Subject: Daily Scan of COVID-19 Scientific Publications / survol journalier des publications scientifiques du COVID-19, 2020-09-02

Good afternoon,

There are 773 citations in today’s scan. 417 were considered primary research or review literature.

Highlights today include:

CANADA

· Patel et al. assess the overall impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the provision of interventional radiology (IR) services in Canada. Nearly half of the participants reported an overall decrease in demand for acute IR services; on-call services were maintained at centers that routinely provide these services. The majority of respondents were performing inpatient IR procedures at the bedside where possible. Most participants reported an overall decrease in elective IR services. Interventional radiology clinics and multidisciplinary rounds were predominately transitioned to virtual platforms. The vast majority of participants reported their center had disseminated an IR specific PPE policy; 73% reported a decrease in case volume for trainees by at least 25% and a proportion of trainees will either have a delay in starting their careers as IR attendings (24%) or fellowship training (35%).

· Liu et al. explored whether perceptions of threat from COVID-19 and efficacy to follow government recommendations for preventing COVID-19 would mediate the relationships between personality traits and perceived stress. In an online survey of a representative sample of Canadian adults (n = 1055), they found that higher neuroticism and extroversion were associated with higher levels of stress during the pandemic and a greater increase in stress levels compared to levels before the pandemic. Findings highlight that personality traits could be an important factor in identifying stress-prone individuals during a pandemic and that stress management interventions need to be personality specific.

PUBLIC HEALTH INTERVENTIONS

· Thompson et al developed a COVID-19 epidemic model to highlight the risks posed by the disease during wildland fire incidents. The model accounts for the transient nature of the population on a wildland fire incident, which poses unique risks to the management of communicable diseases in fire camps. The model assessed the impact of two types of interventions: the screening of a firefighter arriving on an incident, and social distancing measures. Results suggest that both interventions are important to mitigate the risks posed by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. However, screening is relatively more effective on short incidents, whereas social distancing is relatively more effective during extended campaigns.

· Zhu, et al. propose a generalized Markov-Switching approach, the SUIHR model, designed to study border control policies and contact tracing against COVID-19 in a period where countries start to re-open. We find that even if a country has closed its borders completely, domestic contact tracing is not enough to go back to normal life. Countries having successfully controlled the virus can keep it under check as long as imported risk is not growing, meaning they can lift travel restrictions with similar countries. However, opening borders towards countries with less controlled infection dynamics would require a mandatory quarantine or a strict test on arrival.

EPIDEMIOLOGY

· Gandhi et al. evaluated how private equity (PE) owned nursing homes impacted the readiness and outcomes in their facilities during the pandemic. They found that PE homes where associated with decreased probability of confirmed residents and staff. It was also associated with the decreased probability in PPE shortages including N95s, surgical masks, eyewear, gowns, gloves and hand sanitizer.

· Giaha et al. assess if youth cigarette and e-cigarette use is associated with COVID-19 symptoms, testing and diagnosis. The found that COVID-19 diagnosis was five times more likely among ever-users of e-cigarettes only, seven times more likely among ever-dual-users. Testing was nine times more likely among past 30-day dual-users and 2.6 times more likely among past 30-day e-cigarette only users. Symptoms were 4.7 times more likely among past 30-day dual-users.

· Wang, et al. tested SARS-CoV-2 RNA in stool and respiratory specimens from COVID-19 patients, until two sequential negative results were obtained. SARS-CoV-2 RNA in stool specimens was associated with a milder condition and better recovery of chest CT results while the median duration of SARS-CoV-2 RNA persistence was significantly longer in fecal samples than in oropharyngeal swabs. The fecal viral load easily reached a high level and rebounded even though respiratory signals became negative.

· Zhao, et al. retrospectively investigated 1407 HCWs who were screened for COVID-19 by chest computed tomography (CT) scans and nasopharyngeal swabs for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid. The findings demonstrated that a high rate of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers existed among healthcare worker close contacts during the outbreak of COVID-19.

CLINICAL DATA

· Guo et al describe a mild SARS-CoV-2 case in a 27-year old male who had persistent SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection for 24 days of hospitalization, and again 7 days post hospital discharge. Serology showed specific IgM antibodies were undetectable and IgG antibodies were very low on day 8 after onset; both of the antibodies seemingly reached top concentrations on day 15 (just a 6-fold increase of the IgG titer), and then decreased, remaining relatively stable from day 25 after onset until discharge.

· Tillet et al present genomic evidence for a case of reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 in Nevada, USA. The case was positive for the 1st time in mid-April 2020, and after recovering returned ill at the end of May, 2020. Nucleic acid sequence analysis showed that the viruses associated with each instance of infection were found to possess a degree of genetic discordance, indicative of reinfection.

· Karonova et al. evaluate the vitamin D level of patients with COVID-19 hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia and compare the value of 25(OH)D in blood serum with the clinical manifestations of the disease.  Vitamin D deficiency and obesity have been found to increase the risk of severe course and death of coronavirus infection.

TRANSMISSION

· Gong et al.  analyzed 3 related clusters of COVID-19 with potential pre-symptomatic transmission in China. This study provides evidence that transmission of COVID-19 during the incubation period indicates pre-symptomatic person to person transmission which means higher requirements for prevention and control measures are needed.

THERAPEUTICS

· Tripathi et al found that Teicoplanin was about 10–20 fold more potent in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 protease activity than other drugs in use, such as lopinavir, hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, azithromycin, and atazanavir.

· Julián et al. propose a rationale for the use of subcutaneous Anakinra (ANK) and review initial experience in a small cohort of severe COVID-19 cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) patients. Overall, 55.6% of COVID-19 ARDS CSS patients treated with ANK exhibited favorable outcome, not inferior to a Tocilizumab (TCZ) treated matched cohort. ANK may be a potential alternative to TCZ for patients with elevated aminotransferases, and may be useful in non-responders to TCZ.

· Rahmani et al., in this randomized clinical trial, evaluated the efficacy and safety of interferon (IFN) β-1b in the treatment of patients with severe COVID-19. Between April 20 and May 20, 2020, 80 patients were enrolled, and 66 completed the study. Time to clinical improvement in the IFN group was significantly shorter than the control group. At day 14, the percentage of discharged patients was 78.79% and 54.55% in the IFN and control groups respectively. ICU admission rate in the control group was significantly higher than the IFN group. All-cause 28-day mortality was 6.06% and 18.18% in the IFN and control groups, respectively.

· Li et al. conducted a multicenter, randomized controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of recombinant super-compound interferon (a new genetically engineered interferon) vs traditional interferon alpha added to baseline antiviral agents (lopinavir–ritonavir or umifenovir) for the treatment of moderate-to-severe COVID-19. The primary outcome was the time to clinical improvement. Secondary outcomes included the overall rate of clinical improvement assessed on day 28, the time to radiological improvement and virus nucleic acid negative conversion, and adverse events. Results showed that rSIFN-co added to antiviral agents was safe and more efficient than interferon alpha plus antiviral agents in the treatment of moderate-to-severe COVID-19. Future clinical study of rSIFN-co therapy alone or combined with other antiviral therapy is warranted.

CORONAVIROLOGY

· Nasir et al. compare Liverpool amplification, ARTIC amplification, and bait capture using clinical diagnostics samples. While only two clinical samples were examined in this comparative analysis, both the Liverpool and ARTIC amplification methods showed differing efficacy for high and low concentration samples. In addition, amplification-free bait capture enriched sequencing of cDNA is a viable method for generating a SARS-CoV-2 genome sequence and for identification of amplification artifacts.

PUBLIC HEALT RESPONSE

· Xu, et al. examined the relationship between material hardship and parenting stress among grandparent kinship providers, and assessed grandparents’ mental health as a potential mediator to this relationship during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. Suffering material hardship was significantly associated with higher odds of experiencing parenting stress among grandparent kinship providers, and grandparents’ mental health partially mediated this association.

Regards,

Lisa Waddell, Tricia Corrin, Rukshanda Ahmad, Robyn Odell, Maribeth Mitri, Julie Theriault, Dobrila Todoric, Alejandra Dubois, Christina Bancej, Austyn Baumeister, Anam Khan, Musaab Younis, Lien Mi Tien, Dima Ayache, Angela Sloan, Kaitlin Young, Chatura Prematunge, Ainsley Otten

Focus areas: Modelling/ prediction, Epidemiology, Transmission, Clinical data, Surveillance, Coronavirology, Diagnostics / Pathogen detection, Therapeutics, Vaccine Research, Public health interventions, Public Health response, Public Health Priorities, IPAC, Health care response, immunology, economics, animal model, zoonoses, Review Literature, Commentary/Editorial, news

Domaines cibles: Modélisation/prédiction, Épidémiologie, Transmission, Données cliniques, Surveillance, Coronavirologie, Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes, Thérapeutique, Recherche sur les vaccins, Interventions de santé publique, Priorités de santé publique, PCI, Réponse des soins de santé, immunologie, économie, modèle animal, zoonoses, Revue de littérature, Commentaire/Éditorial, journaux

PUBLICATIONS	AUTHORS / AUTEURS	SOURCE	FOCI / DOMAINE	SUMMARY / SOMMAIRE
Depression, stress and anxiety of nurses in COVID-19 pandemic in Nohe-Dey Hospital in Torbat-e-Heydariyeh city, Iran	Abadi,  TSH,  Askari, et al	Journal of Military Medicine	Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	In the present study, depression, stress and anxiety of nurses working in corona wards of hospital were evaluated. This cross-sectional study was performed with the participation of 125 nurses working in COVID-19 wards of Nohe-Dey Hospital in Torbat-e-Heydariyeh city, Iran in 2020. There were 125 nurses with a mean age of 29.4±6.5 years. The Chi-square test showed that depression, anxiety and stress of nurses were moderate. The one-way analysis of variance test showed that depression with age (P=0.002), anxiety with age (P=0.018), employment status (P=0.009) and satisfaction with personal protective equipment (p=0.015) and stress with age (P=0.011), employment status (P=0.023) are significantly associated.
Fatal Coronavirus Disease 2019-associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis; A Report of Two Cases and Review of the Literature	Abdalla,  S,  Almaslamani, et al	IDCases	Clinical data| Données cliniques	We report two fatal cases of putative COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis. Both cases were diagnosed on the basis of respiratory tract cultures yielding Aspergillus species and otherwise unexplained clinical and radiological deterioration.
Coenzyme Q10 supplementation mitigates piroxicam-induced oxidative injury and apoptotic pathways in the stomach, liver, and kidney	Abdeen,  A,  Abdelkader, et al	Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy	Therapeutics| Thérapeutique Animal model | Modèle animal	The current research was planned to investigate the possible mechanisms behind the mitigating action of the coenzyme (CoQ10), a natural, free radical scavenger, against PM tissue injury. Rats were assigned to five equal groups; Control, CoQ10 (10 mg/kg, orally), PM (7 mg/kg, i.p.), CoQ + PM L, and CoQ + PM H group. After 28 days, PM provoked severe gastric ulceration and marked liver and kidney damage indicated by an elevated gastric ulcer index and considerable alteration in liver and kidney biochemical tests. The toxic effects might be attributed to mitochondrial dysfunction and excess generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), as indicated by enhanced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels along with decreased reduced-glutathione (GSH) levels and catalase (CAT) activity. Apoptotic cell death also was demonstrated by increased regulation of activated caspase-3 in the stomach, liver, and kidney tissues. Interestingly, external supplementation of CoQ10 attenuated the PM-inflicted deleterious oxidative harm and apoptosis. This ameliorative action was ascribed to the free radical scavenging activity of CoQ10.
PMC7308015; High Level of Food Insecurity among Families with Children Seeking Routine Care at Federally Qualified Health Centers during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic	Abrams,  SA,  Avalos, et al	J Pediatr X	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	This study aimed to assess food insecurity during pediatric visits to federally qualified health centers (FQHCs) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Interviews using the validated American Academy of Pediatrics 2-question food insecurity screen were performed with 200 consecutive families presenting for pediatric care to 2 FQHC in Central Texas from April 14 to May 20, 2020, during the initial phase of the pandemic in Texas. Overall, 47% of families had a positive food insecurity screen. More than 90% of these were worrying about food running out and about 60% were positive for the question related to food not lasting. Among families with food insecurity, 94% indicated this had begun or worsened during the pandemic. Of the 115 families volunteering information about employment, 46% reported job loss during this time period. Both ethnicity (P < .001) and Special Supplementation Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) participation (P = .03) were associated with greater levels of food insecurity. Among primarily Spanish-speaking families participating in the WIC program, 64% reported food insecurity.
Contact Tracing for Containment of Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in the Early Phase of the Epidemic in the Maldives	Afzal,  I,  Abdul Raheem, et al	Asia Pac J Public Health	Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique	The objective of the study was to find the effectiveness of contract tracing and containment measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Contact tracing approach in the Maldives was examined and information on the cases and contacts was extracted from the GO.DATA software and the outbreak online database that was adopted by the Maldives for COVID-19 epidemic. A mathematical model was developed to provide information on expected number of cases and contacts. Up to July 19, 2020 (week 29), there were 2966 confirmed cases and 23 091 contacts traced. The procedures employed in the contact tracing and containment measures in the Maldives were effective in delaying the spread of COVID-19 in the community. The cases and contacts were found to be lower than the predicted mathematical model.
Use of chest CT-scan images to differentiate between SARS-CoV-2 infection and fat embolism: A clinical case	Agbelele,  P,  Van Maris, et al	Radiology Case Reports	Clinical data| Données cliniques	The authors present the case of a young man victim of a traffic accident during the SARS-CoV-2 confinement, having presented a fracture of the femoral shaft that was soon complicated by respiratory failure with oxygen desaturation. In this pandemic context, Covid-19 RT-PCR tests were carried out but returned negative. The CT images could suggest either a fatty embolism, a SARS-CoV-2 infection or both. The patient's condition improved significantly after going into intensive care and only symptomatic treatment. This case demonstrates the difficulty of differential interpretation of CT images between fatty embolism and SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Mind The Gap: Real-time Decentralized Distance Estimation using Ultrasound and Bluetooth across Multiple Smartphones	Agrawal,  DevanshR,  Lyon, et al	arXiv	Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique	We establish a method to measure the distance between multiple phones across a large number of closely spaced smartphones with a median absolute error of 8.5~cm. The application works in real-time, using Time of Flight of near-ultrasound signals, providing alerts with sufficient responsiveness to be useful for distancing while devices are in users pockets and they are moving at walking speed. The approach is decentralized, requires no additional hardware, and can operate in the background without an internet connection. We have no device-specific requirements nor need any manual calibration or device synchronization. It has been tested with over 20 different phones models, from both the Android and iOS systems in the past 5 years. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first successful such implementation, and has 25000 users at time of publishing.
How and When Does Inclusive Leadership Curb Psychological Distress During a Crisis? Evidence From the COVID-19 Outbreak	Ahmed,  F,  Zhao, et al	Frontiers in Psychology	Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	Participants of this cross sectional study included 497 registered nurses from five hospitals in Wuhan. Data were collected with temporal separation through an online questionnaire. Partial least-squares structural equation modeling was used to analyze data. Results show inclusive leadership has a significant negative relationship with psychological distress. Work engagement mediates this relationship, and nurses’ self-sacrificial behavior moderates it. Findings indicate inclusive leadership style serves as a sustainable mechanism to reduce psychological distress during pandemics. It can operationalize the delivery of mental health support in real-time in work settings. Results provide empirical support for social exchange theory through high work engagement to help control psychological distress among nurses.
The effect of online learning on communication between instructors and students during Covid-19 pandemic	Alawamleh,  M,  Al-Twait, et al	Asian Education and Development Studies	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	This study aims to explore whether online learning has an effect on communication between instructors and students in a negative way, whether online learning affects students' productivity levels and to evaluate and suggest ways of improving effective online communication between instructors and students. Results revealed that the vast majority agree with the questions of the study. Students still prefer classroom classes over online classes due to many problems they face when taking online classes, such as lack of motivation, understanding of the material, decrease in communication levels between the students and their instructors and their feeling of isolation caused by online classes.
Socioeconomic impact of COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from rural mountain community in Pakistan	Ali,  A,  Ahmed, et al	Journal of Public Affairs	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	This study examines the trend of the spread of COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan and to explore the community perception of the socioeconomic impact of COVID-19 pandemic in a rural mountain area of Pakistan. An online survey was conducted through snowball sampling technique and total 367 people participated in the survey. The results of the study show that COVID-19 cases spiked amid ease of lockdown in the country and the spread of novel coronavirus pandemic has significant socioeconomic impact on the lives of mountain communities in Gilgit-Baltistan. Financial uncertainty, decrease in income, fear of job loss, and food insecurity are some major challenges that mountain communities face due to outbreak of coronavirus in the region. The results further show that lack of community cooperation with government agencies, lack of awareness about the severity of coronavirus, and insufficient COVID-19 testing kits are the major factors that caused the spread of coronavirus cases.
Geographic Disparities in Stress Levels during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Kuwait	Alnasrallah,  M,  Alshehab, et al	Papers in Applied Geography	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	This study investigates the geographic disparities in stress levels among residents in Kuwait’s urban area using a geographic information system. The sample consisted of 2100 participants, 53.2% of whom were female, and 46.8% of whom were male. In this study, the percentage of those who experienced stress during the pandemic was generally high for the group of all participants; however, the younger population tended to have higher rates of stress. The geographic pattern of higher stress areas for all participants tended to be close to Kuwait City, while the southern districts appeared to have lower percentages. Geographically weighted regression was used to measure the spatial relationship between the rates of stress and educational levels. Those with higher educational levels tended to be spatially and statistically associated with higher rates of stress, while those with lower educational levels had lower rates of stress.
QSAR Modeling of SARS-CoV Mpro Inhibitors Identifies Sufugolix, Cenicriviroc, Proglumetacin, and Other Drugs as Candidates for Repurposing against SARS-CoV-2	Alves,  VM,  Bobrowski, et al	Molecular Informatics	Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Therapeutics| Thérapeutique	We have identified the experimental data on the inhibitory activity of compounds tested against the closely related (96 % sequence identity, 100 % active site conservation) Mpro of SARS-CoV. We developed QSAR models of these inhibitors and employed these models for virtual screening of all drugs in the DrugBank database. Similarity searching and molecular docking were explored in parallel, but docking failed to correctly discriminate between experimentally active and inactive compounds, so it was not relied upon for prospective virtual screening. Forty-two compounds were identified by our models as consensus computational hits. Subsequent to our computational studies, NCATS reported the results of experimental screening of their drug collection in SARS-CoV-2 cytopathic effect assay. Coincidentally, NCATS tested 11 of our 42 hits, and three of them, cenicriviroc (AC50 of 8.9 μM), proglumetacin (tested twice independently, with AC50 of 8.9 μM and 12.5 μM), and sufugolix (AC50 12.6 μM), were shown to be active. These observations support the value of our modeling approaches and models for guiding the experimental investigations of putative anti-COVID-19 drug candidates.
Remote Work and the Heterogeneous Impact of Covid-19 on Employment and Health	Angelucci,  Manuela,  Angrisani, et al	SSRN- Lancet prepublication	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	This paper examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on employment and respiratory health for remote workers (i.e. those who can work from home) and non-remote workers in the United States. Using a large, nationally-representative, high-frequency panel dataset from March through July of 2020, we show that job losses were up to three times as large for non-remote workers. This gap is larger than the differential job losses for women, African Americans, Hispanics, or workers without college degrees. Non-remote workers also experienced relatively worse respiratory health, which likely occurred because it was more difficult for non-remote workers to protect themselves. Grouping workers by pre-pandemic household income shows that job losses and, to a lesser extent, health losses were highest among non-remote workers from low-income households, exacerbating existing disparities. Finally, we show that lifting non-essential business closures did not substantially increase employment.
Rising home values and Covid-19 case rates in Massachusetts	Arcaya,  MC,  Nidam, et al	Social Science and Medicine	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	We explore whether housing displacement pressure could help explain place-based disparities in Massachusetts COVID-19 prevalence. We use qualitative data from the Healthy Neighborhoods Study to illustrate how rising and unaffordable housing costs are experienced by residents in municipalities disproportionately affected by COVID-19. We then predict municipal-level COVID-19 case rates as a function of home value increases and housing cost burden prevalence among low-income households, controlling for previously identified community-level risk factors. We find that housing value increase predicts higher COVID-19 case rates, but that associations are ameliorated in areas with higher home values. Qualitative data highlight crowding, “doubling up,” homelessness, and employment responses as mechanisms that might link housing displacement pressure to COVID-19 prevalence. © 2020 The Author(s)
Global and Temporal COVID-19 Risk Evaluation	Arsalan,  M,  Mubin, et al	Frontiers in Public Health	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie	To understand how each country is impacted by the virus and assess the risk on a global scale we present a regression based analysis using two pre-existing indexes, namely the Inform and Infectious Disease Vulnerability Index, in conjunction with the number of elderly living in the population. Further we introduce a temporal layer in our modeling by incorporating the stringency level employed by each country over a period of 6 time intervals. Our results show that the indexes and level of stringency are not ideally suited for explaining variation in COVID-19 risk, however the ratio of elderly in the population is a stand out indicator in terms of its predictive power for mortality risk. In conclusion, we discuss how such modeling approaches can assist public health policy.
SARS-CoV-2 infection in the COPD population is associated with increased healthcare utilization: An analysis of Cleveland clinic's COVID-19 registry	Attaway,  AA,  Zein, et al	EClinicalMedicine	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	We sought to determine whether COPD conferred a higher risk for healthcare utilization in terms of hospitalization and clinical outcomes due to COVID-19. Symptomatic patients aged 35 years and older who were tested for SARS-CoV-2 between March 8 and May 13, 2020 were included. 15,586 individuals tested for COVID-19 at the Cleveland Clinic between March 8, 2020 and May 13, 2020 met our inclusion criteria. 12.4% of COPD patients (164/1319) tested positive for COVID-19 compared to 16.6% (2363/14,267) of the non-COPD population. 48.2% (79/164) of COVID-19 positive COPD patients required hospitalization and 45.6% (36/79) required ICU admission. After adjustment for covariates, rates of COVID-19 infection were not significantly different than the non-COPD population (adj OR 0.97; CI: 0.89–1.05), but COPD patients had increased healthcare utilization as demonstrated by risk for hospitalization (adj OR 1.36; CI: 1.15–1.60), ICU admission (OR 1.20; CI: 1.02–1.40), and need for invasive mechanical ventilation (adj OR 1.49; CI: 1.28–1.73). Unadjusted risk for in-hospital mortality was higher in the COPD population (OR 1.51; CI: 1.14–1.96). After adjusting for covariates however, the risk for in-hospital mortality was not significantly different than the non-COPD population (adj OR 1.08: CI: 0.81–1.42).
tocilizumab in the treatment of systemic inflammatory response in a patient with CoVID-19 (clinical case)	Avdoshina,  DD,  Dyachkov, et al	Jurnal Infektologii	Clinical data| Données cliniques	This case study demonstrates the timeliness and effectiveness of anticytokine therapy with COVID-19, the possibility of using a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody to the human receptor for interleukin-6 (IL-6) (tocilizumab).
The Sialoside-Binding Pocket of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein Structurally Resembles MERS-CoV	Awasthi,  M,  Gulati, et al	Viruses	Coronavirology| Coronavirologie	Here we used in silico docking algorithms and molecular dynamic simulations to test the binding potential of this SARS-CoV-2 NTD pocket with different sialosides. Remarkably, the dynamic nature of the β14-β15 loop, which is one of the three divergent loop regions, potentiates the binding of SARS-CoV-2 NTD with diverse and larger sialosides. Our result suggests that SARS-CoV-2 NTD is similar to the NTD of MERS-CoV spike glycoprotein and can accommodate sialosides at neutral pH. Thus, our observation potentiates further studies involving the functional role of SARS-CoV-2-sialoside interaction during virus entry, tissue tropism, and in identifying novel therapeutic targets preventing such interaction.
Symptoms of Anxiety, Depression and Peritraumatic Dissociation in Critical Care Clinicians Managing COVID-19 Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study	Azoulay,  E,  Cariou, et al	Am J Respir Crit Care Med	Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	This study aimed to assess the prevalence of symptoms of anxiety, depression, and peritraumatic dissociation in healthcare providers (HCPs). A cross-sectional study in 21 ICUs in France between April 20 and May 21, 2020 was conducted. Response rate was 67%, with 1058 respondents (median age 33 y, 71% women, 68% nursing staff). The prevalence of symptoms of anxiety, depression, and peritraumatic dissociation was 50.4%, 30.4%, and 32%, respectively, with the highest rates in nurses. By multivariable analysis, male sex was independently associated with lower prevalence of symptoms of anxiety, depression, and peritraumatic dissociation (OR 0.58 (0.42-0.79), 0.57 (0.39-0.82) and 0.49 (0.34-0.72), respectively. HCPs working in non-university-affiliated hospitals and nursing assistants were at high risk of symptoms of anxiety and peritraumatic dissociation. Importantly, we identified six modifiable determinants of symptoms of mental health disorders: fear of being infected, inability to rest, inability to care for family, struggling with difficult emotions, regret about the restrictions in visitation policies, and witnessing hasty end-of-life decisions.
Mass Infection Analysis of COVID-19 Using the SEIRD Model in Daegu-Gyeongbuk of Korea from April to May, 2020	Bae,  TW,  Kwon, et al	J Korean Med Sci	Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie	The present study evaluated rapid infection spread by mass infection in Korea and the high mortality rate for the elderly and those with underlying diseases through the Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Recovered-Dead (SEIRD) model. The present study demonstrated early infection peak occurrence (-6.3 days for Daegu and -5.3 days for Gyeongbuk) and slow recovery trend (= -1,486.6 persons for Daegu and -223.7 persons for Gyeongbuk) between the actual and the epidemic model for a mass infection region compared to a normal infection region.
Frequency of serological non-responders and false-negative RT-PCR results in SARS-CoV-2 testing: a population-based study	Baron,  RC,  Risch, et al	Clin Chem Lab Med	Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes	The aim of the study was to determine the frequency of negative RT-PCR results at first clinical presentation as well as negative serological results after a follow-up of at least 3 weeks. Among all patients seen for suspected COVID-19 in Liechtenstein (n=1921), we included initially RT-PCR positive index patients (n=85) as well as initially RT-PCR negative (n=66) for follow-up with SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing. Among COVID-19 patients in Liechtenstein, false-negative RT-PCR at initial presentation was seen in 18% (12/66), whereas negative serology in COVID-19 patients was 4% (3/85). The validation cohort showed similar frequencies: 2/66 (3%) for negative serology, and 16/155 (10%) for false negative RT-PCR. COVID-19 patients with negative follow-up serology tended to have a longer disease duration (p=0.05) and more clinical symptoms than other patients with COVID-19 (p<0.05). The antibody titer from quantitative immunoassays was positively associated with the number of disease symptoms and disease duration (p<0.001).
Mathematical modeling and simulation of the COVID-19 pandemic	Bärwolff,  G	Systems	Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie	Based on actual data of people infected with COVID-19 from the European Center for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), input parameters of mathematical models will be determined and applied. These parameters will be estimated for the UK, Italy, Spain, and Germany and used in an SI R-type model. As a basis for the model’s calibration, the initial exponential growth phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in the named countries is used. Strategies for the commencing and ending of social and economic shutdown measures are discussed.
Geographical analysis of COVID-19 epidemiology in Iran with Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis Approach (ESDA)	Bazargan,  M,  Amirfakhriyan, et al	Journal of Military Medicine	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie	The present study is a geographical analysis of the COVID-19 epidemiology in Iran. The statistical population included the total number of people infected with COVID-19 (n=21638) in Iran during February 22, 2020, and March 22, 2020. Statistics show that the age group of 21-50 years is the highest percentage of people infected with COVID-19. The results showed that the most important factor in the spatial spread of coronavirus in Iran is the distance and proximity of the provinces affected by this disease so that at a distance of 383.8 km between the provinces, the Moran coefficient is 0.66627 and shows a positive spatial correlation. It is located at a distance of 762.6 km between the provinces and the Moran coefficient is -0.040246, which indicates a negative spatial correlation, which means that this distance decreases after the number of people with COVID-19. In spatial clustering, HH clusters including provinces (Tehran, Alborz, Qom, Mazandaran, Gilan, Qazvin, Isfahan, Semnan, Markazi and Yazd) are known as the main spatial propagation centers of the Coronavirus epidemic, which should be controlled and reduced. Also, LH clusters (including Golestan, Khorasan Razavi, North Khorasan, Ardabil and Hamedan provinces) are the ring around the center of damage, which should be controlled in terms of spatial interaction and proximity to HH clusters. Serious travel bans should be put in place to prevent the spread of coronavirus to the provinces in the LH cluster.
The association between COVID-19 WHO non-recommended behaviors with psychological distress in the UK population: A preliminary study	Ben-Ezra,  M,  Cary, et al	Journal of psychiatric research	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	A national study of 1293 participants from the UK recorded location, underlying medical conditions and non-recommended behaviors along with psychological distress. Elevated psychological distress was associated with living in London, underlying medical conditions and practicing non-recommended behaviors. Findings suggest that medical authorities should address the association between psychological distress and adoption of potentially maladaptive behaviors.
The impact of SARS-CoV-2 restrictions on medical care in Plastic Surgery	Bernuth,  S,  Horch, et al	Handchirurgie, Mikrochirurgie, plastische Chirurgie : Organ der Deutschsprachigen Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Handchirurgie : Organ der Deutschsprachigen Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Mikrochirurgie der Peripheren Nerven und Gefasse : Organ der V..	Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	The number of plastic surgery cases in a university hospital was evaluated during 16.03.2020 to 27.04.2020 and compared with previous years. Due to cancelling of elective surgery the number of cases dropped to 57,3 % of the caseload of previous years. There was no change in ratio of emergency (2020: 56,4 %; 2017-2019: 54,9 %) and urgent (2020: 44,6 %; 2017-2019: 45 %) surgery. No changes in regard to the etiology of trauma cause nor insurance status (occupational insurance/health insurance) were noted.
Belief in COVID-19 Conspiracy Theories Reduces Social Distancing over Time	Bierwiaczonek,  K,  Kunst, et al	Appl Psychol Health Well Being	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	Conspiracy theories about the origins of COVID-19 are widespread and have even been propagated by highly ranked state officials and politicians in the US. Health authorities have cautioned that such theories, although not questioning the existence of the pandemic, may increase the spread of the virus by reducing people's efforts to socially distance. We test this proposition empirically using longitudinal survey data collected at five timepoints during the early outbreak of the virus in the US (N = 403). Multivariate growth curve analyses showed that, although conspiracy beliefs decreased and social distancing increased over time, people holding more conspiracy beliefs at the beginning of the pandemic showed the lowest increase in social distancing. Moreover, cross-lagged analyses demonstrated that people who reported more conspiracy beliefs at any wave tended to report less social distancing at the following wave.
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on patient satisfaction and surgical outcomes: A retrospective and cross sectional study	Bin Traiki,  TA,  AlShammari, et al	Annals of Medicine and Surgery	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patient satisfaction and surgical outcomes at King Khalid University Hospital in Saudi Arabia. It is a retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted from 13-3–2020 to 26-4-2020 at King Khalid University Hospital in Saudi Arabia. 331 participants were included in the study (median age: 53 years; 70% female), and 223 completed the patient's satisfaction survey. 260 of the surgeries were non-oncolog cases (78.6%) compared to 71 oncology cases (21.4%). With respect to the surgical outcomes, 12% of the patients required admission to the ICU, and 10.9% developed postoperative complications, most of which were infectious complications. Only 1.8% (6 patients) were re-admitted to the hospital. Three patients died within 30 days post-op (0.9%), all had emergency surgery. Regarding patient satisfaction, 77.6% and 93% of the patients reported that nurses and doctors, respectively, treated them with courtesy and respect, listened to them carefully, and provided clear explanations to them. 90.3% were satisfied with the hospital sanitary measures. 64.1% stated that they got written instructions at the time of discharge.
Privacy in Crisis: Privacy Guidelines for the Design of Contact Tracing Technologies	Birnhack,  MichaelD,  zar, et al	SSRN- Lancet prepublication	Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique	This Report examines the privacy aspects of Contact Tracing Technologies (CTT) in the context of pandemics. The premise is that CTT can assist in identifying contacts, in order to curtail the spread of the disease. CTT has some privacy risks. Accordingly, in designing CTTs, developers should apply a Privacy by Design approach, which has better chances in the public sector than in the private sector. The analysis turns to Israel as a case study. In order to figure the privacy aspects of CTTs, the Report first points to the kinds of personal data involved: health data, location data, and data about inter-personal interactions. The design should begin with identifying the different players involved and their interests, duties, and rights.
Spread of SARS-CoV-2 through Latin America and the Caribbean region: A look from its economic conditions, climate and air pollution indicators	Bolaño-Ortiz,  TR,  Camargo-Caicedo, et al	Environmental research	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie	We have evaluated the spread of SARS-CoV-2 through Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region by means of a correlation between climate and air pollution indicators, namely, average temperature, minimum temperature, maximum temperature, rainfall, average relative humidity, wind speed, and air pollution indicators PM10, PM2.5, and NO2 with the COVID-19 daily new cases and deaths. The study focuses in the following LAC cities: Mexico City (Mexico), Santo Domingo (Dominican Republic), San Juan (Puerto Rico), Bogotá (Colombia), Guayaquil (Ecuador), Manaus (Brazil), Lima (Perú), Santiago (Chile), São Paulo (Brazil) and Buenos Aires (Argentina). The results show that average temperature, minimum temperature, and air quality were significantly associated with the spread of COVID-19 in LAC. Additionally, humidity, wind speed and rainfall showed a significant relationship with daily cases, total cases and mortality for various cities. Income inequality and poverty levels were also considered as a variable for qualitative analysis.
Identifying policy challenges of COVID-19 in hardly reliable data and judging the success of lockdown measures	Bonacini,  L,  Gallo, et al	Journal of Population Economics	Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique	We propose a machine learning procedure to identify structural breaks in the time series of COVID-19 cases. We consider the case of Italy, an early-affected country that was unprepared for the situation, and detect the dates of structural breaks induced by three national lockdowns so as to evaluate their effects and identify some related policy issues. The strong but significantly delayed effect of the first lockdown suggests a relevant announcement effect. In contrast, the last lockdown had significantly less impact. The proposed methodology is robust as a real-time procedure for early detection of the structural breaks: the impact of the first two lockdowns could have been correctly identified just the day after they actually occurred.
Quantitative Assessment of Parenchymal Involvement Using 3D Lung Model in Adolescent With Covid-19 Interstitial Pneumonia	Borro,  L,  Ciliberti, et al	Frontiers in Pediatrics	Clinical data| Données cliniques	We aimed to use 3D lung reconstruction of a young lady affected by Sars-CoV2 infection and interstitial pneumonia, to better visualize, and quantitatively assess the parenchymal involvement. Volumetric Chest CT scan was performed in a 15 years old girl with interstitial lung pneumonia, Sars-CoV2 infection related. 3D modeling of the lungs, with differentiation of healthy and affected parenchymal area were obtained by using multiple software. 3D reconstruction imaging allowed us to quantify the lung parenchyma involved, Self-explaining 3D images, useful for the understanding, and discussion of the clinical case were also obtained.
Face masks for the prevention of COVID-19 - Rationale and design of the randomised controlled trial DANMASK-19	Bundgaard,  H,  Bundgaard, et al	Danish medical journal	RCT	This trial investigates whether the use of face masks in the community will reduce wearers' risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Professional quality of life and mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)	Buselli,  R,  Corsi, et al	International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health	Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	The aim of the present study was to identify the possible impact of working contextual and personal variables (age, gender, working position, years of experience, proximity to infected patients) on professional quality of life, represented by compassion satisfaction (CS), burnout, and secondary traumatization (ST), in HCWs facing COVID-19 emergency. Females showed higher ST than males, while frontline staff and healthcare assistants reported higher CS rather than second-line staff and physicians, respectively. Burnout and ST, besides some work or personal variables, were associated to depressive or anxiety scores.
Epilepsy course during COVID-19 pandemic in three Italian epilepsy centers	Cabona,  C,  Deleo, et al	Epilepsy and Behavior	Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	To address the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on seizure incidence, data collection included the number of consultations for first seizures, relapse seizures, and status epilepticus (SE) in the emergency department of one of the participating centers. Clinical telephone interviews suggest the absence of quarantine effect on epilepsy course in our cohort. No differences in incidence of emergency consultations for seizures over a two-month period were also observed compared with a control period. As demonstrated in other infective outbreaks, good antiepileptic drug (AED) supplying, precise information, and reassurance are the most important factors in chronic conditions to minimize psychological and physical stress, and to avoid unplanned treatment interruptions. ©
Emerging health challenges for children with physical disabilities and their parents during the COVID-19 pandemic: The ECHO French survey	Cacioppo,  M,  Bouvier, et al	Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	Children with disabilities face health risks, especially mental, behavioral, social and physical risks.   France from April 6, 2020.   The children (mean SD] age 9.5 4.8] years) mostly had cerebral palsy (42%) or neuromuscular diseases (11%). The lockdown had negative effects on morale (44% of children), behaviour (55% of children) and social interactions (55% no contact with other children). Overall, 44% of children stopped physical activities; 76% were educated at home; 22% maintained medical follow-up, and 48% and 27% continued physiotherapy and occupational therapy respectively. For more than 60% of children, parents performed the therapy. The main parental concern was rehabilitation (72%) and their main difficulty was the mental load (50%); parents complained of lack of help and support (60%).
Emotional and cognitive responses and behavioral coping of chinese medical workers and general population during the pandemic of covid-19	Cai,  Z,  Zheng, et al	International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	We aimed to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on emotional and cognitive responses and behavioral coping among Chinese residents. Methods: An online investigation was run from February 5 to February 25.  Multivariate regression showed that positive coping enhanced emotional and cognitive responses, while negative coping reduced emotional and cognitive responses. The emotional response (depression, anxiety and photic anxiety) scores of the participants were higher than the norm (all p < 0.001); in particular, the panic scores of members of the general public were higher than those of medical workers (p < 0.05), as well as the cognitive response (paranoia and compulsion). Both positive and negative coping scores of the participants were lower than the norm (p < 0.001), and the general public had higher negative coping than medical workers (p < 0.05).
Two sorts of microthrombi in a COVID-19 patient with lung cancer	Calabrese,  F,  Fortarezza, et al	J Thorac Oncol	Clinical data| Données cliniques	case report: 77-year-old  non-smoker  male  was  admitted  to  the  intensive  care  unit  (ICU)  of  Padova University Hospital for pneumonia with severe respiratory failure. Autospy results presented:  endothelialitis,  as  a  direct  SARS-CoV-2  infection and/or   related   to   host   inflammatory   response,   could   explain   the   systemic   impaired microcirculatory function with the occurrence of small/medium size vessel microthrombi.
Featuring ACE2 binding SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 through a conserved evolutionary pattern of amino acid residues	Carvalho,  PatriciaPD,  Alves, et al	arXiv	Coronavirology| Coronavirologie	Here, we address the hypothesis that SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 strains able to use angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) proteins have adapted their RBM along the viral evolution to explore specific conformational topology driven by the amino acid residues YGF to infect host cells. We also speculate that this YGF-based mechanism can act as a protein signature located at the RBM to distinguish coronaviruses able to use ACE2 as a cell entry receptor.
Use of hydroxychloroquine in hospitalised COVID-19 patients is associated with reduced mortality: Findings from the observational multicentre Italian CORIST study	Castelnuovo,  AD,  Costanzo, et al	European journal of internal medicine	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques Therapeutics| Thérapeutique	Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) was proposed as potential treatment for COVID-19.  In a retrospective observational study, 3,451 unselected patients hospitalized in 33 clinical centers in Italy, from February 19, 2020 to May 23, 2020, with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, were analyzed.  e used multivariable Cox proportional-hazards regression models with inverse probability for treatment weighting by propensity scores, with the addition of subgroup analyses. Results: Out of 3,451 COVID-19 patients, 76.3% received HCQ. Death rates (per 1,000 person-days) for patients receiving or not HCQ were 8.9 and 15.7, respectively. After adjustment for propensity scores, we found 30% lower risk of death in patients receiving HCQ (HR=0.70; 95% CI: 0.59 to 0.84; E-value=1.67). Secondary analyses yielded similar results. The inverse association of HCQ with inpatient mortality was particularly evident in patients having elevated C-reactive protein at entry.
Severity, susceptibility and social norms perceived as antecedents of the intention to be vaccinated against COVID-19	Cavazos-Arroyo,  J,  de Celis-Herrero, et al	Revista de Salud Publica	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	Mexico: intention to get vaccinated study. The results showed that both the perceived severity and susceptibility of contracting COVID-19 had a positive effect on the perceived social norms about the virus. Also, while the perceived severity had a positive effect on the intention to vaccinate, the perceived susceptibility was not significant on the intention to vaccinate against COVID-19.
Impacts of a national lockdown on smallholder farmers’ income and food security: Empirical evidence from two states in India	Ceballos,  F,  Kannan, et al	World Development	Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique Economics | Économie	India (small holder farmers): We analyze data from phone-based surveys on disruptions to agricultural production and food security, administered with 1515 smallholder producers in the states of Haryana and Odisha. We find substantial heterogeneity in how the lockdown affected farmers in these two states, which is likely related to existing structural differences in market infrastructure and to differences in state-specific COVID-related policies.
Severe Acute Kidney Injury in COVID-19 Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome	Chaïbi,  K,  Dao, et al	Am J Respir Crit Care Med	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	We aimed at assessing the incidence and mortality associated with severe AKI (stage 3 of KDIGO classification) in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and ARDS treated with invasive mechanical ventilation. We performed an European multicenter retrospective observational study in 9 ICUs located in 4 University Hospitals (Avicenne Hospital, Louis Mourier Hospital, Bicêtre Hospital in France and Bellvitge Hospital in Spain) from March 01 to March 31, 2020.  Multivariable analysis (Table 2) showed that KDIGO stage 3 AKI was highly associated with day-28 mortality (OR 3.54, 95% CI 1.74 – 7.37).
Factors affecting stability and infectivity of SARS-CoV-2	Chan,  KH,  Sridhar, et al	Journal of Hospital Infection	Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Infection Prevention and Control/ Prévention et contrôle des infections (IPAC/PCI)	SARS-CoV-2 was able to retain viability for 3–5 days in dried form or 7 days in solution at room temperature. SARS-CoV-2 could be detected under a wide range of pH conditions from pH 4 to pH 11 for several days, and for 1–2 days in stool at room temperature but lost 5 logs of infectivity. A variety of commonly used disinfectants and laboratory inactivation procedures were found to reduce viral viability effectively.
Quantitative-analysis of computed tomography in COVID-19 and non COVID-19 ARDS patients: A case-control study	Chauvelot,  L,  Bitker, et al	Journal of critical care	Clinical data| Données cliniques	The aim of this study was to assess whether the computed tomography (CT) features of COVID-19 (COVID+) ARDS differ from those of non-COVID-19 (COVID−) ARDS patients. 22 patients were included, of whom 13 presented with COVID-19 ARDS. Lung weight was significantly higher in COVID− patients, but all COVID+ patients presented supranormal lung weight values. Noninflated lung tissue was significantly higher in COVID− patients (36 ± 14% vs. 26 ± 15% of total lung weight at end-expiration, p < 0.01). Tidal recruitment was significantly higher in COVID− patients (20 ± 12 vs. 9 ± 11% of VT, p < 0.05). Lung density histograms of 5 COVID+ patients with high elastance (type H) were similar to those of COVID− patients, while those of the 8 COVID+ patients with normal elastance (type L) displayed higher aerated lung fraction.
A novel statistic-based corpus machine processing approach to refine a big textual data: An ESP case of COVID-19 news reports	Chen,  LC,  Chang, et al	Applied Sciences (Switzerland)	Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Public Health Priorities| Priorités de santé publique	AI Analysis of  media:  This paper uses COVID-19 news reports as a simulation example of big textual data and applies it to verify the efficacy of the machine optimizing process. The refined resulting data shows that the proposed approach is able to rapidly remove function and meaningless words by machine processing and provide decision-makers with domain-specific corpus data for further purposes.
Status epilepticus and other EEG findings in patients with COVID-19: A case series	Chen,  W,  Toprani, et al	Seizure	Clinical data| Données cliniques	Case reports--> Neurological manifestations of COVID-19 infection include impaired consciousness, strokes, and seizures. : All 5 patients had encephalopathy and 3 also had seizure-like movements, thus prompting EEG monitoring. EEGs all showed nonspecific markers of encephalopathy including diffuse slowing and generalized rhythmic delta activity. Two also had epileptiform discharges reaching 2−3 Hz at times, with one patient in nonconvulsive status epilepticus and the other developing clinical status epilepticus with myoclonic movements. EEG and clinical symptoms improved with anti-seizure medications. Conclusion: Status epilepticus was present in 2 out of our cohort of 5 critically ill patients who underwent EEG monitoring. These findings highlight the importance of EEG monitoring in high-risk patients with COVID-19 and encephalopathy. EEG recordings in such patients can identify pathological patterns that will benefit from treatment with anti-seizure medications.
A drug screening toolkit based on the –1 ribosomal frameshifting of SARS-CoV-2	Chen,  Y,  Tao, et al	Heliyon	Therapeutics| Thérapeutique	The –1 ribosomal frameshifting is vital for the translation of the open reading frame (ORF)1b in SARS-CoV-2. The products of ORF1b participate in viral replication. Therefore, changing the frameshift frequency reduces the survival of the virus. This study aimed to successfully develop a toolkit for screening antiviral drugs. Finally, the FDA-approved drug library was screened, revealing that ivacaftor and (–)-Huperzine A worked well in changing the –1 ribosomal frameshifting of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. © 2020 Biomedical engineering; Microbial biotechnology; Protein engineering; Peptides; Virology; Molecular biology; Drug screen; SARS-Cov-2; -1 ribosomal frameshifting. © 2020
Antigenic properties of sARs-CoV-2/human/RUs/nsk-FRCFtM-1/2020 coronavirus isolate from a patient in novosibirsk	Chepurnov,  AA,  Sharshov, et al	Jurnal Infektologii	Coronavirology| Coronavirologie	In Russian: ARS-CoV-2 coronavirus can be isolated in Vero cell culture. The antigenic specificity of the three structural viral proteins (S, N, and M) is preserved in the purified inactivated viral preparation.  The presence and specificity of viral proteins were detected using COVID-19 convalescent’s sera with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblotting. Results: SARS-CoV-2/human/ RUS/Nsk-FRCFTM-1/2020 isolate was obtained after passage on Vero cells from a virus-containing clinical sample. A purified, concentrated, inactivated, whole-virion antigen was obtained. It contains three structural proteins: glycoprotein S (approximately 200 kDa), nucleoprotein N (48 kDa), and matrix protein M (20-25 kDa). All viral proteins were detected with serum antibodies of COVID-19 convalescents.
Could Deficiencies in South African Data Be the Explanation for Its Early SARS-CoV-2 Peak?	Childs,  SJ	arXiv	Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie	The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic peaked very early in comparison to the thresholds predicted by an analysis of prior lockdown regimes. The most convenient explanation is that some, external factor changed the value of the basic reproduction number, r0; and there certainly are arguments for this. Other factors could, nonetheless, have played a role. This research attempts to reconcile the observed peak with the thresholds predicted by lockdown regimes similar to the one in force at the time. It contemplates the effect of two, different, hypothetical errors in the data: The first is that the true level of infection has been underestimated by a multiplicative factor, while the second is that of an imperceptable, pre-existing, immune fraction of the population. While it is shown that it certainly is possible to manufacture the perception of an early peak as extreme as the one observed, solely by way of these two phenomena, the values need to be fairly high. The phenomena would not, by any measure, be insignificant. It also remains an inescapable fact that the early peak in infections coincided with a fairly profound change in r0; in all the contemplated scenarios of data-deficiency.
Adverse Initial CT Findings Associated with Poor Prognosis of Coronavirus Disease	Chon,  Y,  Kim, et al	J Korean Med Sci	Clinical data| Données cliniques	herefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the adverse initial CT features to predict poor prognosis in COVID-19. Among the 281 patients, 36 (12.8%) patients were in the severe group and 245 (87.2%) patients were in the non-severe group. Critical events occurred in 10 patients (3.6%). In the severe group, patients showed significantly more pneumonia with consolidation, crazy-paving appearance, pleural effusion, and higher CT scores than those in the non-severe group (all, P 5 (OR, 3.70; 95% CI, 1.44-9.53; P = 0.007), old age (> 77 years, OR, 9.96; 95% CI, 3.78-26.28; P 5 (OR, 7.29; 95% CI, 1.37-38.68; P = 0.020), pleural effusion (OR, 5.67; 95% CI, 1.04-30.8; P = 0.045) and old age (OR, 8.6; 95% CI, 1.80-41.0; P = 0.007) were also significant predictors of critical events.
Scaffold morphing of arbidol (umifenovir) in search of multi-targeting therapy halting the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 with ACE2 and other proteases involved in COVID-19	Choudhary,  S,  Silakari, et al	Virus Res	Therapeutics| Thérapeutique	The rapid emergence of a novel coronavirus, SARS-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), originated from Wuhan, China, imposed a global health emergency. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor serves as an entry point for this deadly virus while the proteases like furin, transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) and 3 chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro) are involved in the further processing and replication of SARS-CoV-2. The interaction of SP with ACE2 and these proteases results in the SARS-CoV-2 invasion and fast epidemic spread. The small molecular inhibitors are reported to limit the interaction of SP with ACE2 and other proteases. Arbidol, a membrane fusion inhibitor approved for influenza virus is currently undergoing clinical trials against COVID-19. In this context, we report some analogues of arbidol designed by scaffold morphing and structure-based designing approaches with a superior therapeutic profile. The representative compounds A_BR4, A_BR9, A_BR18, A_BR22 and A_BR28 restricted the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 SP with ACE2 and host proteases furin and TMPRSS2. For 3CLPro, Compounds A_BR5, A_BR6, A_BR9 and A_BR18 exhibited high binding affinity, docking score and key residue interactions. Overall, A_BR18 and A_BR28 demonstrated multi-targeting potential against all the targets. Among these top-scoring molecules A_BR9, A_BR18, A_BR22 and A_BR28 were predicted to confer favorable ADME properties.
High Thrombus Burden in Patients With COVID-19 Presenting With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction	Choudry,  FA,  Hamshere, et al	Journal of the American College of Cardiology	Clinical data| Données cliniques	The aim of this study was to describe the demographic, angiographic, and procedural characteristics alongside clinical outcomes of consecutive cases of COVID-19–positive patients with STEMI compared with COVID-19–negative patients.  Patients with STEMI presenting with concurrent COVID-19 infection had higher levels of troponin T and lower lymphocyte count, but elevated D-dimer and C-reactive protein. There were significantly higher rates of multivessel thrombosis, stent thrombosis, higher modified thrombus grade post first device with consequently higher use of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors and thrombus aspiration. Myocardial blush grade and left ventricular function were significantly lower in patients with COVID-19 with STEMI. Higher doses of heparin to achieve therapeutic activated clotting times were also noted. Importantly, patients with STEMI presenting with COVID-19 infection had a longer in-patient admission and higher rates of intensive care admission. Conclusions: In patients presenting with STEMI and concurrent COVID-19 infection, there is a strong signal toward higher thrombus burden and poorer outcomes.
Prediction and analysis of SARS-CoV-2-targeting microrna in human lung epithelium	Chow,  JTS,  Salmena, et al	Genes	Clinical data| Données cliniques Coronavirology| Coronavirologie	The purpose of this study was to identify microRNA with predicted binding sites in the SARS-CoV-2 genome, compare these to their microRNA expression profiles in lung epithelial tissue and make inference towards possible roles for microRNA in mitigating coronavirus infection. We hypothesize that high expression of specific coronavirus-targeting microRNA in lung epithelia may protect against infection and viral propagation, conversely, low expression may confer susceptibility to infection. We have identified 128 human microRNA with potential to target the SARS-CoV-2 genome, most of which have very low expression in lung epithelia. Six of these 128 microRNA are differentially expressed upon in vitro infection of SARS-CoV-2. Additionally, 28 microRNA also target the SARS-CoV genome while 23 microRNA target the MERS-CoV genome. We also found that a number of microRNA are commonly identified in two other studies.
Telemedicine and Healthcare Disparities: A cohort study in a large healthcare system in New York City during COVID-19	Chunara,  R,  Zhao, et al	J Am Med Inform Assoc	Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	Assess disparities in those who access healthcare via telemedicine for COVID-19. Controlling for individual and community-level attributes, Black patients had 0.6 times the adjusted odds (95% CI:0.58-0.63) of accessing care through telemedicine compared to white patients, though they are increasingly accessing telemedicine for urgent care, driven by a younger and female population. COVID diagnoses were significantly more likely for Black versus white telemedicine patients.
Mental health among head and neck surgeons in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic: A national study	Civantos,  AM,  Bertelli, et al	American Journal of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Medicine and Surgery	Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	Head and neck surgeons in Brazil reported symptoms of burnout, anxiety, distress and depression during our study period within the COVID-19 pandemic. Institutions should monitor these symptoms throughout the pandemic. Further study is required to assess the long-term implications for physician wellness.
Modulators of the Personal and Professional Threat Perception of Olympic Athletes in the Actual COVID-19 Crisis	Clemente-Suárez,  VJ,  Fuentes-García, et al	Frontiers in Psychology	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	The aim of the present research was to analyze the effect of psychological profile, academic schedule, and gender in the perception of personal and professional threat of Olympic and Paralympic athletes facing the 2021 Tokyo Olympiad in the actual COVID-19 crisis. We analyzed in 136 Olympic (26.4 ± 6.2 years) and 39 Paralympic athletes (31.8 ± 9.3 years) academic and sport variables, individual perceptions about COVID-19 crisis, personality, loneliness, psychological inflexibility, and anxiety. Paralympic athletes perceived higher negative impact in their training and performance by the confinement than Olympic athletes (+24.18, p < 0.005, r = 0.60). Neuroticism and psychological inflexibility presented the greatest negative feelings for female athletes (+32.59, p < 0.000, r = 0.13) and the perception that quarantine would negatively affect their sports performance. Finally professional athletes showed lower values in personality tests (Agreeableness factor) about COVID-19 crisis than non-professionals (−40.62, p < 0.012, r = 0.88).
Bringing into focus treatment limitation and DNACPR decisions: How COVID-19 has changed practice	Coleman,  JJ,  Botkai, et al	Resuscitation	Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	COVID-19 pandemic has introduced further challenges into Do Not Attempt Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (DNACPR) decisions.  Data from all DNACPR/TEAL status forms between 1st January 2017 and 30th April 2020 were collected and analysed. We compared patterns of decision making and rates of form completion during the 2-month peak pandemic phase to an analogous period during 2019. Several questions on the DNACPR/TEAL forms were answered significantly differently with increases in patients being identified as suitable for CPR (23.8% versus 9.05%; p < 0.001) and full active treatment (30.5% versus 26.1%; p = 0.028). Whilst proportions of discussions that involved the patient remained similar during COVID-19 (95.8% versus 95.6%; p = 0.871), fewer discussions took place with relatives (50.6% versus 75.4%; p < 0.001). Conclusion: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the emphasis on senior decision making and conversations around ceilings of treatment appears to have changed practice, with a higher proportion of patients having DNACPR/TEAL status documented. Understanding patient preferences around life-sustaining treatment versus comfort care is part of holistic practice and supports shared decision making.
Sars-cov.2/covid-19 in Colombia: Tendencies, predictions, and tensions about health system	Correa-Cuadros,  J,  Muñoz-Rodríguez, et al	Revista de Salud Publica	Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie	Objective To analyze the temporal progress in the early stage of COVID-19 in Colombia using the SIRD model. Methods We analyzed the temporal progress of COVID-19 based on the number of infected persons between March 6th and April 15th, 2020. The SIRD model was imple-mented with variation in the rate of transmission (b) in three ways: a. Quarantine until July 11, b. Flexible quarantine1 b=4%], c. Flexible quarantine2 b=8%]. Consecutively, we aimed to predict the number of total cases and 5% of infected persons in ICU to match them with the hospital beds and ICU staff. Results The results show that the number of COVID-19 cases will increase from 54 105 to 116 081 approximately, if the quarantine is lifted on May 11. If the infection rate increase, more hospital beds and a bigger ICU staff will be mandatory. The currently 2 650 beds won’t be enough in the flexible quarantine2, and five intensive care specialist and four nurses per patient will be needed. Conclusion Measures like mandatory social distancing help delay the saturation of the health care system. However, it’s impracticable to maintain them due to a possible economic crisis. Therefore, it’s necessary to take action to enhance the ability of the health care system to avoid a collapse. © 2020, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. All rights reserved.
The challenge of diabetes home control in COVID-19 times: Proof is in the pudding	Cotovad-Bellas,  L,  Tejera-Pérez, et al	Diabetes research and clinical practice	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	SARS-CoV-2 pandemic had changed self-care in diabetes. The aim of this work is to analyze the effect of lockdown on glycemic control in people with type 1 diabetes on multiple daily insulin injections using FGM. During lockdown no deleterious effect on glycemic control measured by FGM. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.
Neighbourhood inequity: Exploring the factors underlying racial and ethnic disparities in COVID-19 testing and infection rates using ZIP code data in Chicago and New York	Credit,  K	Regional Science Policy and Practice	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie	ZIP code-level data on observed COVID-19 testing and case rates for the City of Chicago and New York City to better understand both: (i) the extent to which racial and ethnic disparities in COVID-19 testing and case rates exist at the neighbourhood level; and (ii) the most important neighbourhood-level drivers of these observed disparities.  White-majority neighbourhoods have significantly higher testing rates and lower observed infection rates. Given this observed disparity, the paper also examines a range of underlying factors that are potentially driving observed neighbourhood-level COVID-19 case rates. The findings suggest that higher socio-economic status and the provision of healthy, active built environments are significantly negatively associated with COVID-19 infection rates, while several aspects of social vulnerability are significant positive predictors of COVID-19 infection rates. These findings suggest that the health benefits from higher density, walkable built environments may play a larger “protective” role from observed COVID-19 case rates at the neighbourhood-level than previously assumed, while at the same time indicating that the increased prevalence of COVID-19 in Hispanic- and Black-majority neighbourhoods may be in part due to their greater risk of occupational exposure and multi-generational household structure (particularly for Hispanic-majority neighbourhoods).
The dispersion of spherical droplets in source-sink flows and their relevance to the COVID-19 pandemic	Cummins,  CP,  Ajayi, et al	Physics of Fluids	Infection Prevention and Control/ Prévention et contrôle des infections (IPAC/PCI)	dynamics of spherical droplets in the presence of a source-sink pair flow field.  we show that in conditions of regular human respiration, the intermediate-sized droplets range in size from a few μm to a few hundred μm. These droplets have a very short range could have important implications for the interpretation of existing data on droplet dispersion.
Characteristics and Management of Children With COVID-19 in Turkey	Cura Yayla,  BC,  Ozsurekci, et al	Balkan Med J	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	Limited data with regard to disease management strategies is available for paediatric patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), particularly in Turkey March 11, and June 23, 2020. We evaluated 220 paediatric patients with COVID-19, of which 48.2% were male, with a median age of 10 years, and 9.5% had underlying diseases. Patients were classified according to severity, with the percentages of asymptomatic, mild, moderate, and critical/severe cases determined to be 25.5%, 45%, 26.8%, and 2.7%, respectively. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was required for 2 patients (0.9%) and mechanic ventilation was required for 3 patients (1.4%). Targeted therapies were used in 6 patients (2.7%), with hydroxychloroquine being the most commonly used agent either alone (1 patient) or in combination with favipiravir (5 patients). Two patients (0.9%) had died and 9 (4.1%) were still hospitalized during the study period.
Lipid droplets fuel SARS-CoV-2 replication and production of inflammatory mediators	da Silva Gomes Dias,  Suelen,  Soares, et al	bioRxiv	Clinical data| Données cliniques Coronavirology| Coronavirologie	Lipid droplets (LD) are organelles with major functions in lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis, and have multiple roles in infections and inflammation. Here we described that monocytes from COVID-19 patients have an increased LD accumulation compared to SARS-CoV-2 negative donors. In vitro, SARS-CoV-2 infection modulates pathways of lipid synthesis and uptake, including CD36, SREBP-1, PPARγ and DGAT-1 in monocytes and triggered LD formation in different human cells. LDs were found in close apposition with SARS-CoV-2 proteins and double-stranded (ds)-RNA in infected cells. Pharmacological modulation of LD formation by inhibition of DGAT-1 with A922500 significantly inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication as well as reduced production of pro-inflammatory mediators. Taken together, we demonstrate the essential role of lipid metabolic reprograming and LD formation in SARS-CoV-2 replication and pathogenesis, opening new opportunities for therapeutic strategies to COVID-19.
STEMI and COVID-19 Pandemic in Saudi Arabia	Daoulah,  A,  Hersi, et al	Current problems in cardiology	Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	All acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) cases were retrospectively identified from 16 centers in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 period from January 01 to April 30, 2020. These cases were compared to a pre-COVID period from January 01 to April 30, 2018 and 2019. One thousand seven hundred and eighty-five patients with a mean age 56.3 (SD ± 12.4) years, 88.3% were male. During COVID-19 Pandemic the total STEMI volumes was reduced (28%, n = 500), STEMI volumes for those treated with reperfusion therapy was reduced too (27.6%, n= 450). Door to balloon time < 90 minutes was achieved in (73.1%, no = 307) during 2020. Timing from the onset of symptoms to the balloon of more than 12 hours was higher during 2020 comparing to pre-COVID 19 years (17.2% vs <3%, respectively). There were no differences between the AC and PC period with respect to in-hospital events and the length of hospital stay. There was a reduction in the STEMI volumes during 2020.
The Epidemiological and Spatiotemporal Characteristics of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) in Libya	Daw,  MohamedA,  El-Bouzedi, et al	Research Square prepub	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie	This comprehensive study included all the confirmed cases of COVID-19 since its emergence in Libya, from early April 2020 until July 31. A total of 3695 of confirmed cases of OVID-19 were collected,; 2515 (68.1%) were males , and 1180 (31.9%) were females with a male-to-female (M:F) ratio of 2.1:1. Aged between 2 -and 78 years old. Older age patients infected with COVID-19 are at higher severity and mortality. A broad geographic variability and spatiotemporal spread variation of the COVID-19 pandemic in Libya was observed. Indicating. This indicates a more significant increase ofin COVID-19 from the middle of July, particularly in the West and Southern regions, although it was consistently observed in the Meddle and Southern regions.
Handling the COVID-19 crisis: Toward an agile model-based systems approach	de Weck,  O,  Krob, et al	Systems Engineering	Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie	We model the crisis theoretically as a feedback control problem with delay, and partial controllability and observability. Using a quantitative model of the human population allows us to test different assumptions such as detection threshold, delay to take action, fraction of the population infected, effectiveness and length of confinement strategies, and impact of earlier lifting of social distancing restrictions. Each conceptual scenario is subject to 1000+ Monte-Carlo simulations and yields both expected and surprising results. For example, we demonstrate through computational experiments that maintaining strict confinement policies for longer than 60 days may indeed be able to suppress lethality below 1% and yield the best health outcomes, but cause economic damages due to lost work that could turn out to be counterproductive in the long term.
"Get Connected": Integrating Telehealth Triage in a Prelicensure Clinical Simulation	DeFoor,  M,  Darby, et al	J Nurs Educ	Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	BACKGROUND: The integration of telehealth simulation experiences enables nursing students to effectively care for postnatal clients through interactive video technologies. METHOD: Faculty created a telehealth postnatal triage simulation in response to a need for client interaction due to COVID-19 social isolation restrictions. RESULTS: Telehealth triage is an inexpensive, engaging teaching strategy and formative assessment method that can be easily created with existing resources and implemented in a postnatal simulation experience. CONCLUSION: Faculty concluded that this telehealth simulation experience is valuable in meeting student clinical learning outcomes and its continued use after social restrictions are removed is recommended. In the future, effectiveness of the simulation experience should be studied and measured along with incorporation of inter-and intraprofessional collaboration activities. J Nurs Educ. 2020;59(9):518-521.].
The interplay between mothers' and children behavioral and psychological factors during COVID-19: an Italian study	Di Giorgio,  E,  Di Riso, et al	Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	The present study investigated how these restrictive measures impacted mothers and their pre-school children's behavioral habits (i.e., sleep timing and quality, subjective time experience) and psychological well-being (i.e., emotion regulation, self-regulation capacity). An online survey was administered to 245 mothers with pre-school children (from 2 to 5 years). A general worsening of sleep quality and distortion of time experience in both mothers and children, as well as increasing emotional symptoms and self-regulation difficulties in children, was observed. Moreover, even when the interplay between the behavioral and psychological factors was investigated, the factor that seems to mostly impact both mothers' and children's psychological well-being was their sleep quality.
Symptom Profiles and Risk Factors for Hospitalization in Patients With SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: A Large Cohort From South America	Díaz,  LA,  García-Salum, et al	Gastroenterology	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	We used information available from the Chilean Ministry of Health. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed by a quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction from nasopharyngeal swab (NPS). We analyzed a convenience cohort (2 hospitals, Faculty-of-Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile/FM-PUC) of SARS-CoV-2–infected patients, including their sociodemographic and clinical data, and biological samples (nasopharyngeal swab, sputum, and stools), which were collected for quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analyses, and used the cycle threshold (CT) as a surrogate marker of viral load.  In conclusion, the presence of diarrhea was associated with a higher risk of hospitalization in Chilean patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2. The frequency of GI manifestations in our population is similar to previous reports. Fifty percent of patients have detectable SARS-CoV-2 RNA in stools. The fecal-oral route might be an underestimated mechanism of transmission. Preventive measures focused on this pathway could potentially decrease transmission.
Characteristics of CoVID-19 in children: The first experience in the hospital of st. Petersburg	Dondurey,  EA,  Isankina, et al	Jurnal Infektologii	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	Objective: to identify the clinical, laboratory and epidemiological features of the new coronavirus (CV) infection in the provision of specialized medical care to children in the megalopolis of the Russian Federation. Methods: 674 cases of hospitalization of patients from birth to 17 years old inclusive with confirmed COVID-19 in the period from March 26 to June 26, 2020 in a children’s multidisciplinary hospital in St. Petersburg. Diagnostics of SARS-COV-2 in upper respiratory tract (URT) smears was carried out by PCR (a set of reagents for detecting RNA of coronavirus 2019-nCoV by PCR with hybridization-fluorescence detection “Vector-PCRRV-2019-nCoV-RG”).  A distinctive feature of the new infection was mild clinical symptoms with fever and catarrhal symptoms up to 4/5 of cases, gastrointestinal symptoms - in every third patient. There were no significant differences in the severity of the disease by age.
Stability Indicating LC Method Development for Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate Impurities as Available for Treatment of COVID-19 and Evaluation of Risk Assessment Prior to Method Validation by Quality by Design Approach	Dongala,  T,  Katari, et al	Chromatographia	Therapeutics| Thérapeutique	A highly sensitive and stability indicating RP-HPLC method was developed and evaluated the risk assessment prior to method validation. The chromatographic separation was achieved with X-terra phenyl column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) using phosphate buffer (0.3 M and pH 2.5). The gradient method flow rate was 1.5 mL min−1 and UV detection was made at 220 nm. The calibration curve of hydroxychloroquine sulfate and related impurities were linear from LOQ to 150% and correlation coefficient was found more than 0.999. The precision and intermediate precision % RSD values were found less than 2.0. In all forced degradation conditions, the purity angle of HCQ was found less than purity threshold. The optimized method found to be specific, accurate, rugged, and robust for determination of hydroxychloroquine sulfate impurities in the solid oral dosage forms. Finally, the method was applied successfully in quality control lab for stability analysis.
Prevalence and outcomes of re-positive nucleic acid tests in discharged COVID-19 patients	Du,  HW,  Chen, et al	Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	The prevalence and outcomes of patients who had re-activation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) after discharge remain poorly understood. We included 126 consecutively confirmed cases of COVID-19 with 2-month follow-up data after discharge in this retrospective study. The upper respiratory specimen using a reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction test of three patients (71 years 60-76]) were positive within 11-20 days after their discharge, with an event rate of 19.8 (95%CI 2.60-42.1) per 1,000,000 patient-days. Moreover, all re-positive patients were asymptomatic. Our findings suggest that few recovered patients may still be virus carriers even after reaching the discharge criteria.
Using the COVID-19 to influenza ratio to estimate early pandemic spread in Wuhan, China and Seattle, US	Du,  Z,  Javan, et al	EClinicalMedicine	Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie	Methods: For each city, we estimate the ratio of COVID-19 to influenza infections from the retrospective testing data and estimate the age-specific prevalence of influenza from surveillance reports during the same time period. Combining these, we approximate the total number of symptomatic COVID-19 infections. Findings: In Wuhan, there were an estimated 1386 95% CrI: 420-3793] symptomatic cases over 30 of COVID-19 between December 30, 2019 and January 12, 2020. In Seattle, we estimate that 2268 95% CrI: 498, 6069] children under 18 and 4367 95% CrI: 2776, 6526] adults were symptomatically infected between February 24 and March 9, 2020. We also find that the initial pandemic wave in Wuhan likely originated with a single infected case who developed symptoms sometime between October 26 and December 13, 2019; in Seattle, the seeding likely occurred between December 25, 2019 and January 15, 2020.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in the general Chinese population: Changes, predictors and psychosocial correlates	Duan,  H,  Yan, et al	Psychiatry research	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	This study was implemented at two timepoints, i.e., during the peak and the remission of the COVID-19 pandemic. 3233 Chinese individuals participated in the first wave, and among them 1390 participants were followed in a second wave. The result showed that fear significantly decreased over time, while depression level significantly increased during the second wave compared to the first wave of the survey. Younger age, lower-income, increased level of perceived stress, and current quarantine experience were significant predictors of depression escalation. Younger people and individuals who had a higher initial stress response tended to show more hostility. Furthermore, the use of negative coping strategy plays a potential intermediating role in the stress-related increase in hostility, while social support acts as a buffer in hostility in the general population under high stress. As the whole world is facing the same pandemic, this research provides several implications for public mental health intervention.
COVID-XNet: A custom deep learning system to diagnose and locate COVID-19 in chest x-ray images	Duran-Lopez,  L,  Dominguez-Morales, et al	Applied Sciences (Switzerland)	Clinical data| Données cliniques Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes	In this work, a novel Deep Learning-based system, called COVID-XNet, is presented for COVID-19 diagnosis in chest X-ray images. The proposed system performs a set of preprocessing algorithms to the input images for variability reduction and contrast enhancement, which are then fed to a custom Convolutional Neural Network in order to extract relevant features and perform the classification between COVID-19 and normal cases. The system is trained and validated using a 5-fold cross-validation scheme, achieving an average accuracy of 94.43% and an AUC of 0.988. The output of the system can be visualized using Class Activation Maps, highlighting the main findings for COVID-19 in X-ray images. These promising results indicate that COVID-XNet could be used as a tool to aid radiologists and contribute to the fight against COVID-19.
COVID-19 and oil market crash: Revisiting the safe haven property of gold and Bitcoin	Dutta,  A,  Das, et al	Resources Policy	Economics | Économie	This paper empirically investigates the time-varying correlations between gold and oil markets to examine whether gold is a safe haven asset for the international crude oil markets during the COVID-19 period. For the purpose of comparison, the safe haven property of Bitcoin is tested as well. The results of the time-varying correlations obtained through the DCC-GARCH model suggest that gold is a safe haven asset for global crude oil markets. Bitcoin, on the other hand, acts only as a diversifier for crude oil. The results further show that the portfolio risk is minimized when investors include oil and gold in their portfolio rather than holding assets in oil and Bitcoin markets. Given that financial downturn, terrorist attacks, pandemics and similar global events often play a crucial role in portfolio risk analysis, our results could be of interest to those who invest in oil, gold and Bitcoin markets.
Mobility and sales activity during the Corona crisis: daily indicators for Switzerland	Eckert,  F,  Mikosch, et al	Swiss Journal of Economics and Statistics	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique Economics | Économie	This paper documents daily compound indicators on physical mobility and sales activity in Switzerland during the Corona crisis. We report several insights from these indicators: The Swiss population substantially reduced its activities already before the shops closed and before the authorities introduced containment policies in mid-March 2020. Activity started to gradually recover from the beginning of April onwards, again substantially before the first phase of the shutdown easing started at the end of April. Low physical mobility during the second half of March and during April likely contributed to the quick fall in new COVID-19 infections since mid-March. The sharp drop in economic activity in consumer-related services during March and April and the gradual recovery in these sectors since May correlate strongly with the reduction and subsequent gradual resurgence of mobility. In addition, while activity within Switzerland was back to normal levels by late June, activity of Swiss residents outside of Switzerland was still below normal. © 2020, The Author(s).
Acute pancreatitis and nosocomial COVID-19: Cause specific host responses may determine lung injury	Elhence,  A,  Mahapatra, et al	Pancreatology	Clinical data| Données cliniques	We hereby, present 3 cases with severe acute pancreatitis with persistent respiratory failure who acquired nosocomial COVID-19 during their hospital stay after recovery from respiratory failure.
A Novel Approach to Fiberoptic Intubation in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019	Emery,  AR,  Saniukovich, et al	Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery	Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	Purpose: In an effort to protect health care workers at the beginning and end of oral and maxillofacial surgeries, we describe a negative-pressure intubation hood (NPIH) designed to reduce the risk aerosol exposure from fiberoptic intubation (FOI) and extubation. This design is especially important during the Coronavirus disease 2019 era, as it provides greater protection from Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 during FOI and extubation, which are some of the most high-risk, aerosol generating procedures of oral and maxillofacial surgery cases. Materials and Methods: This article describes the step-by-step process of assembling a NPIH for FOI using various supplies found commonly in hospitals and surrounding community retail stores, which include transparent medical dressings, equipment covers, intravenous pole clips, polyvinylchloride pipes and adaptors, copper pipe, and a Buffalo smoke evacuator. We then discuss how to create access ports for the anesthesiologist to insert their arms and FOI instrumentation and provide a demonstration of us using the hood with a manikin on an operating room table. Results: This study successfully demonstrates a novel technique for performing FOI in a NIPH assembled from basic supplies found commonly among hospital and community retail stores. Conclusions: This NIPH for FOI is easily made and adaptable to operating room tables, and provides protection against aerosols generated from FOI and subsequent extubation during oral and maxillofacial surgeries. © 2020 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
Modifications to mobile chest radiography technique during the COVID-19 pandemic – implications of X-raying through side room windows	England,  A,  Littler, et al	Radiography	Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact on image quality and exposure factors when undertaking such examinations. Methods: A phantom based study was undertaken using a digital X-ray room. Control acquisitions, using a commercially available image quality test tool, were performed using standard mobile chest radiography acquisition factors. Image quality (physical and visual), incidence surface air kerma (ISAK), Exposure Index (EI) and Deviation Index (DI) were recorded. Image quality and radiation dose were further assessed for two additional (experimental) scenarios, where a side room window was located immediately adjacent to the exit port of the light beam diaphragm. The goal of experimental scenario one was to modify exposure factors to maintain the control ISAK. The goal of experimental scenario two was to modify exposure factors to maintain the control EI and DI. Conclusion: Undertaking mobile X-ray examinations through side room windows is potentially feasible but does require an increase in tube output and is likely to be limited by minor reductions in image quality.
Mental health of French students during the Covid-19 pandemic	Essadek,  A,  Rabeyron, et al	Journal of affective disorders	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	This study evaluates the impact of Covid-19 on the mental health of 8004 French students in the East part of France, which has been the first and hardest hit region by the Covid-19 pandemic. This is, to our knowledge, the largest study conducted on mental health of students during the pandemic. Our results show that students suffer from particularly high level of anxiety, depression and distress. A significant proportion of students might require psychological support, especially because the high distress scores suggest that the epidemic and confinement have favored the emergence of post-traumatic stress symptoms. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd
Acute arterial thromboembolism in patients with COVID-19 in the New York City area	Etkin,  Y,  Conway, et al	Ann Vasc Surg	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	METHODS: Patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection between March 1, 2020 and May 15, 2020 with an acute arterial thromboembolic event were reviewed. Data collected included demographics, anatomical location of the thromboembolism, treatments, and outcomes.  RESULTS: The most common preexisting conditions were hypertension (53%) and diabetes (35%).  The distribution of thromboembolic events included upper 7 (14%) and lower 35 (71%) extremity ischemia, bowel ischemia 2 (4%), and cerebral ischemia 5 (10%). Six patients (12%) had thrombus in multiple locations. Concomitant deep vein thrombosis was found in 8 patients (16%). Twenty-two (45%) patients presented with signs of acute arterial ischemia and were subsequently diagnosed with COVID-19. The remaining 27 (55%) developed ischemia during hospitalization.
The impact of COVID-19 on small business owners: Evidence from the first 3 months after widespread social-distancing restrictions	Fairlie,  R	Journal of Economics and Management Strategy	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique Economics | Économie	This paper provides the first analysis of impacts of the pandemic on the number of active small businesses in the United States using nationally representative data from the April 2020 Current Population Survey—the first month fully capturing early effects. The number of active business owners in the United States plummeted by 3.3 million or 22% over the crucial 2-month window from February to April 2020. The drop in active business owners was the largest on record, and losses to business activity were felt across nearly all industries. African-American businesses were hit especially hard experiencing a 41% drop in business activity. Latinx business owner activity fell by 32%, and Asian business owner activity dropped by 26%. Simulations indicate that industry compositions partly placed these groups at a higher risk of business activity losses. Immigrant business owners experienced substantial losses in business activity of 36%. Female business owners were also disproportionately affected (25% drop in business activity). Continuing the analysis in May and June, the number of active business owners remained low—down by 15% and 8%, respectively. The continued losses in May and June, and partial rebounds from April were felt across all demographic groups and most industries. These findings of early-stage losses to small business activity have important implications for policy, income losses, and future economic inequality.
Clinical implications of different specimen types for nucleic acid testing in two cases of COVID-19	Fan,  H,  Yu, et al	Journal of International Medical Research	Clinical data| Données cliniques	This article reports in detail the diagnosis and treatment process for two patients with confirmed COVID-19 and analyzes the results of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid tests that were used for different types of specimens (sputum from deep cough, nasopharyngeal swab, and feces).
Comparative analysis of tocilizumab in severe COVID-19-associated pneumonia in patients of different age groups	Fomina,  DS,  Poteshkina, et al	Pulmonologiya	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques Therapeutics| Thérapeutique	The study presents the results of the analysis of the effectiveness of tocilizumab therapy (TCZ) in patients (n = 181) of different age groups with developed pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of TCZ therapy in patients of different age groups with developed pneumonia in the frame of COVID-19. Methods. Patients (n = 181) with community-acquired pneumonia caused by coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 are included in a one-center, non-randomized, prospective study to evaluate the effectiveness of TCZ therapy conducted at the State Public Health Institution "City Clinical Hospital No.52" of the Moscow City Health Department. Patients were divided into 3 age subgroups - up to 50 years, 50-70 years and over 70 years. Results. There are no significant differences between age groups in the severity of pneumonia according to the data of the computed tomography (CT), however, a more severe condition and a higher mortality rate (p < 0.001) were reliably observed in patients over 70 age compared to the other age groups. After TCZ treatment in patients of each age group, the severity of the condition assessed on the National Early Warning Score (NEWS2) has been significantly reduced compared to the baseline.
Association Between Youth Smoking, Electronic Cigarette Use, and Coronavirus Disease 2019	Gaiha,  SM,  Cheng, et al	Journal of Adolescent Health	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	Purpose: This study aimed to assess whether youth cigarette and electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use are associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptoms, testing, and diagnosis. Methods: An online national survey of adolescents and young adults (n = 4,351) aged 13–24 years was conducted in May 2020. Multivariable logistic regression assessed relationships among COVID-19–related symptoms, testing, and diagnosis and cigarettes only, e-cigarettes only and dual use, sociodemographic factors, obesity, and complying with shelter-in-place. Results: COVID-19 diagnosis was five times more likely among ever-users of e-cigarettes only (95% confidence interval CI]: 1.82–13.96), seven times more likely among ever-dual-users (95% CI: 1.98–24.55), and 6.8 times more likely among past 30-day dual-users (95% CI: 2.40–19.55). Testing was nine times more likely among past 30-day dual-users (95% CI: 5.43–15.47) and 2.6 times more likely among past 30-day e-cigarette only users (95% CI: 1.33–4.87). Symptoms were 4.7 times more likely among past 30-day dual-users (95% CI: 3.07–7.16). Conclusions: COVID-19 is associated with youth use of e-cigarettes only and dual use of e-cigarettes and cigarettes, suggesting the need for screening and education.
Have Private Equity Owned Nursing Homes Fared Worse Under COVID-19?	Gandhi,  Ashvin,  Song, et al	SSRN- Lancet prepublication	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Infection Prevention and Control/ Prévention et contrôle des infections (IPAC/PCI) Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	This study evaluates how PE acquisitions impacted the readiness and outcomes of nursing facilities during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. We relate PE ownership to COVID-19 cases, deaths, and personal protective equipment (PPE) shortages, controlling for facility characteristics, resident composition, local characteristics, and the severity of COVID-19 outbreak near the facility. PE ownership was associated with a mean decrease in the probability of confirmed resident cases by 7.1 percentage points ("pp") (p<0.01) and confirmed staff cases by 5.4 pp (p=0.01). PE was also associated with decreased probability of PPE shortages—including N95s (6.4 pp; p<0.01), surgical masks (7.6 pp; p<0.01), eyewear (4.8 pp; p<0.01), gowns (7.0 pp; p<0.01), gloves (3.3 pp; p=0.02), and hand sanitizer (2.3 pp; p=0.12).
Test Sensitivity for Infection versus Infectiousness of SARS-CoV-2	Gans,  JoshuaS	SSRN- Lancet prepublication	Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie	This paper examines the value of different tests from an information-theoretic approach and shows that applying treatment-based approval standards for tests for infection will lower the value of those tests and likely causes decisions based on them to have too many false positives (i.e., individuals isolated who are not infectious). The conclusion is that test scoring be tailored to the decision being made. If sensitivity standards for test of SARS-CoV-2 infection are used to score tests for  infectiousness, the value of tests in informing an isolation decision is reduced. Insisting on treatment sensitivity requirements leads to more false positives in the isolation decision.
A Comparative Study of Residents' Responses Between the Epicenter and the Surrounding Areas in Hubei Province During the COVID-19 Outbreak	Gao,  H,  Zou, et al	Asia Pac J Public Health	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	This study aims to evaluate individual responses toward the pandemic in areas with different levels of infection severity. A total of 10 424 residents in Hubei participated in the online and telephone surveys. Results showed that various life stress and psychological distress were prevalent due to the pandemic and the massive lockdown. However, residents showed very high appraisal for central government and state media and support for lockdown strategy. Moreover, there were both similarities and differences in responses. People in Wuhan experienced more life difficulties, anxiety, and discrimination and had a lower appraisal for the local government and media than their counterparts. In contrast, perceived economic loss, evaluation of central government, and attitude toward lockdowns were not significantly different among residents at the epicenter and the surroundings.
Case Report: Benign Infantile Seizures Temporally Associated With COVID-19	García-Howard,  M,  Herranz-Aguirre, et al	Frontiers in Pediatrics	Clinical data| Données cliniques	Case report of a 6 month old female with COVID-19 and non-febrile seizures
COVID-19: Effects of lockdown on adenotonsillar hypertrophy and related diseases in children	Gelardi,  M,  Giancaspro, et al	International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology	Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	Background: In response to the coronavirus pandemic 2019 (COVID-19), Italy established the national school closings from March 5, 2020. It has been shown that during school closures, there are significant decreases in the diagnoses of the respiratory infections. This has brought as well to a reduction in all those symptoms related to adenotonsillar hypertrophy. Methods: The study included 162 children, aged between 3 and 13 years, waiting for adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy, eventually combined with tympanocentesis or tube insertion. Parents have been called to answer a telephone interview aimed at detecting how the symptoms related to adenotonsillar hypertrophy were changing during lockdown. Results: There was an improvement in the overall symptomatology of children during the lockdown period. The value attributed by parents to the children's general assessment during the lockdown period decreased significatively during the quarantine (p = 0,0000). Conclusions: The present study demonstrates that lockdown can have a positive impact on those specific diseases derived from precocious socialization and that it results to be particularly effective for the most vulnerable children. Indeed, lockdown has resulted to be so efficient that it has caused a modification in a medical and surgical therapeutic indication. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.
Knowledge and perceptions about COVID-19 among the medical and allied health science students in India: An online cross-sectional survey	Gohel,  KH,  Patel, et al	Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	Background: An infection (COVID-19) without any specific cure makes the people more vulnerable to get affected due to insufficient knowledge and unhealthy practices. In this scenario, healthcare students can act as reliable information providers. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and perception about COVID-19 among medical and allied health science students. Methods: A web-based cross sectional survey was conducted during February and March 2020. A 24-item survey was developed and randomly distributed among the study population. Descriptive statistics was applied to represent participant characteristics and Chi-square test was used to evaluate the level of association among variables with a significance level of p < 0.01. Results: Total, 97.95% (715/730) participants completed the survey. High proportion of students were from pharmacy (45.73%) followed by medical (22.52%), physiotherapy, nursing and dental background. Majority of participants were having adequate knowledge while about 18% had partial knowledge about the symptoms of severe COVID-19 cases. Students have shown a positive perception of COVID-19 prevention and control while few invalid responses related to the use of herbal medicines or garlic were noted. About 50% had rightly stated that, the antibiotics and vaccine are not effective in COVID-19 infection at present. Conclusion: As the COVID-19 cases are rapidly increasing worldwide, it is essential to improve the knowledge and beliefs among general public to prevent its spread. Health care students with their education background and basic understanding about COVID-19 can play a significant role by making community people aware about the seriousness of this pandemic situation. © 2020 INDIACLEN
Management of the ENT consultation during the COVID-19 pandemic alert. Are ENT telephone consultations useful?	Gómez González,  MDR,  Piqueras Pérez, et al	Acta Otorrinolaringologica Espanola	Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	Objective: To describe how the ENT and Head and Neck departments of the HMM and HVC hospitals were managed during the COVID-19 state of alert and to analyse the results obtained to assess the usefulness of telephone consultations in our specialty. Material and methods: From March 16, the ENT and Head and Neck departments of the HMM and HVC Hospitals began telephone consultations. Due to the disparity in the actions of the different department members, the decision was made to create a protocol to manage these consultations which started to be implemented March 23. Results: During the study period, 1054 patients were attended in the consultations of both departments; 663 (62.9%) were first visits and 391 (37.10%) were successive visits. Twenty-one percent (229) of the consultations could be resolved by telephone, 10.82% (114) required face-to-face care, 57.40% (605) were indicated for an on-demand check-up depending on their disease course, and 10.05% (106) of the patients could not be reached by telephone.
Three infection clusters related with potential pre-symptomatic transmission of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), Shanghai, China, January to February 2020	Gong,  X,  Xiao, et al	Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Transmission Clinical data| Données cliniques	We report three clusters related with potential pre-symptomatic transmission of COVID-19 between January and February 2020 in Shanghai, China.  The study provides empirical evidence for transmission of COVID-19 during the incubation period and indicates that pre-symptomatic person-to-person transmission can occur following sufficient exposure to confirmed COVID-19 cases. The potential pre-symptomatic person-to-person transmission puts forward higher requirements for prevention and control measures.
SARS-CoV-2 or Pnuemocystis jirovecii? A case report	González Moyano,  AB,  Medina Ramos, et al	Medicina Intensiva	Clinical data| Données cliniques	Case report of  a 4 year old boy presenting with COVID-19 symptoms however infected with  Pneumocystis jirovecii.
How has Covid-19 pandemic affected crowded emergency services?	Gormeli Kurt,  N,  Gunes, et al	International journal of clinical practice	Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	Objective: We aimed to investigate the demographic shifts in emergency service admissions, possible measures and room for improvement in emergency services during the Covid-19 pandemic. Methodology: Our study retrospectively analysed the demographic features and clinical admission types of patients admitted to Batman District State Hospital Emergency Service at two different time periods, one between 28 March 2019 and 28 April 2019 (prior to the Covid-19 pandemic) and the other between 28 March 2020 and 28 April 2020 (during the Covid-19 pandemic).  Results: The number of patients admitted to emergency service was 47,681 in the pre-pandemic period and 9455 in the pandemic period.  Conclusion: Measures taken to prevent the spread of Covid-19 infection have caused a significant drop in emergency service admissions.
The potential role of immune alteration in the cancer–COVID19 equation—a prospective longitudinal study	Goshen-Lago,  T,  Szwarcwort-Cohen, et al	Cancers	Clinical data| Données cliniques Immunology | Immunologie	Background: The risk of cancer patients to develop COVID19 infection is unclear. We aimed to prospectively study cancer patients and oncology healthcare workers for COVID19 serology. In IgG+ cases, immune profile was determined to portray the pattern of immune response to SARS-CoV2. Methods: Cancer patients on active treatment and healthcare workers were enrolled. During the study period (3/2020–6/2020), demographic data and blood were collected at three time points. Expression of IgG, IgM, and IgA were assessed. In SARS-CoV-2 IgG+ cases and matched negative cases, we performed mass cytometry time of flight (CyTOF) analysis on the basis of the expression of surface markers. Results: The study included 164 cancer patients on active intravenous treatment and 107 healthcare workers at the cancer center. No symptomatic cases were reported during the study period. Serology analysis revealed four IgG+ patients (2.4%) and two IgG+ healthcare workers (1.9%)—all were asymptomatic. CyTOF analysis demonstrated substantial reduction in myeloid cells in healthcare workers who were SARS-CoV-2 IgG+ compared to those who were SARS-CoV-2 IgG-, whereas in cancer patients, the reduction was relatively milder (≈50% reduction in SARS-CoV-2 IgG+ cancer patients compared with ≈90% reduction in SARS-CoV-2 IgG+ workers). Conclusion: Our results indicate a similar rate of asymptomatic COVID19 infection in cancer patients and healthcare workers in a longitudinal study throughout the pandemic time. Due to differential immune cell profiles of cancer patients who are treated with immunomodulatory agents, the host response to the SARS-COV2 may play a role in COVID19 course and representation. The immunological perspective of cancer treatments on the risk for COVID19 infection should be further explored. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
The impact of COVID-19 in plastic surgery departments: a comparative retrospective study in a COVID-19 and in a non-COVID-19 hospital	Grippaudo,  FR,  Migliano, et al	European Journal of Plastic Surgery	Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	Background: COVID-19 is a new human-infecting coronavirus for which the World Health Organization declared a global pandemic. The first Italian cases occurred in February 2020: since then, there has been an exponential increase in new cases, hospitalizations and intensive care assistance demand. This new and sudden scenario led to a forced National Health System reorganization and review of welfare priorities. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of this pandemic on ordinary activities in two plastic surgery divisions in Rome, hosted in a COVID-19 and a non-COVID-19 hospital. Methods: The data of this comparative retrospective study was collected between 9 March and 9 April 2019 and the same period of 2020 from two plastic surgery units, one in a COVID-19 hospital and second in a non-COVID-19 hospital in Rome, Italy. The 2019–2020 data of the two hospitals was compared regarding the number of surgeries, post-operative dressings and first consultations performed. Results: Both units sustained a decrease in workload due to lockdown effects. Statistically significant differences for day surgery procedures (p value = 0.0047) and first consultations (p value < 0.0001) were found between the COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 institutes, with a drastic trend limiting non-urgent access to COVID-19 hospitals. Conclusions: The long-term effects of healthcare reshuffling in the “COVID-19 era” imply a delay in the diagnosis and treatment of skin cancer and cancellation of many reconstructive procedures. These findings pose a question on the future consequences of a long-term limitation in plastic surgery healthcare. Level of evidence: Level III, risk/prognostic study. © 2020, The Author(s).
The necessity of detailed epidemiological investigation in the early stage of an outbreak: lessons from a six-case cluster of COVID-19 in Guangzhou, China	Gu,  Y,  Lu, et al	Aust N Z J Public Health	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie	An outbreak investigation of a cluster related to a Karaoke party in Guangzhou, China is described with lessons learned regarding the core problem of identifying the infectious source of the six‐case cluster.
The patterns of seasonal outbreaks of acute respiratory diseases	Gundarov,  IA	Problemy sotsial'noi gigieny, zdravookhraneniia i istorii meditsiny	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie	The COVID-19 epidemic cause is considered to be "patient zero" contaminated by coronavirus infection in December 2019 in China. However, accumulated facts dispute this version of events. The first infected patient appeared in September in the United States, in December - in France. in November-December pneumonia of similar severity raged in Russia. It is difficult to explain numerous outbreaks of simultaneous contagions in isolated staffs, including military garrisons. In most of healthy adults' antibodies to coronavirus are found. The most of infected patients have no symptoms of disease. To explain these paradoxes ecological hypothesis is proposed - humanity and coronaviruses have been interacting evolutionarily for thousands years in system of biogeocenosis, periodically confronting under influence of cyclical ecological processes. The purpose of study is to investigate relationship between mortality of acute out-of-hospital pneumonia, coronavirus ones included, and cyclical fluctuations of environmental conditions. The primary material was obtained from data of Rosstat, international information bases, results of scientific studies. The classic methods of medical statistics were applied. The summer solstice (June) was used as reference point for estimating dynamics of monthly mortality in 2015-2020. The analysis of dynamics of mortality of pneumonia averaged for 2015-2020 revealed three epidemic waves with peaks in October, January, and March. Such cyclical pattern was consistently reproduced for particular years in 2015-2020. The first wave always was the lowest one. When the second wave exceeds the third one, increase in mortality in February and March was the smallest one. The greatest epidemic losses were established at the plateau. In 2020, the rate of coronavirus infection in the world coincides with the established cyclicity. The stable reproducibility of three peaks of mortality in same months testifies their regular character. The cause of all this may be the cyclicity of ecological interactions between coronaviruses and human population.
Is the psychological impact of exposure to COVID-19 stronger in adolescents with pre-pandemic maltreatment experiences? A survey of rural Chinese adolescents	Guo,  J,  Fu, et al	Child Abuse and Neglect	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	Background: Since the COVID-19 outbreak at the end of 2019, it has evolved into a global pandemic with tremendous mental health impact besides the threats to people's physical health. Objective: The aims were to examine whether exposure to COVID-19 predicts elevated levels of anxiety and post-traumatic stress symptoms and whether pre-pandemic maltreatment experiences exacerbate this impact on mental health in adolescents. Participants and setting: The survey was conducted online from February 8 st to February 27th, 2020, and the questionnaires were distributed and retrieved through a web-based platform. This study includes a total of 6196 subjects, aged range from 11 to 18 years old. Methods: Several multivariable linear regressions were used to analyse the data. Results: The largest variance in PTSS and anxiety problems was explained by ACEs, with more pre-pandemic maltreatment experiences predicting more PTSS (effect size beta = 0.16∼0.27), and more anxiety (effect size beta = 0.32∼0.47). Experienced or subjective fear of exposure to COVID-19 predicted statistically significant variance in PTSS and anxiety, and standardized betas ranged from 0.04 to 0.09. Participants who had adverse childhood experiences and had experienced exposure to COVID-19 showed elevated PTSS. Conclusions: After pre-pandemic maltreatment experiences the impact of exposure to COVID-19 on mental health may be stronger. Scars from the past seem to be vulnerabilities during societal upheaval. We therefore suggest that when exposed to COVID-19 rural adolescents should get prioritized professional family support and mental health counseling in particular when they have experienced family abuse and neglect in childhood, even though such support is more difficult to organize in rural areas. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd
Longer Duration of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Case of Mild COVID-19 With Weak Production of the Specific IgM and IgG Antibodies	Guo,  X,  Zeng, et al	Frontiers in Immunology	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques Immunology | Immunologie	Background: The relationship between SARS-CoV-2-carrying time and specific antibody production has not yet been reported in re-admitted COVID-19 patients. We reported a case of mild COVID-19 with long virus-carrying time, weak production of virus-specific IgG and IgM antibodies, and recurrence of positive SARS-CoV-2 RNA in stool specimens after discharge. Case Presentation: A 27-year-old male was diagnosed as COVID-19 after returning to Meizhou from Wuhan. Despite extremely mild symptoms, the patient was hospitalized for 24 days because of persistent positive SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection. Three days after recovery discharge, he was hospitalized again for 7 days due to a recurrence of the positive SARS-CoV-2 RNA result, while in a good physical condition. Serological assay, using a fluorescent immunochromatography detection kit specific to SARS-CoV-2, showed that SARS-CoV-2-specific IgM antibodies were undetectable and IgG antibodies were very low on day 8 after onset; both of the antibodies seemingly reached top concentrations on day 15 (just a 6-fold increase of the IgG titer), and then decreased, remaining relatively stable from day 25 after onset until discharge. The production of the IgM and IgG targeting SARS-CoV-2 in this very mild case was much lower than that in a severe case of COVID-19 during the same hospitalizing period, and the latter was used as a control. Conclusion: Mild COVID-19 patients could carry SARS-CoV-2 for a long time, which may be related to the weak production of the virus-specific IgG and IgM. Recurrence of positive SARS-CoV-2 RNA could occur in mild COVID-19 possibly due to intermittent virus shedding, so strict quarantine and health surveillance should be taken for all discharged COVID-19 patients to prevent a potential virus spread. © Copyright © 2020 Guo, Zeng, Huang, He, Zhang and Zhong.
Experience with the use of recombinant humanized monoclonal antibodies to the human receptor for interleukin-6 in patients with CoVID-19	Gusev,  DА,  Vashukova, et al	Jurnal Infektologii	Clinical data| Données cliniques Therapeutics| Thérapeutique	The new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) has become a truly global challenge for all of humanity, and, above all, for the healthcare system. Among its most important aspects requiring careful analysis are the clinical and laboratory features of the course of the disease, which make it possible to determine approaches to pathogenetic therapy in severe forms of the disease. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of medical records of patients (n = 31) of severe COVID-19 patients who were hospitalized in St. Petersburg City Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases named after S.P. Botkin”in March – May 2020. Clinical and laboratory characteristics were evaluated, including the level of ferritin, C-reactive protein, D-dimer, interleukin-6, depending on the severity of the disease. The criteria for the appointment of a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody to the human receptor for interleukin-6 (INN – tocilizumab) in patients with a severe course of the disease and its effectiveness are determined. Results. In the treatment of severe patients with COVID-19, it is necessary to carefully evaluate the clinical picture of the course of the disease, which may be ahead of changes in laboratory parameters. The introduction of tocilizumab leads to a rapid regression of general infectious symptoms, subjective and objective manifestations of respiratory failure and, as a consequence, a decrease in the duration of hospitalization. It is extremely important that the drug is administered in a timely manner during the rise of the “cytokine storm”. The time for optimal administration of tocilizumab begins from 8-9 days from the onset of the disease, until the patient is transferred to mechanical ventilation. © 2020 Interregional public organization Association of infectious disease specialists of Saint-Petersburg and Leningrad region (IPO AIDSSPbR). All rights reserved.
Subacute thyroiditis in the course of coronavirus disease 2019: A case report	Guven,  M	Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism	Clinical data| Données cliniques	Subacute thyroiditis (SAT) is a non-suppurative thyroid gland in-flammation, which usually develops after viral upper respiratory tract infections, accompanied by pain and fever. Here, we present a 49-year-old Turkish man who developed SAT 10 days after the diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). After the COVID-19 outbreak, affecting millions of people worldwide, millions of people are also likely to develop SAT. Therefore, clinicians should pay atten-tion to the development of SAT after COVID-19. © J Endocrinol Metab and Elmer Press Inc™.
PMC7439007; miRNA target prediction might explain the reduced transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Jordan, Middle East	Haddad,  H,  Walid, et al	Noncoding RNA Res	Coronavirology| Coronavirologie	MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs that control many functions within the human cells by controlling protein levels through binding to messenger RNA (mRNA) translation process or mRNA abundance. Many pieces of evidence show that miRNAs affect the viral RNA replication and pathogenesis through direct binding to the RNA virus to mediate changes in the host transcriptome. Many previous studies have been studying the interaction between human cells' miRNA and viral RNA to predict many targets along the viral genome. In this work, via the miRDB database, we determined the target scores of predicted human miRNA to bind with the ss-RNA of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in general and its spike gene in specific. Our predicted miRNA targets of the ss-RNA of SARS-CoV-2 might destabilize the ss-RNA translation of SARS-CoV-2 that has been established by more than 80% of asymptomatic infected cases in Jordan due to host miRNA interactions. In respiratory epithelial cells, the high prediction scoring for miRNAs covers the RNA from 5' to 3' that explains successful antiviral defenses against ss-RNA of SARS-CoV-2 and might lead to new nucleotide deletion mechanisms. The exciting findings here that the nucleotide substitution 1841A > G at the viral genomic RNA level, which is an amino acid substation D614G at the spike protein level showed a change in the predicted miRNA sequence from hsa-miR-4793-5p to hsa-miR-3620-3p with an increase in the target score from 91 to 92.
Means of preventing the risk of exposure to SARS-Cov-2: Survey of pharmacists in a city in eastern Algeria	Hamadouche,  M	Archives des Maladies Professionnelles et de l'Environnement	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	Context: The COVID-19 pandemic is on the rise worldwide, causing more than 7.5 million people infected and more than 400,000 dead to date. The mortality rate in Algeria is the highest in Africa, the wilaya of Sétif, currently registering an increase in the number of patients, goes back to 3rd place nationwide. Method: This investigation involved 63 pharmacies in the city of Sétif (northeast of Algeria), under partial confinement. The information was collected using a questionnaire from pharmacists or by direct observation. Results: The proportion of women that were on exceptional leave is 24.8%, and that of men 6.8%. A barrier maintaining a safe distance between pharmacists and customers is present in 95.2% of pharmacies. This distance is respected in 38.1% of cases between pharmacists, and in 76.8% of cases between clients. In 50.8% of cases, the mask is worn by the majority of employees, but more rarely by customers. Physical meetings are held in almost half of the cases. The means necessary for good hand hygiene are available to all staff; customers rarely (6.3%) have access to the hydroalcoholic solution. In most cases disinfection takes place frequently. Discussion: Several measures to limit the spread of the virus have been implemented in pharmacies. However, the wearing of protective masks should be generalized for staff and customers, as well as the posting of safety instructions and the availability of hydroalcoholic solution to customers.
Potential mechanism prediction of Cold-Damp Plague Formula against COVID-19 via network pharmacology analysis and molecular docking	Han,  L,  Wei, et al	Chinese Medicine (United Kingdom)	Therapeutics| Thérapeutique	Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new global public health emergency. The therapeutic benefits of ColdDamp Plague Formula (CDPF) against COVID-19, which was used to treat "colddampness stagnation in the lung"in Trial Versions 6 and 7 of the "Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for COVID-19", have been demonstrated, but the effective components and their mechanism of action remain unclear. Methods: In this study, a network pharmacology approach was employed, including drug-likeness evaluation, oral bioavailability prediction, proteinprotein interaction (PPI) network construction and analysis, Gene Ontology (GO) terms, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway annotation, and virtual docking, to predict the bioactive components, potential targets, and molecular mechanism of CDPF for COVID-19 treatment. Results: The active compound of herbs in CDPF and their candidate targets were obtained through database mining, and an herbs-ingredients-targets network was constructed. Subsequently, the candidate targets of the active compounds were compared to those relevant to COVID-19, to identify the potential targets of CDPF for COVID-19 treatment. Subsequently, the PPI network was constructed, which provided a basis for cluster analysis and hub gene screening. The seed targets in the most significant module were selected for further functional annotation. GO enrichment analysis identified four main areas: (1) cellular responses to external stimuli, (2) regulation of blood production and circulation, (3) free radical regulation, (4) immune regulation and anti-inflammatory effects. KEGG pathway analysis also revealed that CDPF could play pharmacological roles against COVID-19 through "multi componentsmulti targetsmulti pathways"at the molecular level, mainly involving anti-viral, immune-regulatory, and anti-inflammatory pathways; consequently, a "CDPF-herbs-ingredients-targets-pathways-COVID-19"network was constructed. In hub target analysis, the top hub target IL6, and ACE2, the receptor via which SARS-CoV-2 typically enters host cells, were selected for molecular docking analyses, and revealed good binding activities. Conclusions: This study revealed the active ingredients and potential molecular mechanism by which CDPF treatment is effective against COVID-19, and provides a reference basis for the wider application and further mechanistic investigations of CDPF in the fight against COVID-19. © 2020 The Author(s).
Politicization and Polarization in COVID-19 News Coverage	Hart,  PS,  Chinn, et al	Science Communication	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	This study examines the level of politicization and polarization in COVID-19 news in U.S. newspapers and televised network news from March to May 2020. Using multiple computer-assisted content analytic approaches, we find that newspaper coverage is highly politicized, network news coverage somewhat less so, and both newspaper and network news coverage are highly polarized. We find that politicians appear in newspaper coverage more frequently than scientists, whereas politicians and scientists are more equally featured in network news. We suggest that the high degree of politicization and polarization in initial COVID-19 coverage may have contributed to polarization in U.S. COVID-19 attitudes. © The Author(s) 2020.
PMC7437445; Generated time-series prediction data of COVID-19's daily infections in Brazil by using recurrent neural networks	Hawas,  M	Data Brief	Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie	In light of the COVID-19 pandemic that has struck the world since the end of 2019, many endeavors have been carried out to overcome this crisis. Taking into consideration the uncertainty as a feature of forecasting, this data article introduces long-term time-series predictions for the virus's daily infections in Brazil by training forecasting models on limited raw data (30 time-steps and 40 time-steps alternatives). The primary reuse potential of this forecasting data is to enable decision-makers to develop action plans against the pandemic, and to help researchers working in infection prevention and control to: (1) explore limited data usage in predicting infections. (2) develop a reinforcement learning model on top of this data-lake, which can perform an online game between the trained models to generate a new capable model for predicting future true data. The prediction data was generated by training 4200 recurrent neural networks (54 to 84 days validation periods) on raw data from Johns Hopkins University's online repository, to pave the way for generating reliable extended long-term predictions.
Value of Viral Nucleic Acid in Sputum and Feces and Specific IgM/IgG in Serum for the Diagnosis of Coronavirus Disease 2019	He,  Y,  Luo, et al	Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology	Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes	A new type of coronavirus-induced pneumonia eventually termed “coronavirus disease 2019” (COVID-19) was diagnosed in patients in Wuhan (Hubei Province, China) in December 2019, and soon spread worldwide. To improve the detection rate of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), we analyzed the results of viral nucleic acid and serum-specific antibody tests on clinical samples from 20 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection diagnosed at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University in China. By comparing various sample types collected from COVID-19 patients, we revealed multiple pathways for SARS-CoV-2 shedding, and a prolonged detectable period for viral nucleic acid test in sputum specimens, demonstrating that the timeline of the viral shedding is of great value in determining the time of release from quarantine or discharge from hospital. We also recommend for the application of serological test to assist in confirming SARS-CoV-2 infection judged by viral nucleic acid test, especially when COVID-19-related symptoms have appeared and the viral nucleic acid test was negative. Our findings are critical for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection and for determining deadline of restriction measures to prevent transmission caused by convalescent patients with COVID-19. © Copyright © 2020 He, Luo, Yang, Song, Wei and Ma.
A test of the association between the initial surge in COVID-19 cases and subsequent changes in financial risk tolerance	Heo,  W,  Grable, et al	Review of Behavioral Finance	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to provide an estimate of the degree to which financial risk tolerance changed in relation to the initial surge of COVID-19 cases in the US. Design/methodology/approach: Data from a large sample of investors and other consumers covering the period beginning April 2019 and ending in early May 2020 were used to estimate aggregate levels of financial risk tolerance and to determine if the willingness to take financial risk changed across five distinct periods in relation to the spread of COVID-19. Findings: A general reduction in aggregate levels of financial risk tolerance was observed during the initial peak of COVID-19 period and the subsequent declaration of a pandemic, with the most significant drop in risk tolerance being exhibited by those who were 25 years of age or younger. Practical implications: The findings from this study – primarily that in terms of FRT, the COVID-19 pandemic impacted young people disproportionately – suggest that in addition to helping young people feel comfortable in terms of their personal health situation and access to employment and health insurance, policy makers, financial service firms and financial literacy educators should provide information and guidance to young people regarding why being willing to take financial risks is important and how FRT corresponds to the proper functioning of the investment markets. Originality/value: A data-drive methodology was utilized in this study to define the periods. This approach was taken due to the lack of defined and published pandemic interval periods specific to COVID19. However, the findings based on the data-driven methodology bring practical implications such as young people are sincerely considered in the catastrophic situation. © 2020, Emerald Publishing Limited.
The relationship between cyclonic weather regimes and seasonal influenza over the Eastern Mediterranean	Hochman,  A,  Alpert, et al	Science of the Total Environment	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie	Authors analyze the relationship between the occurrence of a winter low-pressure weather regime - Cyprus Lows - and the seasonal Influenza in the Eastern Mediterranean. Since weather regimes such as Cyprus Lows are more robustly predicted in weather and climate models than individual climate variables, we conclude that the weather regime approach can be used to develop tools for estimating the compatibility of the transmission environment for Influenza occurrence in a warming world.
Burnout and its influencing factors between frontline nurses and nurses from other wards during the outbreak of Coronavirus Disease-COVID-19-in Iran	Hoseinabadi,  TS,  Kakhki, et al	Investigacion y Educacion en Enfermeria	Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	The objective of this study was to assess burnout level during an outbreak of COVID-19in Iran and to identify influencing factors between frontline nurses and nurses from other wards. The burnout level in frontline nurses was higher than other nurses, the most important influencing factor was the job stress. Regarding to negative effects of burnout on both physical and mental health nurses, it is suggested that a strong strategy be considered to reduce nurses' burnout to be able to control ongoing and future outbreaks successfully.
COVID-19 Related Experience, Knowledge, Attitude, and Behaviors Among 2,669 Orthodontists, Orthodontic Residents, and Nurses in China: A Cross-Sectional Survey	Hua,  F,  Qin, et al	Frontiers in Medicine	Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	The objective of this study was to assess the current COVID-19 related experiences, knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors among orthodontists, orthodontic residents, and orthodontic nurses in China, and to identify factors associated with their self-perceived and actual level of knowledge, as well as their willingness to treat/care for COVID-19 patients.  Before work resumption, COVID-19-related training programs are essential for the improvement of knowledge, confidence, and preparedness of orthodontic professionals.
Peripheral blood CD4+ cell counts but not CD3+ and CD8+ cell counts are reduced in SARS-CoV-2 infection	Huang,  ZX,  Li, et al	Journal of affective disorders	Clinical data| Données cliniques Immunology | Immunologie	Authors use cell counting chips and PCR arrays to offer the first insights into the T cell involved in the course of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. These findings imply the importance of CD4+ T cells in SARS-CoV-2 infection associated pneumonia and indicate that CD4+ T cells might be important for the control of SARS-CoV-2
Timing matters: the impact of response measures on COVID-19-related hospitalization and death rates in Germany and Switzerland	Huber,  M,  Langen, et al	Swiss Journal of Economics and Statistics	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique	Authors assess the impact of the timing of lockdown measures implemented in Germany and Switzerland on cumulative COVID-19-related hospitalization and death rates. They find for both countries that a relatively later exposure to the measures entails higher cumulative hospitalization and death rates on region-specific days after the outbreak of the epidemic, suggesting that an earlier imposition of measures is more effective than a later one.
Uncontrolled Innate and Impaired Adaptive Immune Responses in Patients with COVID-19 ARDS	Hue,  S,  Beldi-Ferchiou, et al	Am J Respir Crit Care Med	Clinical data| Données cliniques Immunology | Immunologie	Authors compare the immunopathology of COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) to that of non-COVID-19 ARDS, and to identify biomarkers associated with mortality in patients with COVID-19 ARDS. Profound global lymphopenia and a "chemokine signature" were observed in COVID-19 ARDS. Increased serum concentrations of CXCL10/IP-10 and GM-CSF, together with higher naso-pharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 viral load, were associated with day-28 mortality.
Management of pneumothorax in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients: early experience	Hussain,  A,  Noorani, et al	Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg	Clinical data| Données cliniques	A significant proportion of patients infected with the novel coronavirus, now termed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), require intensive care admission and subsequent mechanical ventilation. Pneumothorax, a potential fatal complication of mechanical ventilation, can further complicate the management of COVID-19 patients, whilst chest drain insertion may increase the risk of transmission of attending staff. We present a case series and a suggested best-practice protocol for how to manage and treat pneumothoraces in COVID-19 patients in an intensive care unit setting.
A Case of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Presenting with Seizures Secondary to Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis	Hussain,  S,  Vattoth, et al	Case Reports in Neurology	Clinical data| Données cliniques	Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. COVID-19-associated thrombotic events are recognized. A wide variety of neurological presentations have been recently documented. We report the first case of COVID-19 presenting with generalized seizure secondary to cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by S. Karger AG, Basel.
The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the care of patients with kidney diseases in Duhok City, Kurdistan Region of Iraq	Hussein,  NR,  S, et al	Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research and Reviews	Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	This report analyzed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on kidney disease patient care in Duhok City, Kurdistan Region of Iraq.  The COVID-19 pandemic interrupted healthcare services and may continue to impart long-term negative consequences for kidney disease patients.
Implementation of a Deep Learning-Based Computer-Aided Detection System for the Interpretation of Chest Radiographs in Patients Suspected for COVID-19	Hwang,  EJ,  Kim, et al	Korean J Radiol	Clinical data| Données cliniques Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes	The objective of this study was to describe the experience of implementing a deep learning-based computer-aided detection (CAD) system for the interpretation of chest X-ray radiographs (CXR) of suspected coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients and investigate the diagnostic performance of CXR interpretation with CAD assistance. Radiologists with CAD assistance could identify patients with rRT-PCR-positive COVID-19 or pneumonia on CXR with a reasonably acceptable performance. In patients suspected with COVID-19, CXR had much faster TATs than rRT-PCRs.
Do suicide rates in children and adolescents change during school closure in Japan? The acute effect of the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic on child and adolescent mental health	Isumi,  A,  Doi, et al	Child Abuse and Neglect	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	This study investigates the acute effect of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic on suicide among children and adolescents during school closure in Japan. As preliminary findings, this study suggests that the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic has not significantly affected suicide rates among children and adolescents during the school closure in Japan.
Sleep quality and mental health in the context of COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown in Morocco	Janati Idrissi,  A,  Lamkaddem, et al	Sleep medicine	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	Authors conducted this study to evaluate sleep disorders and psychological impact associated with the spread of the COVID-19 and the lockdown on the Moroccan population. The study revealed a high prevalence of sleep disorders, anxiety, and depressive symptoms in the Moroccan population during the COVID-19 lockdown period.
Pneumothorax in patients with prior or current COVID-19 pneumonia	Janssen,  ML,  van Manen, et al	Respiratory Medicine Case Reports	Clinical data| Données cliniques	As the number of COVID-19 cases emerge, new complications associated with the disease are recognized. We present three cases of spontaneous pneumothorax in patients with COVID-19. They show that a pneumothorax can occur during different phases of disease, in patients without a pulmonary disease history and is not necessarily associated to positive pressure ventilation or severity of COVID-19. Although the exact causative mechanisms remain unknown, this observation might imply that extensive alveolar destruction due to COVID-19 may lead to bulla formation resulting in subsequent pneumothorax. © 2020
Análise sistêmica do município de São Paulo e suas implicações para o avanço dos casos de Covid-19	Jardim,  VC,  Buckeridge, et al	Estudos Avancados	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie	Authors applied the software BioNetStat to census data pertaining to the city of Sao Paulo to investigate inequalities which exacerbated the vulnerabilities of COVID-19. The results show that the pandemic led to higher lethality in regions with urban patterns coinciding with lower levels of education and income, a higher number of trips to work, and failures in the water supply system.
High-Throughput Virtual Screening of 4487 flavonoids: New insights on the structural inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease	Jiménez-Avalos,  GabrielM,  Vargas-Ruiz, et al	arXiv	Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Therapeutics| Thérapeutique	COVID-19 presents a great threat to public health worldwide and the infectious agent SARS-CoV- 2 is currently the target of much research aiming at inhibition. The virus' main protease is a dimeric enzyme that has only recently begun to be thoroughly described, opening the door for docking assays and virtual screening more broadly. Here, three putative binding sites were described through computational means, while 5 organic compounds for each location were reached through virtual screening from a massive, PAIN-filtered flavonoid database. Virtual screening integrated several confirmation methods, including validation docking based on 2Dscore, cross-docking assays and positive and negative controls. All 15 compounds are currently subjected to molecular dynamics so as to validate their binding to the protease. Finally, general recommendations for drug design based on these flavonoids are drawn from physicochemical and biochemical considerations.
Changes in Interventional Pain Physician Decision-Making, Practice Patterns, and Mental Health During the Early Phase of the SARS-CoV-2 Global Pandemic	Joyce,  AA,  Conger, et al	Pain Med	Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	This study aimed to describe the impact of the early phase of the pandemic on physician decision-making, practice patterns, and mental health. The novel coronavirus pandemic dramatically altered the practice and prescribing patterns of interventional pain physicians.
High dose subcutaneous Anakinra to treat acute respiratory distress syndrome secondary to cytokine storm syndrome among severely ill COVID-19 patients	Julián,  EI,  Veloso, et al	Journal of Autoimmunity	Clinical data| Données cliniques Therapeutics| Thérapeutique	Authors propose a rationale for the use of subcutaneous Anakinra (ANK)  and review our initial experience in a small cohort of severe COVID-19 cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) patients. Overall, 55.6% of COVID-19 ARDS CSS patients treated with ANK exhibited favorable outcome, not inferior to a Tocilizumab (TCZ) treated matched cohort. ANK may be a potential alternative to TCZ for patients with elevated aminotransferases, and may be useful in non-responders to TCZ.
The Importance of Mandatory COVID-19 Diagnostic Testing Prior to Release from Quarantine	Jung,  J,  Jang, et al	J Korean Med Sci	Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique	A 14-day quarantine is implemented in many countries in response to the coronavirus disease pandemic. Korea implemented a mandatory quarantine for those who had close contact with infected patients and those returning from abroad. The present study explored the implications of mandatory coronavirus disease 2019 testing before releasing individuals from the 14-day quarantine in Incheon, Korea. From February 11 to July 5, 2020, 19,296 people were self-quarantined, and 56 (0.3%) of them were confirmed cases of COVID-19. Twenty (35.7%) were identified through the reporting of symptoms during quarantine, and 32 (57.1%) were identified using mandatory pre-release RT-PCR tests. Among the 32, 14 (25%) individuals reported mild symptoms and 18 (32.1%) were asymptomatic. It is suggested that mandatory diagnostic testing prior to release and the symptom-based surveillance after the 14-day quarantine may help control delayed or asymptomatic COVID-19 cases.
Knowledge, perception, and level of confidence regarding COVID-19 care among healthcare workers involved in cardiovascular medicine: a web-based cross-sectional survey in Japan	Kadoya,  Y,  Zen, et al	Journal of cardiology	Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	This study aimed to investigate the knowledge, perception, and level of confidence regarding COVID-19 care among HCWs involved in cardiovascular medicine. This survey revealed the lack of knowledge about adequate infection-prevention measures for COVID-19.
serum 25(oH)D level in patients with CoVID-19	Karonova,  TL,  Andreeva, et al	Jurnal Infektologii	Clinical data| Données cliniques	The aim of this work was to evaluate the vitamin D level of patients with COVID-19 hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia and compare the value of 25(OH)D in blood serum with the clinical manifestations of the disease.  Vitamin D deficiency and obesity have been found to increase the risk of severe course and death of coronavirus infection.
A cross sectional study reveals severe disruption in glycemic control in people with diabetes during and after lockdown in India	Khader,  MA,  Jabeen, et al	Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research and Reviews	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	Authors aimed to evaluate and assess the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on management of diabetes and challenges faced by people with diabetes in India during and after the lockdown phase. This study provides a firsthand evidence of major disruption in diabetes care activities during and after the lockdown phase in India and increased risk of poorer clinical outcomes, if infected by SARS-CoV-2.
Structural insights into the mechanism of RNA recognition by the N-terminal RNA-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid phosphoprotein	Khan,  A,  Tahir Khan, et al	Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal	Coronavirology| Coronavirologie	The proteome of COVID-19 contains four structural and sixteen nonstructural proteins that ensure the replication of the virus in the host cell. However, the role of phosphoprotein (N) in RNA recognition, replicating, transcribing the viral genome, and modulating the host immune response is indispensable. Authors used an integrated computational pipeline to identify the key residues, which play an essential role in RNA recognition. Analyses suggest that residues T57A, H59A, S105A, R107A, F171A, and Y172A significantly affected the dynamics and binding of RNA.
Observational study on Effect of Lock Down due to COVID 19 on glycemic control in patients with Diabetes: Experience from Central India	khare,  J,  jindal, et al	Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research and Reviews	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	The aim of this study was to study the effect of lock down on glycemic control in diabetic patients and possible factor responsible for this. Psychological stress was most common factor worsening of hyperglycemia followed by change in diet and exercise.
How do people perceive the disclosure risk of maps? Examining the perceived disclosure risk of maps and its implications for geoprivacy protection	Kim,  J,  Kwan, et al	Cartography and Geographic Information Science	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	This research examines how people subjectively perceive the disclosure risk of a map using original data collected in an online survey with 856 participants. The results indicate that perceived disclosure risk increases as the amount of locational information displayed on a map increases.
Molecular modelling investigation for drugs and nutraceuticals against protease of SARS-CoV-2	Kodchakorn,  K,  Poovorawan, et al	Journal of Molecular Graphics and Modelling	Therapeutics| Thérapeutique	This report sought to provide fundamental knowledge as preliminary experimental data to propose an existing nutraceutical material against viral infection. Collectively, it is suggested that molecular modelling and molecular docking are suitable tools to search and screen for new drugs and natural compounds that can be used as future treatments for viral diseases.
Evaluation of Depression and Anxiety Levels and Related Factors Among Operating Theater Workers During the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic	Koksal,  E,  Dost, et al	Journal of Perianesthesia Nursing	Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	This study aimed to examine the anxiety and depression levels and related factors among health care professionals working in operating theaters (anesthetic technicians and nurses) during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.  The present study showed that anxiety and depression symptoms were high among health care professionals working in operating theaters.
In the Turkish News: Coronavirus and “Alternative & complementary” medicine methods	Konakci,  G,  Ozgursoy Uran, et al	Complementary therapies in medicine	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	The object of this study is to analyze the complementary and alternative treatments for the prevention of COVID-19/Coronavirus in the Turkish news. It was reported by previous literature potential interactions between herbal remedies/dietary supplements and prescribed drugs, complications of medical conditions and some adverse effects cause of CAM usage
COVID-19 entropic characteristics	Korablev,  GA	Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Seriya Khimiya i Khimicheskaya Tekhnologiya	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie	The coronavirus scenario in Russia is analyzed. The accuracy of forecast regarding the maximum number of diseases at the given moment and plateau duration is 96.5 % and 98.5%, respectively.
Added value of chest computed tomography in suspected COVID-19: an analysis of 239 patients	Korevaar,  DA,  Kootte, et al	The European respiratory journal	Clinical data| Données cliniques Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes	In this letter to the editor, authors discuss real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing and chest CT. They found that chest CT showed high probability of COVID-19 in 29.9% of patients with a negative or indeterminate initial RT-PCR result.
COVID-19 positive mothers are not more anxious or depressed than non COVID pregnant women during the pandemic: A pilot case-control comparison	Kotabagi,  P,  Nauta, et al	European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	In this letter to the editor, authors discuss  that pregnant women express greater levels of anxiety and depression during the pandemics weeks compared to before and in particular, voiced concerns about health of their family and unborn children, as well as anxiety regarding behavioural changes such as social-isolation, working remotely, transport difficulties, childcare and stockpiling. The data from this small study indicate that GAD-7 and PHQ-9 median scores were broadly low in both groups, suggesting that the sociodemographic influences of the pandemic affected pregnant women equally irrespective of their COVID status.
The challenge of the energy sector of russia during the 2020 covid-19 pandemic through the example of the republic of tatarstan: Discussion on the change of open innovation in the energy sector	Kulachinskaya,  A,  Akhmetova, et al	Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity	Economics | Économie	This research is aimed at describing the status and highlighting the socioeconomic effects, constraints (economic and social risks), and "growth points" of the energy sector in the modern realities of the 2020 crisis. The conducted study revealed divergence of sectoral dynamics of energy consumption, which is a translation of the immanent features of the 2020 crisis into the energy sector.
Usage Patterns of a Web-Based Palliative Care Content Platform (PalliCOVID) During the COVID-19 Pandemic	Lai,  L,  Sato, et al	Journal of pain and symptom management	Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	The objective of this study was to evaluate usage patterns of PalliCOVID to understand user behavior in relation to this palliative care content platform during the period of the local peak of COVID-19 infection in Massachusetts. PalliCOVID is one example of a scalable digital health solution that can bring palliative care resources to frontline clinicians. Analysis of PalliCOVID usage patterns has the potential to inform the improvement of the platform to better meet the needs of its user base and guide future dissemination strategies.
Characteristics of mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19 and persons under investigation negative for COVID-19 at an academic medical center: A retrospective cross-sectional pilot study	Lam,  PH,  Milam, et al	Journal of clinical anesthesia	Clinical data| Données cliniques Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	A retrospective review was conducted of patients with COVID-19 (positive RT-PCR test) and PUIs1 negative for COVID-19 who were admitted and required mechanical ventilation at a large, tertiary, academic center in Los Angeles . This preliminary data suggests our COVID-19 patients had better outcomes which may be attributed to a less critically ill patient population, earlier presentation to the hospital before respiratory failure, aggressive proning strategies and NMB use, COVID-19-designated resources/personnel, and a hospital system that is not over capacity.
PMC7439011; There is no intraocular affection on a SARS-CoV-2 - Infected ocular surface	Lauermann,  P,  Storch, et al	Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep	Transmission Clinical data| Données cliniques	The objective of this study was to gain knowledge about the infectious state of intraocular structures which could influence the daily work of ophthalmic surgeons. SARS-CoV-2 can effectively be inactivated with standard disinfection agents. We analyzed ocular samples from a patient who had succumbed to COVID-19 pneumonia for the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. We detected viral RNA in the ocular-surface samples on one swab and in one excidate from the conjunctiva. Samples from the anterior chamber and vitreous revealed no SARS-CoV-2 RNA. The now proven absence of SARS-CoV-2 in intraocular fluids could influence how ophthalmic surgeons work.
PMC7249507; Pulmonary Arterial Thrombosis in COVID-19 With Fatal Outcome : Results From a Prospective, Single-Center, Clinicopathologic Case Series	Lax,  SF,  Skok, et al	Ann Intern Med	Clinical data| Données cliniques	BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has rapidly become pandemic, with substantial mortality. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the pathologic changes of organ systems and the clinicopathologic basis for severe and fatal outcomes. DESIGN: Prospective autopsy study. SETTING: Single pathology department. PARTICIPANTS: 11 deceased patients with COVID-19 (10 of whom were selected at random for autopsy). MEASUREMENTS: Systematic macroscopic, histopathologic, and viral analysis (SARS-CoV-2 on real-time polymerase chain reaction assay), with correlation of pathologic and clinical features, including comorbidities, comedication, and laboratory values. RESULTS: Patients' age ranged from 66 to 91 years (mean, 80.5 years; 8 men, 3 women). Ten of the 11 patients received prophylactic anticoagulant therapy; venous thromboembolism was not clinically suspected antemortem in any of the patients. Both lungs showed various stages of diffuse alveolar damage (DAD), including edema, hyaline membranes, and proliferation of pneumocytes and fibroblasts. Thrombosis of small and mid-sized pulmonary arteries was found in various degrees in all 11 patients and was associated with infarction in 8 patients and bronchopneumonia in 6 patients. Kupffer cell proliferation was seen in all patients, and chronic hepatic congestion in 8 patients. Other changes in the liver included hepatic steatosis, portal fibrosis, lymphocytic infiltrates and ductular proliferation, lobular cholestasis, and acute liver cell necrosis, together with central vein thrombosis. Additional frequent findings included renal proximal tubular injury, focal pancreatitis, adrenocortical hyperplasia, and lymphocyte depletion of spleen and lymph nodes. Viral RNA was detectable in pharyngeal, bronchial, and colonic mucosa but not bile. LIMITATION: The sample was small. CONCLUSION: COVID-19 predominantly involves the lungs, causing DAD and leading to acute respiratory insufficiency. Death may be caused by the thrombosis observed in segmental and subsegmental pulmonary arterial vessels despite the use of prophylactic anticoagulation. Studies are needed to further understand the thrombotic complications of COVID-19, together with the roles for strict thrombosis prophylaxis, laboratory and imaging studies, and early anticoagulant therapy for suspected pulmonary arterial thrombosis or thromboembolism. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: None.
Reopening K-12 Schools in the Era of COVID-19: Review of State-level Guidance Addressing Equity Concerns	Li,  A,  Harries, et al	J Pediatr	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	OBJECTIVE: To determine how state guidance documents address equity concerns in K-12 schools during the COVID-19 pandemic. STUDY DESIGN: Using online searches, we collected state-level documents from all 50 states and the District of Columbia discussing reopening plans for K-12 schools in the 2020-2021 academic year. We examined whether these documents explicitly mentioned equity as a concern, as well as if and how they addressed the following equity issues: food insecurity and child nutrition, homelessness or temporary housing, lack of access to Internet/technology, students with disabilities or special needs, English language learners, students involved with or on the verge of involvement with the Department of Children and Family Services (DCFS) or an equivalent agency, mental health support, students/staff at higher risk of severe illness from SARS-CoV-2 infection, and students/staff living with someone at higher risk of severe illness from SARS-CoV-2 infection. RESULTS: Forty-four of 51 states (86%) explicitly mentioned equity as a concern or guiding principle. At least 90% of states offered guidance for 7 equity issues. Fewer than 75% states addressed homelessness or temporary housing, students involved with or on the verge of involvement with DCFS or an equivalent agency, and students/staff living with someone at higher risk of severe illness from SARS-CoV-2 infection. CONCLUSIONS: Wide variability exists in state-level guidance to help K-12 schools develop re-opening plans that protect those who are most vulnerable to learning loss or reduced access to basic needs. Interpretation and implementation by local educational agencies will need to be assessed.
Longitudinal correlation of biomarkers of cardiac injury, inflammation, and coagulation to outcome in hospitalized COVID-19 patients	Li,  C,  Jiang, et al	Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	Background: Cardiac injury, as measured by troponin elevation, has been reported among hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and portends a poor prognosis. However, how the dynamics of troponin elevation interplay with inflammation and coagulation biomarkers over time is unknown. We assessed longitudinal follow-up of cardiac injury, inflammation and coagulation markers in relation to disease severity and outcome. Methods: We retrospectively assessed 2068 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 between January 29 and April 1, 2020 at Tongji Hospital in Wuhan, China. We defined cardiac injury as an increase in high sensitivity cardiac troponin-I (hs-cTnI) above the 99th of the upper reference limit. We explored the dynamics of elevation in hs-cTnI and the relationship with inflammation (interleukin IL]-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-2 receptor, tumor necrosis factor-α, C-reactive protein) and coagulation (d-dimer, fibrinogen, international normalized ratio) markers in non-critically ill versus critically ill patients longitudinally and further correlated these markers to survivors and non-survivors. Results: Median age was 63 years (first to third quartile 51–70 years), 51.4% of whom were women. When compared to non-critically ill patients (N = 1592, 77.0%), critically ill (defined as requiring mechanical ventilation, in shock or multiorgan failure) patients (N = 476, 23.0%), had more frequent cardiac injury on admission (30.3% vs. 2.3%, p < 0.001), with increased mortality during hospitalization (38.4% vs. 0%, p < 0.001). Among critically ill patients, non-survivors (N = 183) had a continuous increase in hs-cTnI levels during hospitalization, while survivors (N = 293) showed a decrease in hs-cTnI level between day 4 and 7 after admission. Specifically, cardiac injury is an independent marker of mortality among critically ill patients at admission, day 4–7 and 8–14. Consistent positive correlations between hs-cTnI and interleukin (IL)-6 on admission (r = 0.59), day 4–7 (r = 0.66) and day 8–14 (r = 0.61; all p < 0.001) and d-dimer (at the same timepoints r = 0.54; 0.65; 0.61, all p < 0.001) were observed. A similar behavior was observed between hs-cTnI and most of other biomarkers of inflammation and coagulation. Conclusions: Cardiac injury commonly occurs in critically ill COVID-19 patients, with increased levels of hs-cTnI beyond day 3 since admission portending a poor prognosis. A consistent positive correlation of hs-cTnI with IL-6 and d-dimer at several timepoints along hospitalization could suggest nonspecific cytokine-mediated cardiotoxicity. © 2020
Engineered interferon alpha effectively improves clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients	Li,  Chuan,  Luo, et al	Research Square prepub	Clinical data| Données cliniques Therapeutics| Thérapeutique RCT	Interferons are key to the antiviral host defense, yet the therapeutic value of interferon for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is unknown. Recombinant super-compound interferon (rSIFN-co) is a new genetically engineered interferon, thus we conducted a multicenter, randomized controlled trial (ChiCTR2000029638) to evaluate the efficacy and safety of recombinant super-compound interferon versus traditional interferon alpha added to baseline antiviral agents (lopinavir–ritonavir or umifenovir) for the treatment of moderate-to-severe COVID-19. Participants received rSIFN-co (12 million international units IU], twice daily) or interferon alpha (5 million IU, twice daily) nebulization added to baseline antiviral agents for no more than 28 days. The primary outcome was the time to clinical improvement. Secondary outcomes included the overall rate of clinical improvement assessed on day 28，the time to radiological improvement and virus nucleic acid negative conversion, and adverse events. 94 patients hospitalized with moderate-to-severe COVID-19 were included in the safety set (46 patients assigned to rSIFN-co group, 48 to interferon alpha group). Individuals in the rSIFN-co group showed shorter time to clinical improvement (11.5 days vs 14.0 days; P = 0.019) as compared to those in the interferon alpha group. The overall rate of clinical improvement on day 28 was much higher in the rSIFN-co group than that in the interferon alpha group (93.5% vs 77.1%; difference, 16.4%; 95% confidence interval 3% to 30%). The time to radiological improvement and the time to virus nucleic acid negative conversion were also much shorter in the rSIFN-co group (8.0 days vs 10.0 days, P = 0.002; 7.0 days vs 10.0 days, P = 0.018, respectively). Adverse events were reported in 13 (28.3%) patients in the rSIFN-co group and 18 (37.5%) patients in the interferon alpha group. No patients died during the study. Our study showed that rSIFN-co added to antiviral agents was safe and more efficient than interferon alpha plus antiviral agents in the treatment of moderate-to-severe COVID-19. Future clinical study of rSIFN-co therapy alone or combined with other antiviral therapy is warranted.
Preliminary study on relationships among nutritional risk, serum prealbumin, and peripheral blood T cell subsets in patients with severe COVID-19	Li,  Y,  Sun, et al	Infect Dis (Lond)	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	This study, and aimed to collect the admission sickness time, nutritional risk screening 2002 score, 9 prealbumin level on admission, number of CD4 + T cells and CD8 + T cells, in order to find the relationships between NRS2002 score and age/gender/sickness time.
2019-nCoV Transmission in Hubei Province, China: Stochastic and Deterministic Analyses	Li,  Z,  Teng, et al	Complexity	Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Transmission	Currently, a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) causes an outbreak of viral pneumonia in Hubei province, China. In this paper, stochastic and deterministic models are proposed to investigate the transmission mechanism of 2019-nCoV from 15 January to 5 February 2020 in Hubei province. For the deterministic model, basic reproduction number R0 is defined and endemic equilibrium is given. Under R0>1, quasi-stationary distribution of the stochastic process is approximated by Gaussian diffusion. Residual, sensitivity, dynamical, and diffusion analyses of the models are conducted. Further, control variables are introduced to the deterministic model and optimal strategies are provided. Based on empirical results, we suggest that the first and most important thing is to control input, screening, treatment, and isolation. © 2020 Zhiming Li et al.
Smell dysfunction in COVID-19 patients: More than a yes-no question	Lima,  MA,  Silva, et al	Journal of the neurological sciences	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	Anosmia has been recognized as a prevalent and early symptom by many COVID-19 patients. However, most researchers have recorded smell dysfunction solely as present or absent and based on subjective evaluation by patients. We described the results of 57 consecutive COVID-19 patients seen at FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from April to May 2020. Data about the presence of smell loss, the onset of smell loss and other COVID-19 symptoms such as ageusia and nasal congestion or rhinorrhea were recorded. All patients at the initial consultation and 34 healthy controls underwent the Q-SIT, which is a quick disposable three-item smell identification test, by a trained physician. We compared three groups: healthy controls, COVID+ patients with reported smell loss (COVID w/ SL) and COVID+ patients without smell loss (COVID+ w/o SL). The mean age of patients was 41.4 years (SD ± 10.4), and 54.4% were women. Smell loss was reported by 40.4% of COVID-19 patients. We observed a gradual effect with higher Q-SIT scores in healthy controls, followed by COVID+ w/o SL and COVID+ w/ SL (medians = 3, 2 and 0; respectively, p < 0.001). Anosmia or severe microsmia (Q-SIT≤1) was present in 11.1% (CI: 3.1%–26.1%) of controls, 32.4% (CI: 17.4%–50.5%) of COVID-19 w/o SL and 87% (CI: 66.4%–97.2%) of COVID+ w/ SL (p < 0.001). This study provides evidence that olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19 is common and more prevalent than what is perceived by patients. Q-SIT is a quick and reliable screening test for the detection of smell dysfunction during the pandemics. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.
COVID-19 with asthma: A case report	Liu,  AL,  Xu, et al	World Journal of Clinical Cases	Clinical data| Données cliniques	BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a public health emergency of international concern. The global population lacks immunity to COVID-19 and is generally susceptible. Underlying conditions, especially chronic respiratory diseases, may affect progression, treatment and prognosis of COVID-19. CASE SUMMARY We report a patient with confirmed COVID-19 combined with asthma. It took 41 d from disease onset to discharge to obtain two negative tests for this coronavirus. CONCLUSION This case indicates the dynamic clinical characteristics, laboratory and computed tomography findings and adjustment of treatment, and the possible relationship between glucocorticoid therapy and coronavirus clearance. © The Author(s) 2020.
The role of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and lymphocyte-monocyte ratio in the prognosis of type 2 diabetics with COVID-19	Liu,  G,  Zhang, et al	Scott Med J	Clinical data| Données cliniques	OBJECTIVES: To assess the prognostic value of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, lymphocyte-monocyte ratio and red cell distribution width in type 2 diabetics with COVID-19. METHODS: We collected the data of type 2 diabetics with COVID-19 treated in our hospital from January 28 to March 15, 2020 and performed a retrospective analysis. Using severity, duration of hospital stay, and the time required for nucleic acid results became negative as prognostic indicators, we explored the relationship between these inflammation-based markers and prognosis of type 2 diabetics with COVID-19. RESULTS: A total of 134 type 2 diabetics with COVID-19 were selected for this study. Correlation analysis showed that NLR, LMR and RDW were correlated with prognosis (P < 0.05). In multivariate regression analysis after controlling for the relevant confounding factors, COVID-19 diabetes patients with higher NLR had heavier severity, longer duration of hospital stay, more time required for nucleic acid results became negative, and heavier hospital expenses (P < 0.05). ROC curve result displayed that higher NLR predicted all prognostic indicators with statistical significance, and lower LMR predicted severe and extremely severe with statistical significance (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: NLR is a more powerful and practical marker for predicting the prognosis of type 2 diabetic COVID-19 patients that is simple and fast.
Forecasting Confirmed Cases, Deaths, and Recoveries from COVID-19 in China during the Early Stage	Liu,  L,  Chen, et al	Mathematical Problems in Engineering	Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie	To provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of COVID-19 in China, confirmed cases, deaths, and recoveries from COVID-19 in China were predicted using a fractional grey model. The results indicated that the grey model has high forecasting accuracy in the prediction of disease spread. © 2020 Lianyi Liu et al.
Personality and perceived stress during COVID-19 pandemic: Testing the mediating role of perceived threat and efficacy	Liu,  S,  Lithopoulos, et al	Personality and Individual Differences	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	In an online survey of a representative sample of Canadian adults (n = 1055), we found that higher neuroticism and extroversion were associated with higher levels of stress during the pandemic and a greater increase in stress levels compared to levels before the pandemic. Perceived threat and efficacy significantly mediated the relationship between neuroticism and stress, which suggested that individuals with higher neuroticism experienced higher levels of stress due to higher levels of perceived threat and lower levels of efficacy. Perceived threat did not mediate the relationship between extroverts and stress, which suggested that the source of stress may stem from elsewhere (e.g., inability to socialize). Our findings highlighted that personality traits could be an important factor in identifying stress-prone individuals during a pandemic and that stress management interventions need to be personality specific.
Describing the trend of ammonia, particulate matter and nitrogen oxides: The role of livestock activities in northern Italy during Covid-19 quarantine	Lovarelli,  D,  Conti, et al	Environmental research	Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique	This study aims to analyze NH3, PM2.5 and NOx emissions in principal livestock provinces in the Lombardy region (Brescia, Cremona, Lodi, and Mantua) to evaluate if and how air emissions have changed during this quarantine period respect to 2016–2019. In the 2020 selected period, PM2.5 reduction was higher compared to the previous years, especially in February and March. Respect to February, PM2.5 released in March in the city stations reduced by 19%–32% in 2016–2019 and by 21%–41% in 2020. Similarly, NOx data of 2020 were lower than in the 2016–2019 period (reduction in March respect to February of 22–42% for 2016–2019 and of 43–62% for 2020); in particular, this can be observed in city stations, because of the current reduction in anthropogenic emissions related to traffic and industrial activities. A different trend with no reductions was observed for NH3 emissions, as agricultural activities have not stopped during the lockdown. Air quality is affected by many variables, for which making conclusions requires a holistic perspective. Therefore, all sectors must play a role to contribute to the reduction of harmful pollutants.
First report of manic-like symptoms in a COVID-19 patient with no previous history of a psychiatric disorder	Lu,  S,  Wei, et al	Journal of affective disorders	Clinical data| Données cliniques	Background: In December 2019, the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection was first reported in Wuhan city, central China, which has spread rapidly. The common clinical features of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection included fever, fatigue, and damage to the respiratory or digestive system. However, it is still unclear whether SARS-CoV-2 infection could cause damage to the central nervous system (CNS) inducing psychiatric symptoms. Case report: Herein, we present the first case of SARS-CoV-2 infection with manic-like symptoms and describe the diagnosis, clinical course, and treatment of the case, focusing on the identifications of SARS-CoV-2 in the specimen of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The patient developed manic-like symptoms when his vital signs recovered on illness day 17. After manic-like attack, the detection of SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG antibody in CSF was positive, while the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on CSF for the SARS-CoV-2 was negative. The patient received Olanzapine for treatment and his mood problems concurrently improved as indicated by scores of Young Manic Rating Scale (YMRS). Limitation: This is a single case report only, and the RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 in CSF was not performed simultaneously when SARS-CoV-2 was positive in samples of sputum and stool. Conclusion: This first case of COVID-19 patient with manic-like symptoms highlights the importance of evaluation of mental health status and may contribute to our understanding of potential risk of CNS impairments by SARS-CoV-2 infection. © 2020
No intrauterine vertical transmission in pregnancy with COVID-19: A case report	Lv,  Y,  Gu, et al	Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy	Transmission Clinical data| Données cliniques	The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been a worldwide pandemic diseases, nearly 400,000 people died at now. The data of status of pregnant women and neonates after infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) is limited. We report a case of pregnant woman in her third trimester with critical COVID-19, and amniotic fluid, umbilical cord blood, placenta, and neonatal gastric fluid were retained during cesarean section. The SARS-COV-2 nucleic acid test results of these specimens were negative. There is no evidence of intrauterine vertical transmission during delivery in the third trimester, but the data are limited and need to be further explored. © 2020 Japanese Society of Chemotherapy and The Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases
Coinfection of SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory pathogens	Ma,  L,  Wang, et al	Infection and Drug Resistance	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	Purpose: To differentiate between respiratory infections caused by SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory pathogens during the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan, we simultaneously tested for SARS-CoV-2 and pathogens associated with CAP to determine the incidence and impact of respiratory coinfections in COVID-19 patients. Patients and Methods: We included 250 patients who were diagnosed with COVID-19. RT-PCR was used to detect influenza A, influenza B and respiratory syncytial viruses. Chemiluminescence immunoassays were used to detect IgM antibodies for adenovirus, Chlamydia pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae in the serum of patients. Based on these results, we divided the patients into two groups, the simple SARS-CoV-2-infected group and the coinfected SARS-COV-2 group. Coinfected patients were then further categorized as having a coinfection of viral pathogen (CoIV) or coinfection of atypical bacterial pathogen (CoIaB). Results: No statistically significant differences were found in age, gender, the time taken to return negative SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test results, length of hospital stays, and mortality between the simple SARS-CoV-2 infection group and the coinfection group. Of the 250 hospitalized COVID-19 patients, 39 (15.6%) tested positive for at least one respiratory pathogen in addition to SARS-CoV-2. A third of these pathogens were detected as early as the 1st week after symptom onset and another third were identified after more than three weeks. The most detected CAP pathogen was C. pneumoniae (5.2%), followed by the respiratory syncytial virus (4.8%), M. pneumoniae (4.4%) and adenovirus (2.8%). Patients coinfected with viral pathogens (CoIV) (n=18) had longer hospital stays when compared to patients coinfected with atypical bacterial pathogens (CoIaB) (n=21). Except for one fatality, the remaining 38 coinfected patients all recovered with favourable outcomes. Conclusion: Coinfections in COVID-19 patients are common. The coinfecting pathogens can be detected at variable intervals during COVID-19 disease course and remain an important consideration in targeted treatment strategies for COVID-19 patients. © 2020 Ma et al.
Analysing the impact of COVID-19 on over-the-top media platforms in India	Madnani,  D,  Fernandes, et al	International Journal of Pervasive Computing and Communications	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	This study aims to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on over-the-top (OTT) platforms in India, as it has led to reshaping consumer content preferences. The authors have conducted primary research by doing a survey and focus group discussion. The findings of this study show that lockdown has played a major role in the increase in viewership of OTT platforms, as people working from home are also using OTT platforms more. The average hours spent on OTT have increased from 0–2 to 2–5 h and average spending that users are willing to make on OTT platforms is Rs 100–300 (per month). The satisfaction level of customers is directly related to space to watch with family, time to use OTT platforms, the quality of content on OTT platforms and preference of OTT platform over television. Also, factors such as age group, occupation, city and income groups also determine the usage of the OTT platform.
Coronavirus disease 2019 presenting with rhabdomyolysis	Mah,  TJ,  Lum, et al	Proceedings of Singapore Healthcare	Clinical data| Données cliniques	Rhabdomyolysis is a clinical condition characterised by the breakdown of skeletal muscle. It has been attributed to viral infections. We describe a case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a young male who presented with rhabdomyolysis. Myalgia and fatigue are common complaints in COVID-19 patients. We suggest that patients with COVID-19 be screened for rhabdomyolysis in order to facilitate early treatment with intravenous hydration, thus preventing complications such as acute kidney injury. © The Author(s) 2020.
Subjective wellbeing of italian healthcare professionals during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak: A quasi-experiment	Makowiecki,  M,  Ungaretti, et al	International Journal of Wellbeing	Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	Italy was one of the strongest hit countries from the SARS-CoV-2 and the healthcare system was put under exceptional stress during the outbreak. The lockdown imposed on the population put the economy on hold and opened the way for a crisis that would have an impact on the healthcare system and the economy of the country. This study compares levels of subjective wellbeing among healthcare professionals before the outbreak and during the most critical moment of the lockdown, when Italy was the first country in the world by number of infections. Subjective wellbeing was measured with emotional wellbeing, job satisfaction, global happiness and satisfaction with life. Each measure was compared before and during the outbreak as well as among different subgroups of respondents. A special attention was put on inequalities in professional level, gender and educational level as well as their effect on subjective wellbeing. The study finds that while emotional wellbeing had a slight decrease, other measures were untouched and job satisfaction even increased during the lockdown period. Present wellbeing differences based in inequalities in professional and educational level were lifted once professionals were fighting the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. This decrease in inequalities and increase in job satisfaction might be strongly related to a newfound trust in healthcare professionals, a high gratitude from the population and a feeling of accomplishment and meaning as described in the PERMA model. The findings of this study should help healthcare organizations to keep inequalities low as well as other organizations to apply those learnings in their structure. © 2020, International Journal of Wellbeing Charitable Trust. All rights reserved.
Secondary Bacterial Infections in Patients With Viral Pneumonia	Manohar,  P,  Loh, et al	Frontiers in Medicine	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	Pulmonary diseases of viral origin are often followed by the manifestation of secondary infections, leading to further clinical complications and negative disease outcomes. Thus, research on secondary infections is essential. Here, we review clinical data of secondary bacterial infections developed after the onset of pulmonary viral infections. We review the most recent clinical data and current knowledge of secondary bacterial infections and their treatment in SARS-CoV-2 positive patients; case reports from SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV2 and the best-studied respiratory virus, influenza, are described. We outline treatments used or prophylactic measures employed for secondary bacterial infections. This evaluation includes recent clinical reports of pulmonary viral infections, including those by COVID-19, that reference secondary infections. Where data was provided for COVID-19 patients, a mortality rate of 15.2% due to secondary bacterial infections was observed for patients with pneumonia (41 of 268). Most clinicians treated patients with SARS-CoV-2 infections with prophylactic antibiotics (63.7%, n = 1,901), compared to 73.5% (n = 3,072) in all clinical reports of viral pneumonia included in this review. For all cases of viral pneumonia, a mortality rate of 10.9% due to secondary infections was observed (53 of 482). Most commonly, quinolones, cephalosporins and macrolides were administered, but also the glycopeptide vancomycin. Several bacterial pathogens appear to be prevalent as causative agents of secondary infections, including antibiotic-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. © Copyright © 2020 Manohar, Loh, Nachimuthu, Hua, Welburn and Leptihn.
Mild COVID-19 infection in a group of teriflunomide-treated patients with multiple sclerosis	Mantero,  V,  Baroncini, et al	J Neurol	Clinical data| Données cliniques	A case series of six multiple sclerosis patients treated with teriflunomide that developed a self-limiting COVID-19 infection.
Association of vitamin D with the modulation of the disease severity in COVID-19	Mardani,  R,  Alamdary, et al	Virus Res	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	In late 2019, SARS-CoV-2 started to spread throughout the world causing the COVID-19 that has taken a considerable number of lives. Results obtained from several investigations have explained the virus origin, pathogenicity, and transmission. Similar to SARS coronavirus, the pulmonary angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) 2 was introduced as the virus receptor for entering the cell. An increased body of epidemiological and clinical evidences has shown modulating effects of vitamin D in lung injuries through several mechanisms. Several clinical symptoms as well as molecular factors have shown to be related to the disease transmission and severity. In this study, vitamin D, ACE concentrations, and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were measured in patients with confirmed COVID-19 in comparison with control group. Results demonstrated significant alterations in vitamin D and ACE levels as well as NLR in the patients' group. Contribution of those factors with the prognosis and severity of the disease has been shown.
Distances of transmission risk of Covid-19 inside dwellings and evaluation of the effectiveness of reciprocal proximity warning sounds	Marín-García,  D,  Moyano-Campos, et al	Indoor air	Transmission Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique	One of the main modes of transmission and propagation of Covid-19 (SARS-CoV-2) is the direct contact with respiratory droplets transmitted among individuals at a certain distance. There are indoor spaces, such as dwellings, in which the transmission risk is high. This research aims to record and analyse risk close contacts in this scope, experimentally assessing the effectiveness of using electronic proximity warning sound devices or systems. For this purpose, the methodology is based on monitoring the location of the occupants of a dwelling. Then, the days in which a proximity warning sound system is installed and activated are compared to the days in which the system is not activated. The results stressed the significant reduction of time and number of close contacts among individuals when the warning was activated. Regarding the relation between the number and the duration of close contacts, together with the reductions mentioned, the possibility of making certain predictions based on the distributions obtained is proved. All this contributes to the progress in the prevention of Covid- 19 transmission because of close contacts in dwellings.
Mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: Effects of stay-at-home policies, social distancing behavior, and social resources	Marroquín,  B,  Vine, et al	Psychiatry research	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	Social distancing is the most visible public health response to the COVID-19 pandemic, but its implications for mental health are unknown. In a nationwide online sample of 435 U.S. adults, conducted in March 2020 as the pandemic accelerated and states implemented stay-at-home orders, we examined whether stay-at-home orders and individuals’ personal distancing behavior were associated with symptoms of depression, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), intrusive thoughts, insomnia, and acute stress. Stay-at-home order status and personal distancing were independently associated with higher symptoms, beyond protective effects of available social resources (social support and social network size). A subsample of 118 participants who had completed symptom measures earlier in the outbreak (February 2020) showed increases in depression and GAD between February and March, and personal distancing behavior was associated with these increases. Findings suggest that there are negative mental health correlates of social distancing, which should be addressed in research, policy, and clinical approaches to the COVID-19 pandemic. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.
Pancytopenia during SARS-CoV-2 infection	Martín Pozuelo Ruiz de Pascual,  R,  López Pardo, et al	Medicina clinica	Clinical data| Données cliniques	COVID-19 case report of a 77 year-old woman with pancytopenia.
Monocyte activation in systemic Covid-19 infection: Assay and rationale	Martinez,  FO,  Combes, et al	EBioMedicine	Clinical data| Données cliniques Immunology | Immunologie	Mononuclear phagocytes are a widely distributed family of cells contributing to innate and adaptive immunity. Circulating monocytes and tissue macrophages participate in all stages of SARS COVID-19. They contribute to comorbidities predisposing to clinical infection, virus resistance and dissemination, and to host factors that determine disease severity, recovery and sequelae. Assays are available to detect viral infection and antibody responses, but no adequate tests have been developed to measure the activation level of monocytes and tissue macrophages, and the risk of progression to a fatal hyperinflammatory syndrome. Blood monocytes provide a window on the systemic immune response, from production to tissue recruitment, reflecting the impact of infection on the host. Ready availability of blood makes it possible to monitor severity and the risk of potentially lethal complications, by developing tests to assess the status of monocyte activation and its potential for further inflammatory dysregulation after recruitment to tissues and during recovery. © 2020 The Authors
Coronavirus Optimization Algorithm: A Bioinspired Metaheuristic Based on the COVID-19 Propagation Model	Martínez-Álvarez,  F,  Asencio-Cortés, et al	Big data	Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie	This study proposes a novel bioinspired metaheuristic simulating how the coronavirus spreads and infects healthy people. From a primary infected individual (patient zero), the coronavirus rapidly infects new victims, creating large populations of infected people who will either die or spread infection. Relevant terms such as reinfection probability, super-spreading rate, social distancing measures, or traveling rate are introduced into the model to simulate the coronavirus activity as accurately as possible. The infected population initially grows exponentially over time, but taking into consideration social isolation measures, the mortality rate, and number of recoveries, the infected population gradually decreases. The coronavirus optimization algorithm has two major advantages when compared with other similar strategies. First, the input parameters are already set according to the disease statistics, preventing researchers from initializing them with arbitrary values. Second, the approach has the ability to end after several iterations, without setting this value either. Furthermore, a parallel multivirus version is proposed, where several coronavirus strains evolve over time and explore wider search space areas in less iterations. Finally, the metaheuristic has been combined with deep learning models, to find optimal hyperparameters during the training phase. As application case, the problem of electricity load time series forecasting has been addressed, showing quite remarkable performance.
DatAC: A visual analytics platform to explore climate and air quality indicators associated with the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain	Martorell-Marugán,  J,  Villatoro-García, et al	Science of the Total Environment	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique	Here, we present DatAC (Data Against COVID-19), a data fusion project with an interactive web frontend that integrates COVID-19 and environmental data in Spain. DatAC is provided with powerful data analysis and statistical capabilities that allow users to explore and analyze individual trends and associations among the provided data. Using the application, we have evaluated the impact of the Spanish lockdown on the air quality, observing that NO2, CO, PM2.5, PM10 and SO2 levels decreased drastically in the entire territory, while O3 levels increased. We observed similar trends in urban and rural areas, although the impact has been more important in the former. Moreover, the application allowed us to analyze correlations among climate factors, such as ambient temperature, and the incidence of COVID-19 in Spain. Our results indicate that temperature is not the driving factor and without effective control actions, outbreaks will appear and warm weather will not substantially limit the growth of the pandemic. DatAC is available at https://covid19.genyo.es.
PMC7300933; Changes in Liver Transplant Center Practice in Response to Coronavirus Disease 2019: Unmasking Dramatic Center-Level Variability	Massoumi,  H,  Rocca, et al	Liver Transpl	Clinical data| Données cliniques Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	We read the recently published article by Drs. Agopian, Verna and Goldberg (1) with great interest. The authors have provided an important assessment of liver transplant volumes across the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) regions from February to March of 2019 and 2020. The study revealed a significant center‐based difference in volume of transplant particularly among centers located in the same metropolitan areas including New York City.
Pooled Testing for SARS-CoV-2 in Hospitalized Patients	Mastrianni,  D,  Falivena, et al	Journal of hospital medicine	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	Viral testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), particularly early in the COVID-19 pandemic, was limited by supply of reagents. We pooled nasopharyngeal samples from patients at low risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in groups of 3 for testing. Three weeks of testing using this strategy resulted in 530 patient tests in 179 cartridges; 4 positive test groups required the use of 11 additional cartridges with an overall positive rate of 0.8% in a low-risk population. This strategy resulted in the use of 340 fewer cartridges than if each test were performed on one patient sample. Pooled testing of low-risk populations allows for continued testing even when supplies are relatively scarce.
Postpartum depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan: The first quantitative evidence	Matsushima,  Midori,  Horiguchi, et al	Research Square prepub	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	Purpose: This study explores postpartum depression during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan. Methods: An online survey was conducted from May 31 to June 6, 2020 and obtained 2,878 responses from mothers with infants less than 12 months. Results: The point prevalence of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale score of ≥ 9 was 26.96%. Logistic regression analysis indicated a negative association between the COVID-19 pandemic and mental well-being. Conclusion: In particular, our results indicate the importance of social support and economic recovery in ameliorating mental health of mothers in the postpartum period.
Green tax reform in Australia in the presence of improved environment-induced productivity gain: Does it offer sustainable recovery from a Post-COVID-19 recession?	Maxim,  MR,  Zander, et al	Sustainability (Switzerland)	Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Economics | Économie	Disasters and pandemics such as COVID-19 will change the world in many ways and the road to redemption from the ongoing economic distress may require a novel approach. This paper proposes a path towards economic recovery that keeps sustainability at the forefront. A computable general equilibrium model is used to simulate different green tax reform (GTR) policies for triple dividend (TD), consisting of lower emissions, higher GDP and higher employment. The GTR design consists of an energy tax coupled with one of three tax revenue recycle methods: (i) reduction of payroll tax, (ii) reduction of goods and services tax (GST) and (iii) a mixed-recycling approach. The paper also presents the impact of higher productivity on the tax reform simulations, which is a possible positive externality of lower emissions. The study is based on the Australian economy and the salient findings are twofold: (i) productivity gain in the GTR context improves the GDP and employment outcomes in all three different simulation scenarios and (ii) GST reduction has the highest TD potential, followed by reduction of payroll tax. © 2020 by the authors.
Putative SARS-CoV-2 Mpro Inhibitors from an In-House Library of Natural and Nature-Inspired Products: A Virtual Screening and Molecular Docking Study	Mazzini,  S,  Musso, et al	Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)	Therapeutics| Thérapeutique	A novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2) has been the cause of a recent global pandemic. The highly contagious nature of this life-threatening virus makes it imperative to find therapies to counteract its diffusion. The main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 is a promising drug target due to its indispensable role in viral replication inside the host. Using a combined two-steps approach of virtual screening and molecular docking techniques, we have screened an in-house collection of small molecules, mainly composed of natural and nature-inspired compounds. The molecules were selected with high structural diversity to cover a wide range of chemical space into the enzyme pockets. Virtual screening experiments were performed using the blind docking mode of the AutoDock Vina software. Virtual screening allowed the selection of structurally heterogeneous compounds capable of interacting effectively with the enzymatic site of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. The compounds showing the best interaction with the protein were re-scored by molecular docking as implemented in AutoDock, while the stability of the complexes was tested by molecular dynamics. The most promising candidates revealed a good ability to fit into the protein binding pocket and to reach the catalytic dyad. There is a high probability that at least one of the selected scaffolds could be promising for further research.
COVID-19 Forecasts for Cuba Using Logistic Regression and Gompertz Curves	Medina-Mendieta,  J,  Cortés-Cortés, et al	MEDICC review	Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie	INTRODUCTION On March 11, 2020, WHO declared COVID-19 a pandemic and called on governments to impose drastic measures to fi ght it. It is vitally important for government health authorities and leaders to have reliable estimates of infected cases and deaths in order to apply the necessary measures with the resources at their disposal. OBJECTIVE Test the validity of the logistic regression and Gompertz curve to forecast peaks of confi rmed cases and deaths in Cuba, as well as total number of cases. METHODS An inferential, predictive study was conducted using lo-gistic and Gompertz growth curves, adjusted with the least squares method and informatics tools for analysis and prediction of growth in COVID-19 cases and deaths. Italy and Spain-countries that have passed the initial peak of infection rates-were studied, and it was inferred from the results of these countries that their models were ap-plicable to Cuba. This hypothesis was tested by applying goodness-of-fi t and signifi cance tests on its parameters.RESULTS Both models showed good fi t, low mean square errors, and all parameters were highly signifi cant. CONCLUSIONS The validity of models was confi rmed based on logis-tic regression and the Gompertz curve to forecast the dates of peak infections and deaths, as well as total number of cases in Cuba. KEYWORDS COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, logistic models, pandemic, mortality, Cuba.
The Prevalence of COVID-19 Symptoms in Syria: A Cross-Sectional Study	MHD Alhaffar,  Bahaa Aldin,  Abbas, et al	Research Square prepub	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	Introduction: The corona virus disease 2019 is a disease caused by the newly discovered human infecting SARS-Co V-2 virus. The COVID-19 virus is highly transmittable, by August 14, 2020, more than 20 million people were confirmed to have COVID-19 worldwide, with more than 750,000 death. Syria was declared to have one of most vulnerable health systems in the world, with poor surveillance systems, unstable conditions, no standardized method for reporting infections, lack of sufficient public awareness, and a continued deterioration of humanitarian and socio-economic conditions across Syria. Objectives: to investigate the prevalence of COVID-19 symptoms among the Syrian population. Methods: this is a cross sectional study in Damascus – Syria, data were collected during August, 2020 using an online questionnaire that contained 3 section (demographic variables, awareness of COVID-19, symptoms of COVID-19) and analyzed using SPSS v.22. Results: 5212 people were included in the study, 59% females and 41% males, 9.6% had chronic medical conditions. 63.4% reported experiencing COVID-19 symptoms during the past 6 months, symptoms lasted 6.9 days on average, the most prevalent symptoms were as anosmia and dysgeusia (42.2%), headache (67.1%), fatigue (70%). Symptoms were significantly more prevalent in the past 14 days (P=0.000). Conclusion: Within the limits of this study, high prevalence of covid-19 symptoms was noticed in the Syrian population. Significant correlation was made between the severity and duration of the symptoms. Measures to slow down spread of COVID-19 need to be taken immediately.
Haemodynamic monitoring and management in COVID-19 intensive care patients: an International survey	Michard,  F,  Malbrain, et al	Anaesthesia Critical Care and Pain Medicine	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	Purpose: To survey haemodynamic monitoring and management practices in intensive care patients with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: A questionnaire was shared on social networks or via email by the authors and by Anaesthesia and/or Critical Care societies from France, Switzerland, Belgium, Brazil, and Portugal. Intensivists and anaesthetists involved in COVID-19 ICU care were invited to answer 14 questions about haemodynamic monitoring and management. Results: Globally, 1000 questionnaires were available for analysis. Responses came mainly from Europe (n = 460) and America (n = 434). According to a majority of respondents, COVID-19 ICU patients frequently or very frequently received continuous vasopressor support (56%) and had an echocardiography performed (54%). Echocardiography revealed a normal cardiac function, a hyperdynamic state (43%), hypovolaemia (22%), a left ventricular dysfunction (21%) and a right ventricular dilation (20%). Fluid responsiveness was frequently assessed (84%), mainly using echo (62%), and cardiac output was measured in 69%, mostly with echo as well (53%). Venous oxygen saturation was frequently measured (79%), mostly from a CVC blood sample (94%). Tissue perfusion was assessed biologically (93%) and clinically (63%). Pulmonary oedema was detected and quantified mainly using echo (67%) and chest X-ray (61%). Conclusion: Our survey confirms that vasopressor support is not uncommon in COVID-19 ICU patients and suggests that different haemodynamic phenotypes may be observed. Ultrasounds were used by many respondents, to assess cardiac function but also to predict fluid responsiveness and quantify pulmonary oedema. Although we observed regional differences, current international guidelines were followed by most respondents. © 2020 Société française d'anesthésie et de réanimation (Sfar)
Compliance with containment measures to the COVID-19 pandemic over time: Do antisocial traits matter?	Miguel,  FK,  Machado, et al	Personality and Individual Differences	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	This study investigated the relationships between antisocial traits and compliance with COVID-19 containment measures. The sample consisted of 1578 Brazilian adults aged 18–73 years. Findings show lower levels of empathy and higher levels of Callousness, Deceitfulness, and Risk-taking are associated with lower compliance with containment measures. The increase in COVID-19 cases in the country are not associated with people's adherence to containment measures.
A Study on Challenges to Health Care Delivery Faced by Cancer Patients in India During the COVID-19 Pandemic	Mitra,  M,  Basu, et al	Journal of Primary Care and Community Health	Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	This study was undertaken with the objective to study the challenges faced by cancer patients in India during the COVID-19 pandemic.  Slot availability for teleconsultation, network issues, deferral of radiotherapy dates and long waiting hours beyond appointment time, transportation problems from residence to hospital, restriction of visitors/attendants, deferral of surgery, deferral of tumor boards, delay and deferral of advice of the nutritionist, problems faced in extension of visa, unavailability of peer group support services and psychological counseling sessions, difficulty in maintaining precautionary measures, availability of chemotherapy medications and availability of chemotherapy slots in day care were cited as problems faced by cancer patients. Majority (91.7%) of the study respondents mentioned an increase in their anxiety levels.
PMC7434315; Renin-Angiotensin System overactivation in polycystic ovary syndrome, a risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection?	Moin,  ASM,  Sathyapalan, et al	Metabol Open	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) overactivity has been described in Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity. These conditions represent high risk for COVID-19 infection and severe disease. Renin-Angiotensin System overactivation is present in PCOS and is independent of obesity. Women with PCOS may be predisposed to more severe COVID-19 infection.
Wellbeing costs of technology use during Covid-19 remote working: An investigation using the Italian translation of the technostress creators scale	Molino,  M,  Ingusci, et al	Sustainability (Switzerland)	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	The present study had a double aim: to test the psychometric characteristics of the Italian translation of the brief version of the technostress creators scale and to apply the scale to investigate technostress during the Covid-19 emergency. Results confirmed the three-factor structure of the Italian technostress creators scale and highlighted positive relationships between workload, techno-stressors, work–family conflict and behavioural stress. The role of remote working conditions has been analysed as well. The study provided a useful tool for the investigation of technostress in the Italian context. Moreover, it provided indications for practice in the field of remote working and workers’ wellbeing.
How has COVID-19 modified training and mood in professional and non-professional football players?	Mon-López,  D,  García-Aliaga, et al	Physiology and Behavior	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	175 Spanish professional and non-professional association football players answered an online survey about demographic and training habits, as well as two validated questionnaires to assess psychological variables (POMS and WLEIS-S). The results showed that the confinement period reduced the load of training (p < 0.01), and modified the sleeping behaviour (both, sleep time (p < 0.05) and quality (p < 0.001)) across soccer players. Higher emotional intelligence (EI) values were positively related to training variables and strongly correlated with the mood. Interestingly, athletes’ mood was affected differently depending on gender.
How COVID-19 Patients Were Moved to Speak: A Rehabilitation Interdisciplinary Case Series	Mooney,  B,  Lawrence, et al	HSS Journal	Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	We sought to determine the outcomes of a collaboration between physical therapy (PT) and speech language pathology (SLP) in the treatment of patients who underwent tracheostomy placement as part of their treatment for COVID-19 at our facility. We found that time to tracheostomy from intubation for the three patients was 23 days, 20 days, and 24 days, respectively. Time from tracheostomy insertion to weaning from ventilator was 9 days for patient 1, and 5 days for patient 2 and patient 3. Regarding time to achieve functional PT and SLP milestones, all patients achieved upright sitting with PT prior to achieving initial SLP milestone of voicing with finger occlusion. Variations in progression to swallowing trials were patient specific and due to respiratory instability, cognitive deficits, and limitations in production of an effortful swallow. Patient participation in therapy sessions improved following establishment of oral verbal communication.
Adenovirus and novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov2) coinfection: A case report	Motta,  JC,  Gómez, et al	IDCases	Clinical data| Données cliniques	We report the case of a patient with poorly controlled diabetes, and he was admitted to the emergency department because of severe COVID-19 infection. He had unfavorable prognostic factors such as moderate oxygen impairment, positive D-dimer, increased lactate dehydrogenase and ferritin. Adenovirus was isolated in a respiratory viral panel. He developed ARDS and required pronation and neuromuscular relaxation in the ICU Hydroxychloroquine was administered as suggested by the national guidelines. The symptoms resolved, and hospital discharge was indicated. COVID-19 association with another respiratory virus is related with adverse clinical outcomes, such as shock, ventilatory support requirement and greater lymphopenia and thrombocytopenia.
Subcortical Myoclonus in Coronavirus Disease 2019: Comprehensive Evaluation of a Patient	Muccioli,  L,  Rondelli, et al	Movement Disorders Clinical Practice	Clinical data| Données cliniques	Myoclonus has been reported as a possible manifestation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), yet its neurophysiology and pathogenesis were poorly investigated. We describe a 58-year-old man with COVID‐19 who underwent extensive examinations for his disabling myoclonus.
Clinical immunity in discharged medical patients with COVID-19	Mumoli,  N,  Vitale, et al	International Journal of Infectious Diseases	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	No study has evaluated whether the presence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 confers immunity to the infection relapse but however, to date, no human reinfections with SARS-CoV-2 have been confirmed. In our prospective, multicenter, cohort study we investigated within three months all patients, with confirmed COVID-19, discharged from two Hospitals (Legnano and Magenta Hospitals), in an area of Italy severely affected by the infection. Of 1081 patients involved, 804 (74.3%) were discharged alive. For all these patients we obtained follow-up data. At 1 and 2 months none has died and none has had any signs of recurrence of infectious at both telephone interview and clinical visit. Our clinical observation have confirmed two basic points: the reinfection is very unlikely and any antibody immunity protects against recurrence, at least in the short term.
COVID-19-Related Fear and Health-Related Safety Behavior in Oncological Patients	Musche,  V,  Bäuerle, et al	Frontiers in Psychology	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	This study aimed to assess cancer patients’ psychological burden during the COVID-19 pandemic by investigating distress (distress-thermometer), health status (EQ-5D-3L), general anxiety (GAD-7), COVID-19-related fear and associated behavioral changes and comparing these to matched healthy controls.  This suggests that cancer patients are more likely to utilize adherent safety behavior. Cancer patients reported comparable levels of distress and anxiety compared to healthy controls. Still, the COVID-19 pandemic is associated with elevated COVID-19-related fear.
Severe pulmonary embolism revealing covid-19 infection: About a case and literature review	N’djessan,  JJ,  Gbassi, et al	Sang Thrombose Vaisseaux	Clinical data| Données cliniques	The authors report the case of a 49-year-old patient who had an acute respiratory distress with an infectious syndrome and biology of the coagulation system. The thoracic angiotomoden-sitometry had targeted bilateral pulmonary embolism and ground-glass opacity evoking an association with Covid-19 infection, confirmed by the detection of the coronavirus with the virology test.
Do social media platforms develop consumer panic buying during the fear of Covid-19 pandemic	Naeem,  M	Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	Data have been collected from thirty-four consumers who have minimum one active social media account. These participants are contacted through telephonic interview due to maintaining the social distancing. Findings reveal that uncertainties and insecurities proof, buying as persuasion, product unavailability proof, authorities' communication, global logic, and expert opinion are some of the causes on social media platforms that developed the situation of consumer panic buying during Covid-19 crises. The study has tried to develop understanding about how social media generates social proof and offers a window into people's collective response to the coronavirus outbreak and shapes panic buying reaction. The study has provided a consumer panic buying theory based on the results of this study and on existing theories, such as global capitalism/information society risk society, social influence, and social proof.
A Comparison of Whole Genome Sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 Using Amplicon-Based Sequencing, Random Hexamers, and Bait Capture	Nasir,  JA,  Kozak, et al	Viruses	Coronavirology| Coronavirologie	Here we compare Liverpool amplification, ARTIC amplification, and bait capture using clinical diagnostics samples. All libraries were sequenced using an Illumina MiniSeq with data analyzed using a standardized bioinformatics workflow (SARS-CoV-2 Illumina GeNome Assembly Line; SIGNAL). One sample showed poor SARS-CoV-2 genome coverage and consensus, reflective of low viral RNA concentration. In contrast, the second sample had a higher viral RNA concentration, which yielded good genome coverage and consensus. ARTIC amplification showed the highest depth of coverage results for both samples, suggesting this protocol is effective for low concentrations. Liverpool amplification provided a more even read coverage of the SARS-CoV-2 genome, but at a lower depth of coverage. Bait capture enrichment of SARS-CoV-2 cDNA provided results on par with amplification. While only two clinical samples were examined in this comparative analysis, both the Liverpool and ARTIC amplification methods showed differing efficacy for high and low concentration samples. In addition, amplification-free bait capture enriched sequencing of cDNA is a viable method for generating a SARS-CoV-2 genome sequence and for identification of amplification artifacts.
Admission D-dimer levels, D-dimer trends, and outcomes in COVID-19	Naymagon,  L,  Zubizarreta, et al	Thrombosis research	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	We present a retrospective analysis of admission D-dimer, and D-dimer trends, among adults hospitalized for COVID-19. 1065 inpatients from 6 hospitals were included; outcomes included mortality, intubation, and VTE.  Admission D-dimers and D-dimer trends were associated with outcomes in COVID-19. However, D-dimer levels and trends were limited prognostic tests in COVID-19. The role of D-dimer levels in COVID-19 clinical decision making remains unclear.
Knowledge of Health Care Professionals and Medical Students Regarding Covid-19 in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Nepal	Neupane,  HC,  Shrestha, et al	JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association	Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	This study aims to assess the knowledge of health care professionals regarding COVID -19 in a medical college in Chitwan. A Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Study was carried out in a tertiary care hospital in Chitwan, Nepal from April 22, 2020, to April 28, 2020. A total of 181 respondents completed the web survey. Overall, a total of 35 (19.3%) respondents were found to have "Good" knowledge; 105 (58%) respondents had "Fair" knowledge and 41 (22.7%) respondents had "Poor" knowledge regarding various aspects of COVID-19. There was no significant difference among the various health professional groups in their knowledge scores under the four knowledge domains. The study of knowledge of health care professionals could act as a reference for the prevention and better management of COVID-19. This study shows that there is a need to implement periodic educational interventions and training programs on infection control practices for COVID-19 across all healthcare professions.
Forecasting and planning during a pandemic: COVID-19 growth rates, supply chain disruptions, and governmental decisions	Nikolopoulos,  K,  Punia, et al	European Journal of Operational Research	Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie	Policymakers during COVID-19 operate in uncharted territory and must make tough decisions. Operational Research – the ubiquitous ‘science of better’ – plays a vital role in supporting this decision-making process. To that end, using data from the USA, India, UK, Germany, and Singapore up to mid-April 2020, we provide predictive analytics tools for forecasting and planning during a pandemic. We forecast COVID-19 growth rates with statistical, epidemiological, machine- and deep-learning models, and a new hybrid forecasting method based on nearest neighbors and clustering. We further model and forecast the excess demand for products and services during the pandemic using auxiliary data (google trends) and simulating governmental decisions (lockdown). Our empirical results can immediately help policymakers and planners make better decisions during the ongoing and future pandemics.
Physics-based bathymetry and water quality retrieval using planetscope imagery: Impacts of 2020 COVID-19 lockdown and 2019 extreme flood in the Venice lagoon	Niroumand-Jadidi,  M,  Bovolo, et al	Remote Sensing	Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique	As a first fully physics-based investigation, we aim to assess the feasibility of retrieving bathymetric and water quality information from the PlanetScope imagery. The analyses are performed based on Water Color Simulator (WASI) processor in the context of a multitemporal analysis. The WASI-based radiative transfer inversion is adapted to process the PlanetScope imagery dealing with the low spectral resolution and atmospheric artifacts. The bathymetry and total suspended matter (TSM) are mapped in the relatively complex environment of Venice lagoon during two benchmark events: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown and an extreme flood occurred in November 2019. The retrievals of TSM imply a remarkable reduction of the turbidity during the lockdown, due to the COVID-19 pandemic and capture the high values of TSM during the flood condition. The results suggest that sizable atmospheric and sun-glint artifacts should be mitigated through the physics-based inversion using the surface reflectance products of PlanetScope imagery. The physics-based inversion demonstrated high potentials in retrieving both bathymetry and TSM using the PlanetScope imagery.
Effective treatment with Tocilizumab in a COVID-19 patient on maintenance hemodialysis: A case report	Nourié,  Nicole,  Chamaa, et al	Research Square prepub	Clinical data| Données cliniques	We report a case of a 52-year-old patient with Von Hippel Lindau syndrome and end stage renal disease on hemodialysis who contracted COVID-19 infection. Due to the patient’s rapidly deteriorating clinical status he was successfully treated with Tocilizumab, despite the lack of data concerning the use of this molecule in this population. The patient was later discharged after a long hospital stay and progressive clinical, biological and radiological improvement.
Age, Inflammation, and Disease Location Are Critical Determinants of Intestinal Expression of SARS-CoV-2 Receptor ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in Inflammatory Bowel Disease	Nowak,  JK,  Lindstrøm, et al	Gastroenterology	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	We hypothesize that expression levels of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor, ACE2, may also determine susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2-inflicted damage. Transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) primes the viral spike protein, allowing for the potent binding of ACE2. Both are known to be highly expressed in healthy ileal epithelium, with lower levels in epithelial cells in the colon. We report dysregulated mucosal ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression in the colon and ileum in IBD, and identify the critical determinants of altered expression. Results show ACE2 expression in the terminal ileum in controls was 25-fold higher than in the colon (P = 7.0 × 10–14). In IBD, expression in the terminal ileum was increased 10-fold compared with the colon (P = 7.9 × 10–14). In contrast, TMPRSS2 expression in the terminal ileum was lower than in the colon, both in controls (P = 3.6 × 10–16), and in IBD overall (P = 6.0 × 10–19).
Gauging the laboratory responses to coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Africa	Odeyemi,  FA,  Adekunle, et al	Journal of Public Affairs	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie	Across African states, there exist variations in the laboratory measures adopted, and these heterogeneous approaches, in turn, determines the successes or otherwise recorded. In this study, we assessed the various forms of laboratory responses to the containment, risk analyses, structures and features of COVID-19 in high incidence African countries (Nigeria, South Africa, Egypt, Ghana, Algeria, Morocco, etc.) to aid better and efficient laboratory responses to the highly infectious diseases.
Effectiveness of the COVID-19 Contact-Confirming Application (COCOA) based on a Multi Agent Simulation	Omae,  Yuto,  Toyotani, et al	arXiv	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique	In Japan, the Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare developed "COVID-19 Contact-Confirming Application (COCOA)," which was released on Jun. 19, 2020. By utilizing COCOA, users can know whether or not they had contact with infected persons. If those who had contact with infectors keep staying at home, they may not infect those outside. However, effectiveness decreasing the number of infectors depending on the app's various usage parameters is not clear. If it is clear, we could set the objective value of the app's usage parameters (e.g., the usage rate of the total populations) and call for installation of the app. Therefore, we develop a multi-agent simulator that can express COVID-19 spreading and usage of the apps, such as COCOA. In this study, we describe the simulator and the effectiveness of the app in various scenarios. The result obtained in this study supports those of previously conducted studies
Assessing the prevalence of self-medication among healthcare workers before and during the 2019 SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic in Kenya	Onchonga,  D,  Omwoyo, et al	Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal	Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	The study aimed at assessing the prevalence of self-medication before and during the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic among healthcare workers and its associated factors.  The overall prevalence of self-medication increased from 36.2% (n = 137) before the pandemic to 60.4% (n = 229) during the pandemic. The respondents' gender, level of education, age, marital status, participation in physical activity, and drug reaction events, were significantly associated with self-medication before and during the outbreak (P < 0.05). Multivariable logistic regression analyses showed that participants engaging in physical activities, working during the day and being healthy were less likely to self-medicate (p < 0.01).
Lung ultrasonography in patients with COVID-19: comparison with CT	Ottaviani,  S,  Franc, et al	Clinical radiology	Clinical data| Données cliniques Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes	This study determines whether findings from lung ultrasound and chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) correlate when evaluating COVID-19 pulmonary involvement.  Excellent correlation was found between the ultrasound score for B-lines and the classification (p<0.01) and percentage of lung involvement on chest HRCT (r=0.935, p<0.001). In addition, the ultrasound score correlated positively with supplemental oxygen therapy (r=0.45, p=0.041) and negatively with minimal oxygen saturation at ambient air (r=–0.652, p<0.01).
The SARS-CoV-2 ORF10 is not essential in vitro or in vivo in humans	Pancer,  Katarzyna,  Milewska, et al	bioRxiv	Coronavirology| Coronavirologie	SARS-CoV-2 genome annotation revealed the presence of 10 open reading frames (ORFs), of which the last one (ORF10) is positioned downstream the N gene. It is a hypothetical gene, which was speculated to encode a 38 aa protein. This hypothetical protein does not share sequence similarity with any other known protein and cannot be associated with a function. While the role of this ORF10 was proposed, there is a growing evidence showing that the ORF10 is not a coding region. Here, we identified SARS-CoV-2 variants in which the ORF10 gene was prematurely terminated. The disease was not attenuated, and the transmissibility between humans was not hampered. Also in vitro, the strains replicated similarly, as the related viruses with the intact ORF10. Altogether, based on clinical observation and laboratory analyses, it appears that the ORF10 protein is not essential in humans. This observation further proves that the ORF10 should not be treated as the protein-coding gene, and the genome annotations should be amended.
A study on variation of atmospheric pollutants over Bhubaneswar during imposition of nationwide lockdown in India for the COVID-19 pandemic	Panda,  S,  Mallik, et al	Air Quality, Atmosphere and Health	Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique	This study reports change in air quality and its impact on the environment during the unique lockdown scenario at Bhubaneswar, a coastal smart city in east India. The urban air shows a remarkable reduction in the mean pollutant levels influenced by traffic emission viz. NOx (~ 67 %) and BC (~ 47 %) during lockdown over the pre-lockdown. Comparatively, a lower reduction of CO (~ 14 %) is attributed to the dominance of natural atmospheric chemical regulation and biogenic sources in addition to anthropogenic contributions. In addition to the lockdown, frequent rain events due to depression in the Bay of Bengal (BoB) also had a significant role in the reduction of the primary pollutants over the study site.
Traditional herbal remedies with a multifunctional therapeutic approach as an implication in COVID-19 associated co-infections	Pandey,  AT,  Pandey, et al	Coatings	Therapeutics| Thérapeutique	In this study, sputum samples of 120 OPD (outdoor patients) suffering from respiratory tract infection (RTI) but negative for tuberculosis infection were collected with informed consent. Morphological, biochemical, and resistance criteria were used to classify isolates and to distinguish multidrug resistant (MDR) isolates, which were further classified on a molecular basis. We found that the isolates, including MDR strains, showed remarkable sensitivity against acetone and methanol extracts of Moringa oleifera, Adhatoda vasica, and Cassia fistula. The results strongly confirmed that multifactorial infections can produce MDR characteristics against antimicrobial drugs, which gave insight into the use of herbal drugs with their age-old traditional importance as having antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects.
Preliminary Experience With Low Molecular Weight Heparin Strategy in COVID-19 Patients	Paolisso,  P,  Bergamaschi, et al	Frontiers in Pharmacology	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	We aim to investigate the association between different dosages of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) and mortality among COVID-19 hospitalized patients. The intermediate LMWH administration was associated with a lower in-hospital all-cause mortality compared to the “standard” prophylactic LMWH dosage (18.8% vs. 5.8%, p = 0.02). This difference remained significant after adjustment with the propensity score for variables that differed significantly between the dosage groups (OR= 0.260, 95% CI 0.089–0.758, p=0.014).
Reusable respirators as personal protective equipment during ENT surgery	Patel,  B,  Hardman, et al	Journal of Laryngology and Otology	Infection Prevention and Control/ Prévention et contrôle des infections (IPAC/PCI) Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	This paper describes the collective experience, across 3 institutes, of using a reusable half-face respirator in 72 head and neck surgery cases.  Cost analysis was performed to demonstrate the financial implications of using a reusable respirator compared to single-use filtering face piece code 3 masks.  The reusable respirator is a cost-effective alternative to disposable filtering face piece code 3 respirators. Supplying reusable respirators to individual staff members may increase the likelihood of them having appropriate personal protective equipment during their clinical duties.
COVID-19–Associated Acute Kidney Injury: A Case Series	Patel,  N,  Rein, et al	Kidney Medicine	Clinical data| Données cliniques	We highlight our experience from 1 hospital (Mount Sinai Hospital), in which we saw an unprecedented number of highly catabolic AKI cases, all due to infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). All patients in this series were critically ill in the ICU with pneumonia caused by COVID-19 (COVID PNA) requiring ventilatory support. All experienced rapid increases in serum urea nitrogen (SUN) and serum creatinine levels, with striking elevations in uric acid, phosphorus, and potassium levels; lactate-negative anion gap; metabolic acidosis; and rapid decreases in serum albumin levels. This could not be explained by low glomerular filtration rate alone and there was no evidence of tumor lysis syndrome or rhabdomyolysis.
Overall Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Interventional Radiology Services: A Canadian Perspective	Patel,  NR,  El-Karim, et al	Can Assoc Radiol J	Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	The aim of this national survey was to assess the overall impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the provision of interventional radiology (IR) services in Canada. Individual responses were received from 142 interventional radiologists across Canada (estimated 70% response rate). Nearly half of the participants (49.3%) reported an overall decrease in demand for acute IR services; on-call services were maintained at centers that routinely provide these services (99%). The majority of respondents (73.2%) were performing inpatient IR procedures at the bedside where possible. Most participants (88%) reported an overall decrease in elective IR services. Interventional radiology clinics and multidisciplinary rounds were predominately transitioned to virtual platforms. The vast majority of participants (93.7%) reported their center had disseminated an IR specific PPE policy; 73% reported a decrease in case volume for trainees by at least 25% and a proportion of trainees will either have a delay in starting their careers as IR attendings (24%) or fellowship training (35%).
Incubation Period and Reproduction Number for Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) Infections in India	Patrikar,  SR,  Kotwal, et al	Asia Pac J Public Health	Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie	We estimated the incubation period and reproduction number of COVID-19 for India utilizing data reported by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, and data in public domain. The mean incubation period seems to be larger at 6.93 (standard deviation = ±5.87, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 6.11-7.75), and 95th percentile estimate for best fit normal distribution is 17.8 days. Weibull distribution, the best fit for the reproduction number estimated pre lockdown reproduction number as 2.6 (95% CI = 2.34-2.86) and post lockdown reduced to 1.57 (95% CI = 1.3-1.84) implying effectiveness of the epidemic response strategies. The herd immunity is estimated between 36% and 61% for R0 of 1.57 and 2.6, respectively.
Impact of physical distancing due to novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) on daily travel for work during transition to lockdown	Pawar,  DS,  Yadav, et al	Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	This study attempts to use a decision tree approach to investigate the modal preference of 1542 commuters in association with socio-economic and travel characteristics, and safety perceptions with respect to public and private modes during transition to lockdown due to COVID-19 in India.  About 41% of commuters stopped traveling during the transition to lockdown phase, 51.3% were using the same mode of transport and 5.3% of commuters shifted from public to private mode.
Histolo-radiological dissociation in pulmonary fibrosis secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection	Peiro Chamarro,  M,  Ruiz de Gopegui Miguelena, et al	Medicina Intensiva	Clinical data| Données cliniques	The authors present a case of a 53-year-old patient, with a history of hypothyroidism. The patient was admitted to the ICU from the ward for respiratory failure due to COVID-19. The patient did not respond to treatment, and passed away after 28 days.
Risk Assessment and Prevention of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Transmission for Hospitalized Urological Patients After the COVID-19 Pandemic in Wuhan, China	Peng,  E,  Xia, et al	European Urology Open Science	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	We investigated the risk and prevention of hospital transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to hospitalized urological patients. This is a retrospective study of 319 hospitalized urological patients from two tertiary hospitals in Wuhan, China.  None of the 319 patients was found to be SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid tests (NAT) positive. Ten and four patients were detected to be immunoglobulin IgG and IgM positive, respectively. The chest CT features of 116 patients showed abnormal lung findings.  Through risk assessment, we identified seven patients with very high and high risk for hospital transmission, and delayed the surgery while maintaining close follow-up. Five intermediate-risk patients were operated on successfully under paravertebral block or epidural anesthesia to avoid opening the airway with endotracheal intubation. The remaining 104 low-risk and 203 normal patients underwent normal surgery.
Two mechanically ventilated cases of COVID-19 successfully managed with a sequential ventilation weaning protocol: Two case reports	Peng,  M,  Ren, et al	World Journal of Clinical Cases	Clinical data| Données cliniques	Here, we present two critical COVID-19 patients who presented with fever, cough and fatigue. COVID-19 diagnosis was confirmed based on blood cell counts, chest computed tomography (CT) imaging, and nuclei acid test results. They first received noninvasive ventilation (NIV). When their condition did not improve after 2 h of NIV, each patient was advanced to mechanical ventilation (MV). Extensive infection control measures were conducted to minimize morbidity, and pharmacotherapy consisting of an antiviral, immune-enhancer, and thrombosis prophylactic was administered in both cases. Upon resolution of lung changes evidenced by CT, the patients were sequentially weaned using a weaning screening test, spontaneous breathing test, and airbag leak test. After withdrawal of MV, the patients were transitioned through NIV and high-flow nasal cannula oxygen support. Both patients recovered well.
Particulate Alum via Pickering Emulsion for an Enhanced COVID-19 Vaccine Adjuvant	Peng,  S,  Cao, et al	Adv Mater	Vaccine Research| Recherche sur les vaccins	As the most accessible adjuvant, aluminum hydroxide (alum) is still the sole employed adjuvant in most countries. However, alum tends to attach on the membrane rather than entering the dendritic cells (DCs), leading to the absence of intracellular transfer and process of the antigens, and thus limits T‐cell‐mediated immunity. To address this, alum is packed on the squalene/water interphase is packed, forming an alum‐stabilized Pickering emulsion (PAPE). “Inheriting” from alum and squalene, PAPE demonstrates a good biosafety profile. Intriguingly, with the dense array of alum on the oil/water interphase, PAPE not only adsorbs large quantities of SARS‐CoV‐2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) antigens, but also harbors a higher affinity for DC uptake, which provokes the uptake and cross‐presentation of the delivered antigens. Compared with alum‐treated groups, more than six times higher antigen‐specific antibody titer and three‐fold more IFN‐γ‐secreting T cells are induced, indicating the potent humoral and cellular immune activations.
Phylogenetic Analysis Of SARS-CoV-2 In The First Months Since Its Emergence	Pereson,  MatíasJ,  Mojsiejczuk, et al	bioRxiv	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Coronavirology| Coronavirologie	The aim of this study was to perform a comprehensive evolutionary analysis to describe the human outbreak and the evolutionary rate of different genomic regions of SARS-CoV-2. All observed phylogenetic signals were very low and trees topologies were in agreement with those signals. However, after four months of evolution, it was possible to identify regions revealing an incipient viral lineages formation despite the low phylogenetic signal, since fortnight 3. Finally, the SARS-CoV-2 evolutionary rate for regions nsp3 and S, the ones presenting greater variability, was estimated to values of 1.37 × 10−3 and 2.19 × 10−3 substitution/site/year, respectively.
Transitioning an Advanced Practice Fellowship Curriculum to eLearning During the COVID-19 Pandemic	Pierce,  LM,  Weber, et al	J Nurs Educ	Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	Using a variety of both web-based and app-based virtual platforms, a nationally accredited fellowship program converted traditional in-seat learning modalities to elearning platforms using both synchronous and asynchronous education. Preliminary data indicate that knowledge acquisition and perceived fellow satisfaction are preserved despite the abrupt change to program delivery. Programmatic modifications were submitted to the American Nurse Credentialing Center for compliance and deemed as creative, innovative, and collaborative.
A multi-targeting approach to fight sars-cov-2 attachment	Pirone,  L,  Del Gatto, et al	Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences	Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Therapeutics| Thérapeutique Vaccine Research| Recherche sur les vaccins	The SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) glycoprotein represents a crucial target for vaccines, therapeutic antibodies, and diagnostics. Since virus binding to ACE-2 alone could not be sufficient to justify such severe infection, in order to facilitate medical countermeasure development and to search for new targets, two further regions of S protein have been taken into consideration here. One is represented by the recently identified ganglioside binding site, exactly localized in our study in the galectin-like domain, and the other one by the putative integrin binding sites contained in the RBD. We propose that a cooperating therapy using inhibitors against multiple targets altogether i.e., ACE2, integrins and sugars could be definitely more effective.
Halo, Reversed Halo, or Both? Atypical Computed Tomography Manifestations of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pneumonia: The "Double Halo Sign"	Poerio,  A,  Sartoni, et al	Korean J Radiol	Clinical data| Données cliniques	Here, we have reported a confirmed case of COVID-19 with an atypical CT presentation showing a “double halo sign,” which we believe represents the pathological spectrum of this viral pneumonia.
Anxiety and depression and the related factors in nurses of Guilan University of Medical Sciences hospitals during COVID-19: A web-based cross-sectional study	Pouralizadeh,  M,  Bostani, et al	International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences	Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	We aimed to assess the psychological impact of this outbreak on nurses in the hospitals of Guilan University of Medical Science.  In a web-based cross-sectional study, 441 nurses working were selected from the hospitals, from 7 to 12 April 2020. Anxiety and depression were measured using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, respectively. The majority were in contact with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 cases (93.4%) and their relatives had been infected with COVID-19 (42%). Female (OR = 3.27, 95% CI = 1.01–10.64), working in COVID-19 designated hospital (OR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.13–2.93), being suspected with COVID-19 infection (OR = 2.01, 95% CI = 1.25–3.26), and insufficient personal protective equipment (OR = 2.61, 95% CI = 1.68–4.06) were associated with anxiety. Depression was significantly associated with female sex (OR = 4.62, %95 CI = 1.24–17.16), having chronic disease (OR = 2.12, 95% CI = 1.20–3.74), being suspected or confirmed with COVID-19 infection (OR = 3.44, 95% CI = 2.11–5.59, and OR = 2.21, 95% CI = 1.04–4.70, respectively), and insufficient personal protective equipment (OR = 1.86, 95% CI = 1.19–2.91).
Virtual screening and molecular dynamics study of approved drugs as inhibitors of spike protein S1 domain and ACE2 interaction in SARS-CoV-2	Prajapat,  M,  Shekhar, et al	Journal of Molecular Graphics and Modelling	Therapeutics| Thérapeutique	In this study we tend to repurpose already approved drugs as inhibitors of the interaction between S1-RBD and the ACE2 receptor. We performed 5 virtual screening against 5 grids generated. A total of 42 compounds were identified after virtual screening. These drugs were further assessed for their interaction dynamics in molecular dynamics simulation. On the basis of molecular dynamics studies, we come up with 10 molecules with favourable interaction profile, which also interacted with physiologically important residues (residues taking part in the interaction between S1-RBD and ACE2. These are antidiabetic (acarbose), vitamins (riboflavin and levomefolic acid), anti-platelet agents (cangrelor), aminoglycoside antibiotics (Kanamycin, amikacin) bronchodilator (fenoterol), immunomodulator (lamivudine), and anti-neoplastic agents (mitoxantrone and vidarabine). However, while considering the relative side chain fluctuations when compared to the S1-RBD: ACE2 complex riboflavin, fenoterol, cangrelor and vidarabine emerged out as molecules with prolonged relative stability.
Features of current and intensive therapy of new coronavirus infection in children with comorbidities (clinical cases)	Pshenisnov,  KV,  Aleksandrovich, et al	Jurnal Infektologii	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	The aim of the study is to demonstrate the course and intensive care measures in new coronavirus infection COVID-19 in children with comorbidities.
Interferon β-1b in treatment of severe COVID-19: A randomized clinical trial	Rahmani,  H,  Davoudi-Monfared, et al	International immunopharmacology	Clinical data| Données cliniques Therapeutics| Thérapeutique RCT	In this study, efficacy and safety of interferon (IFN) β-1b in the treatment of patients with severe COVID-19 were evaluated. Among an open-label, randomized clinical trial, adult patients (≥18 years old) with severe COVID-19 were randomly assigned (1:1) to the IFN group or the control group. Between April 20 and May 20, 2020, 80 patients were enrolled and finally 33 patients in each group completed the study. Time to clinical improvment in the IFN group was significantly shorter than the control group ([9(6–10) vs. 11(9–15) days respectively, p = 0.002, HR = 2.30; 95% CI: 1.33–3.39]). At day 14, the percentage of discharged patients was 78.79% and 54.55% in the IFN and control groups respectively (OR = 3.09; 95% CI: 1.05–9.11, p = 0.03). ICU admission rate in the control group was significantly higher than the IFN group (66.66% vs. 42.42%, p = 0.04). The duration of hospitalization and ICU stay were not significantly different between the groups All-cause 28-day mortality was 6.06% and 18.18% in the IFN and control groups respectively (p = 0.12).
The war of united states of america with COVID-19	Ramasamy,  K	International Journal of Current Research and Review	Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie	The objective of this research is to explore the current state of COVID-19 pandemic at the United States of America and understand how the COVID-19 spread across various states in the county and the possible influencers to the highest number of positive cases and mortality rates. The secondary aim of the research is to predict the confirmed cases and death rates for the forthcoming days for the USA. From the forecasting analysis for the United States of America, by the end of August, as on 31 August 2020, the number of cumulative confirmed cases may reach up to 6419049 (64.2 lakhs). If the situation is good, it can be controlled at 5888853(58.8 lakhs), and it may go up to 6949245(69.4 lakhs) if the scenario goes bad. By 31 August 2020, the number of cumulative death cases may go up to 166945 in the typical scenario, and however, it may reach up to 202566 if the COVID-19 situation goes wrong due to various reasons.
Dynamic causal modelling of COVID-19	Razi,  A,  Friston, et al	Wellcome Open Research	Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie	This technical report describes a dynamic causal model of the spread of coronavirus through a population. The model is based upon ensemble or population dynamics that generate outcomes, like new cases and deaths over time. The purpose of this model is to quantify the uncertainty that attends predictions of relevant outcomes. By assuming suitable conditional dependencies, one can model the effects of interventions (e.g., social distancing) and differences among populations (e.g., herd immunity) to predict what might happen in different circumstances. Technically, this model leverages state-of-the-art variational (Bayesian) model inversion and comparison procedures, originally developed to characterise the responses of neuronal ensembles to perturbations. Here, this modelling is applied to epidemiological populations-to illustrate the kind of inferences that are supported and how the model per se can be optimised given timeseries data. Although the purpose of this paper is to describe a modelling protocol, the results illustrate some interesting perspectives on the current pandemic; for example, the nonlinear effects of herd immunity that speak to a self-organised mitigation process. © 2020 Friston KJ et al.
Synthesis of N,N′-bis(1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1,2-dihydro-3-oxopyrazol-4-yl) sebacamide that ameliorate osteoarthritis symptoms and improve bone marrow matrix structure and cartilage alterations induced by monoiodoacetate in the rat model: “Suggested potent	Refat,  MS,  Hamza, et al	Human and Experimental Toxicology	Therapeutics| Thérapeutique Animal model | Modèle animal	To assess the chondroprotective effect and influence of N,N′-bis(1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1,2-dihydro-3-oxopyrazol-4-yl) sebacamide (dpdo) that was synthesized through the reaction of phenazone with sebacoyl chloride and screened for its biological activity especially as anti-arthritic and anti-inflammatory agent in a monoiodoacetate (MA)-induced experimental osteoarthritis (OA) model. Thirty male albino rats weighing were divided randomly into three groups: control, MA-induced OA, and MA-induced OA + dpdo. In MA-induced OA rat, the tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 6, C-reactive protein, rheumatoid factors, reactive oxygen species, as well as all the mitochondrial markers are elevated. Also, the activity of succinate dehydrogenase (complex II), levels of ATP, the level of glutathione (GSH), and thiol were markedly diminished in the MA-induced OA group compared to the normal control rats. These findings showed that mitochondrial function is associated with OA pathophysiological alterations and high gene expressions of (IL-6, TNF-a, and IL-1b) and suggests a promising use of dpdo as potential ameliorative agents in the animal model of OA and could act as anti-inflammatory agent in case of severe infection with COVID-19.
A Simple Approach to Optimum Pool Size for Pooled SARS-CoV-2 Testing	Regen,  F,  Eren, et al	Int J Infect Dis	Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes	In order to increase the capacity of laboratory-based molecular SARS-CoV-2 testing, it has been suggested to combine several samples and jointly measure them in a sample pool. While saving cost and labour at first sight, pooling efficiency depends on the pool size and the presently experienced prevalence of positive samples. Here we address the question of the optimum pool size at a given prevalence. We demonstrate the relation between analytical effort and pool size and delineate the effects of the target prevalence on the optimum pool size. Finally, we derive a simple-to-use formula and table that allows laboratories performing sample pooling to assess the optimum pool size at a presently experienced target prevalence rate.
Low total cholesterol blood level is correlated with pulmonary severity in COVID-19 critical ill patients	Ressaire,  Q,  Dudoignon, et al	Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	We conducted a retrospective single centre study. Of 54 COVID-19 patients admitted in our ICU from March 20, 2020 to April 15, 2020, thirty-one had an exploration of lipid abnormalities at admission (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) , total cholesterol (TC), apolipoproteins A1 and B (ApoA1 and B)). Among the 31 patients included, dyslipidaemia was not associated with mortality. Pre-admission lipid lowering drugs prescription was associated with lower LDL-c, TC and Apo on admission  and a trend for a higher in-hospital mortality (42.9% vs 12.5%, p =  0.110). Furthermore, in bivariate analysis including age and LDL-c level, LDL-c level was associated with 28-day mortality, whereas age was not (OR = 0.0233 [CI 95% 0.0006-0.8835], p =  0.0427 vs OR = 1.0291 [CI 95% 0.8794-1.2044], p =  0.7203, respectively).
Compartmentalized replication of sars-cov-2 in upper vs. Lower respiratory tract assessed by whole genome quasispecies analysis	Rueca,  M,  Bartolini, et al	Microorganisms	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Coronavirology| Coronavirologie	The aim was to identify possible tissue-specific patterns and signatures of variant selection for each respiratory compartment. Six patients, admitted to the Intensive Care Unit, were included in the study. Thirteen upper (URT) and lower respiratory tract (LRT) were analyzed by  by next generation sequencing (NGS) amplicon-based approach on Ion Torrent Platform. For each patient, the patterns of variants in URT and LRT were profoundly different, indicating compartmentalized virus replication. No clear variant signature and no significant difference in nucleotide diversity between LRT and URT were observed.
An 11-year-old boy infected with COVID-19 with presentation of acute liver failure	Saeed,  A,  Shorafa, et al	Hepatitis Monthly	Clinical data| Données cliniques	In this paper, we present an 11-year-old boy admitted to a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) with COVID-19 diagnosis in combination with elevated liver enzymes and bilirubin.
Epidemic model of COVID-19 outbreak by inducing behavioural response in population	Saha,  S,  Samanta, et al	Nonlinear Dynamics	Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique	In this present study, we consider an SEIRS epidemiological model on COVID-19 transmission which accounts for the effect of an individual’s behavioural response due to the information regarding proper precautions. Our results indicate that if people respond to the growing information regarding awareness at a higher rate and start to take the protective measures, then the infected population decreases significantly. The disease fatality can be controlled only if a large proportion of individuals become immune, either by natural immunity or by a proper vaccine.
The effects of COVID-19 measures on air pollutant concentrations at urban and traffic sites in Istanbul	Şahin,  ÜA	Aerosol and Air Quality Research	Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique	This study assessed the impact of COVID-19 measures on air pollutant concentrations measured in urban areas and traffic stations on both the European and Asian sides of Istanbul during March 2020. Significant reductions in pollutants: 32–43% (PM10), 19–47% (PM2.5), 29–44% (NO2), 40–58% (CO) and 34–69% (SO2) were calculated. The clearest reductions at the traffic stations were in NO2 which originates primarily from vehicle exhaust. The average concentrations of NO2, PM2.5, PM10 and CO during peak traffic hours were significantly (p < 0.01) decreased under COVID-19 measures.
A rare case of Pneumopericardium secondary to COVID-19	Sahu,  KK,  Mishra, et al	Heart and Lung	Clinical data| Données cliniques	Although COVID-19 is a systemic illness, the respiratory system is obvious to be involved first, and takes most of the brunt of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Common upper and lower respiratory presentations could be sore throat, consolidation, ground glass opacities, and acute respiratory distress syndrome in severe cases. Pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum are uncommon clinical findings in association with COVID-19. We hereby report a rare case of spontaneous pneumomediastinum with a synchronous pneumopericardium.
Respiratory physiotherapy with Vibration belts in the critical patient Covid-19 in the prone position	Sancho,  PT,  Gandarias, et al	Revista espanola de anestesiologia y reanimacion	Clinical data| Données cliniques	We present a series of cases of patients with pneumonia and invasive mechanical ventilation who underwent mobilization of secretions with an autonomous vibratory belt system, during the prone position.  Our objective was to find out if there could be an improvement in the relationship of arterial oxygen pressure with the inspired fraction of oxygen supplied by the ventilator.
Objectively-assessed physical activity, sedentary behavior, smartphone use, and sleep patterns preand during-COVID-19 quarantine in young adults from Spain	Sañudo,  B,  Fennell, et al	Sustainability (Switzerland)	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	This study assessed the effects of COVID-19 home confinement on physical activity, sedentary behavior, smartphone use, and sleep patterns. Data was collected in a sample of 20 young adults  pre- and during the COVID-19 lockdown. Results revealed significantly greater walking time and mean steps (p < 0.001, d = 1.223 to 1.605), and moderate and vigorous physical activity (p < 0.05, d = 0.568 to 0.616), in the precompared with the during-COVID-19 lockdown phase. Additionally, smartphone use (p = 0.009, d = 0.654), sitting time (p = 0.002, d = 1.120), and total sleep (p < 0.004, d = 0.666) were significantly greater in the during- compared with the pre-COVID-19 lockdown phase. Multiple regressions analyses showed associations between physical activity and sedentary behavior and sleep quality.
Carrying on with liver transplantation during the COVID-19 emergency: Report from piedmont region	Saracco,  M,  Martini, et al	Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology	Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	To analyze if our strategy and organization of liver transplant (LT) pathway during the first two months of the COVID-19 emergency succeeded in keeping a high level of LT activity, comparing the number of LT in the first two months with the same period of time in 2019.  We compared the liver transplants performed in our Center between February 24th and April 17th, 2020 with liver transplants performed in the same period in 2019. In 2020, 21 patients underwent liver transplantation from deceased donors, exactly as the year before, without statistically significant difference. All patients survived in both groups, and the rate of early graft dysfunction was 24% in 2020 and 33% in 2019.
Dataset of mutational analysis, miRNAs targeting SARS-CoV-2 genes and host gene expression in SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 infections	Sardar,  R,  Satish, et al	Data in Brief	Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Therapeutics| Thérapeutique	The identification of host-miRNAs targeting mutated virus genes is crucial to understand the miRNA mediated host-defense mechanism in virus infections. We collected genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2 with its metadata from the GISAID database and identified mutational changes in the sequences. We predicted host-miRNAs targeting the genes in the genomes and compared it with that in related viral species. We have identified 1599 miRNAs targeting SARS-CoV-2 genomes. The host miRNAs targeting SARS-CoV-2 genes were further validated to be anti-viral miRNAs and their role in respiratory diseases through a literature survey, which helped in the identification of 42 conserved antiviral miRNAs.
Fatal aspergillosis complicating severe SARS-CoV-2 infection: A case report	Schein,  F,  Munoz-Pons, et al	Journal de Mycologie Medicale	Clinical data| Données cliniques	We report the case of an 87 year-old woman, with no history of immune deficit, admitted in our emergency room for severe respiratory distress. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) diagnosis was confirmed by a SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on nasal swab. On day 14, pulmonary examination deteriorated with haemoptysis and a major increase of inflammatory response. A computed tomography (CT) scan revealed nodules highly suggestive of IA. Aspergillus antigen was found highly positive in sputum and blood, as was Aspergillus spp PCR on serum. Sputum cultures remained negative for Aspergillus. This patient died rapidly from severe respiratory failure, despite the addition of voriconazole.
Real-time Prediction of COVID-19 related Mortality using Electronic Health Records	Schwab,  Patrick,  Mehrjou, et al	arXiv	Diagnostics / Pathogen detection| Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes	Here, we present the COVID-19 Early Warning System (CovEWS), a clinical risk scoring system for assessing COVID-19 related mortality risk. CovEWS provides continuous real-time risk scores for individual patients with clinically meaningful predictive performance up to 192 hours (8 days) in advance, and is automatically derived from patients' electronic health records (EHRs) using machine learning. We trained and evaluated CovEWS using de-identified data from a cohort of 66430 COVID-19 positive patients seen at over 69 healthcare institutions in the United States (US), Australia, Malaysia and India amounting to an aggregated total of over 2863 years of patient observation time. On an external test cohort of 5005 patients, CovEWS predicts COVID-19 related mortality from 78.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 76.0, 84.7%) to 69.4% (95% CI: 57.6,75.2%) specificity at a sensitivity greater than 95% between respectively 1 and 192 hours prior to observed mortality events - significantly outperforming existing generic and COVID-19 specific clinical risk scores.
Cell Phone Activity in Categories of Places and Associations With Growth in Cases of COVID-19 in the US	Sehra,  ST,  George, et al	JAMA Intern Med	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique	Objective : To determine if cell phone location data are associated with the rate of change in new COVID-19 cases by county across the US. This cohort study incorporated publicly available county-level daily COVID-19 case data from January 22, 2020, to May 11, 2020, and county-level daily cell phone location data made publicly available by Google. Marked changes in cell phone activity occurred around the time stay-at-home orders were issued by various states. Counties with higher per-capita cases (per 100 000 population) showed greater reductions in cell phone activity at the workplace (β, −0.002; 95% CI, −0.003 to −0.001; P < 0.001), areas classified as retail (β, −0.008; 95% CI, −0.011 to −0.005; P < 0.001) and grocery stores (β, −0.006; 95% CI, −0.007 to −0.004; P < 0.001), and transit stations (β, −0.003, 95% CI, −0.005 to −0.002; P < 0.001), and greater increase in activity at the place of residence (β, 0.002; 95% CI, 0.001-0.002; P < 0.001).
Weather conditions (With focus on uv radiation) associated with covid-19 outbreak and worldwide climate-based prediction for future prevention	Sfîcă,  L,  Bulai, et al	Aerosol and Air Quality Research	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie	SARS-CoV-2 produced consistent debate regarding the relationship between its emergence and weather conditions. Our study explored these conditions, expressed by three main parameters—ultraviolet radiation, air temperature and relative humidity—that characterized Hubei (China), the source region of COVID-19 pandemic, in November 2019–March 2020. During COVID-19 outbreak, the low amounts of UV radiation (down to –273 kJ m–2 in January 2020) were associated with the early stage environmental survival of the novel coronavirus. As well, this period was characterized by a high relative humidity during peak hours of the day, and a positive air temperature anomaly (+1.7°C in December 2019), which also favored the outdoor people mobility in winter. Based on Hubei analysis, a presumed optimal weather frame was set in order to identify other world regions with similar weather characteristics.
Clinical features, diagnostics, and outcomes of patients presenting with acute respiratory illness: A retrospective cohort study of patients with and without COVID-19	Shah,  SJ,  Barish, et al	EClinicalMedicine	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	We examined emergency department patients between February 3 and March 31, 2020 with an acute respiratory illness who were tested for SARS-CoV-2. Among 316 patients, 33 tested positive for SARS-CoV-2; 31 without COVID-19 tested positive for another respiratory virus. Compared to those who tested negative, patients with COVID-19 reported longer symptoms duration, more hospitalizations, longer hospitalizations, and more often developed ARDS. Most comorbidities, medications, symptoms, vital signs, laboratories, treatments, and outcomes did not differ by COVID-19 status.
Delayed recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax in a patient recovering from COVID-19 pneumonia	Shah,  VM,  Brill, et al	Korean J Anesthesiol	Clinical data| Données cliniques	While spontaneous pneumothorax in COVID-19 pneumonia is now a well-known complication, recurrent delayed pneumothorax has not been reported. We report such an instance in a patient nine weeks after presenting with COVID-19 pneumonia when she was deemed to have recovered well.  She was eventually discharged home after three months of hospitalization.
Developing a framework for enhancing survivability of sustainable supply chains during and post-COVID-19 pandemic	Sharma,  M,  Luthra, et al	International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications	Economics | Économie	Firms are now trying to identify the ways for enhancing survivability of Sustainable Supply Chains (SSCs). This study has made an effort to develop a framework for enhancing survivability of SSCs to survive in and post-COVID-19 pandemic. This study has utilised Stepwise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA) method for identifying the significant factors for enhancing survivability of SSCs to be focused in pandemic situation. The study revealed that ‘Supply Chain Network Viability (SCV)’ is the main criterion for managing buyer–supplier relationship and enhancing survivability of SSCs during and post-COVID-19 situation.
World battles covid-19: Disease progression pattern in selected least and worst affected countries	Shibu,  J,  Abdulla, et al	Disaster Advances	Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie	The current research study attempts to estimate the possible number of infected cases and deaths due to COVID-19 by 15th July, 2020, by formulating a progressive mathematical linear regression model which predicts the number of infected cases and deaths due to COVID-19 in  USA, Germany, Italy, UK, India, Israel, South Korea, and China. USA would have the highest growth coefficient and the highest number of cases by mid-July, followed by the UK.  The countries having the least growth progressions are Israel and South Korea and their expected estimated cases will also be considerably low.
Data Monitoring for the Chinese Clinical Trials of Remdesivir in Treating Patients with COVID-19 During the Pandemic Crisis	Shih,  WJ,  Yao, et al	Ther Innov Regul Sci	Clinical data| Données cliniques Therapeutics| Thérapeutique	Two phase-III, double-blind, randomized clinical trials of remdesivir plus SOC (standard of care) versus placebo plus SOC have been conducted in Wuhan hospitals by Chinese investigators during the urgent COVID-19 epidemic ClincalTrials.gov NCT04257656 and NCT04252664]. This manuscript provides documentary style information on the process of monitoring key data and making recommendations to the sponsor and investigators based on analytical insights when dealing with the emergent situation from the statistical viewpoint. Having monitored data sequentially from 237 patients, we comment on the strength and weakness of the study design and suggest the treatment effect of remdesivir on severe COVID-19 cases. There were a numerically higher mortality rate and a lower hospital discharge rate against the remdesivir group.
Expanded Mesenchymal Stem Cells: a novel therapeutic approach of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia (COVID-19). Concepts regarding a first case in Spain	Soler Rich,  R,  Rius Tarruella, et al	Medicina clinica	Clinical data| Données cliniques	This study presents the experience of what we consider to be the first case of COVID-19 treated in our country using mesenchymal stem cell therapy.  On March 22, 2020, a member of our research team experienced general malaise, fever and bouts of unproductive cough, associating anorexia linked to hyposmia and hypogeusia. Upon hospitalization he was diagnosed with COVID-19.  Given that our research team has extensive experience in cell therapy, on April 2, with prior authorization and under the control of the Spanish Agency for Medicines and Health Products, we infused intravenously a dose of E6MSC of allogeneic bone marrow.  We did not register any complications or adverse effects. The patient eventually recovered and was discharged.
COVID-19 and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Patient Knowledge and Perceptions in a Single Center Survey	Spagnuolo,  R,  Larussa, et al	Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	The aim of this survey is to evaluate knowledge about clinical importance of COVID-19, disease management, prevention measures, and anxiety level during pandemic among patients with inflammatory bowel disease.  High educational level and aging promote knowledge about clinical importance of COVID-19, while e-format educational material does not. Taken together with findings that an active disease status compromises knowledge of IBD management and the high level of anxiety related to increasing age, these data suggest the need of further supporting patient-oriented strategies in IBD during Covid-19 pandemic.
Early detection of elevated cardiac biomarkers to optimise risk stratification in patients with COVID-19	Stefanini,  GG,  Chiarito, et al	Heart	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	We aimed to evaluate the impact on mortality of an early assessment of cardiac biomarkers in patients with COVID-19 in Italy. An early detection of elevated hs-TnI and BNP was found to predict mortality in patients with COVID-19.
#Lockdown: Network-enhanced emotional profiling in the time of covid-19	Stella,  M,  Restocchi, et al	Big Data and Cognitive Computing	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	We use MERCURIAL (Multi-layer Co-occurrence Networks for Emotional Profiling), a framework which exploits linguistic networks of words and hashtags to reconstruct social discourse describing real-world events, to analyse 101,767 tweets from Italy. Our analysis provides unique insights into the psychological burden of this crisis, focussing on  the Italian official campaign for self-quarantine, the national lockdown, and social denounce. Our exploration unveils the emergence of complex emotional profiles, where anger and fear (towards political debates and socio-economic repercussions) coexisted with trust, solidarity, and hope (related to the institutions and local communities).
Network Pharmacology Integrated Molecular Docking Reveals the Mechanism of Anisodamine Hydrobromide Injection against Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia	Su,  J,  Liu, et al	Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine	Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Therapeutics| Thérapeutique	Protein-protein interactions obtained from the String databases were used to construct the protein interaction network (PIN) of anisodamine hydrobromide injection. The intersection between the AHI component proteins and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) coexpression proteins was analyzed.  Molecular docking was used to explore the mechanism of action of AHI against COVID-19. The results showed that anisodamine bound well to all the crucial targets.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on paediatric orthopaedic trauma workload in central London: a multi-centre longitudinal observational study over the “golden weeks”: The COVid Emergency Related Trauma and orthopaedics (COVERT) Collaborative	Sugand,  K,  Park, et al	Acta Orthopaedica	Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	This study assesses the impact on a large acute paediatric hospital service in London, evaluating the trends in the acute paediatric orthopaedic trauma referral caseload and operative casemix before (2019) and during (2020) COVID-19 lockdown. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has led to a decline in the number of acute paediatric trauma referrals, admissions, and operations during the COVID period. There has also been a significant change in the patient pathway with more being reviewed via the means of telemedicine to reduce the risk of COVID-19 transmission and exposure.
When to lift the lockdown in Hubei province during COVID-19 epidemic? an insight from a patch model and multiple source data	Sun,  X,  Xiao, et al	J Theor Biol	Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique	A patch model reflecting the mobility of population between Hubei and regions outside Hubei is formulated, and parameterized based on multiple source data for Hubei and regions outside Hubei. The effective reproduction numbers for Hubei and regions outside Hubei are estimated as 3.59 and 3.26 before Jan 23rd, 2020, but decrease quickly since then and drop below 1 after Jan 31st and Jan 28th, 2020. It is predicted that the new infections in Hubei province will decrease to very low level in mid-March, and the final size is estimated to be about 68,500 cases.  The simulations reveal that contact rate after work resumption or lifting the lockdown in Hubei plays a critical role in affecting the epidemic.
SARS-CoV-2 control methods	Suprun,  OM,  Sverhunova, et al	Asia Life Sciences	Therapeutics| Thérapeutique	The aim of the article was to study the blood serum method as one of the methods for SARS-CoV-2. The analysis determined that in the serum of convalescent antibodies will quickly reach the pathogen and remain there for a long time. They will enter the patient’s bloodstream at a lower concentration than with parenteral injection, reducing the risk of other donor viruses or toxins entering the patient’s body.
Temporal Mental Health Dynamics on Social Media	Tabak,  Tom,  Purver, et al	arXiv	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	We describe a set of experiments for building a temporal mental health dynamics system. We utilise a pre-existing methodology for distant-supervision of mental health data mining from social media platforms and deploy the system during the global COVID-19 pandemic as a case study. Despite the challenging nature of the task, we produce encouraging results, both explicit to the global pandemic and implicit to a global phenomenon, Christmas Depression, supported by the literature. We propose a methodology for providing insight into temporal mental health dynamics to be utilised for strategic decision-making.
Consistent localization of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and ACE2 over TMPRSS2 predominance in placental villi of 15 COVID-19 positive maternal-fetal dyads	Taglauer,  E,  Benarroch, et al	Placenta	Clinical data| Données cliniques Coronavirology| Coronavirologie	Using comparative immunofluorescence, we examined the localization and relative tissue abundance of SARS-CoV2 spike glycoprotein (CoV2 SP) along with the co-localization of two SARS-CoV2 viral entry proteins angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) in placental tissue. CoV2 SP was present within the villous placenta in COVID-19 positive pregnancies with and without evidence of fetal transmission. We further identified the predominance of ACE2 expression in comparison with TMPRSS2. Importantly, both CoV2 SP and ACE2 expression consistently localized primarily within the outer syncytiotrophoblast layer placental villi, a key physiologic interface between mother and fetus.
Comparison of clinical and epidemiological characteristics of deceased and recovered patients with COVID-19 in Sabzevar, Iran	Talebi,  S,  Nematshahi, et al	Journal of Military Medicine	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	The aim of this study was to compare the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of deceased and recovered patients with COVID-19 in Iran.  There were significant differences in terms of cough in recovered cases and decreased level of consciousness in deceased patients. Increased white blood cell counts, decreased lymphocytes, and increased neutrophils were significantly higher in deceased patients.
Sunlight ultraviolet radiation dose is negatively correlated with the percent positive of SARS-CoV-2 and four other common human coronaviruses in the U.S	Tang,  L,  Liu, et al	Science of the Total Environment	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie	In this study, Spearman and Kendall rank correlation analysis tests were used to analyze the correlation between the average percent positive of five human coronaviruses (SARS-CoV-2, CoVHKU1, CoVNL63, CoVOC43, and CoV229E) in the U.S. and the corresponding sunlight UV radiation dose The results indicated that the monthly average percent positive of four common coronaviruses was significantly negatively correlated with the sunlight UV radiation dose.
COVID-19, Australia: Epidemiology Report 22 (Fortnightly reporting period ending 2 August 2020)	Team, Covid- National Incident Room Surveillance	Communicable diseases intelligence (2018)	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Surveillance	This is an epidemiological report for COVID-19 in Australia. Over the past fortnightly reporting period (20 July to 2 August), the number of new cases reported nationally increased from 3,462 in the previous fortnight to 6,121. The large increase in numbers is due to multiple epidemiologically-linked outbreaks across a range of settings and locations in Victoria. A total of 71 deaths were reported, all from Victoria. 12% of cases have required hospitalisation or intensive care.
COVID-19, Australia: Epidemiology Report 21 (Fortnightly reporting period ending 19 July 2020)	Team, Covid- National Incident Room Surveillance	Communicable diseases intelligence (2018)	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Surveillance	This is an epidemiological report for COVID-19 in Australia. The number of new cases reported nationally increased from 897 in the previous fortnight (22 June to 5 July) to 3,791 (6 to 19 July). The large increase in cases is due to multiple epidemiologically-linked outbreaks across a range of settings and locations in Victoria. A total of 37 deaths were reported, all from Victoria. A small proportion of cases have experienced severe disease, requiring hospitalisation or intensive care, with some fatalities. The cumulative crude case fatality rate amongst Australian cases is 1.2%.
Psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines	Tee,  ML,  Tee, et al	Journal of affective disorders	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	This study examined the prevalence of psychiatric symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic and identified the factors contributing to psychological impact in the Philippines. One-fourth of respondents reported moderate-to-severe anxiety and one-sixth reported moderate-to-severe depression and psychological impact.
Implications for border containment strategies when COVID-19 presents atypically	Teo,  WY	Public health	Clinical data| Données cliniques	This is a case study of a patient in Singapore who passed through our borders with COVID-19 masquerading as a resolved sore throat. We present a case of a 21-year-old student returning from Nottingham. He presented with sore throat as the only symptom the few days prior his return, and on arrival at our border (day 7 from initial symptoms), his sore throat had already resolved. The events leading up to his COVID-19 diagnosis highlight the gaps of the international screening processes at the global border entry and the potential consequences of community chain transmission through imported COVID-19 cases.
Potential COVID-19 outbreak in fire camp: Modeling scenarios and interventions	Thompson,  MP,  Bayham, et al	Fire	Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Transmission Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique	We developed a COVID-19 epidemic model to highlight the risks posed by the disease during wildland fire incidents. Our model accounts for the transient nature of the population on a wildland fire incident, which poses unique risks to the management of communicable diseases in fire camps. We used the model to assess the impact of two types of interventions: the screening of a firefighter arriving on an incident, and social distancing measures. Our results suggest that both interventions are important to mitigate the risks posed by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. However, screening is relatively more effective on short incidents, whereas social distancing is relatively more effective during extended campaigns.
Genomic Evidence for a Case of Reinfection with SARS-CoV-2	Tillett,  Richard,  Sevinsky, et al	SSRN- Lancet prepublication	Clinical data| Données cliniques Coronavirology| Coronavirologie	We describe the data from an investigation of two instances of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the same individual in Nevada, USA. Through nucleic acid sequence analysis, the viruses associated with each instance of infection were found to possess a degree of genetic discordance that cannot be explained reasonably through short-term in vivo evolution. We conclude that it is possible for humans to become infected multiple times by SARS-CoV-2, but the generalizability of this finding is not known.
Impact of large scale social restriction on the COVID-19 cases in East Java	Toharudin,  T,  Pontoh, et al	Communications in Mathematical Biology and Neuroscience	Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique	This study suggests machine learning methods that are recognized based on high accuracy, containing Extreme Learning Machines, Multi-Layer Perceptron, and Auto-Regressive Neural Networks to predict the number of daily new, active, confirmed, recovered, and death cases. The MLP (10,10) model was obtained as the best model for predicting the five case variables in East Java for the next 7 days. According to this study, the application of large-scale social restrictions (PSBB) and the abolition of the PSBB directive, which was replaced by the New Normal directive, had a significant impact on the increase in cases in the East Java region.
PMC7446659; Bacterial pneumonia coinfection and antimicrobial therapy duration in SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection	Townsend,  L,  Hughes, et al	JAC Antimicrob Resist	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	The objectives of this study were to assess the rate of empirical antimicrobial treatment in COVID-19 cases, assess the rate and methods of microbiological sampling, assess the rate of bacterial respiratory coinfections and evaluate the factors associated with antimicrobial therapy in this cohort. The rate of bacterial coinfection in SARS-CoV-2 is low. Despite this, prolonged courses of antimicrobial therapy were prescribed in our cohort. We recommend active antimicrobial stewardship in COVID-19 cases to ensure appropriate antimicrobial prescribing.
Screening and evaluation of approved drugs as inhibitors of main protease of SARS-CoV-2	Tripathi,  PK,  Upadhyay, et al	International journal of biological macromolecules	Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Therapeutics| Thérapeutique	In search of a quick, safe and successful therapeutic agent; we screened various clinically approved drugs for the in-vitro inhibitory effect on 3CLPro which may be able to halt virus replication.  Our results provide critical insights into the mechanism of action of Teicoplanin as a potential therapeutic against COVID-19. We found that Teicoplanin is about 10–20 fold more potent in inhibiting protease activity than other drugs in use, such as lopinavir, hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, azithromycin, atazanavir etc.
A case of a new CoVID-19 coronavirus infection in a patient being treated with programmatic hemodialysis	Urtaeva,  KK,  Suchkov, et al	Jurnal Infektologii	Clinical data| Données cliniques	The article describes the case of the first patient in the Clinical Infectious Hospital in Russia with end-stage chronic kidney disease corrected by program hemodialysis, who had COVID-19. The patient successfully recovered and was discharged.
Course of a new coronavirus infection in children: some aspects of monitoring and analysis of mortality	Uskov,  AN,  Lobzin, et al	Jurnal Infektologii	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	The objective of this work was to carry out the analyse Russian government statistics for the incidence of new coronavirus infection in children and specific features of death cases caused by COVID-19 in children. Prevalence of COVID-19 in children from various regions of the Russian Federation was from 1% to 8.6%. Asymptomatic and mild forms of the disease which did not require hospitalization, were noted in 55–60% of the cases. 12 deaths associated with COVID-19 were reported.
Knowledge, attitudes, and practice regarding covid-19 among patients with musculoskeletal and rheumatic diseases in nepal: A web-based cross-sectional study	Vaidya,  B,  Bhochhibhoya, et al	Open Access Rheumatology: Research and Reviews	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	This Google Forms study was conducted to understand the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of rheumatology patients with regard to COVID-19 in Nepal. Patients with rheumatic diseases were aware of the general clinical features, routes of transmission, and general preventive measures regarding COVID-19 and did not significantly change their treatment practices.
Leptin levels in SARS-CoV-2 infection related respiratory failure: A cross-sectional study and a pathophysiological framework on the role of fat tissue	van der Voort,  PHJ,  Moser, et al	Heliyon	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	Obesity is a risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 infected patients to develop respiratory failure. A cross-sectional study was performed to investigate if Leptin produced in visceral fat might play a role in the deterioration to mechanical ventilation.  SARS-CoV-2 infected patients with a similar BMI as control patients appear to have significantly higher levels of serum leptin. With these findings we describe a clinical and biological framework that may explain these clinical observations.
Is perinatal CoVID-19 possible: first results	Vashukova,  MA,  Zinserling, et al	Jurnal Infektologii	Transmission Clinical data| Données cliniques	A clinical and morphological analysis of 6 cases in which women with verified COVID-19 gave birth in an infectious hospital was performed. In all cases, the placenta was examined in detail morphologically using antibodies to the nucleoprotein and spike (S1 subunit spike protein) SARS-CoV-2. Intrauterine infection detected via PCR was  documented in a single case. Histological examination of the afterbirth in all cases showed evidence of infection.
Changes to the work-family interface during the COVID-19 pandemic: Examining predictors and implications using latent transition analysis	Vaziri,  H,  Casper, et al	J Appl Psychol	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	Adopting a person-centered approach, we examine transitions in employees' work-family interfaces from before COVID-19 to after its onset. People were more likely to go through negative transitions if they had high segmentation preferences, engaged in emotion-focused coping, experienced higher technostress, and had less compassionate supervisors. In turn, negative transitions were associated with negative employee consequences during the pandemic (e.g., lower job satisfaction and job performance, and higher turnover intent).
Mathematical modelling on diffusion and control of COVID–19	Veera Krishna,  M	Infectious Disease Modelling	Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique	In this paper, the authors develop a SEIR mathematical model for the spread and control of COVID-19. The authors combine a mathematical model of severe COVID-19 spread with four datasets from within and outside of Wuhan, China to estimate how the spread in Wuhan varied between January and February 2020. The basic reproduction number was estimated to be 2.45 one week before travel restrictions were introduced and 1.05 one week after.
Impact of COVID-19 on UK radiology training: a questionnaire study	Veerasuri,  S,  Vekeria, et al	Clinical radiology	Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	Radiology workload had significantly decreased during COVID-19 pandemic. Covid-19 had a significant impact on radiology trainee reporting and experience. Overall trainee well-being has significantly worsened during the pandemic.
Peripheral pulmonary thromboembolism in COVID-9 bilateral pneumonia	Vela Colmenero,  RM,  Ruíz García, et al	Medicina Intensiva	Clinical data| Données cliniques	Imaging from a case of Peripheral pulmonary thromboembolism in COVID-9 bilateral pneumonia.
Quarantine by covid-19 in a health professional: Psychological, social and family dimensions	Vélez-álvarez,  C,  Sánchez-Palacio, et al	Revista de Salud Publica	Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	Case report of a health professional quarantined by COVID-19. We analyzed the psychological, social and family dimensions; a matrix was used as a daily log to collect information from the three dimensions analyzed.
Femoral Arterial Thrombosis in a Young Adult after Nonsevere COVID-19	Veyre,  F,  Poulain-Veyre, et al	Annals of Vascular Surgery	Clinical data| Données cliniques	Arterial thromboembolisms have been reported more rarely then venous thromboembolisms, in case of severe infection or in elderly patients. We report a case of femoral arterial thrombosis in a 24-year-old patient after nonsevere COVID-19.
Soft contact lens wearers’ compliance during the COVID-19 pandemic	Vianya-Estopa,  M,  Wolffsohn, et al	Contact Lens and Anterior Eye	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	An online survey of UK and Ireland contact lens users showed fifty-six percent of participants reported using their lenses less during the pandemic. Practitioners should remind contact lens wearers of good hygiene practices to ensure safe lens wear during the pandemic.
Proficiency of virtual follow-up amongst tinnitus patients who underwent intratympanic steroid therapy amidst COVID 19 pandemic	Vijayasundaram,  S,  Karthikeyan, et al	American Journal of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Medicine and Surgery	Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	Study assessed the efficacy and feasibility of virtual follow-up in patients who have undergone intratympanic steroid injection for treatment of tinnitus during COVID-19 pandemic. We found virtual follow-up using video calling applications and telephonic call is an efficacious, cost effective and user-friendly method, which can provide accurate post procedural observation during a pandemic lockdown.
Interferon gamma, TGF-β1 and RANTES expression in upper airway samples from SARS-CoV-2 infected patients	Villalba,  MCM,  Ramirez, et al	Clin Immunol	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques Immunology | Immunologie	The aim of this study was to evaluate the early inflammatory response in upper airway by measuring of IFN-γ, TGF-β1 and RANTES at mRNA level. Our findings suggest that imbalance between IFN-γ and TGF-β1 expression could be an impact in clinical expression of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Human Intestinal Defensin 5 Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Invasion by Cloaking ACE2	Wang,  C,  Wang, et al	Gastroenterology	Coronavirology| Coronavirologie Immunology | Immunologie	Human intestinal epithelium encompasses approximately 200 m2 of surface area and is conceivably susceptible to SARS-CoV-2; however, the occurrence of intestinal symptoms is lower than that of respiratory symptoms as a whole,3 indicating that enterocytes are actually not as easily infected by SARS-CoV-2 as expected. We explored the underlying reason.
Sleep disturbances among Chinese residents during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 outbreak and associated factors	Wang,  J,  Gong, et al	Sleep medicine	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	During the COVID-19 outbreak, the incidence of sleep disturbances in residents was 17.65%. Increased risk of sleep disturbances was found to be associated with older age, female gender, and poor self-reported health status.
The impact and consequences of sars-cov-2 pandemic on a single university dermatology outpatient clinic in Germany	Wang,  R,  Helf, et al	International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health	Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) pandemic on the university dermatology outpatient clinic (UDOC) of the Technical University of Munich, Germany. We analyzed datasets from 2015 until 2020  regarding patient numbers, gender, age, and diagnoses. Our data support the hypothesis that medically constructive prioritization might not be implemented properly by patients themselves. Identifying missed patients and catching up on their medical care apart from COVID-19 will pose an enormous challenge for health care systems globally.
Fecal viral shedding in COVID-19 patients: clinical significance, viral load dynamics and survival analysis	Wang,  X,  Zheng, et al	Virus Res	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	SARS-CoV-2 RNA was tested in stool and respiratory specimens from COVID-19 patients, until two sequential negative results were obtained. SARS-CoV-2 RNA in stool specimens was associated with a milder condition and better recovery of chest CT results while the median duration of SARS-CoV-2 RNA persistence was significantly longer in fecal samples than in oropharyngeal swabs. The fecal viral load easily reached a high level and rebounded even though respiratory signals became negative.
Characteristics of Telehealth Users in NYC for COVID-related Care during the Coronavirus Pandemic	Weber,  E,  Miller, et al	J Am Med Inform Assoc	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	This study uses data from a large health system in NYC to describe characteristics of patients seeking COVID-related care via telehealth, ER, or office encounters during the peak pandemic period. Demographic factors are significantly predictive of encounter type. Of any age group, patients 65+ had the lowest odds of using telehealth versus other modalities. By race and ethnicity, Black and Hispanic patients have lower odds of using telehealth versus either the ER or an office visit than either Whites or Asians
Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in raw and treated wastewater in Germany – Suitability for COVID-19 surveillance and potential transmission risks	Westhaus,  S,  Weber, et al	Science of the Total Environment	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Transmission Surveillance	The first study that reports the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater in Germany using RT-qPCR. An extensive sampling campaign, including nine municipal wastewater treatment plants, has been conducted in different cities of the Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia (Germany) on the same day in April 2020, close to the first peak of the corona crisis. This first evidence suggests that wastewater might be no major route for transmission to humans.
Patients with Prolonged Positivity of SARS-CoV-2 RNA Benefit from Convalescent Plasma Therapy: A Retrospective Study	Wu,  Y,  Hong, et al	Virol Sin	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques Therapeutics| Thérapeutique	In this study, we conducted a retrospective observational study in 27 patients with prolonged positivity of SARS-CoV-2 RNA, the clinical benefit of convalescent plasma therapy were analyzed. Convalescent plasma therapy might help eliminate virus and shorten length of hospital stay in patients with prolonged positivity of SARS-CoV-2 RNA.
Analise de redes sociais como estrategia de apoio a vigilancia em saude durante a Covid-19	Xavier,  F,  Olenscki, et al	Estudos Avancados	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	This work presents results of studies that demonstrate how analysis of data from social networks may be applied to surveillance activities, using the covid-19 pandemic as a case study. Results indicate that this approach can reveal useful information for surveillance activities, providing a real-time view of aspects related to the pandemic.
Material hardship and parenting stress among grandparent kinship providers during the COVID-19 pandemic: The mediating role of grandparents’ mental health	Xu,  Y,  Wu, et al	Child Abuse and Neglect	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	This study examined the relationship between material hardship and parenting stress among grandparent kinship providers, and assessed grandparents’ mental health as a potential mediator to this relationship during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. Suffering material hardship was significantly associated with higher odds of experiencing parenting stress among grandparent kinship providers, and grandparents’ mental health partially mediated this association.
Twelve out of 117 recovered COVID-19 patients retest positive in a single-center study of China	Ye,  H,  Zhao, et al	EClinicalMedicine	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	In this retrospective, single-center cohort study, we included adult patients (≥ 18 years old) diagnosed as COVID-19 in Affiliated Yueqing Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China. We retrospectively analyzed this cohort of 117 discharged patients and analyzed the differences between retest positive and negative patients in terms of demographics, clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, chest computed tomography (CT) features and treatment procedures.
Tourism recovery strategy against COVID-19 pandemic	Yeh,  SS	Tourism Recreation Research	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique Economics | Économie	This study uses a qualitative research method to examine the TCDM during the current crisis. Interviews were conducted and transcribed. The result indicates that open communication is a key to successfully combat pandemic and government-sponsored loans are crucial to the survival of tourism industry.
Olfactory disorder in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2	Yen,  YF,  Lai, et al	Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	Three (60%) of five patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had olfactory disorder. Two exhibited anosmia at the onset of COVID-19, while one had hyposmia 4 days after the onset of COVID-19. All patients with olfactory disorder were completely recovered with a mean recovery length of 11.3 days. © 2020
Positivity explains how COVID-19 perceived risk increases death distress and reduces happiness	Yıldırım,  M,  Güler, et al	Personality and Individual Differences	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	This study examined the mediating effect of positivity on the association between COVID-19 related perceived risk, death distress, and happiness for Turkish adults. Results showed that perceived risk had a significant direct effect on positivity, death distress, and happiness. Positivity had a significant direct effect on death distress and happiness. Mediation analysis indicated that positivity mediated the effect of perceived risk on death distress and happiness.
Preference and Trust: An Investigation of Information Source of COVID-19 Among People Over 50 Years	Yu,  N,  Jiang, et al	Asia Pac J Public Health	Public Health response| Interventions de santé publique	A cross-sectional survey that reached 21 out of 34 provinces of China was conducted during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China. The study discovered different patterns of source preference and trust among people over 50 years. Additionally, age, education, marriage status, health status, and vision health can influence choices of information sources during a pandemic.
PMC7442557; Impact of mitigating interventions and temperature on the instantaneous reproduction number in the COVID-19 pandemic among 30 US metropolitan areas	Yu,  X	One Health	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique	Publicly available data for the time series of COVID-19 cases and deaths and weather were analyzed at the metropolitan level. The time-varying reproductive numbers (Rt) based on retrospective moving average were used to explore the trends. Aggressive interventions might have mitigated the current pandemic of COVID-19, while temperature might have weak effects on the virus transmission.
Spatiotemporal variations and reduction of air pollutants during the COVID-19 pandemic in a megacity of Yangtze River Delta in China	Yuan,  Q,  Qi, et al	Science of the Total Environment	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique	The three-month period of continuous field observations for aerosol particles and gaseous pollutants, which extended from January 2020 to March 2020, covered urban, urban-industry, and suburban areas in the typical megacity of Hangzhou in the Yangtze River Delta in eastern China. During the long-range transport events, air pollutants on the regional scale likely contribute 40%–90% of the fine particles in the Hangzhou urban area.
The Early Effects of Coronavirus Disease-2019 on Head and Neck Oncology and Microvascular Reconstruction Practice: A National Survey of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons Enrolled in the Head and Neck Special Interest Group	Zaid,  W,  Schlieve, et al	Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery	Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	This study is a cross-sectional study that surveyed fellowship-trained oral and maxillofacial surgeons in head and neck oncology and reconstructive surgery (HNORS). Only 8% of the survey respondents were requested to pause head and neck cancer surgery, whereas 24% were requested to pause free flap surgery during the pandemic. Fifty-five percent agreed that the head and neck and reconstructive surgery should be conducted during a pandemic.
Psychological evaluation of the factors affecting the stress caused by COVID-19 outbreak in the medical staff and the community of Qazvin, Iran Spring 2020	Zarabadipour,  M,  Ghonche, et al	Journal of Military Medicine	Healthcare Response | Réponse des soins de santé	This cross-sectional study was conducted by a researcher-made questionnaire on 326 people in Qazvin province, Iran in the spring of 2020. The mean stress scores of the general population, the medical staff in the corona and non-corona department, were reported 28.7±8.4, 30.1±9 and 27.3±7.8, respectively, with no statistically significant difference among the groups (p=0.374). The level of stress in the study population was mild, but the psychological effects of coronavirus epidemics are undeniable. Access to psychological counseling systems can be an effective way to improve a personchr('39')s mental state in quarantine.
Asymptomatic infection by SARS-CoV-2 in healthcare workers: A study in a large teaching hospital in Wuhan, China	Zhao,  D,  Wang, et al	International Journal of Infectious Diseases	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	This study retrospectively investigated 1407 HCWs who were screened for COVID-19 by chest computed tomography (CT) scans and nasopharyngeal swabs for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid. The findings demonstrated that a high rate of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers existed among healthcare worker close contacts during the outbreak of COVID-19.
Clinical efficacy and safety of nebulized prostacyclin in patients with sARs-CoV-2 (prospective comparative study)	Zhdanov,  KV,  Kozlov, et al	Jurnal Infektologii	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques Therapeutics| Thérapeutique	To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of inhaled prostacyclin in patients with novel coronavirus infection (SARS-CoV-2). The experimental group consisted of 23 patients who, in addition to standard therapy, were prescribed inhaled prostacyclin (PGI 2 ). The clinical efficacy of iloprost was assessed. A statistically significant decrease in the duration of fever, duration of cough, severity and duration of the syndrome of general infectious intoxication in the experimental group was obtained.
Incidence, clinical course and risk factor for recurrent PCR positivity in discharged COVID-19 patients in Guangzhou, China: A prospective cohort study	Zheng,  J,  Zhou, et al	PLoS Negl Trop Dis	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	We prospectively collected and analyzed the epidemiological, clinical and virological data from 285 adult patients with COVID-19 and acquired their definite clinical outcome. Patients’ lack of efficiency in virus clearance was a risk factor for redetectable as positive (RP) result. It is noteworthy that elder RP patients (≥ 60 years old) were more susceptible to clinical symptoms at readmission.
2D Visual Analysis of SARS-CoV-2	Zheng,  Jeffrey,  Qiao, et al	Research Square prepub	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Coronavirology| Coronavirologie	In this paper, the metagenetic analysis system MAS is used to analyze SARS-CoV-2 genomes collected from different countries as input datasets, and special genomic indices are provided to be a global characteristic quantity based on the A1 and C1 modules of the MAS for visualizations.
The Predictive Effectiveness of Blood Biochemical Indexes for the Severity of COVID-19	Zhou,  Y,  Li, et al	Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology	Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Clinical data| Données cliniques	We aimed to explore the predictive effectiveness of blood biochemical indexes for COVID-19 severity. The presence or absence of comorbidities and CRP elevation were independent significant predictors of COVID-19 severity, and hypertension was found as the most common comorbidity in patients with severe disease.
Optimal Border Control during the Re-opening Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic	Zhu,  Zhen,  Weber, et al	arXiv	Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique	We propose a generalized Markov-Switching approach, the SUIHR model, designed to study border control policies and contact tracing against COVID-19 in a period where countries start to re-open. We find that even if a country has closed its borders completely, domestic contact tracing is not enough to go back to normal life. Countries having successfully controlled the virus can keep it under check as long as imported risk is not growing, meaning they can lift travel restrictions with similar countries. However, opening borders towards countries with less controlled infection dynamics would require a mandatory quarantine or a strict test on arrival.
Bi-stability of SUDR+K model of epidemics and test kits applied to COVID-19	Zlatić,  V,  Barjašić, et al	Nonlinear Dynamics	Modelling/ prediction| Modélisation/prédiction Epidemiology| Épidémiologie Public health interventions*| Interventions de santé publique	We develop a toy model of the dependence of the epidemics spreading on the availability of tests for disease. resented research implies that a vigorous early testing activity, before the epidemics enters its giant phase, can potentially keep epidemics under control, and that even a very small change of the testing rate around the bi-stable point can determine a fluctuation of the size of the whole epidemics of various orders of magnitude.
Computational Prediction of Mutational Effects on SARS-CoV-2 Binding by Relative Free Energy Calculations	Zou,  J,  Yin, et al	J Chem Inf Model	Coronavirology| Coronavirologie	To better understand the interplay between SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2, we performed computational alanine scanning mutagenesis on the “hotspot” residues at protein–protein interfaces using relative free energy calculations. Our data suggest that the mutations in SARS-CoV-2 lead to a greater binding affinity relative to SARS-CoV.
Surviving 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia: A successful critical case report	Zou,  L,  Sun, et al	Heart and Lung	Clinical data| Données cliniques	Case report of a 65-year-old man, Wuhan citizen, was infected by COVID-19, and his pulmonary lesions progressed quickly in five days.
Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine as a repurposed agent against COVID-19: a narrative review	Acharya,  Y,  Sayed, et al	Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Molecular diagnostic technologies for COVID-19: Limitations and challenges	Afzal,  A	Journal of Advanced Research	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
An overview on the role of relative humidity in airborne transmission of sars-cov-2 in indoor environments	Ahlawat,  A,  Wiedensohler, et al	Aerosol and Air Quality Research	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Histopathologic and Autopsy Findings in Patients Diagnosed with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID 19): What we know so Far Based on Correlation with Clinical, Morphologic and Pathobiological Aspects	Al Nemer,  A	Advances in Anatomic Pathology	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Striving to Meet Global Health Competencies Without Study Abroad	Amerson,  R	J Transcult Nurs	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Respiratory characteristics and related intraoperative ventilatory management for patients with COVID-19 pneumonia	Aoyama,  H,  Uchida, et al	J Anesth	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Zinc for the prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 and other acute viral respiratory infections: a rapid review	Arentz,  S,  Hunter, et al	Advances in Integrative Medicine	Review Literature| Revue de littérature	RR: Eight databases (one Chinese) and four clinical trial registries (one Chinese) were searched.  Currently, indirect evidence suggests zinc may potentially reduce the risk, duration and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infections, particularly for populations at risk of zinc deficiency including people with chronic disease co-morbidities and older adults.
Antimicrobial disinfectants and sanitizers: An effective tool for breaking the circle of pandemic disease	Azelee,  NIW,  El-Enshasy, et al	Asian Journal of Agriculture and Biology	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Non-Specific Laboratory Tests in Patients with COVID-19	Borai,  A	Annals of Clinical and Laboratory Science	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Implication of aging related chronic neuroinflammation on covid-19 pandemic	Bossù,  P,  Toppi, et al	Journal of Personalized Medicine	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Typical and atypical COVID-19 computed tomography findings	Caruso,  D,  Polidori, et al	World Journal of Clinical Cases	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Pernio during the COVID-19 pandemic and review of inflammation patterns and mechanisms of hypercoagulability	Cavanagh,  G,  Criado, et al	JAAD Case Reports	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Corona virus-sars-cov-2: An insight to another way of natural disaster	Chawla,  S,  Mittal, et al	EAI Endorsed Transactions on Pervasive Health and Technology	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Arterial Thrombosis in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patients: A Rapid Systematic Review	Cheruiyot,  I,  Kipkorir, et al	Ann Vasc Surg	Review Literature| Revue de littérature	SR: search of literature was conducted between 1(st) November 2019 and 9(th) June 2020 on PubMed and China National Knowledge Infrastructure to identify potentially eligible studies.  Arterial thrombosis occurs in approximately 4% of critically-ill COVID-19 patients. It often presents symptomatically, and can affect multiple arteries.
Correlation of D-xylose with severity and morbidity-related factors of COVID-19 and possible therapeutic use of D-xylose and antibiotics for COVID-19	Cheudjeu,  A	Life Sciences	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Clinical features of neonates born to mothers with coronavirus disease-2019: A systematic review of 105 neonates	Chi,  H,  Chiu, et al	Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection	Review Literature| Revue de littérature	SR: We searched the medical databases from inception to March 31, 2020.  Most neonates born to infected mothers had favorable outcomes. Although direct evidences of intrauterine infection were scarce, the risk of intrauterine infection should be considered based on a positive test in 8.8% of the neonates. Symptomatic neonates born to infected mothers should receive tests for SARS-CoV-2 to initiate appropriate treatment and quarantine.
ADE and hyperinflammation in SARS-CoV2 infection- comparison with dengue hemorrhagic fever and feline infectious peritonitis	Cloutier,  M,  Nandi, et al	Cytokine	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Potential interactions of SARS-CoV-2 with human cell receptors in the skin: understanding the enigma for a lower frequency of skin lesions compared to other tissues	Criado,  PR,  Pincelli, et al	Exp Dermatol	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Making the Case for Videoconferencing and Remote Child Custody Evaluations (RCCES): The Empirical, Ethical, and Evidentiary Arguments for Accepting New Technology	Dale,  MD,  Smith, et al	Psychology, Public Policy, and Law	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Cutaneous Manifestations of COVID-19: An Evidence-Based Review	Daneshgaran,  G,  Dubin, et al	Am J Clin Dermatol	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
An approximation-based approach for periodic estimation of effective reproduction number: a tool for decision-making in the context of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak	Das,  A	Public health	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Rehabilitation of patients post-COVID-19 infection: a literature review	Demeco,  A,  Marotta, et al	Journal of International Medical Research	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Pharmacological treatment of COVID-19: Narrative review of the Working Group in Infectious Diseases and Sepsis (GTEIS) and the Working Groups in Transfusions and Blood Products (GTTH)	Díaz,  E,  Amézaga Menéndez, et al	Medicina Intensiva	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
ACE2, TMPRSS2 distribution and extrapulmonary organ injury in patients with COVID-19	Dong,  M,  Zhang, et al	Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Antibody detection assays for COVID-19 diagnosis: an early overview	Ejazi,  SA,  Ghosh, et al	Immunol Cell Biol	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Laparoscopic Surgery and the debate on its safety during COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review of recommendations	El Boghdady,  M,  Ewalds-Kvist, et al	Surgeon	Review Literature| Revue de littérature	SR: search using PubMed and ScienceDirect databases from inception to 1st May, 2020.  There is no scientific evidence to date for the transmission of COVID-19 by laparoscopic surgery. Laparoscopy can be used with precautions because of its benefits compared to open surgery.
Derivatization and combination therapy of current COVID-19 therapeutic agents: a review of mechanistic pathways, adverse effects, and binding sites	El Kantar,  S,  Nehmeh, et al	Drug discovery today	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
GRP78 targeting: Hitting two birds with a stone	Elfiky,  AA,  Baghdady, et al	Life Sciences	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Intrinsic disorder perspective of an interplay between the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and SARS-CoV-2	Elrashdy,  F,  Redwan, et al	Infection, Genetics and Evolution	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Photocatalysis for air treatment processes: Current technologies and future applications for the removal of organic pollutants and viruses	Escobedo,  S,  Lasa, et al	Catalysts	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Structure, characteristics and components of COVID-19 surveillance system	Farahbakhsh,  M,  Fakhari, et al	Journal of Military Medicine	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Cytokine storm in aged people with CoV-2: possible role of vitamins as therapy or preventive strategy	Fiorino,  S,  Gallo, et al	Aging Clin Exp Res	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Review of possible psychological impacts of COVID-19 on frontline medical staff and reduction strategies	Fu,  XW,  Wu, et al	World Journal of Clinical Cases	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Arginine and endothelial function	Gambardella,  J,  Khondkar, et al	Biomedicines	Review Literature| Revue de littérature	SR:
Immunity against COVID-19: Potential role of Ayush Kwath	Gautam,  S,  Gautam, et al	Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Promising role for mesenchymal stromal cells in coronavirus infectious disease-19 (COVID-19)-related severe acute respiratory syndrome?	Hamdan,  H,  Hashmi, et al	Blood reviews	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
A Review on Remdesivir: A Possible Promising Agent for the Treatment of COVID-19	Hashemian,  SM,  Farhadi, et al	Drug design, development and therapy	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Coronavirus-induced myocarditis: A meta-summary of cases	Ho,  JS,  Sia, et al	Heart and Lung	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pneumonia Presentations in Chest Computed Tomography: A Pictorial Review	Hochhegger,  B,  Mandelli, et al	Current problems in diagnostic radiology	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Burden of diabetes mellitus and its impact on COVID-19 patients: A meta-analysis of real-world evidence	Hussain,  S,  Baxi, et al	Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research and Reviews	Review Literature| Revue de littérature	MA:literature search was performed in PubMed. This meta-analysis found a high prevalence of diabetes and higher mortality and ICU admission risk in COVID-19 patients with diabetes.
Epidemiologic surveillance for controlling Covid-19 pandemic: types, Challenges and implications	Ibrahim,  NK	Journal of Infection and Public Health	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Current Status of Etiology, Epidemiology, Clinical Manifestations and Imagings for COVID-19	Jiang,  MD,  Zu, et al	Korean J Radiol	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
COVID-19 Therapeutic Options Under Investigation	Kaddoura,  M,  AlIbrahim, et al	Frontiers in Pharmacology	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Sustainable Personal Protective Clothing for Healthcare Applications: A Review	Karim,  N,  Afroj, et al	ACS Nano	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Telemedicine, the current COVID-19 pandemic and the future: a narrative review and perspectives moving forward in the USA	Kichloo,  A,  Albosta, et al	Family medicine and community health	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
COVID-19 in children and adolescents with chronic lung diseases: Clinical experiences and perspectives	Kiefer,  A,  Kerzel, et al	Pneumologe	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Severity of COVID-19 In Pregnancy: A Review of Current Evidence	Kucirka,  LM,  Norton, et al	Am J Reprod Immunol	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
A proposed collaborative framework by using artificial intelligence-internet of things (AI-IoT) in COVID-19 pandemic situation for healthcare workers	Kumar,  S,  Raut, et al	International Journal of Healthcare Management	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Multimodality imaging of COVID-19 pneumonia: from diagnosis to follow-up. Acomprehensive review	Larici,  AR,  Cicchetti, et al	European Journal of Radiology	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Deciphering SARS-CoV-2 Virologic and Immunologic Features	Lebeau,  G,  Vagner, et al	International journal of molecular sciences	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Medical rehabilitation of children undergoing CoVID-19	Lobzin,  YuV,  Cherkashina, et al	Jurnal Infektologii	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Interpersonal violence against people with disabilities: Additional concerns and considerations in the COVID-19 pandemic	Lund,  EM	Rehabilitation Psychology	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Implications of SARS-CoV-2 on Current and Future Operation and Management of Wastewater Systems	Maal-Bared,  R,  Brisolara, et al	Water Environ Res	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Development of vaccines for SARS-CoV-2	Mahalingam,  S,  Ng, et al	F1000Research	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
COVID-19 infection and cardiac arrhythmias	Manolis,  AS,  Manolis, et al	Trends in cardiovascular medicine	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
An Evaluation of Biometric Monitoring Technologies for Vital Signs in the Era of Covid-19	Manta,  C,  Jain, et al	Clin Transl Sci	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Global COVID-19 Efforts as the Platform to Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals	Mejia,  R,  Hotez, et al	Current Tropical Medicine Reports	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Overview of the current promising approaches for the development of an effective severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine	Mirzaei,  R,  Mohammadzadeh, et al	International immunopharmacology	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Interaction Between Coronavirus S-Protein and Human ACE2: Hints for Exploring Efficient Therapeutic Targets to Treat COVID-19	Momtazi-Borojeni,  A,  Banach, et al	Angiology	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Self- management of diabetes mellitus during the Covid-19 pandemic: Recommendations for a resource limited setting	Mukona,  DM,  Zvinavashe, et al	Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research and Reviews	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Extracellular vesicle-related thrombosis in viral infection	Nomura,  S,  Taniura, et al	International Journal of General Medicine	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Sex-bias in COVID-19-associated illness severity and mortality in cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis	Park,  R,  Chidharla, et al	EClinicalMedicine	Review Literature| Revue de littérature	SR-MA: Published articles evaluating adverse outcomes associated with COVID-19 in the cancer population from inception to June 2020 were identified by searching PubMed and EMBASE, ASCO 2020 Virtual Annual Conference, AACR 2020 COVID-19 and Cancer, ESMO conferences held from January to June 2020, and medRxiv and bioRxiv.  Male sex was associated with a higher risk of severe illness and death attributable to COVID-19. This finding has implications in informing the clinical prognosis and decision making in the care of cancer patients.
COVID 19-A qualitative review for the reorganization of human living environments	Pierantoni,  I,  Pierantozzi, et al	Applied Sciences (Switzerland)	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Public health responses for the management of covid-19 in detention centers. Literature review	Piñeros-Báez,  VH	Revista de Salud Publica	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Venous thromboembolism in patients with COVID-19: Systematic review and meta-analysis	Porfidia,  A,  Valeriani, et al	Thrombosis research	Review Literature| Revue de littérature	SR-MA: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PubMed were searched up to 24th June 2020. VTE represents a frequent complication in hospitalized COVID-19 patients and often occurs as PE. The threshold for clinical suspicion should be low to trigger prompt diagnostic testing.
Epidemiology, genomic structure, the molecular mechanism of injury, diagnosis and clinical manifestations of coronavirus infection: An overview	Prasad,  N,  Gopalakrishnan, et al	Indian Journal of Nephrology	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Remote psychiatric consultations – top tips for clinical practitioners	Ramkisson,  R,  Dave, et al	Progress in neurology and psychiatry	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
A review on chitosan and its development as pulmonary particulate anti-infective and anti-cancer drug carriers	Rasul,  RM,  Tamilarasi Muniandy, et al	Carbohydrate Polymers	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
[Mask use during high impact exercise in the pandemic.]	Robles-Romero,  J,  Conde Guillén, et al	Rev Esp Salud Publica	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Coronavirus RNA Proofreading: Molecular Basis and Therapeutic Targeting	Robson,  F,  Khan, et al	Molecular cell	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Smile, you’re being traced! Some thoughts about the ethical issues of digital contact tracing applications	Roche,  S	Journal of Location Based Services	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease, Crisis, and Isolation	Roychowdhury,  D	Frontiers in Psychology	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Mobile technologies for contact tracing and prevention of COVID-19 positive cases: a cross- sectional study	S,  P,  Velan, et al	International Journal of Pervasive Computing and Communications	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Cardiac Troponin for Assessment of Myocardial Injury in COVID-19: JACC Review Topic of the Week	Sandoval,  Y,  Januzzi, et al	Journal of the American College of Cardiology	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Involvement of the digestive system in covid-19. A review	Sanz Segura,  P,  Arguedas Lázaro, et al	Gastroenterologia y hepatologia	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19: Potential Mechanism of Action Against SARS-CoV-2	Satarker,  S,  Ahuja, et al	Current Pharmacology Reports	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Hemostatic abnormalities in covid-19: A guided review	Sathler,  PC	Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Systematic review of COVID-19 related myocarditis: Insights on management and outcome	Sawalha,  K,  Abozenah, et al	Cardiovascular Revascularization Medicine	Review Literature| Revue de littérature	SR: PubMed/Medline, Ovid Medline and the Cochrane Library databases and manual searches on Google Scholar and the bibliographies of articles identified were searched from December 1st 2019 to June 30th 2020. The use of glucocorticoids and other agents including IL-6 inhibitors, IVIG and colchicine in COVID-19 myocarditis is debatable. In our review, there appears to be favorable outcomes related to myocarditis treated with steroid therapy.
The effects of N-acetyl cysteine on acute viral respiratory infections in humans: A rapid review	Schloss,  J,  Leach, et al	Advances in Integrative Medicine	Review Literature| Revue de littérature	Rapid Review: Medline (Ovid), AMED (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCO), EMBASE (Ovid) were searched. Current evidence suggests that N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC) administration may help improve outcomes in people with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and acute lung injury (ALI) – conditions that closely resemble the signs and symptoms of COVID-19.
Would it be recommended treating multiple sclerosis relapses with high dose oral instead intravenous steroids during the COVID-19 pandemic? Yes	Segamarchi,  C,  Silva, et al	Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Impact of viral epidemic outbreaks on mental health of healthcare workers: a rapid systematic review and meta-analysis	Serrano-Ripoll,  M,  Meneses-Echavez, et al	Journal of affective disorders	Review Literature| Revue de littérature	SR-MA: searched MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO (inception to August 2020). Given the very limited evidence regarding the impact of interventions to tackle mental health problems in HCWs, the risk factors identified represent important targets for future interventions
COVID-19 and paediatric dentistry- traversing the challenges. A narrative review	Shah,  S	Annals of Medicine and Surgery	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Overview of Immune Response During SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Lessons From the Past	Shah,  VK,  Firmal, et al	Frontiers in Immunology	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Traditional Herbal Medicine for the Prevention and Treatment of Cold and Flu in the Autumn of 2020, Overlapped With COVID-19	Shahrajabian,  MH,  Sun, et al	Natural Product Communications	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
PMC7283078; Meta-Analysis of Relation of Creatine kinase-MB to Risk of Mortality in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients	Shi,  L,  Wang, et al	Am J Cardiol	Review Literature| Revue de littérature	MA: Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Web of Science and PubMed databases were extensively searched prior to May 5, 2020.
Psychological adaptive difficulties and their management during COVID-19 pandemic in people with diabetes mellitus	Singhai,  K,  Swami, et al	Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research and Reviews	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Mental health interventions and supports during COVID- 19 and other medical pandemics: A rapid systematic review of the evidence	Soklaridis,  S,  Lin, et al	General hospital psychiatry	Review Literature| Revue de littérature	SR: atabase searches were run on March 27, 2020, April 16, 2020, and July 31, 2020 in Medline (including Epub ahead of print, in process, and other non-indexed citations); Embase; APA PsycInfo; and the Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature (CINAHL). Various mental health interventions have been developed for medical pandemics, and research on their effectiveness is growing.
Implication of coronavirus pandemic on obsessive-compulsive-disorder symptoms	Sulaimani,  MF,  Bagadood, et al	Rev Environ Health	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
COVID-19 and its impact on neurological manifestations and mental health: the present scenario	Sultana,  S,  Ananthapur, et al	Neurol Sci	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Performing tracheostomy in intensive care unit-A challenge during COVID-19 pandemic	Swain,  SK,  Das, et al	Siriraj Medical Journal	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
E-learning – from first experiences in medical physics and engineering to its role in times of crisis	Tabakova,  V	Health and Technology	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Directly Acting Antivirals for COVID-19: Where Do We Stand?	Teoh,  SL,  Lim, et al	Frontiers in Microbiology	Review Literature| Revue de littérature	Rapid Review: Searches were conducted in three electronic databases, supplemented with a search on arXiv, bioRxiv, medRxiv, ChinaXiv, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Chinese Clinical Trial Registry. hile some of the drugs appear promising in small case series and reports, more clinical trials currently in progress are required to provide higher quality evidence.
Postulation of Siddha Tri-Humoural Vitiation in Pathogenesis of Novel Corona Virus Disease	Thamilarasan,  Vinodhini,  Ambalavanan, et al	SSRN- Lancet prepublication	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Radiation Fractionation Schedules Published During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review of the Quality of Evidence and Recommendations for Future Development	Thomson,  DJ,  Yom, et al	International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics	Review Literature| Revue de littérature	SR:  literature search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE to retrieve all relevant English-language articles appearing through June 1, 2020. A large number of publications recommended hypofractionated radiation therapy schedules across numerous major disease sites during the COVID-19 pandemic, which were supported by a lower quality of evidence than the highest-quality routinely used dose fractionation schedules.
Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR Using Different Sample Sources: Review of the Literature	Torretta,  S,  Zuccotti, et al	Ear Nose Throat J	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Insights into antiviral mechanisms of remdesivir, lopinavir/ritonavir and chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine affecting the new SARS-CoV-2	Uzunova,  K,  Filipova, et al	Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Use of mouthwashes against COVID-19 in dentistry	Vergara-Buenaventura,  A,  Castro-Ruiz, et al	British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
The impact of E-Commerce-related last-mile logistics on cities: A systematic literature review	Viu-Roig,  M,  Alvarez-Palau, et al	Sustainability (Switzerland)	Review Literature| Revue de littérature	SR
Attaching clinical significance to COVID-19-associated diarrhea	Wang,  F,  Zheng, et al	Life Sciences	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
COVID-19 drug repurposing: A review of computational screening methods, clinical trials, and protein interaction assays	Wang,  X,  Guan, et al	Med Res Rev	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Potential Effect of COVID-19 on Maternal and Infant Outcome: Lesson From SARS	Wang,  Y,  Wang, et al	Frontiers in Pediatrics	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
All the right moves: Why in utero transfer is both important for the baby and difficult to achieve and new strategies for change	Watson,  H,  McLaren, et al	F1000Research	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Gynecologic surgical considerations in the era of COVID-19	Wright,  JD,  Advincula, et al	Seminars in perinatology	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Emerging strategies on in silico drug development against COVID-19: challenges and opportunities	Yadav,  M,  Dhagat, et al	European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation for filtering facepiece respirators disinfection to facilitate reuse during COVID-19 pandemic: A review	Yang,  H,  Hu, et al	Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Effect of remdesivir on patients with COVID-19: A network meta-analysis of randomized control trials	Yokoyama,  Y,  Briasoulis, et al	Virus research	Review Literature| Revue de littérature	MA: Our analysis demonstrated that the use of remdesivir for patients with COVID-19 was associated with the significantly higher clinical improvement rate compared with standard care alone.
Immunomodulation and Regeneration Properties of Dental Pulp Stem Cells: A Potential Therapy to Treat Coronavirus Disease 2019	Zayed,  M,  Iohara, et al	Cell transplantation	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Prevention and treatment of COVID-19 using Traditional Chinese Medicine: A review	Zhao,  Z,  Li, et al	Phytomedicine	Review Literature| Revue de littérature
Invited commentary on “acute care surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain: Changes in volume, causes and complications. A multicenter retrospective cohort study”	Aboutaleb,  E,  Sarodaya, et al	International Journal of Surgery	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Interfaces a transmissao e spillover do coronavirus entre florestas e cidades	Acosta,  AL,  Xavier, et al	Estudos Avancados	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Covid-19: Why the kidney care is so much affected?	Agarwal,  S,  Prasad, et al	Indian Journal of Nephrology	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Letter to the Editor Regarding ‘“Staying Home”—Early Changes in Patterns of Neurotrauma in New York City during the COVID-19 Pandemic’	Agrawal,  A,  Moscote-Salazar, et al	World Neurosurgery	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Financial resilience of English local government in the aftermath of COVID-19	Ahrens,  T,  Ferry, et al	Journal of Public Budgeting, Accounting and Financial Management	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Cutting-edge technologies for small business and innovation in the era of COVID-19 global health pandemic	Akpan,  IJ,  Soopramanien, et al	Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Sustainable development and its role in containing crises: Corona virus pandemic crisis (COVID-19) in China as a model	Al-Dabbagh,  Z	Journal of Public Affairs	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Confirmatory evidence of visualization of SARS-CoV-2 virus invading the human placenta using electron microscopy	Algarroba,  GN,  Hanna, et al	Am J Obstet Gynecol	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
American Heart Association COVID-19 CVD Registry Powered by Get With The Guidelines	Alger,  HM,  Rutan, et al	Circulation.Cardiovascular quality and outcomes	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Convalescent Plasma: A Potential Life-Saving Therapy for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)	Alghamdi,  AN,  Abdel-Moneim, et al	Frontiers in Public Health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Medical research during the COVID-19 pandemic	AlNaamani,  K,  AlSinani, et al	World Journal of Clinical Cases	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
The role of e-health in improving control and management of COVID 19 outbreak: current perspectives	Al-Ruzzieh,  M,  Ayaad, et al	Int J Adolesc Med Health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Approach to childhood asthma in the era of COVID-19: The official statement endorsed by the Saudi Pediatric Pulmonology Association (SPPA)	Al-Shamrani,  A,  Al-Harbi, et al	International Journal of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Patients’ perspective on the use of telemedicine for outpatient urological visits: Learning from the COVID-19 outbreak	Amparore,  D,  Campi, et al	Actas Urologicas Espanolas	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Ciência e Tecnologia em um mundo de ponta-cabeça	Arbix,  G	Estudos Avancados	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
The COVID-19 Pandemic substantially complicates the usual challenges for patients with diabetes in Latin America	Armando,  A	Diabetes Res Clin Pract	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
The effect of drugs used in rheumatology for treating SARS-CoV2 infection	Atzeni,  F,  Gerratana, et al	Expert Opin Biol Ther	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Practical guidelines for oxygen therapy and respiratory support for patients with COVID-19 in the pre-life support	Avdeev,  SN,  Tsareva, et al	Pulmonologiya	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Updated recommendations for resumption of sleep clinic and laboratory testing	Ayas,  NT,  Ersu, et al	Canadian Journal of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Building an obstetric intensive care unit during the COVID-19 pandemic at a tertiary hospital and selected maternal-fetal and delivery considerations	Aziz,  A,  Ona, et al	Seminars in perinatology	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Eastern surveillance, Western malaise, and South Korea’s COVID-19 response: oligarchic power in Hell Joseon	Baca,  G	Dialectical Anthropology	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Chilblains and COVID-19: further evidence against a causal association	Baeck,  M,  Peeters, et al	J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Self-limited gastrointestinal bleeding in COVID-19	Barrett,  LF,  Lo, et al	Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Local spikes in COVID-19 cases: Recommendations for maintaining otolaryngology clinic operations	Benito,  DA,  Pasick, et al	American Journal of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Medicine and Surgery	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Spirometry in COVID-19 Times — An Emerging Dilemma	Bharath Kumar Reddy,  KR,  Basavaraja, et al	Indian pediatrics	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Time to revisit the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)? Accelerated telehealth adoption during the COVID-19 pandemic	Bhate,  C,  Ho, et al	Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Rapid Implementation of a Mechanical Chest Compression Device for In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest During the COVID-19 Pandemic	Bhatnagar,  A,  Khraishah, et al	Resuscitation	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Quarantine: A Period of Self-discovery and Motivation as Medical Student	Bhusal,  S,  Niroula, et al	JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Variation and multilevel selection of SARS-CoV-2	Blackstone,  NW,  Blackstone, et al	Evolution	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Executive power in emergencies: Where is the accountability?	Boughey,  J	Alternative Law Journal	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Rapid deployment of pathology services to a remote Australian quarantine setting during the COVID-19 pandemic	Branley,  J,  O'Sullivan, et al	Pathology	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Asthma in COVID-19 Hospitalizations: An Overestimated Risk Factor?	Broadhurst,  R,  Peterson, et al	Ann Am Thorac Soc	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Exogenous shocks and managerial preparedness: A study of U.S. airlines’ environmental scanning before the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic	Brown,  RS,  Kline, et al	Journal of Air Transport Management	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Covid-19 and the liver	Brůha,  R	Gastroenterologie a Hepatologie	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
A humanidade encontra sua irrelevancia	Bucci,  E	Estudos Avancados	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Ciencia e politicas publicas nas cidades: Revelacoes da pandemia da Covid-19	Buckeridge,  MS,  Philippi, et al	Estudos Avancados	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Beneficial non-anticoagulant mechanisms underlying heparin treatment of COVID-19 patients	Buijsers,  B,  Yanginlar, et al	EBioMedicine	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Child Healthcare and Immunizations in Sub-Saharan Africa During the COVID-19 Pandemic	Buonsenso,  D,  Cinicola, et al	Frontiers in Pediatrics	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Pandemia pela Covid-19 e multilateralismo: Reflexoes a meio do caminho	Buss,  PM,  Alcázar, et al	Estudos Avancados	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Standardized Testing in College Admissions: Observations and Reflections	Cai,  L	Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Co-Operative Vascular Intervention Disease (COVID) Team of Greater Philadelphia	Calligaro,  KD,  Dougherty, et al	Journal of Vascular Surgery	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Covid-19: What's going on in Leicester?	Campling,  P	The BMJ	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Ultrasound applications to support nursing care in critically ill COVID-19 patients	Cao,  L,  Zhang, et al	Intensive and Critical Care Nursing	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Covid-19 no Brasil: Entre o negacionismo e a razao neoliberal	Caponi,  S	Estudos Avancados	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
A Portable Negative Airflow Box to Control Exposure for Aerosol-Generating Procedures During Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic	Cárdenas-Mancera,  J,  Valencia-Arango, et al	Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
COVID-19 trilogy	Carrillo-Esper,  R	Revista Mexicana de Anestesiologia	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
SARS-CoV-2 viral load and antibody responses: the case for convalescent plasma therapy	Casadevall,  A,  Joyner, et al	J Clin Invest	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Avaliacao de tecnologias em saude: Tensoes metodologicas durante a pandemia de Covid-19	Casas,  CPR,  Silva, et al	Estudos Avancados	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
How endoscopy centers prepare to reopen after the acute COVID-19 pandemic interruption of activity	Castagna,  V,  Armellini, et al	Digestive and Liver Disease	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
One-third of young adults susceptible to severe covid-19	Catizone,  C,  Demler, et al	U.S.Pharmacist	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Lockdown and adolescent mental health: Reflections from a child and adolescent psychotherapist	Catty,  J	Wellcome Open Research	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Non-essential treatment? Sub-fertility in the time of COVID-19 (and beyond)	Cavaliere,  G	Reproductive BioMedicine Online	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Annals On Call - Regulatory T Cells: Treatment for COVID-19?	Centor,  RM,  D'Alessio, et al	Ann Intern Med	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Management of Advanced Therapies in Parkinson's Disease; Peculiar Needs for Deep Brain Stimulation Patients?	Cerroni,  R,  Scalise, et al	Movement Disorders Clinical Practice	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Innovation of dental education during COVID-19 pandemic	Chang,  TY,  Hong, et al	Journal of Dental Sciences	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
COVID-19: Can the symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection affect the homeostasis of the gut-brain-microbiota axis?	Chaves Andrade,  M,  Souza de Faria, et al	Medical hypotheses	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Mental health status and change in living rhythms among college students in China during the COVID-19 pandemic: A large-scale survey	Chen,  RN,  Liang, et al	Journal of psychosomatic research	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
COVID-19: Recommendations for the use of disposable gloves	Chevillotte,  J	Revue de l'infirmiere	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Emergency conversion to telehealth in hospital-based psychiatric outpatient services: Strategy and early observations	Childs,  AW,  Klingensmith, et al	Psychiatry research	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Can we get a clue for the etiology of Kawasaki disease in the COVID-19 pandemic?	Choi,  JW	Korean Journal of Pediatrics	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Deaths by COVID-19: Not all were registered and others should not be accounted for	Cirera,  L,  Segura, et al	Gaceta Sanitaria	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
National Pathology Exchange provides robust infrastructure to covid-19 response	Clamp,  S,  Crees, et al	The BMJ	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
How COVID-19 Transformed Problem-Based Learning at Carle Illinois College of Medicine	Coiado,  OC,  Yodh, et al	Medical Science Educator	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Proning during covid-19: Challenges and solutions	Cotton,  S,  Zawaydeh, et al	Heart and Lung	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
The B-MaP-C study: Breast cancer management pathways during the COVID-19 pandemic. Study protocol	Courtney,  A,  O'Connell, et al	International Journal of Surgery Protocols	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Recommendations for sedoanalgesia of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients on mechanical ventilation	Covarrubias-Gómez,  A,  Salinas-Palacios, et al	Revista Mexicana de Anestesiologia	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7454260; Giant T Wave Inversion and Dyspnea in the Time of Coronavirus Pandemic	Cruz-Utrilla,  A,  T, et al	Circulation	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Os coletivos da Covid-19	da Rocha Carvalheiro,  J	Estudos Avancados	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
to be or not to be: forecast of Covid-19 epidemic development in Russia	Danilenko,  DM,  Komissarov, et al	Jurnal Infektologii	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Emerging from the Epicenter: Reflections on the COVID-19 Pandemic	Dao,  DT,  Nguyen, et al	J Gen Intern Med	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Emergency Hand and Reconstructive Microsurgery in the COVID-19–Positive Patient	Das De,  S,  Liang, et al	Journal of Hand Surgery	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
The Unbearable Thrombus of COVID-19: Primary PCI, Thrombus, and COVID-19	Dauerman,  HL	Journal of the American College of Cardiology	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
COVID-19 and the CRISPR Community Response	Davies,  K,  Barrangou, et al	CRISPR Journal	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Modelagem da pandemia Covid-19 como objeto complexo (notas samajianas)	De Almeida Filho,  N	Estudos Avancados	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
A Cuban Physician on the Front Lines in Barcelona Reflects on COVID-19 Responses in Europe and Cuba	de Delàs,  M	MEDICC review	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Caeteris paribus: In search of the “Silent Professional Identity” of filipino radiologic technologists during the COVID-19 pandemic	de Guzman,  AB,  Angcahan, et al	Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
The neurological manifestations of COVID-19	de Seze,  J	Pratique Neurologique - FMC	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Pride, comradery during COVID-19	Demler,  TL	U.S.Pharmacist	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
High COVID-19 mortality in the UK: Lessons to be learnt from Hubei Province - Are under-detected "silent hypoxia" and subsequently low admission rate to blame?	Deng,  J,  Peng, et al	QJM	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Mount Sinai's center for stress, resilience and personal growth as a model for responding to the impact of COVID-19 on health care workers	DePierro,  J,  Katz, et al	Psychiatry research	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7249508; Thromboembolic Findings in COVID-19 Autopsies: Pulmonary Thrombosis or Embolism?	Deshpande,  C	Ann Intern Med	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Changing agricultural systems and food diets to prevent and mitigate global health shocks	Détang-Dessendre,  C,  Guyomard, et al	Sustainability (Switzerland)	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Rethinking screening during and after COVID-19: Should things ever be the same again?	Dickinson,  JA,  Thériault, et al	Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Perioperative management of elderly patients presenting with hip fracture during COVID-19 pandemic surge	Dizdarevic,  A,  Farah, et al	Journal of clinical anesthesia	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
COVID-19-related stigma and its association with mental health of health-care workers after quarantine in Vietnam	Do Duy,  C,  Nong, et al	Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Strategies to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission during dermatologic head and neck surgery	Do,  MH,  Minkis, et al	Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
The “Vascular Surgery COVID-19 Collaborative” (VASCC)	D'Oria,  M,  Mills, et al	European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
The anamnesis of drug therapy in times of COVID-19 - The use of health insurance data to prevent medication errors	Dörje,  F,  Grandt, et al	Krankenhauspharmazie	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
População negra e Covid-19: Reflexões sobre racismo e saúde	dos Santos,  MPA,  Nery, et al	Estudos Avancados	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Indoor air pollution was nonnegligible during covid-19 lockdown	Du,  W,  Wang, et al	Aerosol and Air Quality Research	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
COVID-19 response in Zimbabwe: A Call for Urgent Scale-up of Testing to meet National Capacity	Dzinamarira,  T,  Mukwenha, et al	Clin Infect Dis	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Navigating the wildfire–pandemic interface: public perceptions of COVID-19 and the 2020 wildfire season in arizona	Edgeley,  CM,  Burnett, et al	Fire	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
A new approach for COVID-19 treatment by micro-RNA	El-Nabi,  S,  Elhiti, et al	Medical hypotheses	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Strategic surgical planning during COVID-19 pandemic: A retrospective analysis of maxillofacial surgical activity	El-Wajeh,  Y,  Mohammed-Ali, et al	Br J Surg	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Replication analysis of the COVID-19 Worry Scale	Faisal,  RA,  Jobe, et al	Death Stud	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Post Covid-19 acute myocardial infarction rebound	Fardman,  A,  Oren, et al	Can J Cardiol	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
SARS-CoV-2 Dissemination Through Peripheral Nerves Explains Multiple Organ Injury	Fenrich,  M,  Mrdenovic, et al	Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Comment on: Ketogenic diet therapy provision in the COVID-19 pandemic: Dual-center experience and recommendations	Ferraris,  C,  Pasca, et al	Epilepsy and Behavior	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Intrauterine transfusion in COVID-19 positive mother vertical transmission risk assessment	Filimonovic,  D,  Lackovic, et al	European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
A novel role for lidocaine in COVID-19 patients?	Finnerty,  DT,  Buggy, et al	British journal of anaesthesia	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Combating COVID-19: MVA Vector Vaccines Applied to the Respiratory Tract as Promising Approach Toward Protective Immunity in the Lung	Förster,  R,  Fleige, et al	Frontiers in Immunology	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7454259; Considerations for Triaging Elective Cases in Children With Cardiac Disease in a Time of Crisis	Gal,  DB,  Char, et al	Circulation	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Letter to the editor: From Katrina to COVID-19: Still re-building New Orleans, one nurse at a time	Garretson,  W,  Jean, et al	Teaching and Learning in Nursing	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Primary Immunodeficiency during COVID-19: Can Colchicine Play a Role in This Overlooked Population?	Gonzales-Tamayo,  Luis	SSRN- Lancet prepublication	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Palliative Care During Public Health Emergencies: Examples from the COVID-19 Pandemic	Gracey,  K,  Martin, et al	Am Fam Physician	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
COVID-19 patients: Recommendations from intensive care physicians	Gräfe,  VKA	Pharmazeutische Zeitung	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
COVID-19: Impact for pediatric research, evidence-based practice and quality processes and projects	Gralton,  KS,  Korom, et al	Journal of pediatric nursing	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Pain workshop ESMO: Africa (response)	Grant,  L,  Leng, et al	ESMO open	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Covid-19: England comes into line with rest of UK on recording deaths	Griffin,  S	BMJ (Clinical research ed.)	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Retinal findings in COVID-19 patients with diabetes mellitus	Guemes-Villahoz,  N,  Burgos-Blasco, et al	Diabetes Res Clin Pract	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
O raciocinio geografico e as chaves de leitura da Covid-19 no territorio brasileiro	Guimarães,  RB,  de Castro Catão, et al	Estudos Avancados	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Glomerular diseases with reference to COVID-19	Gulati,  S,  Prasad, et al	Indian Journal of Nephrology	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
COVID-19: General practice education in the 'new normal'	Gupta,  TS,  Chalmers, et al	Australian Journal of General Practice	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Author Correction: ORF8 and ORF3b antibodies are accurate serological markers of early and late SARS-CoV-2 infection (Nature Immunology, (2020), 10.1038/s41590-020-0773-7)	Hachim,  A,  Kavian, et al	Nature immunology	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
COVID-19 in Africa: Turning a Health Crisis into a Human Security Threat?	Haer,  R,  Demarest, et al	Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Best Practices for Approaching Cognitive Processing Therapy and Prolonged Exposure During the COVID-19 Pandemic	Hagerty,  SL,  Wielgosz, et al	J Trauma Stress	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Optimizing supportive care in COVID-19 patients: A multidisciplinary approach	Haleeqa,  MA,  Alshamsi, et al	Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme as a new immunologic target for the new SARS-CoV-2	Hallaj,  S,  Ghorbani, et al	Immunol Cell Biol	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7233184; COVID-19 and Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy: The Need to Protect Vulnerable Medicare Beneficiaries	Hamad,  Y,  Joynt Maddox, et al	Ann Intern Med	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Ethical Dilemmas Associated With the COVID-19 Pandemic: Dealing With the Unknowns and Unanswerables During Training	Han,  JJ,  Luc, et al	Journal of the American College of Cardiology	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Remdesivir: ‘Eerste medicijn’ tegen covid-19	Harmans,  L	Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Als er een vaccin beschikbaar was tegen covid-19, zou ongeveer 73% van de Nederlanders zich laten vaccineren; 19% twijfelt. Is dat straks voldoende voor groepsimmuniteit?	Harmans,  L	Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Covid-19: Breaking the chain of household transmission	Haroon,  S,  Chandan, et al	The BMJ	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
COVID-19 and the Silver Lining in Health Care Technology	Harrington,  L	AACN Adv Crit Care	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Haemoglobin oxygen affinity in patients with severe COVID-19 infection: Still unclear	Harutyunyan,  G,  Harutyunyan, et al	Br J Haematol	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Anakinra for severe forms of COVID-19 – Authors' reply	Hayem,  G,  Huet, et al	The Lancet Rheumatology	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Exercise as medicine for COVID-19: On PPAR with emerging pharmacotherapy	Heffernan,  KS,  Ranadive, et al	Medical hypotheses	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
[COVID-19: epidemiology and clinical facts]	Hemmer,  CJ,  Geerdes-Fenge, et al	Radiologe	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Cohorting Asymptomatic Patients by COVID-19 Status - Beware of False Negative RT-PCR Test Results and Inevitable Racial Segregation	Henderson,  CE,  Rezai, et al	Journal of the National Medical Association	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
COVID-19 and One Health: shifting the paradigm in how we think about health	Henley,  P	JBI evidence synthesis	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Crises dentro da crise: Respostas, incertezas e desencontros no combate a pandemia da Covid-19 no Brasil	Henriques,  CMP,  Vasconcelos, et al	Estudos Avancados	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Protocol: Leveraging a demographic and health surveillance system for Covid-19 Surveillance in rural KwaZulu-Natal	Herbst,  K,  Siedner, et al	Wellcome Open Research	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Junior Doctors as senior clinical leaders–a reflection on my foundation year 2 (F2) experiences during the SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 pandemic	Home,  J	International Journal of Healthcare Management	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Global prediction system for COVID-19 pandemic	Huang,  J,  Zhang, et al	Science Bulletin	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
How to Protect Medical Staff in the COVID-19 Battlefield After Work	Huang,  X,  Li, et al	Frontiers in Public Health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Reply to: "QT prolongation with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin for the treatment of COVID-19: The need for pharmacogenetic insights"	Hummel,  JP,  Akar, et al	J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Dynamics of digital diffusion and disadoption: A longitudinal analysis of indigenous and other Australians	Hunter,  BH,  Radoll, et al	Australasian Journal of Information Systems	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Covid-19: Is local contact tracing the answer?	Iacobucci,  G	BMJ (Clinical research ed.)	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Covid-19: Nearly 6% of people in England were infected by end of June, study suggests	Iacobucci,  G	BMJ (Clinical research ed.)	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
CSANZ COVID-19 Cardiovascular Nursing Care Consensus Statement: Executive Summary	Inglis,  SC,  Naismith, et al	Heart Lung and Circulation	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Fulminant myocarditis and COVID-19. Response	Irabien-Ortiz,  Á,  Carreras-Mora, et al	Revista espanola de cardiologia	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Postnatally-Acquired COVID-19 in Central India	Jain,  J,  Jain, et al	Indian pediatrics	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Increased usage of smartphones during COVID-19: Is that blue light causing skin damage?	Jakhar,  D,  Kaul, et al	Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection by blocking a tissue serine protease	Jankousky,  KC,  Schultz, et al	Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health outcomes in societies with economic and political instability: case of Lebanon	Jaspal,  R,  Assi, et al	Mental Health Review Journal	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
COVID-19 and its psychological consequences: Beware of the respiratory subtype of panic disorder	Javelot,  H,  Weiner, et al	Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Peritoneal dialysis patients during COVID 19 pandemic	Jeloka,  T,  Gupta, et al	Indian Journal of Nephrology	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Resuscitation of children during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic—a balance between self-protection and the factor of time	Jenke,  A,  Steinmetz, et al	Notfall und Rettungsmedizin	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Epidemiology of COVID-19 Among Incarcerated Individuals and Staff in Massachusetts Jails and Prisons	Jiménez,  MC,  Cowger, et al	JAMA network open	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Online Patient Consultation	Juhra,  C,  Ansorg, et al	Zeitschrift fur Orthopadie und Unfallchirurgie	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Ensuring equity for people living with disabilities in the age of COVID-19	Jumreornvong,  O,  Tabacof, et al	Disability and Society	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Radiologists' Solutions for COVID-19 in Korea	Jung,  JI	Korean J Radiol	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
COVID-19-associated herpetic gingivostomatitis	Kämmerer,  T,  Walch, et al	Clinical and experimental dermatology	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
The COVID-19 outbreak and behavioral changes, public perceptions and psychological responses in Iran	Kamran,  A,  Naeim, et al	Archives of Psychiatric Nursing	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
The World of Clinical Trial Development Post COVID-19: Lessons Learned from a Global Pandemic	Karzai,  F,  Madan, et al	Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Occlusion and face masks: issues with sunscreen use among healthcare workers during COVID-19	Kaul,  S,  Jakhar, et al	Dermatol Ther	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Implications of Gastrointestinal Involvement in COVID-19	Kaur,  H,  Singh, et al	Asia Pac J Public Health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
COVID-19: Mobilizing Quickly for a Rapid Response	Kettle,  M,  Kester, et al	AACN Adv Crit Care	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
In Reply to the Letter to the Editor Regarding “Impact of COVID-19 on an Academic Neurosurgery Department: The Johns Hopkins Experience”	Khalafallah,  AM,  Jimenez, et al	World Neurosurgery	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
0.5% povidone iodine irrigation in otorhinolaryngology surgical practice during COVID 19 pandemic	Khan,  MM,  Parab, et al	American Journal of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Medicine and Surgery	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Exposure Risks and Preventive Strategies Considered in Dental Care Settings to Combat Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)	Khanagar,  SB,  Al-Ehaideb, et al	HERD	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Applying the principles of health technology assessments to intubation boxes for patients with COVID-19	Khemani,  E,  Lampitoc, et al	BMJ open quality	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
COVID-19 apocalypse for children: Predictable, preventable?	Kilham,  HA	Journal of paediatrics and child health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
An Analysis of Government Communication in the United States During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Recommendations for Effective Government Health Risk Communication	Kim,  DKD,  Kreps, et al	World Medical and Health Policy	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Photodynamic and sonodynamic therapy of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure in patients with COVID-19	Kipshidze,  N,  Yeo, et al	Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Substance use disorders and COVID-19: the role of telehealth in treatment and research	Kleykamp,  BA,  Guille, et al	Journal of Social Work Practice in the Addictions	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Challenges facing otolaryngologists in low- and middle-income countries during the COVID-19 pandemic	Kligerman,  MP,  Lamour, et al	International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
COVID-19 in de huisartsenpraktijk	Kloos,  P,  Eekhof, et al	Huisarts en Wetenschap	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
How Can Released State Test Items Support Interim Assessment Purposes in an Educational Crisis?	Klugman,  EM,  Ho, et al	Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
DairyCare 'blueprint for action': Husbandry for wellbeing	Knight,  CH	Journal of Dairy Research	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Management of COVID-19 in a durable left ventricular assist device recipient: A continuity of care perspective	Korada,  SKC,  Mann, et al	Heart and Lung	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
new coronavirus infection (CoVID-19) in a pregnant woman (clinical case)	Kovalchuk,  AS,  Kutsheriavenko, et al	Jurnal Infektologii	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Reminder: Interpret the “science” with caution	Kow,  RY,  Low, et al	Malaysian Orthopaedic Journal	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Primed for a pandemic: Implementation of telehealth outpatient monitoring for women with mild COVID-19	Krenitsky,  NM,  Spiegelman, et al	Seminars in perinatology	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Plastic Surgery in times of COVID-19 in a maximum care hospital in Berlin - Description of the situation and approaches to action for resumption of regular operation	Kricheldorff,  J,  Strempel, et al	Handchirurgie, Mikrochirurgie, plastische Chirurgie : Organ der Deutschsprachigen Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Handchirurgie : Organ der Deutschsprachigen Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Mikrochirurgie der Peripheren Nerven und Gefasse : Organ der V..	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Medicine is a social science: COVID-19 and the tragedy of residential care facilities in high-income countries	Krones,  T,  Meyer, et al	BMJ Global Health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
The American College of Cardiology Roundtable on Research in the Era of COVID-19	Krumholz,  HM,  Januzzi, et al	Journal of the American College of Cardiology	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Working with silenced under-trial prisoners in India during the COVID-19 pandemic	Kumar,  P,  Shekhar, et al	Social Work with Groups	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Creating a crash course in covid-19 for medical students	Kunnummal,  AR	The BMJ	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Guidance for dental treatment of patients with disabilities during COVID-19 pandemic	Kwak,  EJ,  Kim, et al	Journal of Dental Sciences	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Convergence of expectations of the stakeholders of education in law – a reality or a utopia?	Kwiatkowska,  EM,  Trela, et al	Krytyka Prawa	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Central banks: Climate governors of last resort?	Langley,  P,  Morris, et al	Environment and Planning A	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Global collaboration research strategies for sustainability in the post COVID-19 era: Analyzing virology-related national-funded projects	Lee,  D,  Kang, et al	Sustainability (Switzerland)	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Management of the first newborn delivered by a mother with COVID-19 in South Korea	Lee,  EK,  Kim, et al	Clin Exp Pediatr	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic amongst anaesthesiologists and nurses	Lee,  MCC,  Thampi, et al	British journal of anaesthesia	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Increased incidence of complicated appendicitis during the COVID-19 pandemic	Lee-Archer,  P,  Blackall, et al	Journal of paediatrics and child health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
CFPC examinations and COVID-19: Pivoting in extraordinary times	Lemire,  F,  Fowler, et al	Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Integrating the social sciences into the COVID-19 response in Alberta, Canada	Leslie,  M,  Fadaak, et al	BMJ Global Health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
COVID-19 and COPD	Leung,  JM,  Niikura, et al	The European respiratory journal	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
A panel discussion of the COVID-19 crisis with	Lewis,  MW,  Grab, et al	Journal of Social Work Practice in the Addictions	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Medical Students Responding to the COVID-19 Pandemic Losing elect and making the best out of a bad situation	Lin,  CMA	The BMJ	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Differentiating diagnosis of COVID-19 or influenza in patients based on laboratory data during flu season	Liu,  S,  Pan, et al	EClinicalMedicine	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Guidelines for dialysis with reference to COVID-19	Lobo,  V,  Khanna, et al	Indian Journal of Nephrology	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
COVID-19 in East and Southern Africa: Rebuilding Differently and Better Must Start Now	Loewenson,  R	MEDICC review	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Strategic planning vision and some key directions for economic breakthroughs during 2021-2025 period:A study of binh duong-vietnam and smart city program	Long,  NV	Journal of Architecture and Planning	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Racial and Ethnic Disparities, Kidney Disease, and COVID-19: A Call to Action	Longino,  K,  Kramer, et al	Kidney Medicine	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Flattening the Curve in Jails and Prisons: Factors Underlying Support for COVID-19 Mitigation Policies	Louden,  JE,  Vaudreuil, et al	Psychology, Public Policy, and Law	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Teledermoscopy as a community based diagnostic test in the era of COVID-19?	Lowe,  A,  Atwan, et al	Clinical and experimental dermatology	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and the population with dementia. Recommendations under the auspices of the Polish Psychiatric Association	Łuc,  M,  Szcześniak, et al	Psychiatria polska	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Current COVID-19 guidelines for respiratory protection of health care workers are inadequate	MacIntyre,  CR,  Ananda-Rajah, et al	Med J Aust	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Covid-19: Russia approves vaccine without large scale testing or published results	Mahase,  E	BMJ (Clinical research ed.)	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Cancer Therapy in the COVID-19 Era	Maio,  M,  Hamid, et al	Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Rhythm, conduction, and ST elevation with COVID-19: Myocarditis or myocardial infarction?	Mansoor,  A,  Chang, et al	HeartRhythm Case Reports	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Concerns About Research Ethics in COVID-19 Publications	Mansourzadeh,  MJ,  Shamsi, et al	Asia Pac J Public Health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Could aquaporin modulators be employed as prospective drugs for COVID-19 related pulmonary comorbidity?	Mariajoseph-Antony,  L,  Kannan, et al	Medical hypotheses	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Three contextual dimensions of information on social media: lessons learned from the COVID-19 infodemic	Marin,  L	Ethics and Information Technology	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Leveraging telecommuting pharmacists in the post–COVID-19 world	Martin,  RD	Journal of the American Pharmacists Association	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Epidemia e contencao: Cenarios emergentes do pos-Covid-19	Mattedi,  MA,  Ribeiro, et al	Estudos Avancados	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Pathophysiological Basis and Rationale for Early Outpatient Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Infection	McCullough,  PA,  Kelly, et al	American Journal of Medicine	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Winter is coming, and it is going to be tough: COVID-19 and winter preparedness	Merrick,  R,  Walsh, et al	Public health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Use of newer protective and disinfection strategies: A simple tool guide for the dentists during the covid-19 pandemic	Miglani,  S,  Ansari, et al	International Journal of Current Research and Review	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, and Export Controls	Millett,  P,  Rutten, et al	Health security	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Pandemic in the Network Society. the Comparative Analysis of COVID-19 Spreading Features in Europe and Latin America	Milovidov,  Vladimir	SSRN- Lancet prepublication	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Analysis, Modeling, and Representation of COVID-19 Spread: A Case Study on India	Mishra,  Rahul,  Gupta, et al	arXiv	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Broader trauma: Considerations for COVID-19 psychosocial interventions in Hong Kong	Miu,  AS,  Cheung, et al	Asian Journal of Psychiatry	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
BCG vaccination induced protection from COVID-19	Mohapatra,  PR,  Mishra, et al	Indian Journal of Tuberculosis	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Challenges in controlling COVID-19 in migrants in Odisha, India	Mohapatra,  RK,  Das, et al	Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research and Reviews	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Emerging Pandemic Diseases: How We Got to COVID-19	Morens,  DM,  Fauci, et al	Cell	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Caring for Someone with COVID-19	Mortenson,  LY,  Malani, et al	JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest and Acute Coronary Syndrome Hospitalizations During the COVID-19 Surge	Mountantonakis,  SE,  Saleh, et al	Journal of the American College of Cardiology	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Covid-19: The Next Steps	Murphy,  JFA	Irish medical journal	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Can a health care worker have sex in the time of COVID-19?	Naik,  BS	European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Telephonic survey and psychological aid for patients with somatic symptom disorders for the impact of lockdown and COVID-19 pandemic	Naskar,  C,  Grover, et al	Int J Soc Psychiatry	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
COVID-19 : Serions-nous les responsables de cette pandémie ?	Nau,  JY	Revue Medicale Suisse	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Nanoformulation-based antiviral combination therapy for treatment of COVID-19	Neghab,  HK,  Azadeh, et al	Avicenna Journal of Medical Biotechnology	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Government Communications, Political Trust and Compliant Social Behaviour: The Politics of Covid-19 in Britain	Newton,  K	Political Quarterly	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Maintaining breast cancer care in the face of COVID-19	Ng,  CWQ,  Tseng, et al	British Journal of Surgery	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Covid-19: The Irish Public Health Experience	Ni Bhuachalla,  C,  Murphy, et al	Irish medical journal	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Some challenges of sparse data necessitating strong assumptions in investigating early COVID-19 disease	Norrie,  J	EClinicalMedicine	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
The Global Impact of the Pandemic on Institutional and Community Corrections: Assessing Short-Term Crisis Management and Long-Term Change Strategies	Nowonty,  KM,  Piquero, et al	Victims and Offenders	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Preparing for and responding to Covid-19's ‘second hit’	Nundy,  S,  Kaur, et al	Healthcare	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Mitigating loneliness with companion robots in the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond: an integrative framework and research agenda	Odekerken-Schröder,  G,  Mele, et al	Journal of Service Management	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Social prescribing in a time of Covid-19 and social isolation…	Ogden,  J	Progress in neurology and psychiatry	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
A global victory against covid-19 requires creative partnerships	Ohyabu,  T	IAEA Bulletin	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Fever and diarrhea as the only symptoms of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C)	Okarska-Napierała,  M,  Zalewska, et al	Gastroenterology	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
COVID-19: challenges and solutions for the future of UK dermatology undergraduate curriculum delivery	Oki,  O,  Shah, et al	Clinical and experimental dermatology	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Pericarditis in a young internal medicine resident with COVID-19 in Colombia	Ortiz-Martínez,  Y,  Cabeza-Ruiz, et al	Travel Med Infect Dis	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Preoperative COVID-19 Testing for Cardiovascular Procedures in Endemic Areas Should be Mandatory	Ortoleva,  J,  Dalia, et al	Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Work visas: Foreign doctors in the US have more than covid-19 to fear	Painter,  K	The BMJ	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
End-of-life decisions during the COVID 19 pandemic	Palacio Sanguino,  A,  Acosta Ospina, et al	Revista Espanola de Geriatria y Gerontologia	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
A privacidade em tempos de pandemia e a escada de monitoramento e rastreio	Palhares,  GC,  Dos Santos, et al	Estudos Avancados	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Enteral stoma care during the COVID-19 pandemic: practical advice	Pata,  F,  Bondurri, et al	Colorectal Disease	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
'Infodemic' of COVID 19: More pandemic than the virus	Patel,  M,  Kute, et al	Indian Journal of Nephrology	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
COVID 19 and hemodialysis anxiety	Patel,  M,  Kute, et al	Indian Journal of Nephrology	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
COVID-19: Impacts and Implications for Pediatric Practice	Peck,  JL	Journal of Pediatric Health Care	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Paucity of COVID-19 Dermatology Literature from Low- and Middle-Income Countries	Pendse,  RS,  Schwartz, et al	Br J Dermatol	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
“To honour cleanness and shame filth”: medical facemasks as the narrative of nationalism and modernity in China	Peng,  J	Social Semiotics	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
The Cuban Strategy for Combatting the COVID-19 Pandemic	Pérez Riverol,  A	MEDICC review	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Advancing COVID-19 vaccines – avoiding different regulatory standards for different vaccines and need for open and transparent data sharing	Petersen,  E,  Wejse, et al	International Journal of Infectious Diseases	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
High neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio as a prognostic marker in COVID-19 patients	Pimentel,  GD,  Dela Vega, et al	Clinical Nutrition ESPEN	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Strategies for post-COVID cities: An insight to Paris En Commun and Milano 2020	Pisano,  C	Sustainability (Switzerland)	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Child and adolescent psychiatry telemedicine: A singaporean experience born in Covid-19	Poon,  NY,  Pat Fong, et al	Asian Journal of Psychiatry	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Public housing and COVID-19: contestation, challenge and change	Power,  ER,  Rogers, et al	International Journal of Housing Policy	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
SPARK-ing innovation: a model for elementary classrooms as COVID-19 unfolds	Powers,  JM,  Brown, et al	Journal of Professional Capital and Community	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Single Virus Targeting Multiple Organs: What We Know and Where We Are Heading?	Prasad,  A,  Prasad, et al	Frontiers in Medicine	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
COVID 19 and acute kidney injury	Prasad,  N,  Agrawal, et al	Indian Journal of Nephrology	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
COVID-19: Why Has the Mortality Rate Declined?	Preskorn,  SH	J Psychiatr Pract	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Addressing Major Health Disparities Related to Coronavirus for People With Behavioral Health Conditions Requires Strength-Based Capacity Building and Intentional Community Partnership	Progovac,  AM,  Cortés, et al	World Medical and Health Policy	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Is diabetes mellitus a risk factor for COronaVIrus Disease 19 (COVID-19)?	Pugliese,  G,  Vitale, et al	Acta Diabetol	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in COVID-19 Pneumonia: The Pulmonary Circulation Is a Highly Specialized Vascular System	Quarato,  CMI,  Lacedonia, et al	J Ultrasound Med	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Telemental health for child trauma treatment during and post-COVID-19: Limitations and considerations	Racine,  N,  Hartwick, et al	Child Abuse and Neglect	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
In Reply to the Letter to the Editor Regarding “Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Neurosurgery: Literature and Neurosurgical Societies Recommendations Update”	Raffa,  G,  Germanò, et al	World Neurosurgery	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Case fatality rate of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Iran-a term of caution	Rahmanian,  V,  Rabiee, et al	Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Problems faced by tuberculosis patients during COVID-19 pandemic: Urgent need to intervene	Rai,  DK,  Kumar, et al	Indian Journal of Tuberculosis	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Covid-19	Ramsden,  JJ	Nanotechnology Perceptions	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Male sex, severe obesity, older age, and chronic kidney disease are associated with COVID-19 severity and mortality in New York City	Rapp,  J,  Lieberman-Cribbin, et al	Chest	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Precision Public Health as a Key Tool in the COVID-19 Response	Rasmussen,  SA,  Khoury, et al	JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Chronic kidney disease and hypertension with reference to COVID-19	Rathi,  M,  Jeloka, et al	Indian Journal of Nephrology	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
A rapid mobilization of ‘virtual’ primary care services in response to COVID-19 at Veterans Health Administration	Reddy,  A,  Gunnink, et al	Healthcare	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Economic Packages for COVID-19 Recovery Must Invest in More Resilient Health SystemsCristian Morales MS MPHPAHO/WHO Permanent Representative, Mexico	Reed,  G	MEDICC review	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
The role of primary and secondary bio-molecules in optical diagnosis of pandemic COVID-19 outbreak	Rehman,  AU,  Qureshi, et al	Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
The call for sustainable and resilient policies in the COVID-19 crisis: How can they be interpreted and implemented?	Renn,  O	Sustainability (Switzerland)	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
A novel methodology and new concept of SARS-CoV-2 elimination in heating and ventilating air conditioning systems using waste heat recovery	Rezaei,  N,  Jafari, et al	AIP Advances	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Hoping against hope: Dealing with hopelessness in ancient times and today	Rieger,  J	Religions	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Covid-19: Impact of long term symptoms will be profound, warns BMA	Rimmer,  A	BMJ (Clinical research ed.)	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
The Temple Vie weight management and lifestyle programme: initial data and reflections on Covid-19	Robson,  SJ,  Eagles, et al	Obesity Medicine	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Viel Lärm um alles - ZB MED und die COVID-19-Pandemie ZB MED unterstützt die Forschung rund um das Corona-Virus SARS-CoV-2	Roesner,  E	Information-Wissenschaft und Praxis	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Impacts and challenges of United States medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic	Rolak,  S,  Keefe, et al	World Journal of Clinical Cases	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
The American College of Surgeons Responds to COVID-19	Rusch,  VW,  Wexner, et al	Journal of the American College of Surgeons	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Light-based technologies for management of COVID-19 pandemic crisis	Sabino,  CP,  Ball, et al	Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Endoscopy during COVID-19 pandemic	Sadeghi,  A,  Lankarani, et al	Middle East Journal of Digestive Diseases	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Developing a preliminary causal loop diagram for understanding the wicked complexity of the COVID-19 pandemic	Sahin,  O,  Salim, et al	Systems	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Insights into accounting education in a COVID-19 world	Sangster,  A,  Stoner, et al	Accounting Education	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes in Patients With COVID-2019 and Leprosy	Santos,  VS,  Quintans-Júnior, et al	J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
COVID-19 Infection in a Child with Thalassemia Major after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant	Sarbay,  H,  Atay, et al	Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on waste management	Sarkodie,  SA,  Owusu, et al	Environment, Development and Sustainability	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Implications in oral health care for recovered cardiac patients: long-term effects of COVID-19 pandemic	Sarra,  G,  Neves, et al	Oral Dis	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
An accessible and economical evacuation system for surgical fumes and pneumoperitoneum in laparoscopy during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic	Sarrió-Sanz,  P,  Martínez-Cayuelas, et al	Br J Surg	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Pneumonia misinterpretation in COVID-19: revisitation and update	Scialpi,  M	Int J Infect Dis	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
The COVID-19 pandemic should not derail global vector control efforts	Seelig,  F,  Bezerra, et al	PLoS Negl Trop Dis	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
A training programme on basic mechanical ventilation for novel trainees during the COVID-19 outbreak	Sela,  Y,  Weiniger, et al	British journal of anaesthesia	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Preoperative CT thorax as a COVID-19 screen	Senent-Boza,  A,  Jurado-Serrano, et al	Br J Surg	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Health sector reform following covid-19 outbreak: Using kingdon’s multiple streams	Shahabi,  S,  Lankarani, et al	Shiraz E Medical Journal	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Medical Education During the COVID-19 Pandemics — Challenges Ahead	Sharma,  S,  Sharma, et al	Indian pediatrics	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Cascading Risks of COVID-19 Resurgence during an Active 2020 Atlantic Hurricane Season	Shultz,  JM,  Fugate, et al	JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
What Is Lost in Postgraduate Residency During COVID-19 Times?—a Resident Perspective on Diagnostic Error	Shuriya Prabha,  M,  Dinesh Kumar, et al	Medical Science Educator	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
COVID-19 and surgical education: Every cloud has a silver lining	Sideris,  M,  Hanrahan, et al	Annals of Medicine and Surgery	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Sports medicine in COVID Era	Singhal,  A,  Kapoor, et al	Journal of Arthroscopy and Joint Surgery	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Announcement of the royal college of surgeons of thailand on guidance for surgery in COVID-19 patients (V1.2020, 20-04-2020)	Siriwittayakorn,  P	Siriraj Medical Journal	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Remote assessment for identifying COVID-19 post-acute care needs	Sivan,  M	Aging Clin Exp Res	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Cognitieve beperkingen herkennen na COVID-19	Slockers,  M,  Magnée, et al	Huisarts en Wetenschap	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
DPP-4 Inhibitors in the Prevention/Treatment of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Heart and Kidney Injury Caused by COVID-19—A Therapeutic Approach of Choice in Type 2 Diabetic Patients?	Smelcerovic,  A,  Kocic, et al	Frontiers in Pharmacology	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Lifestyle Medicine During (and After) the COVID-19 Pandemic	Smirmaul,  BPC,  Chamon, et al	American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Reply: on CEUS applicability to COVID-19 patients	Soldati,  G,  Giannasi, et al	J Ultrasound Med	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Re: ‘Non-pharmaceutical intervention strategies for outbreak of COVID-19 in Hangzhou, China’	Song,  SJ,  Kong, et al	Public health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Why such excess of mortality for COVID-19 in Spain?	Soriano,  V,  Barreiro, et al	Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
COVID-19 and Iraqi Kurdistan: A regional case in the middle east	Stefania,  M,  Alsilefanee, et al	Disaster Advances	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Effects of general and sexual minority-specific COVID-19-related stressors on the mental health of lesbian, gay, and bisexual people in Hong Kong	Suen,  YT,  Chan, et al	Psychiatry research	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
AGA Rapid Recommendations for Gastrointestinal Procedures During the COVID-19 Pandemic	Sultan,  S,  Lim, et al	Gastroenterology	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Investing in gold or REIT index in Turkey: evidence from global financial crisis, 2018 Turkish currency crisis and COVID-19 crisis	Sumer,  L,  Ozorhon, et al	Journal of European Real Estate Research	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Household representative sample strategy for COVID-19 large-scale population screening	Takyi-Williams,  J	Medical hypotheses	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Maintaining Training with Self-Ultrasound During COVID-19	Tang,  PH,  Chen, et al	Academic Radiology	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
COVID-19: New disease, new manifestations	Tarrasó Castillo,  J,  Posadas Blázquez, et al	Archivos de Bronconeumologia	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Fear and avoidance of healthcare workers: An important, under-recognized form of stigmatization during the COVID-19 pandemic	Taylor,  S,  Landry, et al	Journal of anxiety disorders	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Archaeology of Two Pandemics and Teranga Aesthetic	Thiaw,  I	African Archaeological Review	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Socio-educational implications of technology use during COVID-19: A case study in General Santos City, Philippines	Toquero,  CMD,  Talidong, et al	Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Covid-19: Pre-purchasing vaccine-sensible or selfish?	Torjesen,  I	BMJ (Clinical research ed.)	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
COVID-19: a knowledge and learning perspective	Tovstiga,  N,  Tovstiga, et al	Knowledge Management Research and Practice	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
The Battle of Infinity: Explosive Demand Surge vs Gigantic Service Providers	Toyoizumi,  Hiroshi	arXiv	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Particulate matter and SARS-CoV-2: A possible model of COVID-19 transmission	Tung,  NT,  Cheng, et al	Science of the Total Environment	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Covid-19 pandemic: from carnival masks to surgical masks	Tzanno-Martins,  C	J Bras Nefrol	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
The COVID-19 pandemic: Diverse contexts; Different epidemics - How and why?	Van Damme,  W,  Dahake, et al	BMJ Global Health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Testen, testen, testen, maar hoe? Met welk testbeleid kunnen we covid-19 terugdringen?	van der Zeijst,  BAM,  van der Velden, et al	Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Writing and covid-19	van Loon,  J,  Watkins, et al	Text (Australia)	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
COVID-19: First data from Africa	Venter,  WDF,  Nel, et al	Clin Infect Dis	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Combination Therapy Using Inhalable GapmeR and Recombinant ACE2 for COVID-19	Verma,  NK,  Fazil, et al	Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
In reply—The “Perfect Cytokine Storm” of COVID-19	Vijayvargiya,  P,  Esquer Garrigos, et al	Mayo Clinic proceedings	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Carrying Out Rapid Qualitative Research During a Pandemic: Emerging Lessons From COVID-19	Vindrola-Padros,  C,  Chisnall, et al	Qual Health Res	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Navigating the complexities of treating COVID-19 during the pandemic and a multimodal approach to chronic pain	Viswanath,  O,  Kaye, et al	Best Practice and Research: Clinical Anaesthesiology	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Nasal lavage containing Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme-2 agonist can prevent and reduce viral load in COVID-19	Vofo,  G,  Brodie, et al	Medical hypotheses	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Potential impacts of COVID-19 on the aquaculture sector of Malaysia and its coping strategies	Waiho,  K,  Fazhan, et al	Aquaculture Reports	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Hong Kong emergency department attendance plummets during COVID-19	Walline,  JH,  Song, et al	Emerg Med Australas	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Delirium: A suggestive sign of COVID-19 in dementia	Wang,  H	EClinicalMedicine	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Journey to the East: COVID-19 Lessons From the East	Wang,  SSY	Asia Pac J Public Health	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Covid-19: Medical expenses leave many Americans deep in debt	Wapner,  J	The BMJ	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
When COVID-19 exacerbates inequities: The path forward for generating wellbeing	Warren,  MA,  Bordoloi, et al	International Journal of Wellbeing	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Covid-19: Inadequate health and safety regulatory planning in the UK	Watterson,  A	The BMJ	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
The evolving response by emergency veterinary hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic	Wayne,  A,  Rozanski, et al	J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio)	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
RESPONSE: COVID-19 and Challenges to Cardiovascular Graduate Medical Education	White,  CJ	Journal of the American College of Cardiology	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Coronavirus disease 2019 communication: novel sign language system to aid surgical tracheostomy whilst wearing a respirator	Wilkinson,  S,  Irvine, et al	The Journal of laryngology and otology	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Will working from home become the ‘new normal’ in the public sector?	Williamson,  S,  Colley, et al	Australian Journal of Public Administration	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Utilization of an Orthopedic Hood as Personal Protective Equipment for Intubation of Coronavirus Patients: a Brief Technical Report	Wills,  TT,  Zuelzer, et al	Geriatric Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Integrated emergency treatment technology of medical wastewater for COVID-19	Yan,  X,  Liao, et al	Paiguan Jixie Gongcheng Xuebao/Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Taking the pulse of COVID-19: a spatiotemporal perspective	Yang,  C,  Sha, et al	International Journal of Digital Earth	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
The response to a pandemic at Columbia university Irving medical center's department of obstetrics and gynecology	Yates,  HS,  Goffman, et al	Seminars in perinatology	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Chinese herbal medicine supplementation therapy on COVID-19	Yu,  M,  Zhang, et al	Pharmacol Res	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Providing multilingual logistics communication in COVID-19 disaster relief	Zhang,  J,  Wu, et al	Multilingua	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
PMC7445128; COVID-19 and diabetes cutaneous comorbidity	Zhang,  M,  Gao, et al	Metabol Open	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
CUBA'S COVID-19 STRATEGY: UPDATED EPIDEMIC CONTROL AND RECOVERY MEASURES		MEDICC review	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
COVID-19 in the Americas: Strategies that Mark the Difference		MEDICC review	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Covid-19 news digest		U.S.Pharmacist	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Study finds NSAIDs safe during COVID-19 treatment		U.S.Pharmacist	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Expert Council resolution on the specifics of multiple myeloma therapy during COVID-19 pandemic		Oncogematologiya	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Otitis Media, COVID-19 and Hydroxychloroquine, Postoperative Pulmonary Risk, Hidradenitis Suppurativa		Am Fam Physician	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
Covid-19: usos correctos		Rev Esp Cardiol	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on colorectal cancer service provision		Br J Surg	Commentary/Editorial| Commentaire/Éditorial

Appendix: Process and definitions. 

A daily search for new publications is conducted in PubMed, Scopus, BioRxiv and MedRxiv, SSRN, Research Square, arXiv for all publications related to COVID-19 disease or SARS-CoV-2 using the search terms (COVID-19 OR SARS-CoV-2 OR "novel CoV" OR "novel coronavirus" OR nCoV) adapted to each database.  The capture is cross-referenced with publication announcements on the COVID-19 dashboards set up by a number of publishers and google.  Publishers include Lancet, Elsevier, The New England Journal of Medicine, BMJ, Wiley, Springer Nature, ChinaCDCweekly. Additionally the database is cross-referenced with other literature scans e.g. WHO publication list and activities by collaborators.  Members of the Emerging Sciences group develop 1 -2 point summaries of each publication. Please email Lisa Waddell for additional information: Lisa.Waddell@canada.ca.  References are compiled in a reworks database that has citations since the beginning of the outbreak.  All references can be accessed at this link and by the categories listed below.  The daily scan has also been compiled in an excel sheet and copies can be provided upon request or accessed here.

Category Definitions:

Modelling/ prediction: Predictive modeling is a process that uses data mining and probability to forecast outcomes. Each model is made up of a number of predictors, which are variables that are likely to influence future results.

Epidemiology: the branch of medicine which deals with the incidence, distribution, and possible control of diseases and other factors relating to health. Includes Ro, attack rates, case number doubling time, case fatality rate, serial interval, clinical attack rate, asymptomatic fraction, proportion of asymptomatic and infective*

Transmission: The passage of a pathogen causing communicable disease from an infected host to an uninfected host via direct or indirect routes.

Clinical data of cases: Includes clinical parameters such as incubation period, latent period, period of communicability, duration of illness, duration of hospitalization, host risk factors, as well as clinical profiles of patients; presenting symptoms, symptoms over course of illness, sequelae, comorbidities.* 

Surveillance: Public health surveillance is the continuous, systematic collection, analysis and interpretation of health-related data.  Surveillance data will likely be number of cases suspected/confirmed, number of deaths, number recovered. *

Coronavirology: All research relating to the virus; its characteristics, genetic make-up, phylogenetic analyses

Diagnostics / Pathogen detection:  All studies on identification of the virus; culture, PCR, antibody/antigen tests etc.

Therapeutics: Studies of substances that may be used to treat infected hosts including passive immunization products.

Vaccine Research:  Studies of vaccine candidates to prevent infection with 2019-nCoV including clinical trials.

Public Health Priorities: These citations will focus on what the current research priorities are and/or where knowledge gaps exist.

Public Health interventions*: Any study evaluating how effective a public health intervention is or maybe (in the case of a predictive model).

Public Health response: These papers are typically overviews of past and current activities, they often also identify knowledge gaps and suggest future activities or objectives.

Infection Prevention and Control/ Prévention et contrôle des infections (IPAC/PCI): Any research on the effectiveness of IPC interventions should also be tagged as IPC

Health care Response: This foci would include a description of activities to deal with 2019-nCoV cases including, but not limited to:  set up of a special emergency multi-disciplinary intensive care team; Bed and medical equipment preparation/ stock piling supplies; Education and training of staff; Early case recognition and classification of disease severity.

Economics: papers discussing/ forecasting the economics of COVID-19 pandemic.

Immunology:

Animal Model:

Zoonotic: all literature discussing the transmission to and from or occurrence of naturally acquired SARS-COV-2 infection in animals.

Review Literature:  All articles that summarize the published literature can be tagged as a review.  This includes systematic review, meta-analysis, scoping review, overviews, umbrella reviews*

Commentary/Editorial: For commentaries, editorials, letters to the editor, other types of opinion pieces where there is no new data collected by the author or analysis conducted by the author, please tag these within the commentary category.

News articles that have not scientific information.

*Lists are not exhaustive

Annexe: Processus et définitions. 

Une recherche quotidienne des nouvelles publications est effectuée dans PubMed, Scopus, BioRxiv and MedRxiv, SSRN, Research Square, arXiv pour toutes les publications relatives à la maladie COVID-19 ou au SRAS-CoV-2 en utilisant les termes de recherche (COVID-19 OU SARS-CoV-2 OU « novel CoV » OU « novel coronavirus » OU nCoV).  La saisie renvoie à des annonces de publication sur les tableaux de bord du nCoV mis en place par un certain nombre d'éditeurs et par Google.  Parmi les éditeurs figurent Lancet, Elsevier, The New England Journal of Medicine, BMJ, Wiley, Springer Nature, ChinaCDCweekly.  En outre, la base de données renvoie à d'autres survols de publications, e.g. la liste des publications de l'OMS, et à des activités des collaborateurs.  Les membres du groupe scientifique émergent préparent des résumés en 1 ou 2 points de chaque publication. Pour en savoir plus, veuillez envoyer un courriel à Lisa Waddell au : Lisa.Waddell@canada.ca.  Les références sont compilées dans une base de données Refworks qui contient des citations depuis le début de l'épidémie.  Toutes les références sont accessibles à partir de ce lien et par les catégories énumérées ci-dessous. L'analyse quotidienne a également été compilée dans une feuille Excel et des copies peuvent être fournies sur demande ou consultées ici.

Définitions des catégories :

Modélisation / prédiction : La modélisation prédictive est un processus qui utilise l'exploration de données et la probabilité pour prévoir les résultats. Chaque modèle est composé de plusieurs prédicteurs, qui sont des variables susceptibles d'influencer les résultats futurs.

Épidémiologie : Branche de la médecine qui traite de l'incidence, de la répartition et du contrôle éventuel des maladies et d'autres facteurs liés à la santé. Comprend le taux de reproduction de base (Ro), les taux d'attaque, le temps de doublement du nombre de cas, le taux de létalité, l'intervalle sériel, le taux d'attaque clinique, la fraction asymptomatique, la proportion de cas asymptomatiques et infectieux*.

Transmission : Passage d'un agent pathogène causant une maladie transmissible d'un hôte infecté à un hôte non infecté par des voies directes ou indirectes.

Données cliniques des cas : Comprend les paramètres cliniques tels que la période d'incubation, la période de latence, la période de contagiosité, la durée de la maladie, la durée de l'hospitalisation, les facteurs de risque de l'hôte, ainsi que les profils cliniques des patients; les symptômes présentés, les symptômes au cours de la maladie, les séquelles, les comorbidités.* 

Surveillance : La surveillance de la santé publique est la collecte, l'analyse et l'interprétation continues et systématiques de données relatives à la santé.  Les données de surveillance concerneront probablement le nombre de cas suspects / confirmés, le nombre de décès, le nombre de personnes guéries. *

Coronavirologie : Toutes les recherches relatives au virus, ses caractéristiques, sa constitution génétique et les analyses phylogénétiques.

Diagnostics / Détection d'agents pathogènes : Toutes les études sur l'identification du virus : culture, PCR, tests de dépistage d'anticorps ou d’antigènes, etc.

Thérapeutique : Étude des substances pouvant être utilisées pour traiter les hôtes infectés, y compris les produits d'immunisation passive.

Recherche sur les vaccins : Études des candidats à la vaccination pour prévenir l'infection par le 2019-nCoV, y compris des essais cliniques.

Priorités de santé publique : Ces citations porteront sur les priorités actuelles de recherche et/ou sur les lacunes dans les connaissances.

Interventions de santé publique* : Toute étude évaluant l'efficacité (réelle ou possible) d'une intervention de santé publique (dans le cas d'un modèle prédictif).

Réponse de la santé publique : Ces articles sont généralement des aperçus des activités passées et actuelles, qui identifient souvent les lacunes dans les connaissances et suggèrent des activités ou des objectifs futurs.

Prévention et contrôle des infections/Infection Prevention and Control (PCI/IPAC) : Les recherches sur l'efficacité des interventions en PCI doivent également être marquées comme PCI.

Réponse des soins de santé : Ce point comprendrait une description des activités pour traiter les cas de 2019-nCoV, notamment :  mise en place d'une équipe multidisciplinaire spéciale de soins intensifs d'urgence; préparation des lits et des équipements médicaux / stockage des fournitures; sensibilisation et formation du personnel; reconnaissance précoce des cas et classification de la gravité de la maladie.

Immunologie :

Modèle animal:

Zoonotic: all literature discussing the transmission to and from or occurrence of naturally acquired SARS-COV-2 infection in animals.

Économie: documents discutant / prévoyant l'économie de la pandémie de COVID-19

Revue de la documentation :  Tous les articles qui résument les documents publiés peuvent être marqués comme une revue.  Cela comprend les revues systématiques, les méta-analyses, les études de la portée, les aperçus, les examens généraux*.

Commentaires/Éditorial : Pour les commentaires, éditoriaux, lettres à la rédaction, autres types d'articles d'opinion pour lesquels aucune nouvelle donnée n'est collectée ou aucune analyse n'est effectuée par l'auteur, veuillez les marquer dans la catégorie des commentaires.

journaux Articles de presse qui n'ont pas d'informations scientifiques.

* Les listes ne sont pas exhaustives