to present call volume and the two measures implemented to handle the increased call volume to the Copenhagen EMS.MethodsThis is a cross sectional observational study. Call volume and queue time is presented in the first month of the COVID-19 pandemic (27th of February 2020 to 27(th) of march) and compared to the equivalent month from the year before (2019). Descriptive statistics are conducted on call volumes and queue times and spearman's rank correlation test are performed to test correlation between web triage and call volume.ResultsTotal EMS call volume increase by 23.3% between 2019 and 2020 (92.670 vs. 114,250). The 1-1-2 emergency line total call volume increase by 4.4% (8,4942 vs. 8,870) and the 1813 medical helpline increased by 25.1% (84.176 vs. 105.380). The coronavirus support track handled 21,063 calls. The 1813 medical helpline queue time was a mean of 02 minutes and 23 seconds (CI: 2.22-2.25) in 2019 and 12 minutes and 2 seconds (CI 11:55-12:09) in 2020 (P < 0.001). The web triage was used 10,894 times. No correlation between call volume and web triage usage was seen.ConclusionsIn the first month of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic a significant increase in call volume was observed in the 1813 medical helpline compared to 2019. A large number of calls were handled by the additional coronavirus track and diverted away from the regular tracks of the 1813 medical helpline. This likely contributed to mitigating increased call volumes and queue times. The web triage was widely used but no significant correlation was seen with 1813 medical helpline call volume. Other EMS organizations can learn from this to enhance capacity in a future epidemics.
Changes in intimate partner violence during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in the USA	Jetelina,  KK,  Knell, et al	Inj Prev	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	The objective of this study is to describe intimate partner violence (IPV) severity and types of victimization during the early states of the COVID19 pandemic. A survey was distributed through social media and email distribution lists. The survey was open for 14 days in April 2020 and 2441 participated. Information on IPV, COVID19-related IPV severity, sociodemographics, and COVID19-related behaviors (eg, job loss) were collected. Regression models were used to evaluate COVID19-related IPV severity across victimization types and sociodemographics. 18% screened positive for IPV. Among the respondents that screened positive, 54% stated the victimization remained the same since the COVID19 outbreak, while 17% stated it worsened and 30% stated it got better. The odds of worsening victimization during the pandemic was significantly higher among physical and sexual violence. While the majority of IPV participants reported victimization to remain the same, sexual and physical violence was exacerbated during the early stages of the pandemic. Addressing victimization during the pandemic (and beyond) must be multi-sectorial.
Probable Evidence of Fecal Aerosol Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in a High-Rise Building	Kang,  M,  Wei, et al	Ann Intern Med	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Transmission	fecal aerosols in the transmission: To investigate the temporal and spatial distributions of 3 infected families in a high-rise apartment building and examine the associated environment variables to verify the role of fecal aerosols. 9 infected patients in 3 families were identified. The first family had a history of travel to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epicenter Wuhan, whereas the other 2 families had no travel history and a later onset of symptoms. No evidence was found for transmission via the elevator or elsewhere. The families lived in 3 vertically aligned flats connected by drainage pipes in the master bathrooms. Both the observed infections and the locations of positive environmental samples are consistent with the vertical spread of virus-laden aerosols via these stacks and vents.
Pulmonary Fibrosis Due to COVID-19 Pneumonia	Kayhan,  S,  Kocakoç, et al	Korean J Radiol	Clinical data| Données cliniques	A 59-year old man was admitted to the chest department with a one-week history of dry cough and acute onset of fever and dyspnea. Unenhanced CT revealed focal GGOs in the left upper lobe of the lung. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction test result was negative. One week later, control chest CT was obtained and chest CT showed bilateral multifocal mixed GGOs and crazy-paving pattern . A repeat RT-PCR test result was positive.  Five days later, fever decreased, oxygen saturations levels improved and control chest CT showed decreased GGOs and crazy-paving patterns with peripheral cystic changes and interlobulary septal thickening causing the typical ‘honeycomb’ appearances due to pulmonary fibrosis.
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors do not increase the risk of poor outcomes in COVID-19 disease. A multi-centre observational study	Khan,  KS,  Reed-Embleton, et al	Scott Med J	Clinical data| Données cliniques	BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Hypertension is associated with an increased risk of severe outcomes with COVID-19 disease. Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are widely used as a first line medication for the treatment of hypertension in the UK, although their use was suggested in early reports to increase the risk associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. METHODS: A prospective cohort study of hospitalised patients with laboratory confirmed COVID-19 was conducted across three hospital sites with patients identified on the 9th April 2020. Demographic and other baseline data were extracted from electronic case records, and patients grouped depending on ACE inhibitor usage or not. The 60-day all-cause mortality and need for intubation compared. RESULTS: Of the 173 patients identified, 88 (50.8%) had hypertension. Of these 27 (30.7%) used ACE inhibitors. We did not find significant differences in 60-day all-cause mortality, the requirement for invasive ventilation or length of stay between our patient cohorts after adjusting for covariates. CONCLUSION: This study contributes to the growing evidence supporting the continued use of ACE inhibitors in COVID-19 disease, although adequately powered randomised controlled trials will be needed to confirm effects.
PMC7439099; Intestinal ischemia secondary to Covid-19	Khesrani,  LS,  Chana, et al	J Pediatr Surg Case Rep	Clinical data| Données cliniques	With the wide spread of the current SARS-Cov (Covid-19), It was found that about 2% of children was affected according to several studies, it should be mentioned that Those children are most often asymptomatic, but the current concern is about a vascular inflammatory disease which is similar to Kawasaki disease observed in children with Covid-19. we report a case of a 9-year-old girl, known to have idiopathic medullar aplasia, admitted to the emergency department for a pseudo appendicular syndrome with shock, neurological abnormalities and skin lesions. She underwent an emergency surgery; the peroperative exploration suggested an ischemic bowel lesion of the ileal loop and a healthy appendix. The link involving a Covid-19 infection was well established (RT-PCR +). We shared in common our clinical, radiological, biological and pathological data to draw attention towards the intestinal vasculitis that can be a part in the MIS-C related to Covid 19. To our best knowledge, this is the first case encountered of combination between Covid-19 with intestinal ischemic in children.
Rates of COVID-19-associated hospitalization in British Columbia and Ontario: time course of flattening the relevant curve	Kramer,  CK,  Retnakaran, et al	Can J Public Health	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique Surveillance	The objective of social distancing is to slow the rate of viral transmission and thereby spread out the incidence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases over time (i.e., flattening the curve) so that a surge of patients will not overwhelm the capacity of the healthcare system. Given this objective, the specific curve that requires flattening is that of COVID-19-associated hospitalizations. In this context, we evaluated the rates of COVID-19-associated hospitalization in British Columbia (BC) and Ontario to see if either province shows evidence of flattening the relevant curve. From late March to mid-June 2020, the cumulative rate of COVID-19-associated hospitalization in BC has indeed shown evidence of flattening, whereas that in Ontario has increased linearly. The cumulative hospitalization rate in Ontario first surpassed that of BC on April 14. By June 18, the respective hospitalization rates per 100,000 population were 27.86 for Ontario and 9.96 for BC. In both provinces, the cumulative hospitalization rate has remained lower than that of comparator US states. In conclusion, there is evidence of flattening the relevant curve in BC but not yet in Ontario. The comparison with BC underscores the need for continued caution with the relaxation of social distancing efforts in Ontario.
Characteristics and Outcomes of Mechanically Ventilated COVID-19 Patients-An Observational Cohort Study	Krause,  M,  Douin, et al	J Intensive Care Med	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	BACKGROUND: The United States currently has more confirmed cases of COVID-19 than any other country in the world. Given the variability in COVID-19 testing and prevention capability, identifying factors associated with mortality in patients requiring mechanical ventilation is critical. This study aimed to identify which demographics, comorbidities, markers of disease progression, and interventions are associated with 30-day mortality in COVID-19 patients requiring mechanical ventilation. METHODS: Adult patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 admitted to one of the health system's intensive care units and requiring mechanical ventilation between March 9, 2020 and April 1, 2020, were included in this observational cohort study. We used Chi-Square and Mann-Whitney U tests to compare patient characteristics between deceased and living patients and multiple logistic regression to assess the association between independent variables and the likelihood of 30-day mortality. RESULTS: We included 85 patients, of which 20 died (23.5%) within 30 days of the first hospital admission. In the univariate analysis, deceased patients were more likely ≥60 years of age (p < 0.001), non-Hispanic (p = 0.026), and diagnosed with a solid malignant tumor (p = 0.003). Insurance status also differed between survivors and non-survivors (p = 0.019). Age ≥60 and malignancy had a 9.5-fold (95% confidence interval 1.4-62.3, p = 0.020) and 5.8-fold higher odds ratio (95% confidence interval 1.2-28.4, p = 0.032) for 30-day mortality after adjusted analysis using multivariable logistic regression, while other independent variables were no longer significant. CONCLUSIONS: In our observational cohort study of 85 mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients, age, and a diagnosis of a solid malignant tumor were associated with 30-day mortality. Our findings validate concerns for the survival of elderly and cancer patients in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States, where testing capabilities and preventative measures have been inconsistent. Preventative efforts geared to patients at risk for intensive care unit mortality from COVID-19 should be explored.
Proposal of a recursive compartment model of epidemics and applications to the Covid-19 pandemic	Kreck,  Matthias,  Scholz, et al	arXiv	Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique	This is work in progress. We propose a discrete, recursive 5-compartment model for the spread of epidemics, and it can be used to reproduce the development of an epidemic from a small number of parameters closely related to the data. We demonstrate this at the development in Germany and Switzerland and it might be a useful tool for shedding light on which interventions might be most effective in the future.
Skin manifestations in COVID-19 provide a clue for disease's pathophysiology understanding	Kubanov,  AA,  Deryabin, et al	J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol	Clinical data| Données cliniques	The most common symptoms of COVID-19 are fever, malaise, headache, muscle pain, dry cough and pneumonia, which showed the disease as an upper respiratory tract viral infection. The first observation about COVID-19 patients who develop cutaneous manifestations was done by S. Recalcati (1). In numerous French (2), Belgian (3) Spanish (4) and Italian (5) studies, the diversity of inflammatory and vascular skin lesions in COVID-19 was described. In sum, according 46 articles data with a pooled total of 997 unique patients from 9 countries, the skin manifestations frequency up to 20,45% (6). The most commonly reported symptoms are chilblain-like (40,1%), maculopapular (23.1%) and vesicular lesions (10,1%), urticaria (21,8%), livedoid/necrotic lesions (2,3%), and other non-classified skin lesions (19,8%). Thus, the COVID-19 epidemic in Europe shows skin features as not a universal but widespread disease's manifestation, which requires to find out the relationship between the virus and the skin.
ACE2 and SARS-CoV-2 Expression in the Normal and COVID-19 Pancreas	Kusmartseva,  Irina,  Wu, et al	bioRxiv	Clinical data| Données cliniques Coronavirology| Coronavirologie	We examined pancreatic expression of the key molecule for SARS-CoV-2 infection of cells, angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2).  SARS-CoV-2 infection of pancreatic endocrine cells, via ACE2, appears an unlikely central pathogenic feature of COVID-19 as it relates to diabetes.
Impact of COVID-19 on percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-elevation myocardial infarction	Kwok,  CS,  Gale, et al	Heart	Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	The objective of the study was to identify any changes in primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in England by analysing procedural numbers, clinical characteristics and patient outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Following the lockdown in England, authors observed a decline in primary PCI procedures for STEMI and increases in overall symptom-to-hospital and door-to-balloon time for patients with STEMI. Restructuring health services during COVID-19 has not adversely influenced in-hospital outcomes.
Ivermectin Docks to the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Receptor-binding Domain Attached to ACE2	Lehrer,  S,  Rheinstein, et al	In Vivo	Coronavirology| Coronavirologie	Authors carried out a docking study to determine if ivermectin might be able to attach to the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain bound with ACE2.  The ivermectin docking authors identified may interfere with the attachment of the spike to the human cell membrane.
Online laboratory exercise on computational biology: Phylogenetic analyses and protein modeling based on SARS-CoV-2 data during COVID-19 remote instruction	Lorusso,  NS,  Shumskaya, et al	Biochem Mol Biol Educ	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	Suspended on-site instruction during the COVID-19 created an exceptional challenge for teaching hands-on laboratory classes. We designed an online laboratory activity using computational biology techniques to overcome this issue. This set of online exercises introduces bioinformatics skills into existing curricula in the form of guided tutorials based on molecular data on SARS-CoV-2 virus.
Potential of Plant Proteins Digested In Silico by Gastrointestinal Enzymes as Nutritional Supplement for COVID-19 Patients	Luo,  Z,  Su, et al	Plant Foods Hum Nutr	Therapeutics| Thérapeutique	This study tried to provide reference for protein supplementation for COVID-19 patients. A number of plant proteins could be helpful for COVID-19 patients when supplemented with these proteins, the identified oligopeptides could be used as lead compound to design potential entry inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2.
Characterizing early Canadian federal, provincial, territorial and municipal nonpharmaceutical interventions in response to COVID-19: a descriptive analysis	McCoy,  LG,  Smith, et al	CMAJ Open	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique	Authors describe the development of the comprehensive open Canadian Non-Pharmaceutical Intervention (CAN-NPI) data set, which identifies and classifies all NPIs implemented in regions across Canada in response to COVID-19, and provides an accompanying description of geographic and temporal heterogeneity. There was substantial geographic and temporal heterogeneity in NPI implementation across Canada, highlighting the importance of a subnational lens in evaluating the COVID-19 pandemic response.
Orthopaedic surgeons’ perceptions on COVID-19 related changes in practice: an international survey	Meraghni,  Nadhir,  Bouyoucef, et al	Research Square prepub	Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	The purpose of this online survey study was to assess the orthopaedic surgeons’ perceptions on COVID-19 related changes in their practice.  Among the introduced measures, elective surgery was postponed to free-up beds for suspected or COVID-19 positive patients requiring hospitalization. Additionally, the number of outpatient visits was considerably decreased and non-urgent visits were postponed to reduce the flow of patients in and out of hospitals and therefore minimize the risk of contamination. Interestingly, data revealed the willingness of orthopaedic surgeons to take care of COVID-19 positive patients and support their colleagues in intensive care units, if needed.
Airway Management of COVID-19 Positive Patients Aboard USNS COMFORT Mission to New York City	Meyer,  CD,  Capra, et al	J Craniofac Surg	Transmission Infection Prevention and Control/ Prévention et contrôle des infections (IPAC/PCI) Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	During the USNS Comfort mobilization to New York City in response to the pandemic, the ship's medical team cared for over 35 mechanically ventilated corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infected patients. Due to the better than expected mortality rates of these patients, tracheotomy for prolonged intubation or other indicated interventional bronchoscopies were performed on 7 COVID positive patients, as well as 2 with negative screening tests. No member of the health care team subsequently became symptomatic or tested positive for COVID-19. This was in part due to the formation of a dedicated surgical airway team, use of standardized procedural techniques and personal protective equipment (PPE), and construction of a negative pressure operating room within the COVID-19 isolation ward on the ship. This experience shows that tracheotomies and other aerosolizing procedures can be performed with due concern for patient and provider safety, regardless of patient's COVID status.
PMC7341050; Real-time diagnosis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in fresh sputum by electrochemical tracing; correlation between COVID-19 and viral-induced ROS in lung/respiratory epithelium during this pandemic	Miripour,  ZS,  Sarrami-Forooshani, et al	Biosens Bioelectron	Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes	We designed a simple electrochemical sensor to selectively detect the intensity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the sputum sample (with a volume of less than 500 μl). Comparing the results of the sensor with clinical diagnostics of more than 140 normal and involved cases resulted in a response calibration with accuracy and sensitivity both 97%.
Non-severe immunosuppression might be associated with a lower risk of moderate-severe acute respiratory distress syndrome in COVID-19	Monreal,  Enric,  Sainz de la Maza, et al	Research Square prepub	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	The objective of this retrospective single-center observational study was to assess differences in severe outcomes of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Spain according to immune system state. In this cohort of COVID-19 patients, non-severe immunosuppression was associated with a lower risk of moderate-severe ARDS, especially among patients with autoimmune diseases. This suggests a potential protective effect from a hypothesized host hyper-inflammatory response.
Characterization of neutralizing versus binding antibodies and memory B cells in COVID-19 recovered individuals from India	Nayak,  Kaustuv,  Gottimukkala, et al	bioRxiv	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Immunology | Immunologie	In this study, we evaluated SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD)-specific IgG, IgM, and IgA antibody responses, neutralization of live virus, and RBD-specific memory B cell responses in pre-pandemic healthy versus convalescent COVID-19 individuals from India. These observations have timely implications for identifying potential plasma therapy donors based on RBD-specific IgG in resource-limited settings where routine performance of neutralization assays remains a challenge.
Materno-fœtal outcomes of COVID-19 Pregnant Women Followed-up at a Tertiary Care Unit in sub-Saharan Africa: a descriptive study	Ngo Dingom,  Madye Ange,  Sobngwi, et al	Research Square prepub	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Transmission Clinical data| Données cliniques	We aimed to describe the pattern of SARS-CoV-2 infection and outcomes in a group of pregnant women followed-up at a tertiary care unit in Cameroon.  Out of 83 pregnant women who presented with symptoms suspicious of COVID-19, 25 were tested positive.  There were two intra-uterine fœtal death and seven live births. All the live birth babies tested negative on Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) testing which was performed after birth.
The physicochemical and phylogenetic properties of twelve spike glycoprotein models for SARS-CoV-2 from China, Iran, and Tunisia	Odhaib,  SamihA,  Al-Aubaidy, et al	Research Square prepub	Coronavirology| Coronavirologie	This study aims to analyse and compare the genomic and phylogenetic properties of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoproteins from China, Iran, and Tunisia. Clustal Omega was used to study model sequences alignment, residual conservation, phylogeny, and identity matrix. The models had different N-terminal residues and side groups polarity and charge. The S glycoproteins are not identical nor unique in model structure nor the physicochemical profiles in different parts of the world. The Tunisian models are drastically biodiverse from the Chinese and Iranian models.
Cutaneous Symptoms of Patients Diagnosed with Covid-19 in One Province: A Cross-Sectional Survey	Öksüm Solak,  E,  Baran Ketencioglu, et al	J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol	Clinical data| Données cliniques	The COVID-19 infection, which emerged in December 2019 in China and has spread all over the world,(1) continues to be a serious health problem and many dermatological findings have been reported.(2-6) This study patients who had at least one positive COVID-19-PCR sample in Kayseri province and were followed up and treated for COVID-19 were contacted via the Internet and telephone. Hence, patients who might have been misdiagnosed were excluded. This way, data of a more specific patient group could be evaluated.
The COVID19Impact Survey: Assessing the Pulse of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain via 24 Questions	Oliver,  N,  Barber, et al	J Med Internet Res	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	Authors aim to assess the situation and perception of the Spanish population in four key areas related to the COVID-19 pandemic: social contact behavior during confinement, personal economic impact, labor situation, and health status. Large-scale online population surveys, distributed via social media and online messaging platforms, can be an effective, cheap and fast tool to assess the impact and prevalence of an infectious disease in the context of a pandemic, particularly when there is a scarcity of official data and limited testing capacity.
Jumping back and forth: anthropozoonotic and zoonotic transmission of SARS-CoV-2 on mink farms	Oude Munnink,  BasB,  Sikkema, et al	bioRxiv	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Transmission zoonoses	we describe an in-depth investigation of outbreaks on 16 mink farms and humans living or working on these farms, using whole genome sequencing. We conclude that the virus was initially introduced from humans and has evolved, most likely reflecting widespread circulation among mink in the beginning of the infection period several weeks prior to detection. We also describe the first animal to human transmissions of SARS-CoV-2 in mink farms.
Effect of COVID-19 pandemic process on prenatal diagnostic procedures	Ozalp,  M,  Demir, et al	J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med	Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	Authors set out to evaluate the accessibility of pregnant women to prenatal screening and diagnostic tests during the COVID-19 pandemic process and analyze the effect of the pandemic process on acceptance-rejection rates of fetal diagnostic procedures for high risk pregnancies. The decrease in number of prenatal diagnosis and screening tests during the COVID-19 pandemic draws attention. Prenatal care services are a serious issue that cannot be overcome by any deficiencies in both maternal and fetal care.
A versatile reporter system to monitor virus infected cells and its application to dengue virus and SARS-CoV-2	Pahmeier,  Felix,  Neufeldt, et al	bioRxiv	Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes	Here, we describe the generation and characterization of a reporter system to visualize dengue virus and SARS-CoV-2 replication in live cells. The system is based on viral protease activity causing cleavage and nuclear translocation of an engineered fluorescent protein that is expressed in the infected cells.
Quantifying the decrease in emergency department imaging utilization during the COVID-19 pandemic at a multicenter healthcare system in Ohio	Parikh,  KD,  Ramaiya, et al	Emerg Radiol	Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	The authors aim to  illustrate the change in emergency department (ED) imaging utilization at a multicenter health system in the state of Ohio during the COVID-19 pandemic. ED imaging utilization trends revealed through actual health system data will help inform evidence-based decisions for more accurate volume predictions and therefore institutional preparedness for current and future pandemics.
Prognostic Implication of Volumetric Quantitative CT Analysis in Patients with COVID-19: A Multicenter Study in Daegu, Korea	Park,  B,  Park, et al	Korean J Radiol	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between CT volumetric quantitative analysis and prognosis in patients with COVID-19. Eighty-two patients were included. Male sex , C-reactive protein (CRP), and COVID-affected lung proportion (CALP), were significantly associated with critical event-free survival (CEFS). CRP was independently associated with CEFS in the mild pneumonia group (n = 54). Normally aerated lung proportion (NALP) and NALP volume (NALPV) were associated with a lower risk of critical events in the severe pneumonia group (n = 28).
Continuous EEG findings in patients with COVID-19 infection admitted to a New York academic hospital system	Pellinen,  J,  Carroll, et al	Epilepsia	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	OBJECTIVE: There is evidence for central nervous system complications of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, including encephalopathy. Encephalopathy caused by or arising from seizures, especially nonconvulsive seizures (NCS), often requires electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring for diagnosis. The prevalence of seizures and other EEG abnormalities among COVID-19-infected patients is unknown. METHODS: Medical records and EEG studies of patients hospitalized with confirmed COVID-19 infections over a 2-month period at a single US academic health system (four hospitals) were reviewed to describe the distribution of EEG findings including epileptiform abnormalities (seizures, periodic discharges, or nonperiodic epileptiform discharges). Factors including demographics, remote and acute brain injury, prior history of epilepsy, preceding seizures, critical illness severity scores, and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels were compared to EEG findings to identify predictors of epileptiform EEG abnormalities. RESULTS: Of 111 patients monitored, most were male (71%), middle-aged or older (median age 64 years), admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU; 77%), and comatose (70%). Excluding 11 patients monitored after cardiac arrest, the most frequent EEG finding was moderate generalized slowing (57%), but epileptiform findings were observed in 30% and seizures in 7% (4% with NCS). Three patients with EEG seizures did not have epilepsy or evidence of acute or remote brain injury, although all had clinical seizures prior to EEG. Only having epilepsy (odds ratio OR] 5.4, 95% confidence interval CI] 1.4-21) or seizure(s) prior to EEG (OR 4.8, 95% CI 1.7-13) was independently associated with epileptiform EEG findings. SIGNIFICANCE: Our study supports growing evidence that COVID-19 can affect the central nervous system, although seizures are unlikely a common cause of encephalopathy. Seizures and epileptiform activity on EEG occurred infrequently, and having a history of epilepsy or seizure(s) prior to EEG testing was predictive of epileptiform findings. This has important implications for triaging EEG testing in this population.
Quantitative and qualitative alterations of circulating myeloid cells and plasmacytoid DC in SARS-CoV-2 infection	Peruzzi,  B,  Bencini, et al	Immunology	Clinical data| Données cliniques Immunology | Immunologie	SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for a new infectious disease (COVID-19) in which individuals can either remain asymptomatic or progress from mild to severe clinical conditions including acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiple organ failure. The immune mechanisms that potentially orchestrate the pathology in SARS-CoV-2 infection are complex and only partially understood. There is still paucity of data on the features of myeloid cells involved in this viral infection. For this reason, we investigated the different activation status profile and the subsets distribution of myeloid cells as well as their correlation with disease progression in 40 COVID-19 patients at different stages of disease. COVID-19 patients showed a decrease in the absolute number of plasmacytoid and myeloid dendritic cells, different subsets distribution of monocytes and different activation patterns of both monocytes and neutrophils, coupled to a significant reduction of HLA-DR monocyte levels. We found that some of these alterations are typical of all COVID-19 patients, while some others vary at different stages of the disease and correlate to biochemical parameters of inflammation. Collectively, these data suggest that not only the lymphoid, but also the myeloid compartment, is severely affected by SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Unique mutational changes in SARS-CoV-2 genome: A case study for the largest state of India	Prasad,  Priti,  Prakash, et al	bioRxiv	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Coronavirology| Coronavirologie	We sequenced 47 genomes of SARS-CoV-2 from the patients of 13 districts of Uttar Pradesh (UP), the largest state of India. We identified distinct SNP variations in the genomes of UP resulting in a unique mutation rate of 1.19% per sequence, which is greater than the value 0.88% obtained for the rest of India. The relatively less death rate in UP indicates that the mutation in the virus is deleterious.
Statistical design of Phase II/III clinical trials for testing therapeutic interventions in COVID-19 patients	Rai,  SN,  Qian, et al	BMC Med Res Methodol	Therapeutics| Thérapeutique	BACKGROUND: Because of unknown features of the COVID-19 and the complexity of the population affected, standard clinical trial designs on treatments may not be optimal in such patients. We propose two independent clinical trials designs based on careful grouping of patient and outcome measures. METHODS: Using the World Health Organization ordinal scale on patient status, we classify treatable patients (Stages 3-7) into two risk groups. Patients in Stages 3, 4 and 5 are categorized as the intermediate-risk group, while patients in Stages 6 and 7 are categorized as the high-risk group. To ensure that an intervention, if deemed efficacious, is promptly made available to vulnerable patients, we propose a group sequential design incorporating four factors stratification, two interim analyses, and a toxicity monitoring rule for the intermediate-risk group. The primary response variable (binary variable) is based on the proportion of patients discharged from hospital by the 15(th) day. The goal is to detect a significant improvement in this response rate. For the high-risk group, we propose a group sequential design incorporating three factors stratification, and two interim analyses, with no toxicity monitoring. The primary response variable for this design is 30 day mortality, with the goal of detecting a meaningful reduction in mortality rate. RESULTS: Required sample size and toxicity boundaries are calculated for each scenario. Sample size requirements for designs with interim analyses are marginally greater than ones without. In addition, for both the intermediate-risk group and the high-risk group, the required sample size with two interim analyses is almost identical to analyses with just one interim analysis. CONCLUSIONS: We recommend using a binary outcome with composite endpoints for patients in Stage 3, 4 or 5 with a power of 90% to detect an improvement of 20% in the response rate, and a 30 day mortality rate outcome for those in Stage 6 or 7 with a power of 90% to detect 15% (effect size) reduction in mortality rate. For the intermediate-risk group, two interim analyses for efficacy evaluation along with toxicity monitoring are encouraged. For the high-risk group, two interim analyses without toxicity monitoring is advised.
SARS-CoV-2 infection: diagnostic testing results occasionally require special attention	Riva,  E,  Sainaghi, et al	Emerg Microbes Infect	Clinical data| Données cliniques	The case refers to a 51-year-old symptomatic man with a new SARS-CoV-2 RNA positive nasopharyngeal swab after two negative ones and the lack of significant development of antibody response measured by different diagnostic serological test. Our case underlines that a discrepancy between clinical course of SARS-CoV-2 infection and results from diagnostic tests may exist. This concept is rapidly emerging and supports the need for a deep knowledge of available and "in development" tests for a correct interpretation of their findings.
Efficacy of Hydroxychloroquine and Tocilizumab in Patients With COVID-19: Single-Center Retrospective Chart Review	Roomi,  S,  Ullah, et al	J Med Internet Res	Clinical data| Données cliniques Therapeutics| Thérapeutique	The purpose of this study is to evaluate the overall clinical effectiveness of  hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and tocilizumab (TCZ) in patients with COVID-19. A retrospective cohort study was performed, a total of 176 hospitalized patients with a confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis was included. There was no significant difference in the odds of in-hospital mortality, upgrade to intensive medical care, need for invasive mechanical ventilation, acute kidney failure necessitating dialysis, or discharge from the hospital after recovery in both the HCQ and TCZ groups compared to their respective control groups.
A comparison of droplet and contact contamination using 3 simulated barrier techniques for COVID-19 intubation: a quality assurance study	Rose,  P,  Veall, et al	CMAJ Open	Infection Prevention and Control/ Prévention et contrôle des infections (IPAC/PCI)	BACKGROUND: The intubation of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) puts health care workers at risk of infection through aerosol, droplet and contact contamination. We evaluated the risk of droplet and contact contamination for health care workers using 3 intubation barrier techniques as part of a quality assurance study at our institution. METHODS: This randomized quality assurance study was completed at a tertiary academic hospital in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, on Apr. 4, 2020. Participants in personal protective equipment performed simulated intubations on a manikin with (a) no barrier, (b) a clear plastic sheet covering the manikin and (c) a plexiglass intubation box over the manikin, in random order. Fluorescein was ejected from inside the manikin's mouth to simulate droplet and contact spread during a standard intubation sequence. Two blinded independent assessors evaluated the location and degree of contamination on the intubator and assistant using an ultraviolet light. Contamination severity was rated in a standard fashion (0 = none; 1 = minor; 2 = major). The primary outcome was total contamination score and secondary outcomes were scores between intubator and assistant, anatomic areas contaminated and qualitative feedback on ease of intubation. RESULTS: Five participants completed this study. Total contamination score was different between the 3 groups for the intubator (p = 0.02) but not the assistant (p = 0.2). For the intubator, the total contamination score was higher when the sheet was used (median 29 interquartile range (IQR) 25-34]) than when the box was used (median 17 IQR 15-22]) or when no barrier was used (median 18 IQR 13-21]). All 5 participants reported challenges during intubation using the sheet. INTERPRETATION: Use of a plastic sheet while intubating patients with COVID-19 may increase the risk of droplet and contact contamination during intubation and impede intubation. Further study should be undertaken before implementing barrier techniques in practice.
Evaluation of Risk Perception of Covid-19 Disease: A Community-based Participatory Study	Samadipour,  E,  Ghardashi, et al	Disaster Med Public Health Prep	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: How people behave in a crisis depends on their understanding and evaluation of risk and vulnerability. Therefore this study was conducted to investigate the Iranians' risk perception of Covid-19 disease. METHODS: An online survey was applied which collected information on demographic, the five dimensions of risk perception (cognitive, political, social, cultural, and emotional) and Trust in government among the Iranian users of social networks. Data were analyzed by descriptive and analytical tests of SPSS software, and confirmatory factor analysis of Amos software. FINDINGS: 364 persons from 20 provinces completed the questionnaire during February 25 to March 2, 2020. More than 80% of the participants believed that negligence and lack of close supervision of the authorities have led to the spread of Covid-19 disease. The mean (SD) risk perception was 58.77 (± 10.11), indicating the medium level of risk perception of people. The second-order confirmatory factor analysis also indicated that cultural dimension had the highest positive correlation (0.96), emotional dimension had the highest negative correlation (-0.65), and social dimension had the least correlation with the risk perception model (0.08). CONCLUSION: Iranians' Risk Perception of Covid-19 outbreak is not optimal, and it seems necessary to improve it.
Upper trunk brachial plexopathy as a consequence of prone positioning due to SARS-CoV-2 acute respiratory distress syndrome	Sánchez-Soblechero,  A,  Ausín García, et al	Muscle Nerve	Clinical data| Données cliniques	Case report of a man who developed a right brachial plexopathy following prone positioning when being treated for SARS-CoV-2 ARDS., admitted in a  hospital in Spain.
PMC7439967; Integrative analyses of SARS-CoV-2 genomes from different geographical locations reveal unique features potentially consequential to host-virus interaction, pathogenesis and clues for novel therapies	Sardar,  R,  Satish, et al	Heliyon	Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Therapeutics| Thérapeutique	We have performed an integrative analysis of SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences from different countries. Apart from mutational analysis, we have predicted host antiviral miRNAs targeting virus genes, PTMs in the virus proteins and antiviral peptides. A comparison of the analyses with other coronavirus genomes has been performed, wherever possible. Our analysis confirms unique features in the SARS-CoV-2 genomes absent in other evolutionarily related coronavirus family genomes, which presumably confer unique infection, transmission and virulence capabilities to the virus. For understanding the crucial factors involved in host-virus interactions, we have performed Bioinformatics aided analysis integrated with experimental data related to other corona viruses. We have identified 42 conserved miRNAs that can potentially target SARS-CoV-2 genomes. Interestingly, out of these, 3 are previously reported to exhibit antiviral activity against other respiratory viruses. Gene expression analysis of known host antiviral factors reveals significant over-expression of IFITM3 and down regulation of cathepsins during SARS-CoV-2 infection, suggesting its active role in pathogenesis and delayed immune response. We also predicted antiviral peptides which can be used in designing peptide based drugs against SARS-CoV-2. Our analysis explores the functional impact of the virus mutations on its proteins and interaction of its genes with host antiviral mechanisms.
Evaluation of bacterial co-infections of the respiratory tract in COVID-19 patients admitted to ICU	Sharifipour,  E,  Shams, et al	BMC Infect Dis	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	BACKGROUND: COVID-19 is known as a new viral infection. Viral-bacterial co-infections are one of the biggest medical concerns, resulting in increased mortality rates. To date, few studies have investigated bacterial superinfections in COVID-19 patients. Hence, we designed the current study on COVID-19 patients admitted to ICUs. METHODS: Nineteen patients admitted to our ICUs were enrolled in this study. To detect COVID-19, reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed. Endotracheal aspirate samples were also collected and cultured on different media to support the growth of the bacteria. After incubation, formed colonies on the media were identified using Gram staining and other biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out based on the CLSI recommendations. RESULTS: Of nineteen COVID-19 patients, 11 (58%) patients were male and 8 (42%) were female, with a mean age of ~ 67 years old. The average ICU length of stay was ~ 15 days and at the end of the study, 18 cases (95%) expired and only was 1 case (5%) discharged. In total, all patients were found positive for bacterial infections, including seventeen Acinetobacter baumannii (90%) and two Staphylococcus aureus (10%) strains. There was no difference in the bacteria species detected in any of the sampling points. Seventeen of 17 strains of Acinetobacter baumannii were resistant to the evaluated antibiotics. No metallo-beta-lactamases -producing Acinetobacter baumannii strain was found. One of the Staphylococcus aureus isolates was detected as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and isolated from the patient who died, while another Staphylococcus aureus strain was susceptible to tested drugs and identified as methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings emphasize the concern of superinfection in COVID-19 patients due to Acinetobacter baumannii and Staphylococcus aureus. Consequently, it is important to pay attention to bacterial co-infections in critical patients positive for COVID-19.
Community Outbreak Investigation of SARS-CoV-2 Transmission Among Bus Riders in Eastern China	Shen,  Y,  Li, et al	JAMA Intern Med	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Transmission	This cohort study examined a community COVID-19 outbreak in Zhejiang province. On January 19, 2020, 128 individuals took 2 buses (60 46.9%] from bus 1 and 68 53.1%] from bus 2) on a 100-minute round trip to attend a 150-minute worship event. The source patient was a passenger on bus 2. We compared risks of SARS-CoV-2 infection among at-risk individuals taking bus 1 (n = 60) and bus 2 (n = 67 source patient excluded]) and among all other individuals (n = 172) attending the worship event. We also divided seats on the exposed bus into high-risk and low-risk zones according to the distance from the source patient and compared COVID-19 risks in each zone. In both buses, central air conditioners were in indoor recirculation mode.
Experience in Neurosurgery During the Prevalence of COVID-19	Sheng,  L,  Chen, et al	J Craniofac Surg	Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	Summarizing the experience of neurosurgery in The Third People's Hospital of Hubei Province after the outbreak of COVID-19: 1 patient with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage and deep vein thrombosis of the right lower extremity died suddenly due to pulmonary embolism during anticoagulation treatment. Two patients with deep coma gave up treatment and died. No patient was confirmed to be infected with COVID-19 in hospital. One doctor had a low fever and cough in January, and CT showed a small nodule in the lower left lung. After 2 weeks isolation and oral anti-infective drugs, the chest nodule disappeared. One nurse was isolated as a close contact with infected parents. One nurse was confirmed to be infected with COVID-19 in a mild symptom. She was discharged after being cured in the infected department.
Nasopharyngeal viral load predicts hypoxemia and disease outcome in admitted COVID-19 patients	Shlomai,  A,  Ben-Zvi, et al	Crit Care	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	Viral loads of COVID-19 patients admitted to Rabin Medical Center (Israel)  between March 16 and July 23, 2020, were analyzed (n = 170, females 42%, age 62 (IQR 46–73), hospitalization length 7.5 days (IQR 3–13)).Authors identified a correlation between viral load measured around admission, lung inflammation, and disease outcome. Similarities and differences between related studies are discussed.
A Fuzzy Rule-Based Compartmental Modeling for SARS-CoV-2	Siam,  Zakaria Shams,  Hasan, et al	Research Square prepub	Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Transmission Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique	In this study, we have proposed a new fuzzy rule-based Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Recovered-Death (SEIRD) compartmental model to delineate the intervention and transmission heterogeneity in China, New Zealand, United States and Bangladesh for SARS-CoV-2 viral infection. We estimated that the peak in the US might arrive during the last half of August and for Bangladesh, it might occur during the first half of August, 2020 if current intervention measures are not violated. We have modeled a prediction scenario for Bangladesh if current intervention measures are violated due to Eid-ul-Azha. We further investigated what might happen if Bangladesh government reopens everything from September, 2020.
The Role of Virtual Consultations in Plastic Surgery During COVID-19 Lockdown	Sinha,  V,  Malik, et al	Aesthetic Plast Surg	Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	Our aim was to evaluate the use of virtual consultations (VCons) during lockdown in Europe and their possible role in the future by surveying UK and European plastic surgeons via social media, email sharing and via the European Association of Societies of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery newsletter. The majority of the respondents (97.7%) reported using VCons during COVID-19 lockdown, of which 74.4% had no prior experience. Most (97.6%) say they are likely to use virtual consultations after lockdown.
Designing an Efficient Multi-Epitope Vaccine Displaying Interactions with Diverse HLA Molecules for an Efficient Humoral and Cellular Immune Response to prevent COVID-19 infection	Suar,  M,  Mahapatra, et al	Expert Rev Vaccines	Vaccine Research| Recherche sur les vaccins	This study aims to design a multi-epitope SARS-CoV-2 vaccine construct using all antigenic surface structural proteins, including the RBD-spike protein, envelope protein, membrane protein and nucleocapsid protein. The epitopes identified herein are reported for the first time and were predicted to be highly antigenic, stable, non-allergen, nontoxic and displayed conservation across several SARS-CoV-2 isolates from different countries.
Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived lung epithelial system for SARS-CoV-2 infection modeling and its potential in drug repurposing	Surendran,  H,  Nandakumar, et al	Stem Cells Dev	Therapeutics| Thérapeutique	Here, we show preliminary data on how human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC)-based lung epithelial cell system could emerge as a relevant and sensitive platform for modelling SARS-CoV-2 infection and drug screening.
Urgent Cesarean Delivery Following Nonstress Test in a Patient with COVID-19 and Pregestational Diabetes	Suresh,  SC,  MacGregor, et al	Neoreviews	Clinical data| Données cliniques	A 28-year-old gravida 4, para 2-0-1-2 at 34 weeks’ gestation was found to be COVID-19 positive after reporting symptoms of rhinorrhea, anosmia, and mild cough during a telehealth visit with comorbidities of diabetes and chronic hypertension. An emergency cesarean section was called for due to results from non-stress test.
A COVID-19 vaccine candidate using SpyCatcher multimerization of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor-binding domain induces potent neutralising antibody responses	Tan,  Tiong Kit,  Rijal, et al	bioRxiv	Vaccine Research| Recherche sur les vaccins	In this study, we describe a modular virus-like particle vaccine candidate displaying the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein receptor-binding domain (RBD) using SpyTag/SpyCatcher technology (RBD-SpyVLP). RBD-SpyVLP is highly resilient, thermostable and can be lyophilised without losing immunogenicity, to facilitate global distribution and reduce cold-chain dependence.
Does incubation period of COVID-19 vary with age? A study of epidemiologically linked cases in Singapore	Tan,  WYT,  Wong, et al	Epidemiol Infect	Clinical data| Données cliniques	This study estimates the incubation period of COVID-19 among locally transmitted cases in Singapore, and its association with age to better inform public health measures in containing COVID-19.  164 patients met inclusion criteria for the study and it was found that incubation period was negatively correlated with days of illness between those 70 years old and older and those under 70 years old.
Tracheotomy in a High-Volume Center During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evaluating the Surgeon's Risk	Thal,  AG,  Schiff, et al	Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg	Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	We describe our safety practices and the transmission rate to our surgical team after performing tracheotomy on patients with COVID-19 during the peak of the pandemic at a US epicenter using a retrospective cohort study design. We found that tracheotomy for patients with COVID-19 can be done with minimal risk to the surgical providers when standard personal protective equipment is used (surgical gown, gloves, eye protection, hair cap, and N95 mask). Whether timing of tracheotomy following onset of symptoms affects the risk of transmission needs further study.
Hydroxychloroquine plus personal protective equipment versus standard personal protective equipment alone for the prevention of COVID-19 infections among frontline healthcare workers: the HydrOxychloroquine Prophylaxis Evaluation(HOPE) trial: A structured	Tirupakuzhi Vijayaraghavan,  BK,  Jha, et al	Trials	RCT	This is a RCT protocol for the HydrOxychloroquine Prophylaxis Evaluation (HOPE) study, a multi-centre open-label parallel group randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effect of the combination of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and standard personal protective equipment (PPE) compared to the use of standard personal protective equipment alone on the proportion of laboratory confirmed COVID-19 infections among frontline healthcare workers(HCWs) in India.
The influence of classroom seating arrangement on children’s cognitive processes in primary school: The role of individual variables	Tobia,  Valentina,  Sacchi, et al	Research Square prepub	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	Aim of this study was experimentally investigating the effect of changing the seating arrangement (clusters vs. rows and columns), on logical reasoning, creativity and theory of mind, in children attending primary school. Furthermore, some individual characteristics (e.g., gender, loneliness, popularity) were analysed as potential moderators. This is particularly important nowadays that the COVID-19 measures include maintaining distance in the classroom. Results on 77 participants showed that, when children were seated in rows and columns, their score in logical reasoning was globally higher. Furthermore, when seated in rows and columns, girls showed a better performance in the theory of mind, and lonelier children performed better in theory of mind and creativity.
PMC7256542; Fatal arrhythmias: Another reason why doctors remain cautious about chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine for treating COVID-19	Uzelac,  I,  Iravanian, et al	Heart Rhythm	Therapeutics| Thérapeutique Animal model | Modèle animal	An optical mapping technique utilizing voltage-sensitive fluorescent dyes was used to determine the arrhythmic effects of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in ex vivo guinea pig and rabbit hearts perfused with the upper therapeutic serum dose of HCQ (1000 ng/mL). HCQ markedly increased action potential dispersion, resulted in development of repolarization alternans, and initiated polymorphic ventricular tachycardia.
Effect of Lockdown in Surgical Emergency Accesses: Experience of a COVID-19 Hospital	Vanni,  G,  Legramante, et al	In Vivo	Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on emergency surgical department accesses in Italy. During the lockdown phase, we observed a reduction in the access to emergency surgical departments of 84.45% and 79.78%, compared with the pre-lockdown in 2019 and pre-lockdown in 2020, respectively. Patient's transportation, hospitalization and patients discharge with indications to an outpatient visit, waiting and total times exhibited a significant difference during the lockdown (p<0.005).
Lockdown of Breast Cancer Screening for COVID-19: Possible Scenario	Vanni,  G,  Pellicciaro, et al	In Vivo	Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	Our study aimed to analyse the data and provide estimates regarding the temporary breast cancer (BC) screening suspension in Italy. Considering three different scenarios with respect to the lockdown's impact on breast cancer screening, we estimate that approximately 10,000 patients could have a missed diagnosis during these 3 months. Considering a 6-month period, as suggested by the Imperial college model, the number of patients who will not receive a diagnosis will rise to 16,000.
Clearing the surgical backlog caused by COVID-19 in Ontario: a time series modelling study	Wang,  J,  Vahid, et al	CMAJ	Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	We sought to estimate the size of the nonemergent surgical backlog during COVID-19 in Ontario, Canada, and the time and resources required to clear the backlog. We used time series forecasting, queuing models and probabilistic sensitivity analysis to estimate the size of the backlog and clearance time for a +10% (+1 day per week at 50% capacity) surge scenario. Between Mar. 15 and June 13, 2020, the estimated backlog in Ontario was 148 364 surgeries and the estimated backlog clearance time is 84 weeks.
Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of the Anti-COVID-19 Drug Remdesivir	Wang,  M,  Zhang, et al	Angew Chem Int Ed Engl	Therapeutics| Thérapeutique	This study aimed to  develop an effective synthetic approach to producing remdesivir. Results indicate that the chiral bicyclic imidazole catalyst is crucial for the dynamic kinetic asymmetric transformation (DyKAT) to proceed smoothly with high reactivity and excellent stereoselectivity 96% conv., 22:1 P(S):P(R)].
Drinking to Cope During COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of External and Internal Factors in Coping Motive Pathways to Alcohol Use, Solitary Drinking, and Alcohol Problems	Wardell,  JD,  Kempe, et al	Alcohol Clin Exp Res	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	This study provides an empirical examination of coping motive pathways to alcohol problems during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. 320 adult Canadian drinkers completed an online survey assessing work‐ and home‐related factors, psychological factors, and alcohol‐related outcomes over the past 30 days, covering a time period beginning within 1 month of the initiation of the COVID‐19 emergency response. The results of a theory‐informed path model showed that having at least 1 child under the age of 18, greater depression, and lower social connectedness each predicted unique variance in past 30‐day coping motives, which in turn predicted increased past 30‐day alcohol use (controlling for pre‐COVID‐19 alcohol use reported retrospectively).
Cross-Sectional Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Among Skilled Nursing Facility Employees and Residents Across Facilities in Seattle	Weil,  AA,  Newman, et al	J Gen Intern Med	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie	The aim of this study was to describe SARS-CoV-2 rates among skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) employees and residents during a non-outbreak time period, we measured cross-sectional SARS-CoV-2 prevalence across multiple sites in the Seattle area.  Overall, 46 (2.9%) employees had positive or inconclusive testing for SARS-CoV-2, and among those who completed surveys, most were asymptomatic and involved in direct patient care.
Prevalence and risk factors of mental distress in China during the outbreak of COVID-19: A national cross-sectional survey	Wu,  M,  Han, et al	Brain Behav	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	Our objective was to evaluate the prevalence of psychological distress during COVID‐19 outbreak and their risk factors, especially their internal paths and causality.  We found that the overall prevalence of anxiety, depression, combination of anxiety, and depression were 51.6% (95% CI: 51.0–52.2), 47.5% (95% CI: 46.9–48.1), and 24.5% (95% CI: 24.0–25.0), respectively. The risk of psychological disorders in men was higher than that in women. The status of psychological health was different across different age groups, education levels, occupations, and income levels. The SEM analysis revealed that inadequate material supplies, low income, low education, lack of knowledge or confidence of the epidemic, and lack of exercise are major risk factors for psychological distress.
CARES Act Provider Relief Fund Aid to Otolaryngologists in Small Practices	Xiao,  R,  Rathi, et al	Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg	Economics | Économie	The COVID-19 pandemic has placed unprecedented financial strain on otolaryngologists. We performed a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of federal direct aid provided to small practices (defined as ≤15 clinicians) employing otolaryngologists, using the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Physician Compare National Downloadable File and the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Provider Relief Fund database. As of June 18, 2020, the HHS had allocated nearly $80 million to 966 (88.9%) of 1087 small practices employing 2455 otolaryngologists. The median amount of aid per clinician was $7909 (interquartile range, $4409-$12,710). These findings suggest that the majority of small practices have received direct aid through the HHS Provider Relief Fund, but aid amounts have thus far been modest relative to the fixed costs of practice.
PMC7452296; Efficacy of herbal medicine (Xuanfei Baidu decoction) combined with conventional drug in treating COVID-19:A pilot randomized clinical trial	Xiong,  WZ,  Wang, et al	Integr Med Res	Therapeutics| Thérapeutique RCT	The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of Xuanfei Baidu Decoction (XBD) combined with conventional drug therapy compared with conventional medicine alone in patients with COVID-19. 42 patients with COVID-19 were randomly assigned to XBD plus conventional medicine (n = 22) and conventional medicine alone (n = 20). Both groups were treated for 1 week. The primary endpoint was the disappearance rate of main symptoms (fever, cough, and fatigue). Compared with the conventional medicine, the disappearance rate of clinical symptoms such as fever, cough, fatigue and loss of appetite in the experimental group were significantly reduced (P < 0.05). The number of white blood cells and lymphocytes in the experimental group increased significantly (P < 0.05), which all returned to normal parameters. Meanwhile, the C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate in the experimental group were significantly reduced (P < 0.05).
Primary Care Practitioners' Barriers to and Experience of COVID-19 Epidemic Control in China: a Qualitative Study	Xu,  Z,  Ye, et al	J Gen Intern Med	Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	This study aims to better understand the barriers primary care practitioners (PCPs) faced in COVID-19 epidemic control and their psychological and occupational impacts, and explore potential solutions.  Of the 21 PCPs interviewed, 10 (48%) were women and 5 (24%) worked in rural areas. Barriers to epidemic control in primary care included inappropriate PCP scheduling and role ambiguity, difficult tasks and inadequate capacities, and inexperienced community workers and insufficient cooperation. Some PCPs perceived respect and a sense of accomplishment and were preoccupied with the outbreak, while others were frustrated by fatigue and psychological distress. PCPs reported potential solutions for improving countermeasures, such as improving management, optimizing workflows, providing additional support, facilitating cooperation, and strengthening the primary care system.
Immune characteristics of severe and critical COVID-19 patients	Yang,  L,  Gou, et al	Signal Transduct Target Ther	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	we aimed to evaluate the correlation between immune characteristics, especially levels of lymphocytes and cytokines in peripheral blood, and clinical parameters in severe and critical COVID-19 patients, in order to find critical indicators of disease progression and to provide important guides for therapeutic strategy. We found that the cell numbers of lymphocytes in these patients were obviously decreased compared to that in healthy donors, including total lymphocytes, total T, CD4+ T, CD8+ T, B and NK cells. Findings show that severe and critical COVID-19 patients exhibit lymphopenia and high level of cytokines, especially impaired T cells, and increased IL-6 or IL-10, which are served as potential biomarkers for disease progression.
Heterogeneous Risk Perception amid the Outbreak of COVID-19 in China: Implications for Economic Confidence	Yang,  Z,  Xin, et al	Appl Psychol Health Well Being	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	The current study takes a person‐oriented approach to identify the unique response patterns that underlie three risk perception components (likelihood, severity, and protection efficacy) of COVID‐19, with information sources as precursors and economic confidence as outcomes. A latent profile analysis showed that participants exhibited one of three classes: Risk Neutrals (49.9%; moderate in all components), Risk Deniers (14.3%; low likelihood, low severity, and high protection efficacy), or Risk Exaggerators (35.8%; high likelihood, high severity, and low protection efficacy). Subsequent analyses showed that reliance on unofficial sources (gossip and news spread among friends; WeChat) positively correlated with membership in the Risk Exaggerators class. In turn, belonging in the Risk Exaggerators class correlated with the lowest short‐term (but not long‐term) economic confidence. This study suggests that exploring the heterogeneity of the public risk perception might help the government to design differentiated risk communication strategies during the COVID‐19 outbreak.
SARS2020: An integrated platform for identification of novel coronavirus by a consensus sequence-function model	Zhang,  D,  Zhang, et al	Bioinformatics	Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Therapeutics| Thérapeutique	We built a comprehensive scientific resource, SARS2020, that integrates coronavirus-related research, genomic sequences, and results of anti-viral drug trials. In addition, we built a consensus sequence-catalytic function model from which we identified the novel coronavirus as encoding the same proteinase as the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome virus. This data-driven sequence-based strategy will enable rapid identification of agents responsible for future epidemics. SARS2020 is available at http://design.rxnfinder.org/sars2020/.
In-patient psychiatry management of COVID-19: rates of asymptomatic infection and on-unit transmission	Zhang,  E,  LeQuesne, et al	BJPsych Open	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	This study detail the response of the NYU Langone Health in-patient psychiatric services to the COVID-19 outbreak from 1 March to 1 May 2020.  In total, 122 SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests were performed in 98 patients. We observed an overall rate of COVID-19 infection of 15.6% in the patients who were tested, with an asymptomatic positive rate of 13.7%. Although phased roll-out of testing impaired the ability to fully track on-unit transmission of COVID-19, 3% of cases were clearly identified as results of on-unit transmission. Our experience indicates that, with appropriate precautions, patients in need of in-patient psychiatric admission who have COVID-19 can be safely managed. We provide suggested guidelines for COVID-19 management on in-patient psychiatric units which incorporate our own experiences as well as published recommendations.
A serological survey of SARS-CoV-2 in cat in Wuhan	Zhang,  Q,  Zhang, et al	Emerg Microbes Infect	zoonoses	Here, we investigated the infection of SARS-CoV-2 in cats during the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan by serological detection methods. A cohort of serum samples were collected from cats in Wuhan, including 102 sampled after COVID-19 outbreak, and 39 prior to the outbreak. Fifteen sera collected after the outbreak were positive for the receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 by indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Among them, 11 had SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies with a titer ranging from 1/20 to 1/1080. No serological cross-reactivity was detected between the SARS-CoV-2 and type I or II feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV). In addition, we continuously monitored the serum antibody dynamics of two positive cats every 10 days over 130 days. Their serum antibodies reached the peak at 10 days after first sampling, and declined to the limit of detection within 110 days. Our data demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 has infected cats in Wuhan during the outbreak and provided serum antibody dynamics in cats, providing an important reference for the clinical treatment and prevention of COVID-19.
Impact of COVID-19 on Emotional Resilience and Learning Management of Middle School Students	Zhang,  Q,  Zhou, et al	Med Sci Monit	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	The aim of this study was to explore the emotional resilience of middle school students learning at home in February and March 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the impact of this resilience on students’ learning management skills. The results indicate that emotional resilience was significantly lower in eighth grade students than in seventh grade students (t=1.98, P<0.05) and negative emotional recovery increased during the study period. Emotional resilience was positively correlated with learning management skills (r=0.498, P<0.01), and positive emotional ability predicted learning management skills.
PMC7369017; Emotional "inflection point" in public health emergencies with the 2019 new coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) in China	Zhang,  Y,  Cao, et al	J Affect Disord	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	This study used self-designed questionnaires and artificial intelligence (AI) to assess and analyze the emotional state of over 30,000 college students during the outbreak period in January (T1) and home quarantine in February (T2). In the T1 survey, the "Typhoon Eye Effect" appeared. College students in Hubei are calmer than those outside Hubei in T1. However, in T2, an emotional "infection point" appeared, there was an "Exposure Effect", the negative emotions of students in Hubei largely increased and became higher than students outside Hubei.
The Sinonasal Outcome Test-22 or European Position Paper: Which Is More Indicative of Imaging Results?	Zhou,  AS,  Prince, et al	Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg	Clinical data| Données cliniques Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes	The 22-item Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) is a trusted measure of symptom severity in chronic rhinosinusitis. The European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis (EPOS) provides widely accepted diagnostic criteria, which include sinonasal symptoms, their duration, and imaging results. Our objective was to compare these approaches to assessing symptoms to determine if either was more indicative of radiologic findings, to support decisions in telehealth. In ROC-AUC analyses, SNOT-22 and EPOS-defined symptoms had similar discriminatory capacity for Lund-Mackay scores, regardless of duration. Within ordinal regression analyses, SNOT-22 nasal scores were significantly associated with Lund-Mackay scores, while EPOS-defined nasal symptoms were not statistically significantly related.
Clinical and imaging findings of discharged patients with SARS-CoV-2 positive anal swab samples: a descriptive study	Zhou,  H,  Zhu, et al	BMC Infect Dis	Clinical data| Données cliniques	This case series explores the clinical features and CT findings of clinically COVID-19 patients with viral RNA positive anal swab results after discharge.  In the positive group, 40% of the patients (2/5) had a positive stool occult blood test (OBT), but none had diarrhea. The median duration of fever and major symptoms (except fever) in the positive patients was shorter than that of the negative patients (1 day vs. 6 days, 4.5 days vs. 10.5 days, respectively). The incidence of asymptomatic cases in the positive group (33.3%) was also higher than that of the negative group (5.6%). There were no significant differences in the CT manifestation or evolution of the pulmonary lesions between the two groups.
Ebselen derivatives are very potent dual inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 proteases - PLpro and Mpro in in vitro studies	Zmudzinski,  Mikolaj,  Rut, et al	bioRxiv	Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Therapeutics| Thérapeutique	In this study, we screened a collection of 23 ebselen derivatives for SARS-CoV-2 PLpro and Mpro inhibitors. Our studies revealed that ebselen derivatives are potent inhibitors of both the proteases. We identified three PLpro and four Mpro inhibitors superior to ebselen.
Thrombin Inhibition by Argatroban: Potential Therapeutic Benefits in COVID-19	Aliter,  KF,  Al-Horani, et al	Cardiovasc Drugs Ther	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Clinical manifestations, risk factors, and maternal and perinatal outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 in pregnancy: living systematic review and meta-analysis	Allotey,  J,  Stallings, et al	BMJ	Review Literature| Revue de littérature	SR-MA: Medline, Embase, Cochrane database, WHO COVID-19 database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang databases from 1 December 2019 to 26 June 2020. Pregnant and recently pregnant women are less likely to manifest covid-19 related symptoms of fever and myalgia than non-pregnant women of reproductive age and are potentially more likely to need intensive care treatment for covid-19.
Overview of Upper Airway Management During COVID-19 Outbreak: Head and Neck Surgeon's Perspective: Comment	Capra,  GG,  Santiago, et al	J Craniofac Surg	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
PMC7282409; Coincidence of COVID-19 Infection and Smell-Taste Perception Disorders	Cetinkaya,  EA	J Craniofac Surg	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone System Inhibitors and Risks of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis	Chan,  CK,  Huang, et al	Hypertension	Review Literature| Revue de littérature	SR-MA: MEDLINE (Ovid), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews PubMed, Embase, medRXIV, the World Health Organization data-base of COVID-19 publications and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched through Jun 1, 2020. The use of ACEi might not increase the susceptibility of SARS-CoV-2 infection, severity of disease and mortality in case-population and cohort studies. Additionally, we found for the first time that the use of ARBs, as opposed to ACEi, specifically augmented the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in younger subjects; without obvious effects on COVID-19 outcomes.
Controversies in Tracheostomy for Patients With COVID-19: The When, Where, and How	Chiang,  SS,  Aboutanos, et al	Respir Care	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Web-Based Video Conferences	Collins,  J	Radiographics	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
SARS-CoV-2 infection in people living with HIV: a systematic review	Costenaro,  P,  Minotti, et al	Rev Med Virol	Review Literature| Revue de littérature	SR: MEDLINE, EMBASE and Google Scholar databases. It is still unclear if HIV infection may influence SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease course, however some PLWHA and particularly males affected by ARV-related complications may be at greater risk of severe Covid-19 course.
Oxygen targets in the intensive care unit during mechanical ventilation for acute respiratory distress syndrome: a rapid review	Cumpstey,  AF,  Oldman, et al	Cochrane Database Syst Rev	Review Literature| Revue de littérature	Rapid Review: searched the Cochrane COVID-19 Study Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, and Embase from inception to 15 May 2020. We are very uncertain as to whether a higher or lower oxygen target is more beneficial in patients with ARDS and receiving mechanical ventilation in an intensive care setting. We identified only one RCT with a total of 205 participants exploring this question, and rated the risk of bias as high and the certainty of the findings as very low.
PMC7456786; Severity and mortality of COVID 19 in patients with diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis	de Almeida-Pititto,  B,  Dualib, et al	Diabetol Metab Syndr	Review Literature| Revue de littérature	MA:  Systematic review of the PubMed, Cochrane Library and SciELO databases was performed to identify relevant articles published from December 2019 to 6th May 2020.   In conclusion, diabetes, hypertension and especially cardiovascular disease, are important risk factors for severity and mortality in COVID-19 infected people and are targets that must be intensively addressed in the management of this infection.
COVID-19 and Review of Current Recommendations for Return to Athletic Play	Dove,  J,  Gage, et al	R I Med J (2013)	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Future perspective: high-throughput construction of new ultrasensitive cytokine and virion liquid chips for high-throughput screening (HTS) of anti-inflammatory drugs or clinical diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory diseases	Feng,  Y,  Huang, et al	Anal Bioanal Chem	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Shared Decision Making for Surgical Care in the Era of COVID-19	Forner,  D,  Noel, et al	Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
A guide to laboratory diagnosis of Corona Virus Disease-19 for the gastroenterologists	Ghoshal,  U,  Vasanth, et al	Indian J Gastroenterol	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
COVID-19 in Healthcare Workers: A Living Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Prevalence, Risk Factors, Clinical Characteristics, and Outcomes	Gómez-Ochoa,  SA,  Franco, et al	Am J Epidemiol	Review Literature| Revue de littérature	SR-MA: MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, Cochrane, Web of Science, WHO COVID-19 database, Google scholar and 'Living Evidence on COVID-19', a database developed by the University of Bern (ISPM), were searched to identify relevant articles from inception until July 8th, 2020. HCW suffer a significant burden from COVID-19, with HCW working in hospitalization/non-emergency wards and nurses being the most infected  personnel.
Considerations for Use of Hematopoietic Growth Factors in Patients With Cancer Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic	Griffiths,  EA,  Alwan, et al	J Natl Compr Canc Netw	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Possible routes of SARS-CoV-2 invasion in brain: In context of neurological symptoms in COVID-19 patients	Kumar,  A,  Pareek, et al	J Neurosci Res	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Effects of Hyperglycaemia on Complications of COVID-19: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies	Lee,  MH,  Wong, et al	Diabetes Obes Metab	Review Literature| Revue de littérature	MA: Pubmed, Embase and China National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched. This meta-analysis affirms that hyperglycaemia worsens the prognosis of COVID-19 patients with or without diabetes.
PMC7276119; The psychological and mental impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on medical staff and general public - A systematic review and meta-analysis	Luo,  M,  Guo, et al	Psychiatry Res	Review Literature| Revue de littérature	SR-MA: conducted literature research using Embase, PubMed, Google scholar and WHO COVID-19 databases for articles published between 1 Nov 2019 to 25 May 2020. Common risk factors included being women, being nurses, having lower socioeconomic status, having high risks of contracting COVID-19, and social isolation. Protective factors included having sufficient medical resources, up-to-date and accurate information, and taking precautionary measures. In conclusion, psychological interventions targeting high-risk populations with heavy psychological distress are in urgent need.
PMC7439988; A systematic review on recent trends in transmission, diagnosis, prevention and imaging features of COVID-19	Manigandan,  S,  Wu, et al	Process Biochem	Review Literature| Revue de littérature	SR: This study predicts the possible transmission of the virus through medical practices such as ophthalmology, dental, and endoscopy procedures.
A rapid systematic review exploring the involvement of medical students in pandemics and other global health emergencies	Martin,  A,  Blom, et al	Disaster Med Public Health Prep	Review Literature| Revue de littérature	SR:  systematic search on the 31st of March 2020. PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and the Global health databaseThis review shows medical students are capable and willing to be involved in global health emergencies.
Understanding the Immunologic Characteristics of Neurologic Manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 and Potential Immunological Mechanisms	Mohammadi,  S,  Moosaie, et al	Mol Neurobiol	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Rehabilitation and COVID-19: the Cochrane Rehabilitation 2020 rapid living systematic review. Update as of July 31st, 2020	Negrini,  F,  De Sire, et al	Eur J Phys Rehabil Med	Review Literature| Revue de littérature	SR:  methodology described in the second edition of the rapid living systematic review was applied to search eligible papers included in the databases between July 1st, 2020 and July 31st, 2020.  The current literature production still focuses more on describing all the possible aspects and complications of the pathology than on interventions or new organization models to deal with it.
Ocular Symptoms of SAR-CoV-2: Indication of Possible Ocular Transmission or Viral Shedding	Ocansey,  S,  Abu, et al	Ocul Immunol Inflamm	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
PMC7382411; Overview of Upper Airway Management During COVID-19 Outbreak: Head and Neck Surgeon's Perspective	Omari,  AA,  Al-Ashqar, et al	J Craniofac Surg	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
The Knowns and Unknowns of Contemporary Statin Therapy for Familial Hypercholesterolemia	Pang,  J,  Chan, et al	Curr Atheroscler Rep	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Establishing an Office-Based Framework for Resuming Otolaryngology Care in Academic Practice During the COVID-19 Pandemic	Pearlman,  AN,  Tabaee, et al	Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Mental health implications of COVID-19 pandemic and its response in India	Roy,  A,  Singh, et al	Int J Soc Psychiatry	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
What Should Be Known by a Urologist About the Medical Management of COVID-19's Patients?	Sánchez-González,  Á,  López-Fando Lavalle, et al	Curr Urol Rep	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Why do SARS-CoV-2 NSPs rush to the ER?	Santerre,  M,  Arjona, et al	J Neurol	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Evidence Review and Practice Recommendation on the Material, Design and Maintenance of Cloth Masks	Sunjaya,  AP,  Morawska, et al	Disaster Med Public Health Prep	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
PMC7440080; Economic, social and political issues raised by the COVID-19 pandemic	Tisdell,  CA	Econ Anal Policy	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
PMC7451126; Airport user experience unpacked: Conceptualizing its potential in the face of COVID-19	Tuchen,  S,  Arora, et al	J Air Transp Manag	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Epidemiologic, clinical, and laboratory findings of the COVID-19 in the current pandemic: systematic review and meta-analysis	Xie,  Y,  Wang, et al	BMC Infect Dis	Review Literature| Revue de littérature	SR-MA: scoped for relevant literatures published during 1st December 2019 to 16th July 2020 based on three databases using English and Chinese languages.  We provided a bird's-eye view of the COVID-19 during the current pandemic, which will help better understanding the key traits of the disease.
Abnormal liver enzymes in children and infants with COVID-19: A narrative review of case-series studies	Zhou,  YH,  Zheng, et al	Pediatr Obes	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Letter to the Editor: "COVID-19 Pandemic in Developing Countries: Effects on Urgent Neurosurgical Consultation and Patients' Care: Experience from North Africa"	Abboud,  H,  Kharbouch, et al	World Neurosurg	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7332923; Opportunities and challenges of social media in outbreaks: A concern for COVID-19	Abdoli,  A,  Heidarnejadi, et al	Ethics Med Public Health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Covid-19: prioritising rehabilitation when mortality figures dominate the headlines	Ahmed,  I	BMJ	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Patent Exceptions in the Time of a Pandemic	Akl,  Jean	SSRN- Lancet prepublication	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
What will the long-lasting effect of the COVID-19 pandemic be on children's health and wellbeing?	Alfvén,  T	Acta Paediatr	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
No One Likes a Stick up Their Nose: Making the Case for Saliva-Based Testing for COVID-19	Ali,  F,  Sweeney, et al	Clin Infect Dis	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7282405; COVID-19 Pandemic and its Impact on Craniofacial Surgery	Andrews,  BT,  Garg, et al	J Craniofac Surg	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Letter to the editor regarding ‘The challenging battle of mankind against COVID-19 outbreak: Is this global international biological catastrophe the beginning of a new era?’ – Is telehealth the future of orthopaedic and rehabilitation in post-COVID-19 era	Anthonius Lim,  M,  Pranata, et al	J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong)	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Regulatory Decision-making on COVID-19 Vaccines During a Public Health Emergency	Avorn,  J,  Kesselheim, et al	JAMA	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7434327; Obesity in Mexico: rapid epidemiological transition and food industry interference in health policies	Barquera,  S,  Rivera, et al	Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Colorectal cancer referrals during the COVID-19 pandemic - a model for the faster diagnosis standard?	Barrett,  K,  Habib Bedwani, et al	Br J Surg	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
In the Extraordinary Times of Coronavirus Disease 2019: Clinical Strategies for Performing Spinal Surgery	Barry,  TWL,  Jeanette, et al	Asian Spine J	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
The COVID-19 pandemic and epidemiologic insights from recession-related suicide mortality	Bastiampillai,  T,  Allison, et al	Mol Psychiatry	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Creating clinical nurse leaders during the COVID-19 outbreak	Bernhardt,  JM	Nurs Manage	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Biologic Therapies May Reduce the Risk of COVID-19 in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease	Bezzio,  C,  Pellegrini, et al	Inflamm Bowel Dis	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Opportunities for Research on the Treatment of Substance Use Disorders in the Context of COVID-19	Blanco,  C,  Compton, et al	JAMA Psychiatry	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
[Consequences of the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemia on the Early Childhood Examinations]	Blankenstein,  O,  Rintisch, et al	Klin Padiatr	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Developing a Virtual Adaptive Sports Program in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic	Blauwet,  CA,  Robinson, et al	PM R	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Letter to the Editor: Humanization of Neurosurgery: Incorporation of a New Concept in Times of COVID-19	Bohórquez-Rivero,  J,  García-Ballestas, et al	World Neurosurg	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Subphenotyping Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Patients with COVID-19: Consequences for Ventilator Management	Bos,  LDJ,  Paulus, et al	Ann Am Thorac Soc	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Rapid Critical Care Training of Nurses in the Surge Response to the Coronavirus Pandemic	Brickman,  D,  Greenway, et al	Am J Crit Care	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
COVID-19 and perioperative care: Where are we now and where do we go from here?	Britton,  CR	J Perioper Pract	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Providing high-quality care remotely to patients with rare bone diseases during COVID-19 pandemic	Brizola,  E,  Adami, et al	Orphanet J Rare Dis	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Correspondence on 'Interleukin-6 receptor blockade with subcutaneous tocilizumab in severe COVID-19 pneumonia and hyperinflammation: a case-control study' by Potere et al	Buckley,  L	Ann Rheum Dis	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Transitioning to job redesign: improving workplace health and safety in the COVID-19 era	Caponecchia,  C,  Mayland, et al	Occup Environ Med	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Unexpected peak of mortality: The COVID-19 burden on Bergamo transcatheter aortic valve implantation register	Cereda,  A,  Cugola, et al	Anatol J Cardiol	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
COVID-19 Racism and Mental Health in Chinese American Families	Cheah,  CSL,  Wang, et al	Pediatrics	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Debates Around the Role of School Closures in the Coronavirus 2019 Pandemic	Cheng,  SO,  Liu, et al	JAMA Pediatr	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
The Pandemics of Racism and COVID-19: Danger and Opportunity	Cheng,  TL,  Conca-Cheng, et al	Pediatrics	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Otolaryngology Residency Interviews in a Socially Distanced World: Strategies to Recruit and Assess Applicants	Chou,  DW,  Pletcher, et al	Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Long-lasting SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell memories	Cimen Bozkus,  C	Nat Rev Immunol	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
During the COVID-19 Quarantine, Home Has Been More Harmful Than the Virus for Children!	Claudet,  I,  Marchand-Tonel, et al	Pediatr Emerg Care	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
COVID-19 and the Well-being of Children and Families	Coller,  RJ,  Webber, et al	Pediatrics	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
The Importance of Psychiatric Rehabilitation Services During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic	Cook,  JA,  Jonikas, et al	Psychiatr Serv	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7248630; COVID-19 treatments, QT interval, and arrhythmic risk: The need for an international registry on arrhythmias	Crotti,  L,  Arbelo, et al	Heart Rhythm	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Not all older men have the chronic diseases associated with severe COVID-19	Cumming,  RG,  Khalatbari-Soltani, et al	Australas J Ageing	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
SNMMI COVID-19 Task Force Surveys	DaCosta,  MC,  Hafez, et al	J Nucl Med	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
The implications of COVID-19 Infection on the Endothelium: A Metabolic Vascular Perspective	Dalan,  R,  Boehm, et al	Diabetes Metab Res Rev	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Applicability of Mobile Contact Tracing in Fighting Pandemic (COVID-19): Issues, Challenges and Solutions	Dar,  Aaqib Bashir,  Lone, et al	SSRN- Lancet prepublication	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Reorganization of Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri, an oncological and dermatological clinical and research center, to face the coronavirus health emergency: adopted measures and metrics of success to achieve and keep a COVID-19-free status	De Luca,  A,  Ripa di Meana, et al	J Exp Clin Cancer Res	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
COVID-19 and return-to-work recommendations for people with chronic respiratory diseases	Deschner,  M,  Parraga, et al	CMAJ	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
RNA interference as a promising treatment against SARS-CoV-2	Donia,  A,  Bokhari, et al	Int Microbiol	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
A New Day: the role of telemedicine in reshaping care for persons with movement disorders	Dorsey,  ER,  Bloem, et al	Mov Disord	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Let Us Be Vigilant: COVID-19 Is Poised to Obliterate Gains in Healthy Child Development Globally	Dreyer,  BP	Pediatrics	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Covid-19: White House told CDC to stop recommending tests for asymptomatic contacts	Dyer,  O	BMJ	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7382413; Fallacies and Facts Around COVID-19: The Multifaceted Infection	Elsayed,  SA,  Abu-Hammad, et al	J Craniofac Surg	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Reiseangst: travel anxiety and psychological resilience during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic	Flaherty,  GT,  Nasir, et al	J Travel Med	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7299558; Depression and Anxiety Changes Among Sexual and Gender Minority People Coinciding with Onset of COVID-19 Pandemic	Flentje,  A,  Obedin-Maliver, et al	J Gen Intern Med	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
The 1711 rinderpest in Bernardino Ramazzini's XIII Oration and the COVID-19 public health emergency: facts and common aspects	Franco,  G	Med Lav	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7386675; A Blueprint for Pediatric Emergency Resource Reallocation During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An NYC Hospital Experience	Fraymovich,  S,  Levine, et al	Pediatr Emerg Care	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Re-recognizing bromhexine hydrochloride: pharmaceutical properties and its possible role in treating pediatric COVID-19	Fu,  Q,  Zheng, et al	Eur J Clin Pharmacol	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
The COVID-19 pandemic: a catalyst to improve clinical trials	Gaba,  P,  Bhatt, et al	Nat Rev Cardiol	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Head and neck surgery recommendations during the COVID-19 pandemic	Galloway,  ThomasJ,  Kowalski, et al	The Lancet Oncology	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Increased mortality of COVID-19 infected diabetes patients: role of furin proteases	Ganesan,  SK,  Venkatratnam, et al	Int J Obes (Lond)	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Associations between Anxiety and Depression Symptoms and Medical Care Avoidance during COVID-19	Ganson,  KT,  Weiser, et al	J Gen Intern Med	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Iron chelation may harm patients with COVID-19	Garrick,  MD,  Ghio, et al	Eur J Clin Pharmacol	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Towards health market systems changes for migrant workers based on the COVID-19 experience in Singapore	Goh,  OQ,  Islam, et al	BMJ Glob Health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7382412; In-House Three-Dimensional Printing Workflow for Face Shield During COVID-19 Pandemic	Gomes,  BA,  Queiroz, et al	J Craniofac Surg	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Pediatric Critical Care and COVID-19	González-Dambrauskas,  S,  Vásquez-Hoyos, et al	Pediatrics	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Involving pharmacy students in clinical research: Tips and best practices	Goodlet,  KJ,  Nailor, et al	Am J Health Syst Pharm	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
SARS-CoV-2: The Growing Case for Potential Transmission in a Building via Wastewater Plumbing Systems	Gormley,  M	Ann Intern Med	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Risk factors for in-hospital mortality in patients with cancer and COVID-19	Guo,  Kaibo,  Sun, et al	The Lancet Oncology	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
SARS-CoV-2 and its relationship with the genitourinary tract: implications for male reproductive health in the context of COVID-19 pandemic	Hallak,  J,  Teixeira, et al	Andrology	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7382409; Gustatory Dysfunction as an Early Symptom in COVID-19 Screening	Harikrishnan,  P	J Craniofac Surg	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7382405; Saliva as a Potential Diagnostic Specimen for COVID-19 Testing	Harikrishnan,  P	J Craniofac Surg	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
SARS-CoV-2 Testing and Changes in Primary Care Services in a Multistate Network of Community Health Centers During the COVID-19 Pandemic	Heintzman,  J,  O'Malley, et al	JAMA	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
The Responses of Biobanks to COVID-19	Henderson,  MK,  Kozlakidis, et al	Biopreserv Biobank	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Sex tourism, disease migration and COVID-19: Lessons learnt and best practices moving forward	Hillis,  A,  Leavey, et al	J Travel Med	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
One benefit of COVID-19 measures in Taiwan: The reduction of influenza infections and severe complications	Hsu,  YL,  Lin, et al	Influenza Other Respir Viruses	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
COVID-19 in health-care workers: Testing and outcomes at a Victorian tertiary children's hospital	Ibrahim,  LF,  Cheng, et al	J Paediatr Child Health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Impact of negative air pressure in ICU rooms on the risk of pulmonary aspergillosis in COVID-19 patients	Ichai,  P,  Saliba, et al	Crit Care	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Posttraumatic stress disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic: Upcoming challenges in Bangladesh and preventive strategies	Islam,  MS,  Potenza, et al	Int J Soc Psychiatry	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Coronavirus Disease 2019: Implications for Clinical Dental Care	Jadhav,  GR,  Mittal, et al	J Endod	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Lymphopenia an important immunological abnormality in patients with COVID-19: Possible mechanisms	Jafarzadeh,  A,  Jafarzadeh, et al	Scand J Immunol	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Evidence, Junk Science, and Hope in a Time of Pandemic: On the Front Lines in Dentistry	Jeffcoat,  M,  Sollecito, et al	Compend Contin Educ Dent	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Signal amplification by reversible exchange for COVID-19 antiviral drug candidates	Jeong,  HJ,  Min, et al	Sci Rep	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
No small matter: a perspective on nanotechnology-enabled solutions to fight COVID-19	Jones,  GW,  Monopoli, et al	Nanomedicine (Lond)	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Should policy makers trust composite indices? A commentary on the pitfalls of inappropriate indices for policy formation	Kaiser,  Matthias,  Chen, et al	arXiv	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7390798; Recommendations for use of a hydroxychloroquine loading dose in patients with COVID-19	Kara,  E,  Demirkan, et al	Int J Antimicrob Agents	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Measuring mobility to monitor travel and physical distancing interventions: a common framework for mobile phone data analysis	Kishore,  Nishant,  Kiang, et al	The Lancet Digital Health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Communicating Through COVID-19: Keeping Patients Connected to Loved Ones	Knopov,  A,  Wong, et al	R I Med J (2013)	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Considerations for Young Children and Those With Special Needs as COVID-19 Continues	Kong,  M,  Thompson, et al	JAMA Pediatr	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Remdesivir: First Approval	Lamb,  YN	Drugs	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Young people's views on their role in the COVID-19 pandemic and society's recovery from it	Larcher,  V,  Dittborn, et al	Arch Dis Child	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
COVID-19 stole my paediatric elective…but I took it back	Lawson,  E	Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Removal of remdesivir's metabolite GS-441524 by hemodialysis in a double lung transplant recipient with COVID-19	Lê,  MP,  Le Hingrat, et al	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Debates Around the Role of School Closures in the Coronavirus 2019 Pandemic	Lin,  PI,  Chen, et al	JAMA Pediatr	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
QT prolongation with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin for the treatment of COVID-19: The need for pharmacogenetic insights	Lopez-Medina,  A,  Campos-Staffico, et al	J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Letter to the Editor: Lessons to Learn from the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic for International Medical Graduate Applicants and United States Neurosurgery Residency Programs	Lu,  VM,  Menendez, et al	World Neurosurg	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Covid-19 pandemic and the surge of panic attacks among NHS nursing staff: An ethnographical perspective	Lusher,  J,  Murrell, et al	J Adv Nurs	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Reader response: COVID-19 presenting with ophthalmoparesis from cranial nerve palsy	Machado,  C	Neurology	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Brazilian oral medicine and oral histopathology services: the worrying reality in the COVID-19 Era	Machado,  RA,  Bonan, et al	Oral Dis	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
COVID-19-associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Clarified: A Vascular Endotype?	Mangalmurti,  NS,  Reilly, et al	Am J Respir Crit Care Med	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Inhaled nanobodies against COVID-19	Martinez-Delgado,  G	Nat Rev Immunol	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Microsoft OneNote provides continuity for undergraduate biochemistry lab during a pandemic	Marvin,  MC	Biochem Mol Biol Educ	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7221384; [Statistical and Mathematical Modeling in the Coronavirus Epidemic: Some Considerations to Minimize Biases in the Results]	Matabuena,  M,  Madrid Padilla, et al	Arch Bronconeumol	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
COVID-19 and changes to postgraduate medical education in Canada	McCarthy,  C,  Carayannopoulos, et al	CMAJ	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Recruitment and Networking With Social Media for the Otolaryngology Match in the COVID-19 Pandemic	Mecham,  JC,  Menapace, et al	Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Head and neck surgery recommendations during the COVID-19 pandemic – Author's reply	Mehanna,  Hisham	The Lancet Oncology	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
WeChat App in the follow up of thyroid cancer patients after thyroidectomy during the COVID-19 pandemic	Meng,  L,  Zhao, et al	Br J Surg	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Coping with COVID-19 in Sub-Saharan Africa: What Might the Future Hold?	Mennechet,  FJD,  Dzomo, et al	Virol Sin	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
The Future Comes Early for Medical Educators	Minter,  DJ,  Geha, et al	J Gen Intern Med	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Elevated Liver Enzymes in Patients with COVID-19: Look, but Not Too Hard	Moon,  AM,  Barritt, et al	Dig Dis Sci	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Smart working and tele-conferences during the lockdown caused by COVID-19 bring new editorial guidelines	Mutti,  A	Med Lav	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7298476; The ethics of charging patients an infection control fee in the context of COVID-19	Muzumdar,  S,  Grant-Kels, et al	J Am Acad Dermatol	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
COVID-19 and the Antiviral Effect of Saliva	Nasiri,  K	Eur J Dent	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Reader response: Miller Fisher syndrome and polyneuritis cranialis in COVID-19	Ni,  J,  Xu, et al	Neurology	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Experience of an acute old age psychiatric ward in the early stages of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in the UK	Nizama-Vía,  A,  Alonso-Sánchez, et al	Psychogeriatrics	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
ASHP Therapeutic Position Statement on the Use of Antipsychotic Medications in the Treatment of Adults with Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorder	Noel,  JM,  Jackson, et al	Am J Health Syst Pharm	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Airborne Transmission of Covid-19: A Clinician's Perspective	Oh,  MD	Korean J Intern Med	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Implications of COVID-19 control measures for diet and physical activity, and lessons for addressing other pandemics facing rapidly urbanising countries	Oni,  T,  Micklesfield, et al	Glob Health Action	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Evacuation of Electrocautery Smoke: Renewed Consideration During the COVID-19 Pandemic	Ovadia,  SA,  Thaller, et al	J Craniofac Surg	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7332950; Fighting the Coronavirus disease (Covid-19) pandemic: Employing lessons from the Ebola virus disease response	Oyeniran,  OI,  Chia, et al	Ethics Med Public Health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
The disappearing of emergency surgery during the COVID 19 pandemic. Fact or fiction?	Palisi,  M,  Massucco, et al	Br J Surg	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
More testing alone will not get us out of this pandemic	Parthasarathy,  S	Nature	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7382406; Guidelines and Recommendations for Patient Management, Surgical Activities, and Safety in the Maxillofacial Unit and Head and Neck Department During COVID-19 Pandemic	Piombino,  P,  Sani, et al	J Craniofac Surg	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Registering ethnicity for covid-19 research: is the law an obstacle?	Ploem,  C,  Suurmond, et al	BMJ	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Diagnosis and monitoring of COVID-19 pneumonia in pregnant women: is lung ultrasound appropriate?	Quarato,  CMI,  Venuti, et al	Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
More on Pulse Oximetry for Monitoring Patients with COVID-19 at Home	Quaresima,  V,  Ferrari, et al	Ann Am Thorac Soc	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
New insights into the cell- and tissue-specificity of glucocorticoid actions	Quatrini,  L,  Ugolini, et al	Cell Mol Immunol	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Letter to the Editor: Pain Management Strategy in Neurosurgical Patients During the Coronavirus Pandemic	Rahman,  MM,  Azam, et al	World Neurosurg	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
The Unexpected Perks of Triple Board Training: COVID-19 Response	Raj,  A	Acad Psychiatry	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
COVID-19 as a barrier to attending for gastrointestinal endoscopy: weighing up the risks	Rees,  ColinJ,  Rutter, et al	The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Shared care in surgery: Practical considerations for surgical leaders	Reid,  M,  Lee, et al	Healthc Manage Forum	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Was the COVID-19 pandemic avoidable? A call for a "solution-oriented" approach in pathogen evolutionary ecology to prevent future outbreaks	Roche,  B,  Garchitorena, et al	Ecol Lett	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Comment on "Response of a comprehensive cancer center to the COVID-19 pandemic: the experience of the Fondazione IRCCS-Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano"	Romanzi,  A,  Vannelli, et al	Tumori	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Age and Location in Severity of COVID-19 Pathology: Do Lactoferrin and Pneumococcal Vaccination Explain Low Infant Mortality and Regional Differences?	Root-Bernstein,  R	Bioessays	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Immune pathogenesis of COVID-19-related Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C)	Rowley,  AH,  Shulman, et al	J Clin Invest	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Managing uncertainty in the covid-19 era	Rutter,  H,  Wolpert, et al	BMJ	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
COVID-19 and Priorities for Research in Aging	Rylett,  RJ,  Alary, et al	Can J Aging	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
First aid and basic life support resuscitation in occupational settings in COVID-19 pandemic	Sacco,  A	Med Lav	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Lessons From the Frontlines: Pandemic Response Among New York City Pediatric Emergency Medicine Fellowship Programs During COVID-19	Sagalowsky,  ST,  Roskind, et al	Pediatr Emerg Care	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Neuroplastic Surgery Aboard USNS Comfort During the COVID-19 Pandemic in New York City	Santiago,  GF,  Anderson, et al	J Craniofac Surg	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal health services in Pakistan	Sarwer,  A,  Javed, et al	Int J Health Plann Manage	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Positive end-expiratory pressure titration in COVID-19 acute respiratory failure: electrical impedance tomography vs. PEEP/FiO(2) tables	Sella,  N,  Zarantonello, et al	Crit Care	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Impact of COVID-19 and other pandemics and epidemics on people with pre-existing mental disorders: a systematic review protocol and suggestions for clinical care	Sergeant,  A,  van Reekum, et al	BMJ Open	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Will Evidence-based Medicine Survive the COVID-19 Pandemic?	Serpa Neto,  A,  Hodgson, et al	Ann Am Thorac Soc	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Outpatient management of heart valve disease following the COVID-19 pandemic: implications for present and future care	Shah,  BN,  Schlosshan, et al	Heart	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7265864; Hydroxychloroquine for Coronavirus: The Urgent Need for a Moratorium on Prescriptions	Shih,  RD,  Johnson, et al	Am J Med	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7454696; Estimation Without Representation: Early Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Seroprevalence Studies and the Path Forward	Shook-Sa,  B,  Boyce, et al	J Infect Dis	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Neuropathogens and Nasal Cleansing: Use of Clay Montmorillonite Coupled with Activated Carbon for Effective Eradication of Pathogenic Microbes from Water Supplies	Siddiqui,  R,  Khamis, et al	ACS Chem Neurosci	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Editors' note: COVID-19 presenting with ophthalmoparesis from cranial nerve palsy	Siegler,  JE,  3, et al	Neurology	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
SARS-CoV-2 And Trojan Horse Phenomenon -Caveat In Vaccine Quest?	Singh,  M,  Pawar, et al	Scand J Immunol	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Prioritizing specialized children's surgery in Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic	Skarsgard,  ED	CMAJ	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Raloxifene and Bazedoxifene Could Be Promising Candidates for Preventing the COVID-19 Related Cytokine Storm, ARDS and Mortality	Smetana,  K,  J, et al	In Vivo	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
The Urgent Need to Sit Less and Move More During the COVID-19 Pandemic	Smirmaul,  BPC,  Arena, et al	J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Metabolic Syndrome and Viral Pathogenesis: Lessons from Influenza and Coronaviruses	Smith,  M,  Honce, et al	J Virol	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
The application of 6S in the care of COVID-19 patients: a Japanese perspective	Soh,  M,  Hifumi, et al	Crit Care	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Graduate public health education in the post-COVID-19 era	Sullivan,  LisaM,  Velez, et al	The Lancet Public Health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Frequent hand washing and disinfection-a potential new trigger for aquagenic wrinkling of the palms caused by COVID-19 outbreak	Tai,  Y,  Fukumoto, et al	J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
How Latin America is fighting covid-19, for better and worse	Taylor,  L	BMJ	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Will the COVID-19 pandemic threaten the SDGs?	The Lancet Public,  Health	The Lancet Public Health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Emergency Use Authorizations During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons From Hydroxychloroquine for Vaccine Authorization and Approval	Thomson,  K,  Nachlis, et al	JAMA	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Gene of the month: TMPRSS2 (transmembrane serine protease 2)	Thunders,  M,  Delahunt, et al	J Clin Pathol	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Strategies to minimize preventable morbidity and mortality resulting from pandemics like COVID-19	Timmis,  K,  Huang, et al	Environ Microbiol	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
The role of transoral fine needle aspiration in expediting diagnosis and reducing risk in head and neck cancer patients in the coronavirus disease 2019 era: a single-institution experience	Touska,  P,  Oikonomou, et al	J Laryngol Otol	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7358173; commentary: COVID-19 and Obesity: Exploring Biologic Vulnerabilities, Structural Disparities, and Weight Stigma	Townsend,  MJ,  Kyle, et al	Metabolism	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Renin-angiotensin-system inhibition in the context of corona virus disease-19: experimental evidence, observational studies, and clinical implications	Triposkiadis,  F,  Starling, et al	Heart Fail Rev	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Role of Rehabilitation during COVID-19 pandemic: An Indian Perspective	Uppal,  H,  Rai, et al	Disaster Med Public Health Prep	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Debates Around the Role of School Closures in the Coronavirus 2019 Pandemic	Verd,  S,  López-García, et al	JAMA Pediatr	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
How the use of surgical masks during COVID-19 pandemic can induce skin effects	Veronese,  S,  Bernardi, et al	J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
How many people has the coronavirus killed?	Viglione,  G	Nature	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Complete remission of an advanced basal cell carcinoma after only three-month treatment with sonidegib: report of a case and drug management during COVID-19 pandemic	Villani,  A,  Fabbrocini, et al	Dermatol Ther	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Vitamin D in Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19: Current Perspective and Future Prospects	Vyas,  N,  Kurian, et al	J Am Coll Nutr	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Illuminating, through immunohistochemistry, the link between SARS-CoV-2 and pernio (chilblains)	Wetter,  DA	Br J Dermatol	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Neuropsychological consequences of Covid-19	Wilson,  BA,  Betteridge, et al	Neuropsychol Rehabil	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Defining Best Practices for Videoconferencing in the Era of Telemedicine and COVID-19	Wlodarczyk,  JR,  Wolfswinkel, et al	J Craniofac Surg	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Comment on "Truncated IV acetylcysteine treatment duration has potential to safely preserve resources during the COVID-19 pandemic."	Wong,  A	Clin Toxicol (Phila)	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Covid-19: re-opening universities is high risk	Yamey,  G,  Walensky, et al	BMJ	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Risk factors for in-hospital mortality in patients with cancer and COVID-19 – Authors' reply	Yang,  Kunyu,  Sheng, et al	The Lancet Oncology	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Long-term consequences of COVID-19: research needs	Yelin,  Dana,  Wirtheim, et al	The Lancet Infectious Diseases	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Clinical evaluation of COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic testing in asymptomatic urology patients: implications for resumption of elective surgical care	Zeng,  J,  Wong, et al	World J Urol	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Risk factors for in-hospital mortality in patients with cancer and COVID-19	Zhang,  Guosen,  An, et al	The Lancet Oncology	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
The Importance of distinguishing COVID-19 from more common respiratory illnesses	Zhao,  W,  Xie, et al	Epidemiol Infect	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Application of Critical Care Ultrasound in patients with COVID-19: Our experience and perspective	Zou,  T,  Yin, et al	IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
COVID-19 Challenges Status Quo for Cancer Care		Cancer Discov	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
ASHP principles for COVID-19 vaccine distribution, allocation, and mass immunization		Am J Health Syst Pharm	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Coronavirus research updates: Even octogenarians develop potent antibodies		Nature	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial

Appendix: Process and definitions. 

A daily search for new publications is conducted in PubMed, Scopus, BioRxiv and MedRxiv, SSRN, Research Square, arXiv for all publications related to COVID-19 disease or SARS-CoV-2 using the search terms (COVID-19 OR SARS-CoV-2 OR "novel CoV" OR "novel coronavirus" OR nCoV) adapted to each database.  The capture is cross-referenced with publication announcements on the COVID-19 dashboards set up by a number of publishers and google.  Publishers include Lancet, Elsevier, The New England Journal of Medicine, BMJ, Wiley, Springer Nature, ChinaCDCweekly. Additionally the database is cross-referenced with other literature scans e.g. WHO publication list and activities by collaborators.  Members of the Emerging Sciences group develop 1 -2 point summaries of each publication. Please email Lisa Waddell for additional information: Lisa.Waddell@canada.ca.  References are compiled in a reworks database that has citations since the beginning of the outbreak.  All references can be accessed at this link and by the categories listed below.  The daily scan has also been compiled in an excel sheet and copies can be provided upon request or accessed here.

Category Definitions:

Modelling/ prediction: Predictive modeling is a process that uses data mining and probability to forecast outcomes. Each model is made up of a number of predictors, which are variables that are likely to influence future results.

Epidemiology: the branch of medicine which deals with the incidence, distribution, and possible control of diseases and other factors relating to health. Includes Ro, attack rates, case number doubling time, case fatality rate, serial interval, clinical attack rate, asymptomatic fraction, proportion of asymptomatic and infective*

Transmission: The passage of a pathogen causing communicable disease from an infected host to an uninfected host via direct or indirect routes.

Clinical data of cases: Includes clinical parameters such as incubation period, latent period, period of communicability, duration of illness, duration of hospitalization, host risk factors, as well as clinical profiles of patients; presenting symptoms, symptoms over course of illness, sequelae, comorbidities.* 

Surveillance: Public health surveillance is the continuous, systematic collection, analysis and interpretation of health-related data.  Surveillance data will likely be number of cases suspected/confirmed, number of deaths, number recovered. *

Coronavirology: All research relating to the virus; its characteristics, genetic make-up, phylogenetic analyses

Diagnostics / Pathogen detection:  All studies on identification of the virus; culture, PCR, antibody/antigen tests etc.

Therapeutics: Studies of substances that may be used to treat infected hosts including passive immunization products.

Vaccine Research:  Studies of vaccine candidates to prevent infection with 2019-nCoV including clinical trials.

Public Health Priorities: These citations will focus on what the current research priorities are and/or where knowledge gaps exist.

Public Health interventions*: Any study evaluating how effective a public health intervention is or maybe (in the case of a predictive model).

Public Health response: These papers are typically overviews of past and current activities, they often also identify knowledge gaps and suggest future activities or objectives.

Infection Prevention and Control/ Prévention et contrôle des infections (IPAC/PCI): Any research on the effectiveness of IPC interventions should also be tagged as IPC

Health care Response: This foci would include a description of activities to deal with 2019-nCoV cases including, but not limited to:  set up of a special emergency multi-disciplinary intensive care team; Bed and medical equipment preparation/ stock piling supplies; Education and training of staff; Early case recognition and classification of disease severity.

Economics: papers discussing/ forecasting the economics of COVID-19 pandemic.

Immunology:

Animal Model:

Zoonotic: all literature discussing the transmission to and from or occurrence of naturally acquired SARS-COV-2 infection in animals.

Review Literature:  All articles that summarize the published literature can be tagged as a review.  This includes systematic review, meta-analysis, scoping review, overviews, umbrella reviews*

Commentary/Editorial: For commentaries, editorials, letters to the editor, other types of opinion pieces where there is no new data collected by the author or analysis conducted by the author, please tag these within the commentary category.

News articles that have not scientific information.

*Lists are not exhaustive

Annexe: Processus et définitions. 

Une recherche quotidienne des nouvelles publications est effectuée dans PubMed, Scopus, BioRxiv and MedRxiv, SSRN, Research Square, arXiv pour toutes les publications relatives à la maladie COVID-19 ou au SRAS-CoV-2 en utilisant les termes de recherche (COVID-19 OU SARS-CoV-2 OU « novel CoV » OU « novel coronavirus » OU nCoV).  La saisie renvoie à des annonces de publication sur les tableaux de bord du nCoV mis en place par un certain nombre d'éditeurs et par Google.  Parmi les éditeurs figurent Lancet, Elsevier, The New England Journal of Medicine, BMJ, Wiley, Springer Nature, ChinaCDCweekly.  En outre, la base de données renvoie à d'autres survols de publications, e.g. la liste des publications de l'OMS, et à des activités des collaborateurs.  Les membres du groupe scientifique émergent préparent des résumés en 1 ou 2 points de chaque publication. Pour en savoir plus, veuillez envoyer un courriel à Lisa Waddell au : Lisa.Waddell@canada.ca.  Les références sont compilées dans une base de données Refworks qui contient des citations depuis le début de l'épidémie.  Toutes les références sont accessibles à partir de ce lien et par les catégories énumérées ci-dessous. L'analyse quotidienne a également été compilée dans une feuille Excel et des copies peuvent être fournies sur demande ou consultées ici.

Définitions des catégories :

Modélisation / prédiction : La modélisation prédictive est un processus qui utilise l'exploration de données et la probabilité pour prévoir les résultats. Chaque modèle est composé de plusieurs prédicteurs, qui sont des variables susceptibles d'influencer les résultats futurs.

Épidémiologie : Branche de la médecine qui traite de l'incidence, de la répartition et du contrôle éventuel des maladies et d'autres facteurs liés à la santé. Comprend le taux de reproduction de base (Ro), les taux d'attaque, le temps de doublement du nombre de cas, le taux de létalité, l'intervalle sériel, le taux d'attaque clinique, la fraction asymptomatique, la proportion de cas asymptomatiques et infectieux*.

Transmission : Passage d'un agent pathogène causant une maladie transmissible d'un hôte infecté à un hôte non infecté par des voies directes ou indirectes.

Données cliniques des cas : Comprend les paramètres cliniques tels que la période d'incubation, la période de latence, la période de contagiosité, la durée de la maladie, la durée de l'hospitalisation, les facteurs de risque de l'hôte, ainsi que les profils cliniques des patients; les symptômes présentés, les symptômes au cours de la maladie, les séquelles, les comorbidités.* 

Surveillance : La surveillance de la santé publique est la collecte, l'analyse et l'interprétation continues et systématiques de données relatives à la santé.  Les données de surveillance concerneront probablement le nombre de cas suspects / confirmés, le nombre de décès, le nombre de personnes guéries. *

Coronavirologie : Toutes les recherches relatives au virus, ses caractéristiques, sa constitution génétique et les analyses phylogénétiques.

Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes : Toutes les études sur l'identification du virus : culture, PCR, tests de dépistage d'anticorps ou d’antigènes, etc.

Thérapeutique : Étude des substances pouvant être utilisées pour traiter les hôtes infectés, y compris les produits d'immunisation passive.

Recherche sur les vaccins : Études des candidats à la vaccination pour prévenir l'infection par le 2019-nCoV, y compris des essais cliniques.

Priorités de santé publique : Ces citations porteront sur les priorités actuelles de recherche et/ou sur les lacunes dans les connaissances.

Interventions de santé publique* : Toute étude évaluant l'efficacité (réelle ou possible) d'une intervention de santé publique (dans le cas d'un modèle prédictif).

Réponse de la santé publique : Ces articles sont généralement des aperçus des activités passées et actuelles, qui identifient souvent les lacunes dans les connaissances et suggèrent des activités ou des objectifs futurs.

Prévention et contrôle des infections/Infection Prevention and Control (PCI/IPAC) : Les recherches sur l'efficacité des interventions en PCI doivent également être marquées comme PCI.

Réponse des soins de santé : Ce point comprendrait une description des activités pour traiter les cas de 2019-nCoV, notamment :  mise en place d'une équipe multidisciplinaire spéciale de soins intensifs d'urgence; préparation des lits et des équipements médicaux / stockage des fournitures; sensibilisation et formation du personnel; reconnaissance précoce des cas et classification de la gravité de la maladie.

Immunologie :

Modèle animal:

Zoonotic: all literature discussing the transmission to and from or occurrence of naturally acquired SARS-COV-2 infection in animals.

Économie: documents discutant / prévoyant l'économie de la pandémie de COVID-19

Revue de la documentation :  Tous les articles qui résument les documents publiés peuvent être marqués comme une revue.  Cela comprend les revues systématiques, les méta-analyses, les études de la portée, les aperçus, les examens généraux*.

Commentaires/Éditorial : Pour les commentaires, éditoriaux, lettres à la rédaction, autres types d'articles d'opinion pour lesquels aucune nouvelle donnée n'est collectée ou aucune analyse n'est effectuée par l'auteur, veuillez les marquer dans la catégorie des commentaires.

journaux Articles de presse qui n'ont pas d'informations scientifiques.

* Les listes ne sont pas exhaustives